.· "• f • ,. 1890. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. .619
By Mr. RICHARDSON: Joint resolution (H. Res. 69) for reference By Mr. HENDERSON, of Iowa: Memorial from the Indiana Yearly of claims to the Court of Claims, under section 14 of the Tucker act- Meeting of Friends, against the slave trade in Africa-to the Committee to the Committee on War Claims. · on Foreign AffairS'. By Mr. KENNEDY: Petition of James B. Holt, for pension-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. PETITIONS, ETC. Also, petition of Ernst P. Terrell, for pension-to the Committee on The following petitions and papers were laid on the Clerk's desk, Invalid Pensions. under the rule, and referred as follows: By Mr. LANE: Petition of ex-soldiers and sailors, for further pen By Mr. ALLEN, of Michigan: Memorial of the Statemilitaryboard sion legislation-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. of Michigan, that nece~ry equipment and stores be furnished to the By Mr. LAWLER: Memorial of Knights of Labor Assembly No. State militia, etc.-to the Committee on the Militia. 9307 and eight other Unions, etc., for the location of the world's fair in By Mr. ANDREW: Petition of Robert Treat Paine, for payment of Chicago-to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. 1 per cent.. additional interest on Kaw or Kansas scrip-to the Com By Mr. LODGE: Memorial of the Grand Army of the Republic, de mittee on Indian Affairs. partment of Massachusetts, relative to printing war records-to the By Mr. ATKINSON: Petition of ex-soldiers and sailors of Snyder Committee on Printing. County, Pennsylvania, for further pension legislation-to the Commit Also, of the Grand Army of the Hepublic, department of Massa tee on Invalid Pensions. chusetts, for aid to soldiers' home-to the Committee on Military Affairs. By Mr. BRECKINRIDGE, of Kentucky: Petition of David H. Hall, Also, memorial of citizens and Great Head Yacht Club, of Winthrop, that his claim be referred to the Court of Claims-to the Committee Mass., for the improvement of Winthrop Harbor, Massachusetts-to the on War Claims. Committee on Rivers and Harbors. By Mr. BREWER: Memorial of Michigan military board, for aid to By Mr. McCOMAS: Petition of John Hooper, of Maryland, for re State militia.-to the Committee on the Militia. lief-to the Committee on War Claims. By Ur. BROWER: Memorial of the North Carolina Yearly Meeting Also, petition of Mrs. :U. A. Doll, for relief-to the Committee on of the Society of Friends, protesting against appropriations for naval or War Claims. war purposes-to the Committee on Naval Affairs. By Mr. MORRILL: Petition of members of White Cloud Post, By Mr. BROWNE, of Virginia: Memorial of the fishermen and citi Grand Army of the Republic, Kansas, for further pension legislation zens of the ea.stern shore ofVirginia for protection of food-fishes, etc. to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. to the Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries. By Mr. O'DONNELL: Memorial (l.f the State military board of l\lich By Mr. BURTON: Memorial of the Board of Trade, of Clevefand, igan, in favor of aid to the State militia-to the Committee on the Mi· ., Ohio, for the improvement of St. Mary's River-to the Committee on litia. Rivers and Harbors. By Mr. PENINGTON: Petition of citizens and manufacturers of Wil Also, petition of Mrs. Mary Woodworth, for relief-to the Committee mington, Del., for the improvement of the Christiana.River, Delaware- on Military Affairs. to the Committee on Rivers and Harbors. Also, petition of Mrs. Mary Woodworth, for pension-to the Com By Mr. PERKINS: Memorial of Alliance No. 25, of Cowley County, mittee on Invalid Pensions. Kansas, asking for statistics relative to farm mortgages-to the Select By Mr. CARUTH: Petition and papers in support of the claim of Committee on the Eleventh Census. Benjamin F. Alford, to accompany H. R. 1309-to the Committee on By Mr. PETEHS: Memorial of Wichita Typographical Union, No. Claims. 148, Kansas, for the passage of the Chaceinternationail copyright bill Also, papers in support of a claim of George Lewis Cousins, for relief, to the Committee on Printing. ro accompany H~ R. 1304-to the Committee on War Claims. Also, papers in support of the cfaim of William C. Rose-to the Com Also, papers in support of the claim of William A. Merriwether, for mittee on Claims. pension, to accompany H. R. 4027-to the Committee on Pensions. Also, letter in support of the claim of Hosea Stone-to the Commit Also, papers in support of a claim of 1\fary Ann Allen, for pension, tee on Military Affairs~ to accompany H. R. 4030-to the Committee on Pensions. By Mr. SCULL: Petition of John J. McDonald, for pension.:....to the Also, papers in support of the claim of William E. Keyes, for pension, Committee on Invalid Pensions. to accompany H. R. 4029-to the Committee ou Invalid Pensions. By Mr. STEPHENSON: Memorial of ·National Grange, Patrons of Also, papers in support of the claim of Agnes Vetter, for pension, to Husbandry, against adulteration of foods, etc.-to the Committee on accompany H. R. 4028-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. .Agriculture. By Mr. CLANCY: Petition of John Hogan, for pension-to the Com Aho, memorial of the Northwestern Traveling Men's Association, ,_ mittee on Invalid Pensions. for the location of the world's fair at Chicago-to the Committee on By Mr~ CLUNIE: Memorial of Lincoln Post No. 1, Grand Army of Foreign Affairs. the Republic, department of California, for further pension legislation Also, petition of Levi Walker and 134 others, citizens of Baraga. ,, .. to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. County, Michigan, that honorably discharged soldiers and sailors be Also, memorial of the Pacific Coast Boa.rd of Commerce, in favor of eligible as light-house keepers-to the Committee on Naval Affair.::;. the Torrey bankrupt bill-to the Committee on the Judiciary. By Mr. TAYLOR, of Tennessee: Petition of Elisha Smith, that his Also, memorial of the Pacific Coast Board of Commerce, in favor of claim be referred to the Court of Claims-to the Committee on War the sweet-wine bill-to the Committee on Ways and Means. Claims. By Mr. CONNELL: Petition of farmers of the First Congressional By Mr. WASHINGTON: Petition of Phillips Butthorf Manufactur district of Nebraska, against option dealing-to the Committee on ing Company, for the passage of a bankrupt law-to the Committee Agriculture. on the Judiciary. By Mr. CULBERSON, of Texas: Petition of J. D. Melbourne and By Mr. WHITTHORNE (by l\ir. MCMILLIN) : Petitions of 8arah 100 others, citizens of New Boston, Bowie County, Texas, to improve A. Anthony, executrix of Mary F. Brown, and Robert W. l\lcLemore, the water-way between Jefferson, Tex., and Shreveport, La.-to the that their claims be referred to the Court of ClaimR-to the Committee Committee on Rivers and Harbors. on War ClaimE. By Mr. CUTCHEON: Memorial of the Board of Trade of Grand By Mr. WILSON, of Washington: Papers in the claim of .Joshua. Rapid.a, Mich., for the location of the world's fair at Chicago-to the Curtis-to the Committee on War Claims. - .:1 Committee on Foreign Affairs. By Mr. FOR~Y: Petition of George Hall and others, of De Kalb -· County, Alabama, for statistics relative to farm mortgages-to the SENATE. Select Committee on the Eleventh Census. By :Mr. FOWLER: Petition of ex-soldien1 and sailors of Belvidere, THURSDAY, Janu,ar.1J 16, 1890. Warren County, New Jersey, for additional pension legislation-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Prayer by the Chaplain, Rev. J. G. BUTLER, D. D. By Mr. GOODNIGHT: Petitions of R. D. Anthony, Jessie L. At . The Journal of yesterday's proceedings was read and approved. wood, B. B. Bass, Harrison Brown, James D. Cain, W. P. Cannon, GEORGETOWN IlARGE, DOCK, ELEVATOR, AND RAILWAY CO.liP.\.NY. Isaac Cain, James H. Fnqua, Shelby Gray, Sebastian Heeter's estate, James A. Hodges, W. H. Kinnaird, John W. Lyles, William J. Mil The VICE-PRESIDENT laid before the Senate the report of the ler, James H. Murphy, Peter D. Martin, Albert l\lit<:hell, Martha A. president of the Georgetown (D. C.) Barge, Dock, Elevator, and Rail way Company, made in compliance with section 5 of the act of incor l'ifitchell, P. H. Murrell, Estate of Elisha F. O'Neall, T. J. Oliver, poration of that company; which was referred to the Committee on John N. Pierce, Presley Potter, estate ofN. K. Pope, J. Robey, B. W. the District of Columbia, and ordered to be printed. Samuel J.Read, estate of M.A. Sugg, Charles B. Stevens, E. S. Steven· son, Henry Smith, R. W. Terrell, William M. Temple, A. G. Williams, PETITIONS AND ME1IORL1J..S. C. A. Willoughby, Robert C. White, and S. W. Wilt, that their claims Mr. PETTIGREW presented a petition of 13 farmers of South Da be referred to the Court of Claims-to the Committee on War Claims. kota, praying for the passage of a law prohibiting any person from sell Also, petition of citizens of Bowling Green, Ky., for statistics rela ing promises to deliver farm produce or stock products who are not the tive to farm mortgages-to the Select Committee on the Eleventh Cen owners or agents of the owners of such products; which was referred sus . to the Committee on .A!!riculture and Forestry.
. . , ..; .... "' - . .... l.. • .,, . ' , .. 620. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. JANUARY 16,
He also presented a petition of 20 ex-soldiers of the late war, pray Thomas H. Yeatman, late of Cincinnati, Ohio, praying payment of a ing for additional pension legislation; which was referred to the Com- claim for war supplies furnished the Government, asked to be dis mittee on Pensions. · charged from the further consideration of the :Petition, and that it be He also presented a petition of members of the conference of the referred to the Committee on Claims; which was agreed to. Methodist Church of South Dakota, praying for the pas..~ge of a law Mr. PASCO, from the COmmittee on Claims, to whom was referred increasing the number of chaplains in the regular Army and provid the bill (S. 153) for the relief of Pearson C. Montgomery, of Memphis, ing for more adequate and thorough moral and religious training; Tenn., reported it with amendments, and submitted a report thereon. which was referred to the Committee on Military Affairs. l\Ir. MOODY, from the Committee on Pensions, to whom was referrecl Mr. PASCO presented the petition of Mrs. Mary E. Boyd, of Palatka, the bill (S. 509) granting a pension to Eliza Crewson, submitted an Fla., widow of Robert T. Boyd, relating tot\ claim against the United adverse report thereon, which was agreed to; and the bill was postponed States in behalf of the successors in interest of the late firm of Boyd indefinitely. & Munroe, and the heirs of the partners of that firm, on account of the He also, from the same committee, to whom was referred the bill (S. seizure of the schooner Richard Law; which was referred to the Com 438) for the relief of Mrs. .Mary L. Roderick, submitted an adverse mittee on Claims. report thereon, which was agreed to; and the bill was postponed in Mr. CHANDLER. On behalf of the Senator from Iowa who sits on qefinitely. my right [Mr. WILSON], I present the petition of Johh McLain and Mr. HALE. I report, from the Committee on Census, adversely, the 20 other citizens of Toledo, Tama County, Iowa, praying for the pas bill (S.1181) to require theSuperintendent of Census to ascertain what sage of an a-0t prohibiting speculation in raw and manufactured farm percentage of the people own their farms and the number of farms under products. I move that the petition be referred to the Committee on mortgage and the amount thereof. I ask that the bill may be p1a.ced Agriculture and Forestry. upon the Calendar, and, as there is some difference of opinion in the The motion was agreed to. committee, I give notice that I shall endeavor to call it up some time Mr. INGALLS presented the petition of E. Cooley and 50 ex-soldiers next week for discussion. of Cottonwood Falls, Kans., and the petition of J. '!'. Jam es and 37 ex The VICE-PRESIDENT. The bill will be placed on the Calendar soldiers of Kansas, praying for the passage of the Indiana-Kansas serv with the adverse report of the committee. ice-pension bill; which were referred to the Committee on Pensions. l\Ir. SAWYER, from the Committee on Pensions, to whom were re He also presented the petition of citizens of Severy, Kans., and the ferred the following bills, reported them severally without amend petition of members of Grand Army Post 24, Nebraska City, Nebr., ment, and submitted reports thereon: praying for the passage of the bill to remove the limitations in the act A bill (S. 755) granting a pension to George Fitzclarence; granting arrears of pension; which were referred to the Committee on A bill (S. 767) granting a pension to Thomas Dennis; Pensions. A bill (S. 760) granting a pension to Jonathan Hayes; Mr. WASHBURN presented resolutions adopted by the St. Paul A bill (S. 758) granting a pension to M. Cornelia Brown; and (Minn.) Chamber of Commerce, favoring the adoption of the best meas A bill lS. 818) #?:ranting a pension to Catherine Morris. ures possible looking to the rebuilding of our merchant marine; which l\Ir. COCKRELL, from the Committee on Military Affairs, to whom were referred to the Committee on Commerce. was referred the bill (S. 998) to remove the charge of desertion from He also presented resolutions adopted by the Board of 'l'rade of Man the record of William H. Fenton, reported it without amendment, and kato, Minn., favoring the pas.sage of the Davis bill for the improvement submitted a report thereon. of the Sault Ste. Marie Canal; which were referred to the Committee He also, from the same committee, to whom was referred the bill (S. on Commerce. 1015) to remove the charge of desertfon from the military record of He n.lso presented resolutions adopted by the St. Paul (Minn.) Job George W. Madden, reported. adversely thereon; and the bill was in bers' Union, favoring an appropriation to complete the Sault Ste. definitely postponed. Marie Canal and Hay Lake Channel; which were referred to the Com He also, from the same committee, submitted a report, accompanied mittee on Commerce. by a bill (S. 2079) for the reliefof George W. Madden; which was read Mr. CAMERON pre.sented a petition of the Philadelphia (Pa.) Mari twice by its title. time Exchange, praying for the passage of the bill providing for the He also, from the same committee, to w born was referred the bill (S. transfer of the revenue marine to the Naval Establishment; which 1074) for the relief of John Hollins McBlair, reported it without amend was referred t.o the Committee on Naval Affairs. ' ment, and submitted a report thereon. He also presented a petition of the Leibrandt and McDowell Stone Mr. HAMPTON, from the Committee on Military Affairs, to whom Company, of Phil&delphia, Pa., praying for the enactment of a general was referred the bill (S. 735) for the:relief of the heirs or legal repre and nniform bankrupt law; which was referred to the Committee on sentatives of Robert J. Bauguess, deceased, reported it without amend the Judiciary. ment, and submitted a report thereon. l\fr. STOCKBRIDGE presented a petition of the National Association He also, from the same committee, to whom was referred a commu of Stove Manufacturers, praying for the passage of a general bankrupt nication from the secretary of the Territory of Arizona, transmitting a law; which was referred to the Committee on the Judiciary. memorial of the Legislative Assembly in regard to the restoration of He also presented a petition of citizens of Bostwick, Mich., and a Capt. William Harper to bis rank in the United States Army, asked petition of citizens of Oshtemo, Mich., praying for the passage of a law to be discharged from its further consideration; which was agreed to. restraining specnlation iu grain; which were referred t.o the Committee He also, from the same committee, to whom was referred the bill . ' on Agriculture and Forestry. (S. 1248) for the relief of Levi J. Bryant, asked to be discharged from Mr. PLUMB presented the petition of District Assembly No. 66, its farther consideration and that it be referred to the Committee on Knights of Labor, of Washington, D. C., praying that an appropriation Pensions; which was agreed to. be made to supply free text-books to all pupils of the public schools of Mr. SPOONER, from tlrn Committee on Public Buildings and the District of Columbia; which was referred to the Committee on Ap Grnunds, to whom was referred the bill (S. 591) to increase the appro propriations. priation for the purchase of site and the erection of a. public building Mr. HAWLEYpresented resolutions adopted by the Hartford (Conn.) at Milwaukee, reported it without amendment. Typographical Union and resolutions adopted by the Bridgeport (Conn.) Mr. FRYE, from the Committee on Foreign Relations, to whom was Typographical Union, in favor of the paasage of the pending interna referred the bill (S. 1296) for the relief of the owners, officers, and crew tional copyright bill; which were referred to the Committee on Patent&.- 1 of the British bark Chance, reported it without amendment, and sub He also presented resolutions adopted by the Pennsylvania General mitt.ed a report thereon. Baptist Association and resolutions adopted by the New Jersey Bap He also, from the Committee on Commerce, to Vihom was referred tist State Convention, in favor of the enlargement and improvement of the bill (S. 1658) establishing a customs collection district to consist of the corps of chaplains of the United States Army; which were referred the States of North Dakofa and South Dakota, and for other purposes, to the Committee on Military Affairs. reported it with amendments. 1 He also, from the same committee, to whom was referred the bill REPORTS OF COMlflTIEES. (S. 1752) to amend "An act to amend section 4400 of Title LII of the Mr. FAULKNER, from the Committee on Claims, to whom was re Revised Statutes of the United States, concerning the regulation of ferred the bill (S. 289) for the relief of the trustees of the German Evan steam-vessels," approved August 7, 1882, reported it without amend gelical Church of Martinsburgh, W. Va., reported it without amend ment. ment, and submitted a report thereon. He also, from the same committee, to whom was referred the bill .M:r. BATE, from the Committee on Military Affairs, to whom was (S.1093) to provide an American register for the steamer Jamaica, of referred the bill (S. 1217) for the relief of Francis J. Conlan, submitted New York, reported it without amendment. an a-dverse teport thereon, and moved that the bill be postponed in Mr. DANIEL, from the Committee on Indian Affairs, to whom was definitely; which was agreed to. referred the joint resolution (S. R. 42) granting authority for the re He also, from the same committee, to whom was referred the bill (S. moval of Apache Indian prisoners and their families to Fort Sill, Ind. 745) for the relief of Henry G. Healy, reported it with an amendment, T., reported it with an amendment. and submitted a report thereon. . Mr. DAWES, from the Committee on Indian .Aftairs, to whom was re l\Ir. WALTHALL, from the Committeeonl\:Iilitary Affairs, to whom ferred the bill (S. 16) to enable the Secretary of the Interior to locate In was referred the petition of Frederick A. Schmidt, administrator of dians in Florida upon lands in severalty, reported it without amendment.
.· .. '. t' ' ...... ·' ...... 'l •I ;. .. r : c I - "' t. .. ~ 1890. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 621
Mr. HOAR, from the Committee on the Library, to who'm was re terest of the United States; it is not in the interest of humanity; on ferred the bill (S. 1071) for the erection of a statue and monument to the contrary it is against the interest of humanity and against every .. ,Tames Madison, reported it without amendment. · other consideration which can appeal to the people of the United States ' .. and to the proper and orderly relation of our affairs to those of Alaska. ALASKA SEAL FISHERIES. that any lease whatever shall be made under the existing law. That Mr. MORRILL. I am directed by all the members of the Committee ought to be prevented at all hazards. . ' on Finance who are present to report the following concurrent resolu This being, as I conceive, only a temporary postponement and not ' •. tion: committing Congress to the statement that in the event something is .Resolved b-y the Senate (the House of .&presentatives concuning), That the Secre not done before the 20th of February they think it is proper a new tary of the Treasury is hereby requested not to make any new lease of the islands of St. Paul and St. George in the Territory of Alaska for the purpose of taking lease shall be made, and thereby give indorsement to the action of the fur seals thereon, and to postpone all act.ion in relation thereto until after Feb Secretary, I have no objection to ira passage. ruary 20, 1890. The VICE-PRESIDENT. The question is on agreeing to the reso This is deemed of sufficient importance t.o ask for the immediate con lution. sideration of it by the Senate, and I will say that I do not think there The resolution was agreed to. will be any opposition t.o it in any quarter of the body. l\fr. INGALLS. Let the resolution be read for information. BILLS INTRODUCED. The VICE-PRESIDENT. The Senat.or from Vermont asks for the Mr. PIERCE (by request) introduced a bill (S. 2080) authorizing the present consideration of the concurrent resolution. It will be again read. restoration of the name of Thomas H. Carpenter, late captain Seven The Chief Clerk read the resolution. teenth United States Infantry, to the rolls of the Army, and providing The VICE-PRESIDENT. Is there objection to the present consid that he be placed on the list of retired officers; which was read twice eration of the resolution? by its title, and, with the accompanying papers, referred to the Com Mr. DOLPH. I object. mittee on Military Affairs. Mr. STEWART. I should like to inquire if it is the intention of Mr. STOCKBRIDGE introduced a bill (S. 2081) for the relief of the resolution to prevent the making of any new lease or simply to Charles V. Mottram; which was read twice by its title, and, with the postpone it? accompanying papers, referred to the Committee on Military Affairs. Mr. MORRILL. It is merely to ascertain the present state of affairs Mr. BARBOUR introduced a bill (S. 2082) for the erection of a pub and to give time to report a new bill to take the place of the former lic building at the city of Staunton, Va.; which was read'twice by its act. title, and referred to the Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds. ., . The VICE-PRESIDENT. Objection is made to the present consider Mr. BLACKBURN introduced a bill (S. 2083) for the relief of Joseph ation of the resolution. B. l\foClintock; which was read twice by its title, and referred to the Mr. MORRILL. I do not hear that any objection is made. Committee on Claims. The VICE-PRESIDENT. The Senat.or from Oregon [Mr. DOLPH] He also introduced a bill (S. 2084) for the relief of Oldham County, objects. Kentucky; which'Wa.s read twice byits title, and referred to the Com Mr. DOLPH. I supposed it was the resolution before the Senate mittee on Claims. some days ago. Do I understand that this is reported from the Com Be also introduced a bill (8. 2085) for the relief of Oldham County, mittee on Fin·ance? Kentucky; which was read twice by its title, and referred to the Com Mr. MORRILL. It is reported by all of t.he committee who are mittee on Claims. present. He also introduced a bill (S. 2086) to correct the military record of Mr. DOLPH. How long ·is it proposed that this matter shall be John Hinsmann; w!lich was read twice by its title, and referred to the tied up? Committee on Military Affairs. Mr. MORRILL. Only until the 20th of February. He also introduced a bill (S. 2087) for the relief of Henry F . Schra Mr. DOLPH. Then it is onJy a temporary matter? der; which was read twice by its title, and referred to the Committee Mr. MORRILL. That is all-t.o give the committee time to investi o_n Claims. gate the subject. He also introduced a bill (S. 2088) granting a pension to Lydin. IIaw Mr. DOLPH. I wish to state that I did not say anything in the kins; which was read twice by its title, and referred to the Committee discussion the other day, but it would seem to me to be the height of on Pensions. folly to postpone the making of a new lease for any length of time if He also introduced a bill (S. 2089) granting a pension to Elizabeth we mean to protect the seals upon the seal islands, and in the mean R. Hull; which was read twice by its title, and referred to the Com time to allow the sealers of other nationalities to destroy the seals in mittee on Pensions. the open sea. Our protection of the sea.Ls there would be merely for the He also introduced a bill (S. 2090) granting a. pension to Anna M.
benefit of foreigners who killed seals at sea, and 1 am not in favor of Wehe; which was read twice by its title, and referred to the Commit ., .. 'I any such proposition. If this is only a temporary arrangement and tee on Pensions. does not contemplate an interval between the expiration of the present Mr. BECK introduced a bill (S. 2091) to direct t!,.e Secretary of War lease and the lease of all the property again, I have no objection to it, to appoint a commission to ascertain and report the facts concerning and I will withdraw my objection to the present consideration of the thedestructionofpropertyat Cynthiana, Ky., on June 11, 1864; which resolution. was read twice by its title, and referred to the Committee on Claims. The VICE-PRESIDENT. The Senator from Oregon withdraws bis He also introduced a bill (S. 2092) for tbe benefit of James M. Speer objection. and others; which was read twice by its title, and referred to the Com Mr. STEWART. I think the resolution ha.cl better be amended so mittee on Claims. as to make it simply a postponement. He also introduced a bill (S. 2093) for the relief of D. W. Price; Mr. MORRILL. That is all there is of it. which was read twice by its title, and referred to the Committee on Mr. PLATT. Let it be read once more. Claims. Mr. STEWART. I should like to ham it read a!!'.ain. 1 fear this He also introduced a bill (S. 2094) for the relief of J.M. McClelland; may be a permanent arrangement. - which was read twice by its title, and referred to the Committee on Mr. MORRILL. No, it is only a request to the Secretary of the Claims. Treasury. Mr. CAMERON (by request) introduced a bill (S. 2095) to plaoo Mr. STEWART. Hit is a simple postponement I have no objection Henry Zell on the retired-list of the Army; which was read twice by to it. it title, and, with the aecompanying papers, referred to the Committee Mr. PLATT. May the resolution be again read? on Uilitary Affairs. The VICE-PRESIDENT. The resolution will be again read. He also introduced a bill (S. 2096) to provide for the construction of The Chief Clerk read the ;resolution. a public building at Lebanon, Pa.; which was read twice by its title, Mr. IfALE and others. There is no objection to it. and referred to the Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds. The Senate, by unanimous consent, proceeded to consider the resolu He also introduced a bill (S. 2097) granting a pension to George tion. Hoover; which was read twice by its title, and, with the accompany Mr. PLUMB. I want to say about the resolution simply that the ing papers, referred to the Committee on Pensions. only objection I would have to it is this: I should regret if it should Mr. DAVIS introduced a bill (S. 2098) to reorganize and increase the be construed.as an expression on the part of the Senate or of Congress efficiency of the Judge-Advocate-General's Department of the Army; that after the 20th day of February it would be proper for the Secre which was read twice by its title, and referred to the Committee on tary to go on and make a lease; that is, that it was the opinion of Con Military A'.ffairs. gress that he should make a lease under the existing law. Mr. MANDERSON introduced a bill (S. 2099) to effect a rearrange- According t-0 my belief, there i~ no public interest whatever that re ment of the grades of office in the subsistence department of the Arniy; quires a lease of those islands. The Secretary may be required to per which was read twice by its title, and referred to the Committee on form a duty devolved upon him by law, and for which he can not be Military Affairs. properly criticised except as to the method of its performance. But Mr. WILSON, of Maryland, introduced a bill (S. 2100) for the~re ' ,. - back of all that, in my judgment, this is fundamental, that it is not to lief of James S. Crawford; which was read twice byit.s title, and, with the interest of the United States; on the contrary it is against the in- the accompanying papers, referred to the Committee on Claims. , .
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622 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. JANUARY 16,
He also (by request) introduced a bill (S. 2101) to incorporate the to be distorted by party considerations or confined within the narrow Columbia. Central Railway Company; which was read twice by its boundaries and limits of party lines. It rises above party or cavil. and title, and referred to the Committee on the District of Columbia. deserves to be held above sections. May I not therefore invite and Mr. CASEY introduced a. bill (S. 2102) providing for an appropria expect discussion in the more serene atmosphere of broad patriotism tion for the construction of locks and dams on the Red River of the and common nationality, and that we may endeavor to adjusti without North; which was read twice by it;s title, and referred to the Commit irritating friction, whatever of dispute or controversy there is? tee on Commerce. Besides, Mr. President, whoever concludes that the quieting of the :Mr. SPOONER introduced a bill (S. 2103) granting a pension t.o Mrs. agitation which arises out of the political status of the negro would be •"' ' Caroline G. Seyfforth; which was read twice by its title, and, with the a settlement of the "race question" discloses how little he knows of -. accompanying paper, referred to the Committee on Pensions. its magnitude and comprehensiveness and how superficially he looks :Mr. PLUMB introduced a bill (S. 2104) to provide for the conservar at it. tion and use of natural water supplies upon certain portions of the The race problem is absorbing a large share of public attention, and public lands of the United States, and for other purposes; which was iustly so, for the American people have never had a more difficult one read ~wice by its title, and referred t.o the Select Committee on Irriga to deal with, none requiring more patience, forbearance, mutuality of tion and Reclamation of Arid Lands. concession, and philanthropic effort. Mr. HAWLEY introduced a bill (S. 2105) t.o transfer officers on the Why the preponderance of attention should be bestowed upon the retired-list of the Army from the limited list t.o the unlimited; which African, or rather the descendant of the African, does not appear, unless was read twice by its title, and reforred to the Committee on Military it be that their greater numbers and their different relations to the gov A:ffa.irn. ernments, State and Federal, give him greater prominence. He also introduced a bill (S. 2106) giving William K. Mayo the For years before the African was brought to our shores the Indian, rank and pay of rear-admiral on the retired-list of the Navy; which another colored race, occupied public attention, and is still an object was read twice by its title, and, with the accompanying papers, re of anxious concern. It has cost the Government millions upon mill ferred t.o the Committee on Naval Affairs. ions of money to settle the" race qu0:l'"'tion" with him, and still it is :Mr. WASHBURN introduced a bill (S. 2107) for the relief of Hora not settled. Some twenty-odd years ago the Chinaman, still another tio Phillips Van Cleve; which was read twice by its title, and referred colored race, under the leadership of Ur. Burlingame, was introduced, to·the Committee on Military Affairs. to be used, then denounced, then driven out. That branch of the l\Ir. CHANDLER (for Mr. WILSON, of Iowa) introduced a bill (S. "race question" was quickly and summarily settled; settled, too, in 2108) granting a pension t.o Sa.rah Hoover; which was read twice by defiance of solemn treaty stipulations, humanity, and justice, and the its title, and, wiih the accompanying papers, referred tothe Committee Chinaman had to go or die. He was not a voter and worked cheaply. on Pensions. Cupidity brought the Afric.~n here, cupidity inveigled the China Mr. PLATT (by request) introduced a bill (S. 2109) t.o insure the man, and cupidity drove him out. The Indian was here. Ile would purity of elections in the Territ.ory of Arizona; which was read twice not be reduced to slavery. He would not work at all for the white by its title, and referred t.o the Committee on Territories. man, so he was hunted and corraled, and is corraled now, but still here, 1 J'ifr. TURPIE introduced a bill (S. 2110) concerning rank and pay of and a menace. What are we going t.o do with him? Make a citizen soldiers who did duty as officers in the war of 1861; which wa..c:; read of him? Give him the ballot, with full civil and political rights? twice by its title, and, with the accompanying papers, referred t.o the Why not? He was here before the white man, the African, or the Committee on Military Affairs. Mongolian. He would never submit to being made a slave-die first; l\ir. FRYE introduced a bill (S. 2111) granting a pension t.o Catha bis nature revolted against it. He belonged to that class of savages '. rine U. Ham; which was read twice by its title, and referred t.o the who had always been free. He would fight and die for his liberty. Committee on Pensions. He is formsd of that material which oaght to make a valuable citizen Mr. HEARST introduced a bill {S. 2112) for the relief of John W. in a free Republic, after proper preparation. He bas courage, alert Dorsey; which was read twice by its title, and referred to the Select ness, shrewdness, energy, and enterprise. Yet he was not and is not Committee on Indian Depredations. taken into the body politic. We have acted on the theory that he is l\Ir. GEORGE introduced a bill (S. 2113) to protect employes and only fit t.o live on reservations to himself, under coercion. What a servants engaged in foreign and interstate commerce; which was read curious commentary on common sense, to say nothing of humanity, twice by its title, and referred t.o the Committee on Education and bas been our treatment of the race question. How inconsistent and Labor. indefensible! It is a good time to take a. new departure, to look events He also introduced a bill (S. 2114) to protect innocent purchasers of squarely in the face, to deal with them calmly, sedately, dispassion patented articles, and for other purposes; which was read twice by its ately, and rationally. title, and referred t.o the Committee on Patents. All human endeavor is liable to be attended with error. No man is Mr. HALE introduced a bill (S. 2115) granting a pension to Mercy endowed with foresight and sagacity to anticipate and foresee accurately C. Langley; which was read twice by its title, and referred to the Com the results of human action, and it is evidence of the highest courage mittee on Pensions. and wisdom t.o acknowledge mistakes and to recur to them as admoni Mr. EUSTIS introduced a bill (S. 2116) t.o refer the claims of the tions for the future. A line of public policy for a great free republic, heirs of Don Juan Filhiol t.o certain lands in Arkansas t.o the Court of from which it is expected the greatest good will accrue t.o the greatest Claims; which was read twice by its title, and referred to the Commit number, should never be inspired or governed by sentimentality. t.ee on Private Land Claims. Prudent and sound statesmanship will never be guided by impulse Mr. COCKRELL introduced a bill (S. 2117) for the relief of Seth E. or passion. Have we been influenced by such considerations in the Ward; which was read twice by its title, and referred to the Select statesmanship of the past? I embraee all sections and all classes and Committee on Indian Depredations. all shades of political opinion in this general inquiry: Have we made lVIr. PADDOCK introduced a bill (S. 2118) for the relief of Albert S. mistakes? If so, have we the courage and humanity t.o acknowledge Holliday; which was read twice by its title, and referred to the Sel~t and the wisdom to correct and avow them in the future? Committee on Indian Depredations. The craze of universal suffrage came lumbering along on the heels of Mr. SQUIRE introduced a bill (S. 2119) t.o incorporate the Washing successful battle and furnished a solution of the difficulties of recon t.on Loan and Trust Company of the District of Columbia; which was struction. The retort may and doubtless will be made upon me that read twice by its title, and referred to the Committee on the District if there bad been no war there would have been no reconstruction. I of Columbia. admit the force of the rejoinder, and take my share of the responsi WITHDRAWAL OF P APEilS. bility, whatever it may be. But that does not satisfy the present in quiry or relieve our present environments and embarrassments. The On motion of Mr. PAYNE. it was lately emancipated slave was enfranchised; a large proportion of his Ordered, That John A. Lynch have leave to withdraw from the files the papers in his case, dated April 21, 1879, there having been no adve1'Se report thereon. former masters were disfranchised. I will not say that this was not natural under the existing conditions. Possibly, surrounded by like Elll.IGRATION OF COLORED PERSOYS. circumstances, nuder such grne responsibilities, I might have fallen Mr. BUTLER. I ask the Senate t.o proceed to the consideration of upon this course as a way out of an embarrassing situation. But in Senate bill 1121, now lying on the table. the light of experience and the judgments of the highest tribunal of There being no objection, the Senate, as in Committee of the Whole, our system it was not wise or judicious. . resumed the consideration of the bill (S.1121) to provide for the emi It was done, however, and I do not see bow it can be undone. , I gration of persons of color from the Southern States. Who is responsible for it I need not now discuss, but for the sake Ur. BUTLER. Mr. President, in discussing the bill now under con of the argument will concede that both sections and both of the great sideration (Senate bill 1121), "providing forthe emigration ofpersons political parties are responsible. Some persons of high rank in the ; of color from the Southern States/' I shall proceed in a very simple intellectual and moral world have seen and still see, in the history fashion, outside of party lines, nnd confine myself to a frank, dispassion of the African on this continent and in the tragic events which effected ate statement of facts and experiences and such references to events as his emancipation, the band of God for the accomplishment of n. great candor and truth justify and permit. If others take upon themselves purpose in another hemisphere. Events appear to be shaping them t.o give the discussion a partisan or sectional coloring, the responsibility selves in such manner as t.o justify such a conclusion. Demoralization, must rest with those who do so. To my mind it is too grave a subject social, moral, and political, race antagonisms ensued and continue.
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1890. CONGRESSIO.r A.L RECORD-SENATE. 623
The "race question," raised by the changed attitude of the two races any of these J?OSitions. He has had free access to the superior schools, toward each other, is a burning, vital issue. Confined to no locality, colleges, and mstitutions of learning, as it is claimed. Is he so debased : ...·.· section, or party, it embrares all classes and all sections, pressing, it morally and socially that he should be branded by this mark of inferi is true, more urgently upon some than others. This, I think, will not ority and excluded from the privilege of enjoying his equal right to be denied by those who have given it unbiased consideration. Can it these various callinge? This can scarcely be. Why is it, then, that be adjusted fairly and humanely without further disturbance? I sin he is never allowed to enter them? cerely trust so. Will it be, not as it relates to the negro race alone, I should feel very much obliged and instructed if some philanthro but to others as well? What is to become of the 250,000 or 300,000 pist who loves the negro at a distance, and is so much concerned for Indians, if there are so many? Driven to reservations and there po bis welfare in other States than his own, would answer this question liced and guarded (most. of them) by the military power, shall they frankly. Is it race prejudice? Of course it is, Mr. President; an unre remain isolated and apart? Or shall they be made t:itizens, given the lenting, unforgiving, incurable race prejudice. right to vote, and allowed to exercise this with other coincident rights, These propositions can not, and I think will not, be successfully denied. .· with no other guide for their civil conduct than such as their untutored It seems very strange that in thiscountryofboastedfreedom and equal natures dictate? I refer to those of course who have not had the ad right they should be true; but they are true, and none of us can fore vanUiges of education and progress which obtain among certain of the see when they will be corrected, if ever. How impotent and imbecile Indian tribes. What is to become of the 100,000 or moro of the Chi the human mind appears when iii att.empts to forecast future evenl.s ! namen in our midst? Are they ever t.o be made citizens and allowed How infinitely powerless the wisest, soberest intellect becomes when to vote? its efforts reach into the hereafter to foret.ell what will oocur in the But the more pertinent inquiry, one bearing: directly upon the bill narrowest limit of time. before us, is what is to be the fate of the six or eight millions ofnegroes? Let me illnstratefrom our own experience: Suppose, in the year 1860, They are citizens. They have the ballot. They have all the civil and when the relation of master and slave existed in eleven of the States political rights that the white man has, while the other colored races of this Union, some prophet had predicted that within ten years of that are denied these rights, or at least they are not conferred upon them. time the proud Caucasian master would be practicing bis profession Were they better qualified? Have they shown capacity for their proper before a negro judge, addressing a negro jury, summonsed by a negro exercise? Will they be able to assert and maintain them on equal sheriff, and attended by a negro bailiff, all lately negro slaves. He footing with the white man, and so as not to jeopardize the well-being would have been thought to be on the verge of insanity. Or if some of our institutions under the conditions which surround them? The wiseacre bad about that time foretold that the then despised slave opinion appears to be growing that they can not and that a candid and would, within the same period, represent a sovereign slave State in the honest effort should be made to ascertain why not, and, if it should turn Senate of the United States, or repl""..,sent the United States in a diplo out that the opinion is well founded, to determine what is best to be matic capacity in a foreign country, he would have incurred the ridi done. The interests of both races should be carefully weighed and cule and jibes everywhere as a deluded negrophobist. And yet, Mr. fairly dealt with. I confess, Mr. President, the problem oppresses President, we have lived to see all these things. me with its gravity and difficultit!S. It is too serious to be trifled with Suppose another sage given to forecast the future should in 1870 or _ and too urgent to be ignored or neglected. 'l'he white people of the ten years later have foretold that within the next decade not one rep southern section of tbe country are not alone concerned in its solution. resentative of the negro race would be occupying a seat in that same They were not consulted when the issue was precipitated. They wi11 Senate or on the bench anywhere in this broad land, and that not one . now have a voice in its consideration; and I shall be very much dis of this numerous race filled any, or, if any, a very insignificant, position appointed in their t.emper anll purposes if they do not bring 1:o bear of honor or trust in any of the States of this Union. He, too, would upon it the full measure of an honest effort to aid, by just and humane have been written down an untrustworthy guide and philosopher, but counsels, and by a sincere desire to deal fairly with it in all its aspects. he would have been a true prophet. But it bas been said, is said, and no doubt ~11 be said a.,,rrain, that the Suppose it should be predicted now that within a half century a Southern people ca.n not be trusted to deal with this question (and I genuine full-blooded negro could not be found in the present limits interpose this geographical allusion incidentally, not for the purpose of of the United States. Many would stand amazed at the recklessness giving a sectional complexion to my remarks, but with a view of get of such a statement, and yet many there are who believe that very ting at the truth); that their race pr~judices are so strong and over thing. powering they can not do justice 1:o the negro. Let us see if prejudice So, Mr. President, it is unsafe to enter the domain of prophecy on against the negro is stronger among the Southern whites than among this question. Scenes shift; so rapidly, the unexpected so often hap the Northern whites. It would be uncandid and absurd to say there pens, and in the test of new experiments in government events follow is no raee prejudice in the South. Of course there is, and it exists each other with such unfore£een precipitation that we become almost wherever you find the Caucasian race. But the point is, is that preju dumbfounded by the historic kaleidoscope, and pause in their presence dice stronger and more blinding in the South than in the North? I with a profound sense of our inability to shape and govern them. mean by North all that part of the country north of the line of the We have approached perilousness near to the precipice of disaster, but, Ohio River and northern boundary of Maryland. by what might be aptly denominated "main strength and awkward In the St.ate of Ohio, aecording to the last census, there were 79,537 ness," have escaped the abyss, and I trust have reached a plane where negroes; in Pennsylvania, 85,109; in New York, 64,175; in Illinois, we can look back calmly and profit by the mistakes and experiences of 46,123; in Indiana, 39,359; in Mas&'l.chusetts, 17,750; in Connecticut, the past. 11,648; aggregating343:701 in the seven States north of the above line, The bill I ham had the honortointroduce and now under considera and no doubt this number has increased in the last decade. The claim tion contemplates the gradual, orderly, and voluntary movement of is ma.de, and perhaps justly, that educational fadlities in these States the colored people out of the Southern States, and provides Government are the best, superior t-0 any other section of the Union. It must be aid to enable them 1:o do so. If I were called upon for the authority presumed, therefore, that there bas been no discrimination against whereby Congress could properly make such an appropriation of money these 343,000 negroes on account of their "race, color, or previous con I should point to the appropriations made to aid the Indians in moving dition," and that they have had every advantage of education and en out of the Northern, Middle, and Southern States, and to the money lightenment. It mUBt also be presumed that many of them have quali appropriated to exclude the Chinaman, etc. It appears to me that this fied themselves by education and otherwise to discharge the duties was a proper exercise of the constitutional power of Congress to appro which devolve upon men and women in the various walks and avoca priate money for the national or general welfare. It was a national tions of life. And yet a traveler making the tour of these States would object, of which the States, perhaps, could not take cognizance, having, scarcely know of the existence of these ~H3, 000 neg roes if he did not see as States, no territory beyond their limits to which the objects of their them occasionally in the streets and elsewhere in the performance <>f bounty could go and settle. The case is different with the National menial services. He would not see them employed by any of the rail Government. road corporations as president, vice-president, superint.endent, con So that we have a precedent for this legislation in the action _of the duct.or, brakeman, or engineer, and I believe not even as fireman or train Government in its policy with the Indians. Speaking of Congressional hand, :Q.or as clerk or manager of a hotel frequented by white people, and aid to African colonization, Mr. Webster said, shortly before his death: rarely, if ever, as porter or agent. He would never meet a negro in It appears that this emigration is not impracticable. What is it to the great the mercantile or banking or business establishments owned hy white resources of this country to send out a hundred thousand a. year to Africa? In my opinion, without any violation of the analogies which we have followed in people as president or vice-president or cashier or clerk or salesman. other cases, in pursuance of our com.mercia.l regulations, it is within our Con He would not see him to any appreciable extent in the mechanical or stitution, it is within the powers and provisions of that Constitution, as a. pa.rt industrial establishments, in the managing or clerical departments. of our commercial arrangements, just as we enter into treaties and pass laws for the suppression of the slave trade. lfwe look now to other instances, we shall These are all filled by white men. . see how great may be the emigration of individuals, with slight means from_ This same traveler would look in vain for a negro in any of the posi Government. tions of trust or honor or emolument in the legislative, executive, ot I might supplement this high authority from others of equal weight judicial departments of these State governments. He would not find but will forbear to do so. him in the pulpits of the white churches or connected with the gov But it will be said the Indian was not a citizen, the negro is. True, ernment of the white churches, except as usher or sexton, and if ever, the Indian was not a. citizen, but the Government assumed the guard so rarely as to be exceptional. ianship of him. He had rights which the Government felt bound to Why is this? It can not be because the negro is not qualified for respect, such respect as it was and is, and continues to ex:ercise super-
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624 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. JANUARY 16,
vision over bis affairs, notwithstanding the fact that many of them are as parted, are simply to produce a population of domestic servants, to be kept in able and well qualified to manage their own business as their guardian. a subordinate place by the dominant race. This Samson for African achieve- The negro is a citizen. He, too, became a "ward of the nation." ~~~~1i ~f E'!i~~1 1}10~:~!d~::f hilistines. The great Artist and Architect The Government took upon itself the office of guardian, and settled oft Amphora crepit with him with citizenship and civil rights-that, t-00, before he became Institui; currente rota cur urceus exit? vf age. It is not the first time a guardian has prematurely settled with • * * To the present generation of whites and blacks in America it may eeem that his ward. In the forum of law this guardian baa not always been dis the negro "is there to stay," but the next generation will take a different view. charged from his liability on account of his trust. Descendants of Africa have never been permitted to feel at home in those coun And so, Mr. President, in the high forum of conscience, the Govern tries, even where they are most numerous and where the geographical and climatic conditions are congenial. Freedmen from Brazil and other parts of ment should not be discharged from liability on account of its self South America are continually making their way back to the fatherland, imposed trust to it ~ wards. Would it be expecting too much, would anxious to breathe again the ancestral air and to lie down at last and be buried it be an unreasonable demand, if the negro should ask his guardian to with their fathers. In the United States, notwithstanding the great progress made in the direction supplement bis allowance of citizenship and civil rights by transpor of liberal ideas, the negro is still a stranger. The rights and privileges accorded tation to the Free State of Congo or Liberia if he wanted to go there, by constitutional law offer him no security against the decrees of private or or to the public lands of the West: where he could acquire a home social intolerance. He is surrounded by a prosperity-industrial commerciali and political-in which he is not permitted to share, and is tantalized1 by socia stead under the land laws and begin life in his new home on an equal respectabilities from which he is debarred. The future offers no encourage footing with his more favored white brother? Or to the abandoned ment to him. In the career of courage and virtue, of honor. emolument, and ' . farm lands of Vermont or Massachusetts, or any other of the New En fame, which Hes open to his white neighbors and to their children, neither he himself, nor his sons or daughters, can have any part. From that high and im gland States, the cradle of his freedom and civil rights, if he should pre proving fellowship which binds together the elements from Europe, however fer to go there? Surely he would have the support of the philan incongruous, the negro child is excommunicated before be is born. thropic Senators from those States, who would doubtless welcome him One fatal drawback to the negro in Americ:i. is the incubus <>f imitation. He must be an imitator, and imitators see only results; they never learn processes. in preference to foreigners. They come in contact with accomplished facts without knowing how they The citizenship of the negro, it would seem to me, strengt.hens his were accomplished. They never get within, so as to see how a thing origi claim over that of the Indian for this Government assistance. Again, nates or develops. Therefore, when they attempt anything, they are apt to begin at the end, without the insight, patience, or experience which teaches the inquiry will be made, Why should the negro move out of the that they begin at the beginning. They are impatient theorists, in the literal Southern States? He will not, except upon his own motion. There sense, who can neither understand nor wait for the slow results and precari is nothing in this bill which coerces or compels him to move. ous combination of arduous and prolon~ed effort. Hence they are ready to criticise processes, to find fault with details. The destructive faculty is largely My answer, however, is, it would be for his own good and for the develofed; but to originate and point out methods of effective action is impos good of his white neighbors also. It can not have escaped the atten sible o them. .John J asp er is a respectable negro preacher of Virginia, who tion of the most casual observer that where the negroes remain in large has constructed his own theory of the solar system; and the fact that he has constructed something, and hR.S the temerity to explain and defend his theory masses and exceed in numbers their white neighbors they not only do against the theories of the learned, causes a lllrge following, and he has lately not advance satisfactorily in the scale of civilization, but actually retro been invited to lecture in Europe as a curiosity. His earnestness and acute grade; such, at least, has been my experience. It is not needful for ness, in spite of bis defiance of grammar and his ignorance of scholastic meth to ods, command the respect of the intelligent listener. It is easier t-0 smile at his any intelligent man of the South read St. John's dismal narrative scientific perversity than to give the reasoning by which the mighty results of of "The Black Republic of Hayti," or Bruce's graphic story of ''The astronomy h ave been obta ined. Plantation Negro as a Freeman," or Froude's "Negro in the West In Whatever may be said of the advanta,g"es of education and civilization, and a great deal is being said just now, and, perhaps, so far as the negro is con dies" to learn the truth of this statement. cerned, a great deal ought to be said, it seems certain that such advantages are On the other hand, observation and experience convince us that in not without serious dangers. It is our earnest belief that a r~al, indepen~ent regions of the South where the white race is largely in the majol'ity moral growth, productiye of strength of character and self-reliance, is impossi ble to natures in contact with beings greatly superior to themselves. This is the negro is better off and the white man is better off. The negro one reason, we suppose, why our spiritual training was not in trusted to an1otelic wears better clothing, lives in better houses, educates his children bet beings; why "we have this treasure in earthen vessels." Everybody knows ter, and is more intelligent and thrifty, and the white man is more that a powerful, massive character-though it be nearly perfect-may positively injure those within the circle of its influence by giving them a bent in a direction prosperous and progressive. So tha.t no friend of the negro will oppose opposite to their own natural tendencies, so as to make it extremely difficult, if this bill because it will be hurtful to him. not impossible, for them to shake themselves free. It is conceded on all hands that if thenegro is to attain the full stat This author again, on page 400, says: if to ure of his manhood, he is become an independent, self-reliant, But besides the drawbacks in the learning of the schools, the educated ne self-respecting man, and to be made fully competent to discharge well gro in the United States, in the enjoyment of the advant,ages of culture, has the high responsibilities and duties of life, he must finally rely upon come in contact, throughout the period of his training, with influences which himself; he must elevate himself in the moral, social, and industrial warp him in the direction of self-depreciation, even more powerfully than the books which he reads or the tea-Oliers to whom he listens. '!'he instruction of scale by his own exertions, by his own self-assertion. the schools does, to a certain extent-perhaps to a grea~ extent-improve, bu,t it To do this effectually, he must have a fair chance in an open field. can neither reverse nor superi;ede the far more efficient education which con)es Can he be expected to accomplish this, can it be expected for him, from the experiences of daily life, which, under the shadow and amid the scenes and associations of bis en "Week in, week out, from morn till night," slavement? Can he throw off the feeling and sense of dependence and control and give direction to the mind. Living as the wards of a people who, out of their ow:n habitat, instinctively inferiority which enshroud him in the surroundings of his former dread deterioration, the Joss of vitality and vigor, and who belieye that their debased condition? Take him a.way from them and allow his pulse of existence and growth depend upon constant self-assertion, as against a.ll alien commerce, and who therefore can neither give place noi"opportunity to their freedom to throb unobstructed by the memories and associations of his former slaves, the African must be subjected to experiences which, in spite of servile bondage. I am not one of those who believe in the total, hope the training received in the schools, must warp thefn. out of the moral and intel less depravity of the negro race. I believe there are great possibilities lectual perpendicular and incline them to the attitude and practices of the creat in store for him. I believe if this Government will do its duty by him, ure who either climbs or crawls. Bishop H. M. Turner, of the African Meth odist Episcopal Church, is constantly calling attention, in his outspoken and instead of coaching and confusing him with civil rights and empty energetic style, to the disadvantages of the negro in America; but nowhere statutes, if it will render him substantial assistance in hisstrugglefor bas he given a more vivid presentation of the dreary and discourngin1t subject regeneration and real freedom, be will illuminate the dark con tinent than in a recent short article in the Quarterly Review of his church. To some his picture will p erhaps appear as a repulsive photograph. Still, he writes with of his fathers with the light of Christianity and law. I am not alone a kindly indignation, with a deep and fervid earnestness, and a surprising hu in this opinion; eminent white men and eminent black men share it. mor and fun that compel attention. He says: I hold in my hand a volume entitled "Christianity, Islam, and the "I need not repeat my well-known convictions as to the future of the race. I think our stay in this country istbut temporary at most. Nothing will remedy Negro Race,'' by Rev. E.W. Blyden, a pure-blooded, genuine African, the evils of the negro but a great Christian nation upon the continent of Africa. . which I commend to the consideration of Senators if they desire to get White is God in this country, and black is the devil. 'Vhite is perfection, great intelligent information on this subject. He says, on page 396 of the ness, wisdom, industry, and all that is high and holy. Black is ignorance, deg radation, indolence, and all that is low and ,·Ile; and three-fourths of the col second edition: ored people of the land do nothing day and night but cry, 'G~ory, honor, After this survey of the nature of the difficulties which confront and attend dominion, and grea•ness to White.' l\lany of our so-ca.lied leading men are con European effort in Africa, we are forced to the conclusion-which any careful taminated with the accursed disease or folly, as well as the thoughtless masses; reader will haye seen was with us, from our protracted experience and observa and as long as such a sent.iment pervades the colored race the powers of Heaven tion on the spot, a foregone conclusion-that the instruments for the regenera can not elevate him. No race of people can rise and manufacture better con tion of this continent a.re the millions of Africans in the western hemisphere, ditions while they hate nnd condemn themselves. A man must believe he is ,;' where, after nigh three hundred years of residence, they are still considered as somebody before he is acknowledged to be somebody. Hundreds of our most strangers. It seems to us that European and American workers for Africa educated young men will put on as many airs over a position that requires them should recognize this fact; and those nations who actively co-operated in the to dust the clothes of white men as a superior man would over an appointment work of their deportatioµ should as earnestly co-operate in the work of their to the President's Cabinet. I deny that God himself could make a great man rest-0ra.tion. Thi
alien land at least he ha.s not the independent vitality which gains respect for the equator to a condition which made him fit to become a citizen of::. its originality and strength; at best he is but a. weak imitator of his old en slavers. What may be the future of the Dark Continent and its inhabitants is free Republic in the temperate zone. .A. t least those who endowed him one of the great problems of the world. But it is my own conviction that the could not have thought slavery such a debasing, degrading condition, tribes and peoples which have been sold from it into slavery will never reach the for they launched him, full panoplied, out of a state of slavery into height of perfect manhood in the countries of their exile until the race from which they spring develops a new endemic civilization in Africa. * * * the dazzlinglightof a freeman. It can not be, therefore, that he worked The new experiment with the African must be made in his own magnificent for the white without reward. home." • • • • • * • I do not undervalue the worth of the labor of the negro in what was ..... Daniel Webster- · accomplished in the way of material development in the South; but what would or could he have accomplished without his master? All Says this author further- that I mean to say is that but for that kind of labor the South would Daniel WebsterJ in almost the last public addres.c:i he made, said solemnly, as from the verge ot the eternal world : have been far ahead of her present developement; that is all. Nor do " Gentlemen, there is a Power above us which sees the end of all things from I ignore the strength of thenegro's attachment to his home. Compara the beginning, though we see it not, Almighty God is His own interpreter of tively few of them have homes. Besides, the average American citizen, the ways of His own providence; and I sometimes contemplate with amaze ment-and, I may say, with adoration-events which have taken pliwe through white or black, or the citizen of any country, rarely permits sentiment the instrumentality of the cupidity and criminality of men, designed, never to deter him from moving when he thinks he can better his condition. theless, to work out great ends of benefieence and goodness by our Creator. Hundreds of thousands, yea millions of both races have turned their * " * African slaves were brought hither to the shores of this continent almost simultaneously with the tread of a white man's foot upon this our North backs on the places of their births, the graves of their ancestors, their America. We see in that-our short-sightedness only sees-the effect of a de ancestral homes, and plunged into the depths of an unknown, untried sire of the white man to appropriate to himself the results of the labor of the country. It is only necessary to look around in this Senate to find an black man as an inferior and a slave. Now let us look at it. "These negroes and all who have succeeded them,broughthither as captives, exemplification of this truth. taken in the wars of their own petty provinces, ignorant and barbarous, with Nor do I underestimate the obligations we are all under to this .race out the knowledge of God and with no reasonable knowledge of their own for their fidelity and most praiseworthy conduct during our depleting character and condition, have come here, and here, although in a subordinate, in an inferior, in an enslaved condition, have learned more and come to know civil strife. Whatever fate the future may have in store for him, noth more of themselves and of their Creator than all whom they have left behind ing can deprive the negro of this record: nothing can destroy or oblit them in their own barbarous kingdoms. It would seem that this is the mode, erate the strong ties of affectionate kindness between himself and his as far as we can judge, this is the destiny, the rule of things established by Providence, by which knowledge, letters, and christianity shall be returned former master. I would not have it disturbed by the rude hand of by the descendants of those poor, ignorant barbarians who were brought here protracted antagonism. as slaves to the country from which they came." I repeat, sir, it is for his good and the good of his future generations, Hon. Edward Everett, in one of his inimitable orations, said: ''Mark the providence of God, educing out of these natural disadvantages as well as for the good of the white man and his descendants, that I (disadvantages to man's apprehension) and this colossal moral wrong-the Af would have him more generally distributed among the great masses of rican slave trade; out of these seemingly hopeless elements of physical and his white fellow-citizens, from whose energy and thrift and enlighten moral evil; out of long cycles of suftering and crime, of violence and retribu tion, such a.shistoryca.n nowhere parallel-educing, I say, from these elements, ment and progress he can gather hope and an inspiring example in by the blessed alchemy of christian benevolence, the means of the ultimate re his struggle for an equal chance in life until such time as an all-wise generation of Africa.. * * • All other means have been tried in vain. Pri Providence, if He should so determine, shall shift the star of. his des vate adventure has miscarried; strength, and courage, and endurance, almost superhuman, have languished and broken down; well-appointed expeditions, tiny to brighten up and bless the home of his ancestors. If that time fitted out under the auspices of powerful associa.tions and powerful Govern is near at hand-and who so bold as to say it is not?-Iwantthis great ments, have ended in calamitous failure; and it is proved, at. last, that the Cau Government, committed to the promotion of human happiness and hu casian race can not achieve this long-deferred work. "When that last noble expedition, which was sent out from England-I t.bink man progress even in the dark recesses of benighted Africa, to turn a in the rear 1841-under the highest auspices, to found an agricultural settle willing ear to the demand and help along the good work. ment m the interior of Africa, ascended the Niger, every white man out of And what, sir, do some of the most prominent of that race say upon one hundred and fifty sickened; all but twoorthree-ifmymemoryserves me died; while of their dark-skinned assofjiates-also one hundred and fift.y in that subject? This same Rev. Edward W. Blyden, the eminent negro number-with1 all the added labor and anxiety that devolved upon them, a few scholar, has written a strong letter to the News and Courier, inclosing only were sick; and they, individuals who had passed years in a. temperate.cli one from Professor Henry .A.. Scomp, of Emory College, Oxford, Ga., mate, and not one died. I say ai;rain, sir, you Caucasian, you proud Anglo Saxon, you self-sufficient·, all-attempting white man, then you can not civilize on the subject of the emigration of the negroes. Africa. You have subdued and appropriated Europe; the native races are melt Dr. Blyden was in Aiken at the conference of the .African Methodist ing before you in America, as the untimely snows of April before a vernal sun; Church and created quite a sensation by his intelligence and earnest you have possessed yourself of India; you menace China and Japan; the re motest isles of the Pacific are not distant enough to escape your grasp nor insignif advocacy of the emigration of his race. icant enough to elude your notice; but Central Africa confronts you and bids He says for himself: you defiance. Your squadrons may range or blockade her coast, but neither on the errands of peace nor on the errands of war can you penetrate the interior. There is no subject dearer to the hundreds of thousands of negroes than tho "The God of Nature, no doubt for wise purposes, however inscrutable, bas return to the land of their fathers. I ha>e been very forcibly impressed by the drawn across the chief inlets a. cordon you can not break through. You may very widespread interest in the subject-the general desire to emigrate-which hover on the coast, but you dare not set foot on the shore. Dea.th sits portress a.t I have observed in the State of South Carolina. the undefended gateways of her mud-built villages. Yellow fevers, and blue If Congress should make the provision for their departure now recommended plagues, and intermittent poisons, that you can se~as well as feel, a.wait your there would be no difficulty in finding those ready to M•ail themseh·es of it; approach as you ascend the rivers. .Pestilence shoots from the mangroves the difficulty would be in avoiding adventurers, who would hasten to put them selves under Government patronage and become prominent recipients of its that fringe their noble banks; and the glorious sun, which kindles all inferior / nature into teeming, bursting life, darts disease into your languid system. No, benefits, but who, on arriving in Africa, would be sure, as Professor Scomp sug you are not elected for this momentous work. The Great Disposer, in another gests, to send back doleful accounts from that El Dorado. branch of His family, has chosen out a race, descendants of this tonid region, EMORY COLLEGE, Oxford, Ga., December 7, 1889. children of this vertical sun, and fitted them by ages of stern discipline for the gracious achievement. DEAR SIR: Your favor of the 3d t-0 hand and read with interest. I am grati fied at the interest in my Forum article which prompted you to write me. " 'From foreign realms and lands remote, I have felt from my childhood very great interest in the success of Liberia, Supported by His care, and even then I thought that one day Liberia might be the ultimate solution of They pass unharmed through burning climes, the negro slavery problem. Since then the slave has become a. freedman, and And breathe the tainted air.' now the question rests in his own volition as to whether or not Africa is to- be "Sir, 1 believe the auspicious work is begun; that Africa will be civilized bis future home. civilized by her offspring and descendants; I believe it. because I will not think I have in later years felt much discouraged as to Liberia's future, since, from that this mighty and fertile region is to remain forever in its present state; be the best accounts which I hiwe had, the colonists instead of progressing were cause I can see no other agency adequate tot.he accomplishment of the work, actually fa.st retrograding. This I have attributed chiefly to the contact into and I do behold in this agency a. most mysterious fitness.'' which the uneducated negroes were brought with the heathenism of the natives. As I expressed it in the Forum, I have thought that if a large intiux of the But, returning to the inquiry why should the negro remove from most intelligent and industrious American negroes could be poured into Li the Southern States? The argument is presented in some quarters beria, and thereby exert an overpowering influence in favor of civilization, the after this fashion: He furnished labor unrequited to the white man tide might be turned into the other direction. But the great difficulty in get ting that class to go and in getting them settled after their arrival has been to for two centuries or more; he felled the forest; he cultivated the soil; my mind an almost insupera ble obstacle to the scheme. he developed the country for his white master without.reward. Why It is clear that the negro's mind must be turned towards Africa, if the Liberian should he leave, now that he is a free American citizen in a position to Republic is to be built up. The r emoval of nations across the ocean is a mighty task, even with all our modern facilities. Yet I regard it as by no means im work for himself and to endow himself with the riches of his own toil? possible. First of all, the negro must be convinced that it is to his interest to He has strong local attachments, and the South is his home, and so on. emigrate thither. Then the best of the race must act a.s pioneers of the move ·- This is all very plausible, but it will not stand the test of a fair anal ment, for on the success of the first emigrants will depend largely the future success of the effort. ysis. In the first place, I assert, what I believe is not denied, that That the separation of the races must eventually take place is to my mind a. the institution of slavery retarded and hindered the material develop foregone conclusion. How it may be effected with the best results for both is ment of those States where it existed. Certainly so as compared with the problem. * • • . . In an article of mine in the October number of the Magazine of American His· -... their sister free States. The negro, however, should not be held re tory I have traced from old MSS. the story of the coming of the negro to Georgia., sponsible for that, for we mu.st assume that his slavery was involuntary. and much of the narrative applies to the other colonies. 13ut he did not labor without reward. He was brought here a savage, As before said, only the best. negroes should be the pioneers in any emigration enterprise. The lazy and thriftless would send back doleful accounts from with the horrible and revolting experiences of the middle passage on El Dorado and Paradise even, were it possible, and so discourage future emigra slave-ships. The restraints and discipline of slavery, in the main hu tion. mane and kind. accompanied. I admit, by instances of cruelty and op I believe in Government aid to the enterprise, furnished annually and under strict limitations, until the work shall be accomplished, or at least shall reach pression, enabled his darkened mind to catch the light oi christianity an independent footing. Many years must be required for the task. and intelligence, and :finally transformed him from the nude savage of One feature which I regard as ominous lo the future of most of the Southern .XXI-40
·'·. ·,· ... " 626 CONGRESSIONAL· RECORD-SENATE\ J ANU.A.RY 16,
negroes is the stea-Oy and rapid improvement in machinery in all dep.artments emancipation. Tbe uncivilized part of the community, those who live in tha of the cotton plantation industry-e. g., less than two months ago there was remote di~tricts from the coast, are not by any means s&vage. exhibited at the Georgia State fair, at Macon, a machine for chopping cotton "Except the natural increase of the populntion there is a very little immigra by which one man, upon kind of buggy-plow, could in one day do the work tion. The colonization company only brings about seventy-five or eighty peo by hor e-power of more than a dozen ordinary choppers. Such machinery gen ple into the country, but it could take a. great many more if it bad the facilities. erally introduced must, for the most pa.rt, put an end to the plantation negro's "I have been lecturing through the South and \Vest among my people since I summer work and his means of subsistence. have been here, telling them of the great advantages of Liberia.. There are · Ma.ny efforts, too, are making at the mvention ofa proper cotton-picking ma over 200,000 people who would willingly go back if they could. I believe col chine, and thou~h this has not yet succeeded to any great degree, yet American onization will solve the question of the future of the colored race better than ingenuity will undoubtedly prove equal to the task of invention. When that any other thing that has ever been devised. day comes the mass of Southern negroes will be practically out of an occupation "Many of them, of course, will claim that this is their country, and they nave and without a. livelihood. They should look to the future with reference to the the right to remain here if they so desire. No one will gainsay that, but by im good of their race. I fear they will not see their true interest until too late to migration they take themselves out of the position of dependents upon the avail themselves of the advantages offered in advance. white race, and go to a country filled with greater possibilities for them than l\Iost unfortunately, Southern negroes are almost wholly in the power of this country can ever afford. dirty politicians and debauching saloon-keepers. Their vote!! and political in "Our country is governed entirely by negroes and is modeled upon the system fluence have a market value, which party pla.tformsa.nd low politicians calculate of the United States. Every man is free and has an equal voice in all govern upon. A negro should learn above all things that every groggery-keeper is ment matters. The emigrant, if he proves a good citizen, can make him elf to all intents his natural enemy. \Vhile this debaucher may drag down the somebody, and thel'e is always a chance for his advancement, both politically white man, he prevents, at the same time, the negro from getting up. The and socially. negro ought to be the sworn and eternal enemy of the saloon. " What does the Libe!"ian Government ·. -" . \ ., ...... "' •... ' -· '•" ' 1890. CONGRESSIONAL R'ECORD- SENATE. 627 marry all the black: women, and in God's name let them be so married. The rying of white people with negroes. I will add one word further, which is judge reple!!I U!!I with the terrible enormities that take place by the mixture of this; That 1 do not understand that there is any case where an alteration of the tho ra.ces; that the infel'ior bears the superior rlown. social and political relation of the negro and the white man can be made ex cept in the State Legislature-not in the Congress of the United States-and as A.gain, on the 17th of Jnly, Mr. Lincoln sai~ at Springfield: I do not really apprellend the approach of any such thing myself and as Judge When our Government wa.s established we had the institution of sla'Very Douglas seems to be in const&nt horror that some such danger is rapidly ap among us. We w~re in a certain sense compelled to tolerate its e.xistenee. It proaching, I propose as the best means to pre>ent it that the judge be kept at was ::i. sort of neeessity. We ha.d gonetbroughours,ruggle and secured our in home and placed in the State Legisl:.\ture to fight the measure. I do not pro dependenco. The framers of the Constitution found the in titation amongst pose dwelling longer at this time on this subject. the other institutions at the time. They found that by an effort to eradicate it they might lose much of what they had already gained. They were obliged to I have also an extract from a speech of .Judge David M. Key, who I• bow to the neces'iity. They gave power to C '. '• : ,/ - ·· ... . ' . ~ ' . • ."J . - . '· I 628 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SEN.ATE. JANUARY 16, prrieuce. These race antagonisms, or aversions, or incongruities ap tion fairly and humanely? Is there no subject, whether economic, pear to obt.'lin even among different branches of the great Aryan stem. moral, religious, or social, which can be considered without injecting 1'he Anglo-Saxon and the Celt, the Teuton and the Latin, the Slav into the discussion sectional and party considerations? Is there not ,. and the fu3Stllman, and others all appear at cross and irreconcilable some topic of public import which we can make common cause of and purposes with each other. How much stronger, then, must it be between adjust without the burden and blinding influence of party bias? I the Caucasian and the African and the Caucasian and the Indian or should welcome such a day as a new era in our history from which t.o Mongolian? The Indian, it was said, would not work or cultivate the date better hopes for the perpetuity of a constitutional republic. ways of peace of American progress, and he bad to go. The Chinaman Mr. HOAR. I ask that the pending order may be informally laid worked too cheaply. He underbid the white man on the Pacific coast aside-- with his labor and his thrift, but he would not assimilate with our in Mr. BLAIR. I wish to say a word on the pending order before that stitution~. and '~as set upon. is done. The nt".!ro underbids the white man with his labor and his limited The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. COCIIBELL in the chair). The wan ls an~l h!\bits of life. He can not assimilate with the white man Senator from Massachusetts asks unanimous consent that the regular and remain a negro. order be informally laid aside in order that he may submit some re I am aware, sir, th~ there is a grave apprehension in many parts of marks. the country that if the negro should move no other labor can be se l\Ir. BLAIR. I ask the Senator to withhold his request for a mo cured to till the soil and work the mines. He can not·, and will not, ment. be content with the3e avocations. A simifar fear was entertained when Mr. HOAR. My purpose was to say a few words in regard to what the slaves were emancipated, and proved groundless. I haye not so has fallen from the Senator from South Carolina. poor an opinion of my country as to admit that it can not be worked Mr. BLAIR. That was my purpose, and I thoup;ht that the Senator and developed by any other than negro labor, and therefore do not wanted to pass to another subject. Certainly I yield to him. share this apprehension. What the South especially needs, and what ~lr. SPOONER. As to the regular order it is a bill I think in charge she will get if she can be relieved of a part, at least, of her superabun of the Senator from Alabama (Mr. MORGAN] and one in which he is dance of cheap labor, is an immigration of thrifty, intelligent, progress much interested. He is absent, and I think it should not be ta.ken up ive, skilled citizens, freeholders, property-owners, and wealth-produc until his return. The Senator from Vermont [Mr. EDMUNDS] says ers. With such an accession to her population, her marvelous growth that the Senator from Alabama did not wish it ta"ken up in his absence. in tbe last decade, despite her drawbacks, would pale into insignifi He is away because of illness in his family, as I understand. I there cance compared with her future dev~lopment and progre~. No other fore ask unanimous consent that the bill may be informally laid aside, people under heaven could have survived the thralldom of their dismal without losing its place on the Calendar, until his return. environmen l:B of twenty years ago. Mr. EDMUNDS. That is right. And now, Mr. President, to conclude, let me remark that I antici The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Wisconsin asks pate that what I have said will be as.sailed by those who do not and unanimous consent that the pending order, being Senat.e bill 370, may can not understand or appreciate the motins which influence me and be informally laid aside until the return of the Senator from Alabama. those who agree with me. I shall expect to be assailed by those who Mr. PASCO. I gave notice that at the close of the remarks of the wish to make capital for themselves at the expense of the peace and Senator from South Carolina I should ask leave to call up the mes good-will of the country, but I shall bide my time, and neither deviate sage of the President of the United States, so that I might submit some to the right nor left from the line I have marked out for myself. Vitu remarks upon the question of Federal interference with elections, and peration, misrepresentation, aspersions, never settled a controversy I ask to take the floor upon that subject now. and will not settle this. I would to God there was no mce question l\Ir. HOAR. I do not desire to detain the Senate· more than five in this country. I sincerely wish that I might never feel called on to minutes. refer to such a topic, but I can not shut my eyes to conditions contin Mr. PASCO. I was about to state that I have been requested by the ually confronting me and clamoring for adjustment. I do not;want Senator from Massachusetta to give way for a few minutes to him and to transmit to those who come after me the inheritance which I re I cheerfully do so, but I desire, after he bas yielded the floor, to sub ceived, of undetermined, unadjusted race issues. It is very easy for mit my remarks, for I expect to be absent from the Senate next week those convmientlyremote from these conditions to indulge themselves and I should like to conclude my remarks to-day. in self-satisfying theories and abstractions, but to those surrounded, by Mr. SPOONER. May I ask the Senator from Florida to permit this day and by night, by such moral, social, industrial, and political em request for unanimous consent to be disposed of? barrassments, the subject will not down. It is not an uncommon thing The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there objection to the request of to have men say: "Let the negro alone; he makes a good peasant class; the Senator from Wis·consin? The Chair hears none, and that order is he is the best laborer we can get for the cotton fields,'' etc. made. The Senator from Massachusetts is entitled to the :floor on the Do not all such forget that there is no such thing as a ''peasant class'' bill of the Senator from South Carolina [Mr. BUTLER]. under our form of government? Do they forget that the negro is a free Mr. HOAR. l\Ir. President, there are some things which have been American citizen, entitled by virtue of his citizenship, if on no other waiting to be said in the Senate of the United States for a good while account, to equality before the law with the foremost citizen of the in regard to the question which has been discussed this morning by the Jand-equality of opportunity, equality of rights? Senator from South Carolina [Mr. BUTLER] and the other day by the No, sir; you can not afford to let him alone unless you are prepared Senator from Alabama [Mr. MORGAN]. If nobody else says them, I to admit, what no man has ever dared affirm, that he is the equal of propose to attempt the performance of that duty. But it is not my the Anglo-Saxon in the race of American civilization. It is no dispar purpose w enter upon that subject at any length now. I have simply agement to say this, for no other race has ever stood in his pathway to risen because I think the remarks of the Senator from South Carolina power and undivided dominion and survived. I will say with equal ought not pass from immediate consideration without one or two words emphasis, Mr. President, we can not afford to be unjust to the ne~ro. of comment. He has done nothing to deserve it. He has long enough lieen made the I wish to express my gratification and high respect for the tone and foot-ball of contending factions. He has been made to suffer enough temper, as well as the ability and eloquence, with which the Senator between ''the upper and nether millstone'' of opposing forces. Justice from South Carolina has presented his own views. I am very free to to the negro should go hand in hand with justice to the white man and say that, coming .from a community where it is impossible that this to our civilization. question should not have stirred to their very d~pths the f~elings of a And surely there ought to be sense enough, patriotism and good feel people brave and spirited, and, like other brave and spirited races, - ing enough, to settle this phase of the race question without more ado highly emotional, I think it is remarkable that so calm and in style I• or trouble. Reviewing the contest over the other phase of it, long, and manner so philosophic a treatment of this subject should have bitter, and intolerant as it was, in the light of its terrible consequences come from the honorable Senator, of which I have nothing but admira and the issues at stiake, and in the calm atmosphere of historic criti tion to express. But at the same time it seems to me that the propo cism, it does seem that it too ought to have been adjusted in a different sition which the Senator makes is one of the most astonishing ever manner. We boa.st of the enlightenment and toleration and catholicity heard in the legislative history of the Senate or in the legislative his which grow out of free discussion in a free republic, and yet when a tory of any free, civilized, and prosperous people. grave question of public policy is presented for action the demon of The United States iR at this moment, as it has been since the close party 1s too apt to seize upon, distort, and pervert it, and drive calm of the war, growing in wealth, in strength, in population, so that it deliberation from its consideration by the fierce desire for party advan has become not only the wealthiest people on the face of the earth, but tage and supremacy. Philanthropy, humanity, the public good, the the people among whom, in spite of some few instances of enormous preservation and practice of conservative policies in governmental ad fortunes, wealth is the best distributed. The laboring man has gained ministration, are all swept away before the unreasoning mob of party in larger proportions than anywhere else his share of this abundant ambition, leaving the wrecks of shattered wisdom and sagacity strewn harvest of wealth and happiness, of education and of family delight. in its desolating pathway. Still the demand for labor keeps more than abreast of the general Is it not about time, Mr. President that the thinking men of this growth of the country, and from all climes under the snn, from sunny country, men who have some concern for the future welfare of coming Italy, from beautiful Spain, from Lisbon, that jewel of the earth, from generations as well as the temporary triumph of party, should meet England, from Ireland, from the Scandinavian nations of the north, upon the common plane of the general good and dispose of this ques- from Germany, and from distant Russia the laborers are thronging, the .. - .. : ...... ,..,_' ·-. .- . .. , ... ' • • .,,.!' '~ • :. . . . 1890. CONGRESSIONAL · RECORD-SENATE. • • ~ I 629 steps all one way, in their eager desire to share this harvest of national not live together in harmony, and in peace, and in freedom, and in pros~erity and of national glory. honor under the institutions and laws of this Republic. If that be Yet, in the Senate of the United Stat.es a proposition is m~ de that by true, then is the Declaration of Independence a lie. If that be true, the forces of the nation, aided by its Treasury, promoted and stimu then the Constitution of the United States and the constitution of lated by all the strength of its legislative power, millions of our labor every .American State, North and South, without an exception, rest ers, born upon our soil, every one of them entitled under our Constitu on rottenness. If that be true, then is the religion in which we have tion to every right which the proudest or the most fortunate posse.i;;ses, been bred, which teaches human equality and that God has made of are to be deported to what the honorable Senator bas justly styled the one blood all nations of the earth, itself but a solemn mockery and a "dark region of the Dark Continent," to that black and dismal cavern solemn falsehood. which the foot of the white man has. carcelypenetrated from the founda We have never tried this question, and we have no rightto ask a sin tion of the earth, and which, in spite of the recent exploration of our gle colored man to turn his back on this country o~ on any community illustrious fellow-citizen, is less known to the writer of history to-day in it until we have given him his opportunities of citizenship under the than it was when the Father of History attempted his description of same conditions which in every State constitution in this rountry, with it three hundred years before the birth of Christ. The proposition of scarcely an exception, we declare are absolutely essential to white men the Senator from South Carolina is that we are to begin this \)rocess hy living together in peace and in progress and in harmony under a free taking the best educated, the most intelligent, industrious, and moral constitution. We write in our State constitutions that an education '. - of that class of our la.borers, leaving behind, for the time being at any for the whole people is essential to and inseparable from a sucpe..._qgful rate, the ignor:int, the immoral, the paupers, and those who, as be administration of a republican form of government. In some of the says, in some regions are going backwards in the scale of civilization. States we proceed to mortgage every dollar of the property of men, Mr. BUTLER. Will the Senator allow me? . rich and poor, as security for the pledge of the State to carry it out. Mr. HOAR. Certainly. There is not a dollar of the wealth of the millionaire of Boston or of New Mr. BUTLER. Of course the Senator does not desire to put me in York or of Philadelphia upon which does not rest the burden, before he a false position by what he has stated, but he has not stated my propo has a right to touch it for his own luxuries or his own needs, of con sition, I think, with exact accuracy. tributing not only its share, but whatever shall be necessary to the ed Mr. HOAR. I should be very glad to have the Senator state it. ucation of the poorest child within the borders of those States. It is Mr. BUTLER. The Senator puts me in an attitude of taking cer not confined to those States, of course. That is the American doctrine. tain classes of the negro population and d<'porting them to Africa. I The American doctrine applied to the white men and where white men have made no such proposition. What I have stated and what! think are looking out for themselves alone is that the right of the poor man's de irable is that, if they should choose to go of their own motion, vol child to education is a prior and more sacred right than that of the rich untarily, the Government ought to aid them, which is quite a different man to his wealth. proposition to faking and deporting them. I am not here to reproach the Senator from South Carolina or those Mr. HO.AR. I understand the Senator to suggest this, whether it is who act with him in opposition to me in this matter. We undertook to be accomplished by an appeal to the negro and by persuading him to put four million of colored men upon these communities at the South that the dark and cavernous region of the interior of Africa is a better after the war and to girn them the full and equal rights of citizenship '•, place for him than this paradise of labor which we hold up to the de which we had declared over and over again in the constitutions which sire of the rest of the world, or by physical constraint, because there all of us swore to support at home, without securing for them this op being superior he can develop where he can tiot here . . portunity, this chief~ this ample, this abundant security. ·As I said, I I do not understand that the honorable Senator has put or that the do not say this by way of reproach to my political opponents. It is Senator from Alabama pat this proposition on any ground of the nat Republican eyes that have been blind; it is Republican statesmanship ural unfitness of the negro for American citizenship. The phrase "an that has been dull; and men trusted by Republicans with important inferior race '' has been used once or twice, but I do not understand national functions that have been unable to see what they were doing that any advocate of this proposition so far bas alleged that there is at the time they did it. any natural inferiority on the part of the negro so considerable as to We have no right to ask the negro, in the first place, therefore, to render him unfit under the same influences of education and oppor turn his back on America till we can point to a generation of negro tunity which surround bis white fellow-citizen for fulfilling the duties children educated a.<\ well as mine or yours are educated, and say that and enjoying the privileges and prerogatives of American citizenship. they have failed in the duties and functions of citizenship, and that .And, indeed, I think we m!\y dismiss that consideration. they can not live in equality and in peace and in justice with their Whatever the negro has been and bas done under the influences of white fellow-citizens. barbarism and slavery and of oppression, he bas already given abun Then there is another thing. We have no right to declare negro dant evidence, by favorable examples and instances of his race, of his citizenship a failure or negro residence in this country an impossibil capacity for the highest tasks and the highest places. No member of ity until we haye given him the full, perfect, and free example of jus the Senate on either side of this Chamber, as I am sure the honorable tice in the matter of all his civil and political rights, e pecially in the .. - - ' Senator from South Carolina will bear cheerful testimony, ever con matter of his citizenship and his right to vote. Whenever you can ducted himself with more dignity, with more propriety, with more in point to a community in this country where every vote has been hon telligence than the representative of the colored race who occupied a estly cast and every vote cast has been honestly counted, and where seat from the State of Mis3issippi. It was my fortune to serve in the the minority have done their best to aid the majority by counsel, by House of Representatives for eight years when it contained an average example, by assistance in the full discharge of the functions of the of from se>eu to ten colored Representatives from ~outhern States, and State, it will be then time for that community to say that the two I declare, what no gentleman on either side of that House I think would races can not live together. ever question, that there were no ten men in that body who could have l\lr. President, it seems to me, with all deference to the honorable been chosen upon any principle of selection, whatever may have been Senator from South Carolina and his friends, that they are perhaps their politics, whatever may have been the section from w4ich they somewhat short-sighted in regard~ this matter. They like to tell us, came, whatever may have been their opportunities of education, who ''Why, we have a greater stake in thili> matter than you have; you must were better examples of the legislative character for propriety <>f con let us deal witli it; you can not doubt our desire to solve this problem duct, for soundness of judgment, and for ability exhibited in debate justly and honestly and fairly, and it is a matter in which we have of than the Representatives of that race. course a deeper stake than can be felt by those who are at a distance.'' No Southern constituency suffereJ when represented by a colored But I, for one (I may hear it before this session is over), have failed man for the want of care and attention on the part of its Representa t-0 discover on the part of the gentlemen who represent those commu tive. Why, the honorable Senator from South Carolina, who I do not nities any plan, or scheme, or purpose, or proposition from which there understand to have questioned this proposition which I am making, comes to me even a ray of hope. I do not see that you have any pol quoted in his interesting speech quite at Jenll:th from the opinion of icy but a policy of despair. I can not belieYe that you are to induce negro authorities and negro public speakers, whom he s tyled eminent any considerable number of colored people voluntari1y to deport them divines, and I suppose that if those utterances had been made, which seh·es to the cavernous district, to the interior of Africa, or that you are quoted by the Senator fro•n South Carolina, upon either side of will ever get the American people to apply to them any constraint which this Chamber, whether we should have agreed or differed with their will compel such an exudus. All their interests, their associations of ·... conclusions, we should have regarded them as fitting and appropriate family, of nativity, of ancestry, are here. They are here not only with utterances for the place. No higher praise can be given than to say out their fault, but they are here in their right, and they love the coun that the opinions of these negro gentlemen were quoted with high re try as we love it. spect by the honorable Senator from South Carolina, and made a part Without adverting to the fact that the question whether the Presi of his own speech, he being, as we all know, one of the foremost ex dent of the United States is elected by a majority or whether his elec amples in this country of the ability and achievements of the race to tion is the record of the result of processes of crime dr fmud; without whfoh he and I belong. adverting to the fact that the votes of two Northern Senator.;; may be It is not, therefore, that these men are not fit, or can not be made overthrown by the votes of Senators who do not represent the result of fit, for freedom that this proposition is urged. It is simply put upon constitutional elections in their own States, still we stand in the rela this ground, that the nature of things, or the nature of man, is such tion to these people of countrymen, of friends, and of fellow· Ameri that men of different race, and especially of different complexion, can cans. As I said, it seems to me that when our brethren on the other 1 • ; . ,: . ' . "'• .· ,. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SEN.ATE. JANUAl{.Y 16, ·' L • 630 side of the Chamber ask us to be silent and indifferent on this matte;r lie, and civilized, I might well say, in comparison with a large propor and to leave it to them, they ought at least to come to us with some tion of our own people, North as well as South. other plan or suggestion than a proposal to continue the present proc Mr. President, I believe that if instead of exporting these 8, 000, 000 esses and conditions until this race volunt.arily or involuntarily should colored people we should export to Africa 10,000judiciously-selected be deported to the interior of Africa. white people and keep them there the whole difficulty would be set- ' M.r. President, it seems to me this is a most terrible question. No tled. I really believe, sir, that the difficulty, the race problem, exists different classes of the same white race ever lived toµ;ether as equals in the excited imaginations and in the ineradicable prejudices of a few under such conditions as are imposed upon the negroes in this country. white men, and that it by no means exists as a real problem between Look at Ireland. Look at her eight centuries of wrong and horror and the races themselves. oppression and crime under the heel of English tyranny. Yet the Irish There seems to be a feeling on the part of a large number or ::i. cer were a spirited, brave, intellectual, and moral race. tain proportion of our fellow-citizens, and it comes here in debate, that The learned Senator on the other side says that there are barriers be either we are under compulsion to murder negrocs or to marry them tween these two races. What are the barriers? What is the ri::ason one of the two things. We must kill them or we must assimilate. why a young man who comes out of Amherst or Harvard College, black The doctrine was advanced in those express words, or substantially in as the ace of spades, as I have known seveml instances, among thefi1st that form of expression, by the Senator from Alabama. Now, Mr. scholars in bis class, with all the ornament and attraction and grace President, I am unable to conceive of that state of things. I do not of the character of the scholar and the character of the gentleman, liv understand what incomprehensible and irresistible impulse there is that ing there as he does on t rms of such absolute equality that he scarcely m::ikes it unavoidable that the whites should either murder or should would know himself that he were a negro if be did not look into the marry the inferior race. I can not understand it and I do-not believe glass, can not go anywhere in this country an¢!. perform such duties in in it, Si!. I believe that a course of lectures upon the sixth and seventh life as his education bas fitted him for without being the victim of race commandments would settle the whole thing, and that we ought not antagonism and oppression? to hear any more of this doctrine whfoh, to my mind, is an absurdity Is there any barrier in this world to the negroes li\·ing in peace and and an insult to our common humanity, to those higher and better in honesty and in the enjoyment of citizenship in this country, to his di tid stincts which belong to both races alike, and which if appealed to ing among the two parties just as the German divides among them, would remedy this difficulty. just as the Swede divides um<>ng them, just as the Irishman divides But the main object which I had in rising· at this time was simply among them, just as the American divides amoug them, except that the to stato a fact.. The last Report of the Commissioner of Education, \. white race say that they will not permit that thing to be done? I himself a. distinguished Southern gentleman, states that the common should like to know what this ba.rrier is or what the barriers are that we scbool system of thia country has reached its culmination of develop have heard of from my honorable friend from South Carolina. ment and during the last year it has rather retrograded than advanced Mr. President, there are men in the public service of the country in in the country at large and in many of the Southern States; that, al this Hall whose public service goes back for a period of nearly forty though in a few of them there has been a slightly increased expendi years, and it is to be pre urned that there are in this or the other Honse ture for schools, the schools have diminished in efficiency; and that of Congress men who are to look forward to an equal term of usefulness thq have diminished in the numbers of those who attend tbem. and honor in tbefuture. When that term shall be completed the8,000,- I call the attention of the Senate to what the Commissioner shows, 000 negroes in this country will be 50,000,000, and they will be found and I desire the fact to go to the country now, because it is the only where they are now, found where the natural law of their raeeand their fact which I expected to be neces ary to establish in the sub.sequent de constitution and of climate and soil ancl health will attra.:!t them and bate upon the ednc..'ltional bill. I call, I say, theattention ofthe Sen will keep them. They will be found in that belt of States which con ate now, in reply to the innumerable misrepresentations and lies that -.. ;· .. stitutes the old slaveholding region of this country, and what are you are afloat in the country upon this subject, to the fact that according going to do with them? What have you got to tell us when you ask to that 83.me report, which is being quoted and misrepresented by those us to leave this question wholly to you and to let a white minority who are opposed to the educational bill (which has been sug1Yested elect Legislatures and governors and Representatives in Congress and here as a remedy for some of our troubles), the last officially ascertained Senators to make laws for us? What plan have you got which is to expenditure in this country for the maintenance of public schools is turn the present condition of things as it affects 8,000,000 into a con $1i2,000,000, of which entire sum $16,000,000 only is expended in the dition of peace and prosperity, happiness and law, when you have Southern States where these troubles exist. In other words, that, while 50,000,000 of people? in the Southern States they expend only one-eiS?;hth of the entire Mr. BLAIR. The Senator from Florida [Mr. P.a.sco] kindly con amount which is expended throughout the country for the maintenance sented w yield to me five minutes before proceeding with the matter of public schools, they have three-eighths of the children, and their upon .which he desires to addre&:i the Senate, and I shall not trespass population is increasing more rapidly than elsewhere from natural beyond that period. causes. Where the Southern child, white and colored, has $1 for his Mr. PASCO. I think it is useless for me to attempt to go on this education in the common branches of know ledgE.'I, the child of the North afternoon, and I now give notice that immediately after the morning has $3. hour to-morrow I shall ask the indulgence of the Senate to be beard. It should be remembered, too, that of these colored people there is "'1'lr. HARRIS. ~ay the next legislative day. only one at the South where there are two of the white, of our own Mr. P .A.SCO. There bas been no motion yet made to adjourn until race, aud that the necessities of our brothers of our own color to a larger Monday, and I shall call the matter up to-morrow morning, directly number tbau the entire colored population are greater than those of a.ft.er the morning business. the col•red population themselves. This eduC3.tional pro~em, which Mr. HARRIS. If the Senate should adjourn over, the notice will is the only one which can solve the race problem, applies with far more apply to Monday? pertinency to the white than to the colored race at the South, as it does Mr. PASCO. I suppose so; but it was my desire to leave the city also at the North. on Saturday, and I wished to get this matter disposed of before I le~. Sir, I would simply ask that the Senate will remember the fa.et (::i. The Sena.tor from Massachusetts has taken so m ach longer time than he fa.ct easily treasured in the recollection of any Senator) that $1 at the expected that I see no prospect of concluding my remarks if! should com South is expended for schools where there are $3 :.\t the North ex .. mence this afternoon. For that reason I give the notice for to-morrow. pended per ca.pita per child who lives under this neces ity; and fur Mr. BLAIR. The Senator from South Carolina. [Mr. BUTLER], as ther, it is true that throughout the South what you might call the edu did the Senator from Alabama [Mr. MORGAN], absent to-day, who in cational plant, the means of educating the child, is exceedingly, vastly troduced the bill, proposes either a manifest impossibility or an ab inferior to the same machine or instrumentality at the North. The surdity. Unless these 8,000,000 people go, itiaanabsurdity. If they teacher is infer.:Or of neeessity.' The school-honse does not exiRt save are to go, then he propo"es the imposition of a national burden upon only in the more populous and wealthy regions, which include only this country, the bearing of which may well be called an impossibility. a.bout one-fourth or one-firth of the population. I say it does not exist; . .. I s:\y sir, that the natural increllSe of these 8,000,000 people, who it exists only in that rudimentary manner or condition which at the h3ve doublef their children in proportion to their tax ·- Afri~'\ two whe-re they carry one; and unless we resort to legislation, able property, and it comes. to be the fact that with the slio-ht money and to war fa.re almost, in order to ex.elude tbia immfo:ration, which will which they have for the education of their children the means of its be smn,;1tled to our ~ bores if it can not come without restriction, we profitable expenruture a.re lacking, and thus in practical effect the one shall be fillin~ America with absolute savages more rapidly than we dollar, where we have three, which they do expend in the education export those already partially civilized citizens of the American Repub- of their children is often substantially lost. _,' , , .~ ·.. . , .' '• ... ~ l 1890. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SEN.A.TE. : 631 So it is in the short period of their schools, reaching only about two THE CALE...~AR. ". \ thirds of the children of that great section of the country at all, the Mr. TELLER. Mr. President- children of these 25,000,000 peoplfl. By reason of these short terms, Mr. COCKRELL. Let us go to the Calendar. to those who are in the schools of the various States their opportunity Mr. MORRILL. I move that the Senate proceed to the considera - -·, for education is practically lost on account of the inefficiency of in tion of executive business. struction and the fact that any child, North or South, will forget in Mr. TELLER. I ask the Senat.-Or to withdraw that motion and Jet nine months about all that be can learn in three; and so at the end of us go to the Calendar for a few minutes. There are some bills on the their school -life these children leave practically as uneducated as Calendar that ought to be disposed of. when they entered. What is the mere capacity to write one's name? 11r. COCKRELL. Let us go to the Calendar. What advantage is that limited attainment in enabling the American Mr. TELLER. We can get a number ofbillsdisposeclofthatareon citizen to inform himself properly in matters of fact and in matters of the Calendar, if the Senator from Vermont will withdraw the motion. argument upon the great questions which concern the welfare of this Mr. MORRILL. I withdraw it, Mr. President. country-this country which he is to govern and should govern with Mr. TELLER. I call for the regular order. the intelligence of a king, if he is to be a king. The VICE-PRESIDENT. The regular order, which is the Calen .- .. Mr. Presiden~, when we have given the poor white man and the poor dar, is called for. black man and the children of both a chance, nay, half a chance, in ARMY DESERTIO~S. our couutry there will be no need of undertaking this wholesale ex portation of either race t-0 the inhospitable wilds of a savage continent. The VICE-PRESIDENT. The Calendar is now in order and will be proceeded with. ADJOURNMENT TO MONDAY. The first bill on the Calendar was the bill (S. 428) to amend article Mr. EVARTS. I do not rise to take part at present in this debate, 103 of the Rules and Articles of War; which was considered as in Com " . but only to move that when the Senate adjourns to-day it may ad mittee of the Whole. It proposes to amend the one hundred and third ... journ until Monday next. of the Rules and Arti~les of War by adding thereto the following words: The VICE-PRESIDENT. The Senator from New York moves that Xo person shall be tried or punished by a court-martial for desertion inti me when the Senate adjourns to-day it be to me~t on Monday next. of peace and not in the face ofa.n enemy, committed more than two years be· The motion was agreed to. fore the arraignment of such person for such offense, unless be shall meanwhile have absented himself from the United States, in which case the time ofhisab FEDERAL SUPERVISION OF ELECTIONS. sence sha\J be excluded in computing the period of the limitation: Provided, That said limit.ation shall not begin until the end of the term for which said Mr. PASCO. As I have been prevented from making the remarks person enlisted. that I desired to submit to-day, I shall stay over until Monday for that express purpose, and I give notice that I shall call up the Presi The VICE-PRESIDENT. Some Senator-the Chief Clerk has no dent's message on Monday, with a view to submitting some remarks, record of the name-bas indicated in pencil an amendment to be pro immediately after the morning business, on the subject of the Federal posed to the bill. control of elections. Mr. COCKRELL. I proposed au amendment, but I did not make Mr. MORRILL. I believe the Senator from Kansas [Mr. INGALLS] that, though probably it was made at my instance. I propose at the has already given notice that he expects to speak on Monday. end of the bill that the word "enlisted" shall be stricken out and the words ''mustered into the service '' inserted. SAMUEL HEIN. The VICE-PRESIDENT. That is not the one. The one to which the Mr. SPOONER. I move that the Senate proceed to the consideration Chair refers is in line 3, after the word '' third,'' to insert the word of the bill (S. 962) for the relief of Samuel Hein. "article." The amendment will be stated. The motion was agreed to; and the Senate, as in Committee of the The CHIEF CLERK. It is proposed to amend, in line 3, after the Whole, proceeded to consider the bill. word "third," by inserting the word "article;" so as to read: The bill was reported from the Committee on Claims, with an amend That the one hundred and third article of the Rules and Articles of War be, ment, in line 4, after the word "to." to insert "the legal representa and the same is hereby, amended, etc. tives ot:" and in lines 5 and 6, after "survey," to strike out "or his Mr. COCKRELL. There is no objection to that. It is probably a legal representatives;" so as to make the bill read: misprint. That ame~dment should be agreed to. Be it enacted, etc., That the Secretary of the Treasury i!I hereby authorized and The amendment was agreed to. directed to pay to the legal representatives of Samuel Hein, late disbursing agent of the Coast Survey, out of any money not otherwise appropriated, the Mr. COCKRELL. I propose, at the end of the bill, to strike out sum of Sl,285, being the am'ount disallowed by the accounting officers of the the word "enlisted" and insert the words "mustered into the serv Treasury, and pa.id into the Trea.sury by ihe said Ramuel Hein, late disbursing ice;"'"SO as to read: 4 ' a.gent of the Cout Survey; and the accounting officers of the Treasury a.re here by autJ:iorized and directed to pass to the credit of the sa.id Samuel Hein, late Provided, That said limitation shall not begin until the end of the term for disbursing agent of the Coa.st Survey certain vouchers known as the "De which said person was mustered into the service. Haven vouchers," heretofore suspended against the accounts of the said Hein, and to make the necessary transfers on the books of the Treasury to close the The Senat.-Or from Kansas [Mr. PLUMB] desired that change made, accounts of the said disbursing agent. and I see no objection to it. The amendment was agreed to. The amendment was ageeed to. The bill was reported to the Senate as amended, and the amendment The bill was reported to the Senate as amended, and the amend was concurred in. ments were concurred in. The bill was ordered to be engrossed for a third reading, read the The bill was ordered to be engrossed for a third reading, read a third ... third time, and passed. . time, and passed. The title was amended so as to read: "A bill for the relief of the Mr. COCKRELL. I ask,- as a matter of justice to the Judge-Ad legal representatives of Samuel Hein, deceased." vocate-General's corps of the Army, to have printed in the RECORD a statement of the reasons why they have held that this article of war TONNAGE DUES OF SWEDEN AND NORWAY. was not applicable to cases of desertion. 'The VICE-PRESIDENT laid before the Senate the following mes The VICE-PHESIDENT. That order will be made in the absence sage from the President of the United States; which was read, and, of objection. .. with the accompanying papers, referred to the Committee on Foreign Mr. COCKRELL. I will not take the time of the Senate in :reading .. Relations, and ordered to be printed: the letter. It is merely an explanation of the interpretation of that To the Senate and House of ]Upre~entalives: article, so as to show that it is not applicable to deserters. I tranemit herewith a report from the Secretary of State in relation to the The paper is ns follows: claim of the Government of Sweden and Norway, under the tteaty between -. the United States and that Government of July 4, 1827, for the benefit of the WAR DEPAllTME:fll, Washington City, January 10, 1890. lowP.r rate of tonnage dues under the shippinlt acts of 1884 and 1836. DEA.R Sm: The Secretary has informed me that you have expressed 11. wish I recommend the immediate adoption by Congress of the necessary legisla to receive from rue a brief touching the scope of the statute of limitations as tion to enable this Government to apply, in the case of Sweden and Norway, prescribed in the one hundred and third article of war, which I have the honor 1· • the same rule in respect to the levying of tonnage dues under the treaty of 1827 to submit, as follows: as was claimed and secured by this Government under the same instrument in The article in question reads as follows: "No person sha.11 be liable to be 1828. tried and punished by a general court-marlial for any offense which appears to BENJ. HARRISO:N. hM•e been committed more than two years before the issuing of the order for EXECUTIVE MANSIO~, such trial, unless, uy reason of having absented himself or of some other man Washington, January 16, 1890. ifest impediment, he shall not have been amenable to justice within that pe riod." Article 47 provides that "any officer or soldier who, having received RETURN OF DIRECT TAXES. pay or having been duly enlist-eel in the service of the Uniled States, •leserts ago a to the same, shall, in time of war, suffer death, or such other punishment as n. Mr. HAMPTON. A few days I introduced bill (S. 2019) court-martial may direct, and, in time of peace, any punishment, excepting credit and pay to the sernra.l States and Territories and the District of death, which a. c.:>urt-martial may direct." Columbia all moneys collected under the direct tax levied by ·the act The forty-eighth article rE\,tds as follows: "Every soldier who, deserts the _, service of the United States shall be liable to ser•e for such period as shall, with of Co gress approved August 5, 1861, which was referred to the Com the time he may have served previous to his desertion, amount to the full term mittee on Finance· but that committeehavereported a bill in regard to of bis enlistment; and sucll soldier shall be tried by a. court-nui.rtial and pun the ame su~ject-matter, and I thereforea.sk that the bill that I intro ished, allhou~h tho term of his enlistment may have elapsed previous to his be duced may be withdrawn and lie on the table. ing- apprehended and tried." Under the provisions of these articles it WM held unquestioned for a. period The VICE-PRESIDENT. That Grder will be made. of sixty years that the limitations prescribed did not apply to the crime of de- ' -..,,. ., ..,, . - r "'°:·" ' ·- - . ' 632 CONGRESSIONAL REOORD-SENATE. JANUARY 16, sertion, nor to any crime committed, prosecution for which was prevented be "Finally Colonel Leib brought up to Baltimore the rear guard of our routed cause of the offender's absence in desertion. army. On the 13th of July he was appoint.ed inspectQr and chief of cavalry of • This was in accord with the practice pursued in the British service, from the Eighth Army Corps and went to Washington with General Ord, wllere he which t.he article was derived. '£his construction appears to have rested upon assisted in driving the enemy from the gates. In the fall the colonel went on the following grounds: A soldier enters into a contract when he enlists to serve a raid in command of his regiment under General Torbert to Gordonsville, Va. a specified period of time. He can not, after his enlistment, be disconnected They were gone twelve days and had two fights, one at Madison Court-House, from t-he service save by a discharge formally issued. The law holds him tQ a. the other near Gordons>ille. fulfillment of his contract, and when he evades its performance by absence his "In 1865 Colonel Leib participated in the last grand raid under General Sheri act only postpones fulfillment. He is each day evading the performance of his dan. After the battle of Waynesborough be captured with his regiment the contract. He is each day a. d es~rter. No statute of limitations has ever been town of Scottsville, alargeamountofammunitionand provisions, and destroyed held to include capital crimes, and desertion, under certain conditions, is a canallocksand boats. He captured the main railroad bridge over the South Anna. capital crime. The phrase of exclusion, "by reason of having absented him River, three pieces of artillery, and five hundred rounds or ammunition. He self," has been held to relate solely to the unauthorized absence of the criminal finally, with his regiment, reached White House, crossed at Deep Boltom,joined from bis command; that is to say, that he is a fugitive from justice. The rule of the Army of the Potomac, and took part in the battles before Richmond . . ' law which gives to the interpretation placed upon a statute by those contem "Colonel Leib commanded the Fifth Regiment United States Cavalry during porary with its enactment specia l force, and to a continued similar construction the last brilliant campaign, and was severely wounded in the battle of Fiv.:} for many years a binding force that should not be inquired into, has also been Forks, Virginia, a few days before the surrender ofGeneral Lee. He rece ived cited by those who have mainta ined that the construction of the one hundred a gunshot wound which entered the upper right arm and passed through the nnd third article of war heretofore go>erning the administration of justice in body, injuring the lungs. the Army is a sound one. "This sums up as eventful a military career as could be compressed within a Very respectfully, your obedient servant, period of four years for a single individual. It is a record of which any soldier THOMAS F. BARR. can be proud. Hon. F. M. Cocx:RELL, "Maj. Gen. George H. Thomas, in recommending Colonel Leib for promo United Stttles &nate. tion, says: "'He was severely wounded at the battle of Five Forks, and received the EDWARD H. LEIB. brevet of major for" heroic courage" in t-ha.taction, and subsequently, upon the recommendation of General Sheridan, who complimented him on the field, he The Senate, as in Committee of the Whole, proceeded to consider was brevetted lieutenant-colonel for gallant and meritorious services in that battle. Captain Leib is a young officer of i:Teat energy and ability, a strict dis the bill (S. 117) for the relief of Edward H. Leib. It suspends the ciplinarian, brave and gallant on the field of battle, and constant and untiring provisions of law regulatin~ appointments in the Army so far as they in the performance o! his duty. Ite has been constantly in the field and bas affect Edward H. Leib, late captain Fifth United States Cavalry and participated in a very large number of importantcampaigns and battles during the war.' brernt lieutenant-colonel United States Army, and authorizes the Pres· "A.companying the papers filed with this case will be found highly commend ident to nominate and, by and with the advice and consent of the Sen atory personal letters from Maj. Gen. George H. Thomas, Lieutenant-General ate, to appoint Leib to the grade and rank in the Army held at the P.H. ~heridan, l\1aj. Gen. George Stoneman, Maj. Gen. Lew Wallace, Brig. Gen. James Nagle, Brig. Gen. William D. Whipple, Brig. Gen. ,V. H. Emory, General time of his dismissal; and on account of his disabilities, incurred in the Gregg, and other officers under and with whom he served, and a strong recom line of duty, be is to be placed upon the retired-list of the Army with mendation, during the late war, from the leading citizens of the county (Schuyl out regard to the limit fixed by law; but be shall receive no pay ex kill, in Pennsylvania) in which he resided before entering the service, for his .-. , appointment tQ the position of colonel of a Pennsylvania. cavalry regiment. cept from the date of appointment, nor any pension from and after his "On the 19th ofMay,1865,Hon. E. M. Stanton, Secretary of War, by direction full retirement as provided herein. of the President of the United States, commended Colonel Leib on the occasion Mr. EDMUNDS. Let us hear the report read, Mr. President. of transmitting notice of promotion for his dist-inguished services and heroic courage of action. The VICE-PRESIDENT. The report will be read. "During the years 1866 and 1867 Colonel Leib was almost continuously on The Secretary proceeded to read the report, submitted by Mr. CAl\I active duty. During the work of reconstruction be was stationed in >arious ERO:Y, from the Committee on Military Affairs, December 12 1889, States under the order o!the President. 1 "At the breaking out or Indian hostilities on the plains Colonel Leib's regi which is as follows: ment was ordered to the frontier, and during the severe struggles on the border, The Committee on l\lilitary Affairs, to whom was referred the bill (S. 117) for in Kansa.1 and Nebraska, be took: a conspicuous part in the great Indian war of t h e 1·elief of Edward H. Leib, have had the same under consideration, and beg 1868 and 1869, most of the time acting independently and with conspicuous suc le.\ \·e to submit the following report: cess. Thi l>ill having received favorable consideration by the Committee on l\Iili· "Of Colonel Leib's Indian service it might be stated more particularly that ta ry Affairs at the last Congress, it was ordered that the report then submitted he served from UV..>8 to 1877 on the plains, being stationed in Arizona a.nd en b e adopted. gaged against the hostiles in that TerritQry. Previous to that be served in "This blll proposes to restore to his proper rank and promotion itt the Army Kansas, ~ebraska, and Wyoming, taking part in the campaign against the In Edward H . Leib, late captain Fifth United States Cavalry and brevet lieutenant. dians. His la.st campaign was against Sitting Bull, which lasted several months. colonel. Unitecl States Army, and place him, with sueh accrued rank, on the re "Colonel Leib wRS in service from April, 1861, over sixteen years. The best tired-list by reason of di~abilities incurred in the line of duty, without pay for years of his life were spent in the active service of the country, which. from the time he h as been out of the service . wounds, etc., has left him broken in health and unfitted for any manual occu '·This is a peculiar ca.~e. and one which required careful examination by the pation. committee, so that injustice would not be done to either the claima.nt or the "We have traced Colonel Leib's history" from the time he entered the mili Government; and they therefore deem it advisable to go into a somewhat de tary service of the United States in 1861to1&77, when, we are sorry to say, this t ailed statement of the facts presented. brilliant history is marred by unfortunate circumstances that followed, and " Colonel Leib was one of the most gallant soldiers in the lat.e war for the which finally led to his dismiS!!al from a branch of the Government service in suppression of the rebellion. On account of his distingui•hed services and he which he had so highly and honorably distinguished himself, and which he roic and meritorious conduct. on more than fifty fields of battle, he rose rapidly adorned by his heroic courage. from the rank of a private to the position of lieutenant-colonel by brevet. "The record furnished by the War Department shows that Colonel Leib was, •· Colonel Leib entered the Army when he was barely twenty-one years of by sentenpe of a court-martial, dismissed the service on May 9, 1887. age. He left Pottsville, Pa., April 17, 1861, as a private in the w·ashington Ar " '.fhe charges upon which be was tried were mainly those of intoxication, tillery of that town, the first company of troops to reach the seat of Govern· with the usual specifications of conduct unbecoming an officer and gentleman, ment after President Lincoln's caJl for 75,000 men. On the 26th of April, of the neglect of duty, etc. same year, be was commissioned a second lieutenant in the Second U nited "As to his use of liquor to excess1 your committee will endeavor to show in StR.tes Cavalry. On the 10th of June, 1861, he was promoted to a first lieut-en this report that there were mitigatmg circumstances which must not be over ant; on the 13th of .June , 1862, to captain by brevet; on the 26th of April, 1863, looked in arriving at a just conclusion, and which may in part account for his to ca ptn.in, and on the 13th of March, 1865, to major by brevet. On 1\Iarch 30, strange behavior and for the departure from hie previous good conduct, but 186-5, he was brevetted a lieutenant-colonel. which, for some unexplained reason the court-martial took no notice of. ·•The engagements in which Colonel Leib participated during the war were "Upon these charges he was found guilty, nlthou&-h the record shows clearly as follows: thllt as regards certain specifications the offense was technical. "1 61.-Cap,ureof Alexandria,Vt>-., May 23; Blackburn's Ford, July 18; first "The evidence, as shown by the record, is very conflicting, and it docs not battle of Bull Run, July 21. appearthattheaceused was in any wise guilty of neglect or duty upon the chnrire "1862.-Catle tt's Station, Virginia, March 12; Williamsburgh, Va., l\Iay 5 and of absence from bis command. 6; l\Iechanicsville, May 24; Hanoyer Court-House, l\fay Z7; Old Church, June 13. "The main charge was that of drunkenness on several occasions while on For gallantry at this place be received a warm recommendation from l\Iajor duty, on or about October 12 and 13, 1876; also, that while on trial before a gen Genera-1 Emory. bis s uperior commander. eral court-martial, on or a.bout January 25, 1877, this officer appeared before tho "Gafoes's Mills, June 27; Savage Station, Jnne 28; Malvern Hill, July l ; court in an intoxicated condition at Cheyenne, Wyo. Harrison's Land ing, July 3; White Oak Swamp, July 29. Colonel Leib's com "A careful review of the testimony against the accused develops the fact that, man d did picket duty at St. Mary's Church and in front of Ma lvern Hill while while this officer was pronounced to be under the influence of intoxicating 1iquor on the Peninsuia, and brought up the rear guard, under General AverilJ, whe n on various occasions, no overt acts are shown to have been committed, such as the army left the Peninsula. usually follow drukenness. ''South !\fountain, Mary land, September14.; Antietam, September 17; Sharps "It is also shown that opiates were prescribed by the surgeon to allevia te dis burgh, September 19. Colonel Leib and his command then moved to Oldtown, ease under which he was suffering. Cumberland, Md., and Romney, Va. While at the latter place the Confederate "Your committee bas cart!fully read the voluminous proceedings of the two General Stuart made a raid into Maryland a nd Pennsylvania.. Our cavalry courts-mnrtials and finds that the evidence is very contradictory. One witness, forces, commanded by Gen eral Averill, pursued him for over 300 miles . for instance, swears that he saw Colonel Leib under the influence of liquor at I\ "Halltown, Va., eptember 26 and 29; U nion, November 2; U pperville , No certain hour of the day, nnd another witness flatly contradicts that by sl.l\ting vembe r 3; 1.Ianassas Gap, November 4; Little Washin!!;ton, November 7 ; Amos that he was with Colonel Leib at that very hour, and that be SRW nothing unu ville, November 10; second battle of Frederick:sburgh, December 13. sual in his a ction. 'l'he burden of the evidence is undoubtedly in Colonel Leib's "1863.-Kelly's Ford, Virginia , March 17. At this place Colonel Leib com favor. It is Lme cessary to quote what the different witnesses t estify to pro and manded the regiment. This was the first signal ·: ..·' ., . .. \ ...... I / f ... •. .. _":"' ._ .~ 1890. CONGRESBIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 633 -· .... · '' mitted, labored under severe and deprt,.sing dom~tic aflliction. This does not printing of a supplement to the Digest of International Law, under the appear in the record of the court-martial for obvious reasons, and this officer can not, out of respect for others, bring out these matters in a public way. direction of the literary executor of the late Francis Wharton, was-read Enough is known of these afllictions to warrant the belief that his mind had the first time by its title and the second time at length, as follows: been unsettled and t!-iat the current of his life ha~ been sadly c;hang"ed thereby. &solved, etc., That the printing of a supplement to the Digest of International "It is well known m the Army that Colonel Leib had an e.tfatr of honor some Law, as authorized by the joint resolution of August 13, 1888,such supplement years previously with the principal prosecuting witness, the otficer before re containing the diplomatic correspondenoo of the American Revolution, edited, ferred to, which grew out of animadversions said to have been made by the said with historical a.nu legal notes, by Francis \Vharton, be continued under the prosecuting witness upon the honor of this officer's wife. Whatever were the direction of John Bassett Moore, the literary executor of the said Francis merits or demerits of this controversy, enough is known of it to warrant the as Wharton, deceased. sumption that the principal prosecutor entertained hostile feelings against the accused. It is also a matter of record that one of the main witnesses for the Mr. EVARTS. I need only state in one word what the situation is. . ·. prosecution was shortly afterwards forced to resign from the service to avoid The resolution recited authorized the publication of this work, to be dismissal upon grave charges. "That these domestic afllictlons had a depressing effect upon this officer, as prepared and to be printed under the direction of Mr. Wharton. l'ilr. hereinbefore suggested, and were mainly the cause of bi!! shortcomings, is at Wharton had prepared the full work, and the printing of the first vol te ted by a review of his previous record as a gallant and faithful soldier; and ume by the Public Printer had been completed before his death. Ur. it is an undisputed fact that up to the time of the trouble before mentioned he had nevel" been addicted to drink and he bas been a strictly temperate man Wharton appointed Mr. Moore, the well-known and highly appreciat€.d_ ever since he left the service. This clearly shows that he was not an habitual Assistant Secretary of State, his literary executor, and all that needs to drunkard. be done is to continue the printing, the Public Printer objecting to the "Colonel Leib bad in contemplation, prior to his dismissal, his retirement from the Ari!ay, and would no doubt, but for the unfortunate occurrence, have continuance of the printing for the reason that the resolution as pa.5Sed been finally retired with retired pay. ordered that it should be under the direction of Mr. Wharton. "Colonel Leib, a few years e.go, had a. bill before Congress asking for an in All are desirous that the. work should be completed and in our hands crease of pension. The Committee on Pensions of the House, in reporting his bill favorably, say as follows: as soon ::i.s possible. I have spoken to the chairman of the Printing Com "'In the opinion of the committee, the act of' dismissal from the military serv mittee, and he recognizes the fact that the resolution orders no new ice of the Government shou1d not work a hardship t-0 the claimant, nor pro,·e printing whatever, but only overcomes this little embarrassment from a barrier to his relief' by Congress, for the reason that his wounds were received while in the line of duty and when in good standing as an otficer, and like the death of Mr. Wharton. I ask, therefore, that the resolution may wise for the reason that the principle was settled by the action of the Govern be considered and adopted at this time. ment in granting the claimant a pension at the rate of $20 per month, subse Mr. MANDERSON. I do not think the jointresoluti.on comes within quent to the order of the Pr-esident dismissing him from the service. '( ••'The na.ture of his present disability and incapability of providing for bis the rule requiring it to be referred to the Committee on Printing, it own subsistence and that of his family by manual labor is established by the being a mere chanp:e of the order rather than affecting the matter that report of the board of examining surgeons transmitt.ed to the Commissioner of is to be published. Pensions at the time the claimant first mlld.e application for a pension, and which By unanimous consent, the Senate, as in Committee of the Whole, .. -' is now on file with the committee, as follows, to wit: c· ""Gunshot wound of right shoulder. Ball entered anterior surface of arm 1 proceeded to consider the joint resolution. inch above the insertion of the deltoid muscle, and passing obliquely backwards Mr. HARRIS. Mr. President, I see no objection to this resolution, and inwards emerged just below the spine of the scapula at its inner border, and in its course injuring the lun~s and producing hemorrhage. Has cough and but, inasmuch as this printing can not be done under the existing reso purulent expectoration. Motion of shoulder-joint considerably impaired." lution, and a new joint resolution is necessary in order that it may be "'Further evidence of the disability of the claimant is shown in the medical done, and in order that the expense may be incurred of doing it, it certificate of George C. Miller, assit;tant surgeon of United States Army, given at Camp Grant, Arizona, previous to his dismissal from the service, recommend seems to me that it must go to the Committee on Printing. in~ his retirement from the service. I see no objection to the resolution, but I do not quite see why it is ex ' ' The certificate is as follows, to wit: cepted from the rule which requires such matters to go to the committee. ""I hereby certify that I have carefully examined this.officer and find that he i~ laboring under chronic malarial toxremia, acquired in 1872 at Old Camp Mr. EV ARTS. l\lr. President, the question of the Senator from Ten Grant, Arizona, and for which he has been under my professional care for nessee is, of course, in accordance with our wishes and also with what .· several mon tbs past. He labors under attacks of fever, indigestion, loss of appe be supposes the regufarity of proceeding. I suggested the point and tite, diarrhea, nervous pains, etc. He is a man of sober habits, so far as I can judge, so that chronic alcoholism is not blended with his case. He suffers, also, conferred with the chairman of the Committee on Printing. If the from an old gunshot wound, for which I have already recommended that he be Senator from Tennes~ee will allow me, nothing whatever has happened enabled to pr~ent himself before a retiring-board. He also labors under some excepting that the clause by which the work was authorized and its degree of mental irregularity. I e.m of the opinion that he is unfit for the serv ice, and most probably permanently so." printing was under the direction of Dr. Wharton, who was then, as we "'It is the opinion of the committee that the foregoing testimony of medical know, in the service of the Government. The first volume is printed character is sufficient to establish the character of bis disability as permanent up to his death. When they take up the next volume to go on with and total, so far as manual labor is concerned. It was sufficient to enable the post surgeon to recommend his retirement from the Army.' the work of Dr. Wharton-not anybody else's work-the Printer says: "It may be proper here to mention the fact that somesixoreightofficers only "Well, the old resolution uses the rhrase 'under the direction of Dr. were brevetted during the late war for being 'conspicuous for heroic courage in Wharton,' and I do not feel at liberty to proceed with the printing." action and untiring energy in the performance of arduous duty.' "Among these few, second on the list as approved and recommended by Gen This only says that the Printer may go on printing under the direction era.ls Devin, Merritt, and Sheridan, appears the name of Capt. E. H. Leib, Fifth of Mr. Moore. United Stfltes Cavalry. Mr. HARRIS. I desire to say to the Senator from New York that "In view of all the facts in the case, the extraordinary military services of this officer, your committee are of the opinion that he is entitled to the relief I have made no motion, nor do I intend to make any, to refer. I simply prayed for. He is suffering under grievous wounds which incapa.cila.te him desired to suggest what seemed to me the proper thing to be done in for aetive service, and for which he would have been entitled to be placed upon the premises. That is all I proposed. the retired-list of the Army but for the misfortune which culminated in his ' - dismissal. Mr. EVARTS. Well, Mr. President, I hope that we may act upon "In all the years of his service it does not appear that his accounte have been the joint resolution. irregular or that he was indebted to the Government to the value of a penny. The joint resolution was reported t.o the Senate without ~mendment, '' 'l'he Legislature of his State (Pennsylvania.), withontrespectofparty, together with the governor of the State and lea.ding citizens thereof, feeling :i. pride in ordered to be engrvssed for a third ·reading, read the third time, and the heroic military services of Colonel Leib, whose family have been intimately passed. connected since the days of the Revolution with the history of Pennsylvania, SENATORS FROM MONTANA. and whose near relat.ives he.ve served with distinction in the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States, petition Congress for the passage of a Mr. TELLER. I present the credentials of Wilbur F. Sanders, Sen bill for his relief. ator-elect from the State of Montana, and ask that they be read. "Your committee a.re of the opinion that such extra.ordinary interest on behalf of this officer should not go unheeded, especially since his fault has occasioned The VICE-PRESIDENT. The credentials will be read. no injury and was precipitated by a domestic aftliction calculated to unsettle Ir. TELLER. I will say, for the benefit ofour friends on the other the mind of most men. side of the Chamber, that when these credentials are read I expect to " Your committee further state that said Ed ward H. Leib, at the time of his dis m issli.'t, was first in the line of promotion to the rank of major, as about that move their reference to the Committee on Prh'ileges and Elections, time a colonel of a cavalry regiment was retired, which would ha>e made said and I will follow that with the other Senator's crede1J.tials. Leib a major. The credentials of Wilbur F. Sanders, chosen by the Legislature of "Your committee, therefore, report back the bill and recommend its passage." Montana a Senator from that State, were read. Before the reading of the report was concluded: · ~lr. TELLER. I move that the credentials, with the papers that l\Ir. CAMERON. I ask that the further reading of the report be dis accompany them, which I hold in my hand, be referred to the Com pensed with. I will state that this bill was passed by the Senate a mittee on Privileges and Elections. year ago, and I think there can be no question about it. It is a most The ruotion was agreed to. remarkable and meritorious case. Mr. TEI,LER. I now present the credentials of Thomas C. Power, The VICE-PRESIDENT. The further reading of the report will be chosen by the Legislature of Montana a Senator from that State, which dispensed with if there be no objection. The Chair bears none. I desire shall take the same direction. The bill was reported to the Senate without amendment, ordered t-0 Mr. PUGH. I suggest to the Senator from Colorado that this motion be engrossed for a third reading, read the third time, and passed. of reference to the Committee on Privileges and Elections be amended SUPPLEMENT TO THE DIGEST OF INTERNATIONAL LAW. so as to give that committee power in the investigation to send for persons and papers. That is usually done on such a reference. Mr. EVARTS. I introduce a joint resolution, and ask that it now l\Ir. TELI,ER. I will state to the Senator from Alabama that I may be read, and then I shall ask that it be tllken up for immediate should not like to do that. It will be the province of the committee, consideration and action. The nature of the resolution will explain to I suppose, to determine that question. This is the usual form where Senators why I desire it. there is likely to be any controversy as to the rights of the party named The joint resolution (S. R. 48) authorizing the continuation of the in the credentials to take his seat. .· ... ·' . ··- , ...... ,,. ·' ...... ,'"' .. . ' ... ._I• · -.. 634 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE: JANU.AnY 16, .. ' Mr. PUGH. In such references to the committee that power has John H. Mills, of Socorro, N. Mex., to be register of the land office been given to the committee on the reference in some cases that I have at Roswell, N. Mex. read. James C. Noell, of Perryville, Mo., to be register of the land office : Mr. TELLER. I shoulcl prefer not to make that motion now. That at Ironton, Mo. can be done separately. W. H. Seamans, of Los Angeles, Cal., to be register of the land office Mr. PUGH. Very well, the committee can a.sk forthatpowerhere at Los Angeles, Cal. after if they think proper to do so. James Elton, of Grand Forks, N. Dak., to be register of the land The Chief Clerk read the credentials of Thomas C. Power, chosen office at Grand Forks, N. Dak. by the Legislature of Montana a Senator from that State. COLLECTORS OF INTERN AL REVE...~E. .. 1\I1·. TELLER. I move that the credentials be referred to the Com Christopher Ma.mer·, of Illinois, to be collector of internal revenue .. mittee on Privileges and Elections. for the first district of illinois. The motion was agreed to. William H. Sears, of California, to be collector of internal revenue . LANDS .AT ST. AUGUSTINE. for the first district of California. Mr. CULLOM. I move that the Senate proceed to the consideration Augu'3tusT. Wimberly, of Mississippi, t I . ·. , \ ...... : ...... ~ __-··...... ' .. ·· - ... •'.. 1890. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. "635 Enos J. Pennypa-Oker, of North Carolin&, t.o be collector of customs Jerome Chipman, t.o be postmaster at Normal, in the county of !fo· ·for the district of Wilmington, in the State of North Carolina. Lean and State of lliinois. Robert Hancock, jr., of North Carolina, to be collector of customs Leonard R. Owens, to be postmaster at Marion, in the county of for the district of Pamlico, in the State of North Carolina. Marion and State of South Carolina. Thomas B. Johnston, of South Carolina, to be collector of customs George J. Warren, to be postmaster at Red Cloud, in the county of fo:r the district of Charlest-On, in the State of South Carolina. Webster and State of Nebraska. T. Jefferson Jarrett of Virginia, to be collector of customs for the Benjamin F. Dysart, to be postmaster at Franklin Grove, in the ill.strict of Petersburgh, in the State of Virginia; county of Lee and State of Illinois. .John W. Fisher, of Virginia, to be collector of customs for the dis Freeman D. Rosebrook, to be postmaster at Rock Falls, in the county trict of Richmond, in the State of Virginia. of Whiteside and State of Illinois. Edward R. Gunby, of Florida, to be collectorof customs for the dis Geor~e A. Root, to be postmaster at Lanark, in the county of Carroll trict of Tampa, in the State of Florida. and State of Illinois. . Frank P. Clark, of Texas, to be collector of customs for the district Fred Crafts, to be postmaster at Alma, in the county of Wabaunsee ·. of PR.So del Norte, in the State of Texas. and State of Kansas. ." Henry W. Daingerfield, of Virginia, to be collector of customs for H. P. Dow, to be postmaster at Manhattan, in the county of Riley the district of Tappahannock, in the State of Virginia.. and State of Kansas. George H. Hopkins, of Michigan, to be collector of customs for the Walter S. Hebron, to be postmaster at Kinsley, in the county of Ed district of Detroit., in the State of Michigan. wards and State of Kansas. .John H. Deveaux, of Georgia, to be collector of customs for the dis Samuel H. Nesbit, to be postmaster at Anthony, in the county of trict of Brunswick, in the Sta.te of Georgia. Harper and State of Kansas. Henry Hebing, of New York, to be collector of customs for the dis Clark F. Barnes, to be postmaster at Ainsworth, in the county of trict of Genesee, in the State of New York. Brown and State of Nebraska. Frank A. Stewart, of Oregon, to be collector of customs for the south John W. Boggs, to be postmaster at Bfair, in the county of Wa.shing ern district of Oregon, in the State of Oregon. ington and State of Nebraska. Ed ward A. Taylor, of Oregon, to be collector of customs for the dis George L. Jameson, to be postmaster at Creighton, in the county of trict of Oregon, in the State of Oregon. Knox and State of Nebraska. ,,. ; Charles F. Johnson, of Minnesota, to be collector of customs for the James H. Logan, to be po~tmaster-at Ponca, in the county of Dixon district of Duluth, in the State of Minnesota. and State of Nebraska. James H. Perry, to be postmaster at Atkinson, in the county of Ilolt PRO:'IIOTIONS IN THE AR~IY. and State of Nebraska. Tenth Regiment of Cavalry. Charles S. Spearman, to be postmaster at Crawford, in the county of First Lieut. M:llSOn M. Maxon, to be captain. Dawe3 and State of Nebraska. Second Lieut. William E. Shipp, to he first lieutenant. Victor E. Taylor, to be postmaster at Superior, in the county of Nuckolls and State of Nebraska. Thfrd Regiment of Artillery. W. E. Bassler, to be postmaster at Middleburgh, in the county of • I Second Lieut. Charles A. Bennett, to be first lieutenant. Schoharie and State of New York. Sixth Regiment of Infantry. J. W. Day, to be po3tmaster at Waterloo, in the county of Seneca First Lieut. Alexander M. Wetherill, regimental quartermaster, to and State of New York. be captain. George L. Tubbs, to be po tmaster at Hornellsville, in the county of Eighth Regiment of Infantry. Steuben and State of New York. Christopher Hill, t-0 be postmaster at Shawano, in the county of Second Lieut. Wilds P. Richardson, regimental adjutant, to be first Shawano and State of Wiscon in. lieutenant, December 16, 1889. William Knelling, to be postmaster at Shullsburg, in the county of Thirteentli Regirnent of Infantry. La Fayette and State of Wisconsin. First Lieut. James Fornance, to be captain. JohnB. Nugent, to be postmaster at Menasha, inthecountyofWin Eighteenth Regiment of Infantry. nebago and State of Wisconsin. Martin P. Rindlaub, to be postmaster at Platteville, in the county of Seeond Lieut. J. Harry Duvall, to be first lieutenant. Grant and State of Wisconsin. ' .' Third Regi1ne11t of Artillery. Sidney E. Shepard, to be postmaster at Mineral Point, in the county of Iowa and State of Wisconsin. First Lieut. George A. Thurston, to be captain. I• Second Lieut. Ge ··' . ._. ·' ·' . ; ,· ·-. 636 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. JANUARY 16, Theodore E. Clapp, to be postmaster at White Pigeon, in the county COST OF Pnnuc BUILDINGS. of St. Joseph and State of Michigan. The SPEAKER laid before the House a letter from the Secretary of Alden Sampson, to be postmaster at Woonsocket, in the cotmty of the Treasury, recommending an increase of the limit of cost of public .· Sanborn and State of South Dakota. buildings at Eastport, Me., Hoboken, N. J., Houston, Tex., Los An L. P. Jenkins, to be postmaster at Lead City, in the county of Law geles, Cal., Louisville, Ky., Manchester, N. H., Sacramento, Cal., Troy, rence and State of Sooth Dakota. N. Y., and Carson City, Nev.; which was referred to the Committee on William L. Anderson, to be postmaster at Plankinton, in the county Public Buildings and Grounds, and ordered to be printed. of Aurora and State of South Dakota. Sylvester J. Small, to be postmaster at Casselton, in the county of REP.AIRS OF PUBLIC BUILDINGS. Cass and State of North Dakota. · The SPEAKER also laid l)efore the House a letter from the Secretary Horace P. Bogue, to be postmaster at Bismarck, in the county of Bur of the Treasury, recommending appropriations for certain repairs, altera leigh and State of North ·Dakota. tions, and improvements in and about public buildings at Charleston, S. Andrew W. Wills, to be postmaster at Nashville, in the county of C., Cincinnati, Ohio, Grand Rapids, Mich., Macon, Ga., Memphis, Davidson and State of Tennessee. Tenn., New York, N. Y., Peoria, Ill., and Wheeling, W. Va.; which · Joseph T. B. Wilson, to be postmaster at Murfreesborougb, in the was referred to the Committee on Appropriations, and ordered to be county of Rutherford and State of Tennessee. printed. John A. Mahon, to be postmaster at Holly Springs, in the county of .ARREARS OF PAY .AND BOUNTY. Mars}J_all and State of .Mississippi. The SPEAKER als:> laid before the House a letter from the Secretary Charles W. Buckley, to be postmaster at Montgomery, in the county of the Treasury, transmitting estimates of appropriations for arrears of of Montgomery and State of .Alabama. - pay and bounty of volunteers in the ) ate war, to be certified by the William Miller, to be postmaster at Tuscaloosa, in the county of Second Auditor and Second Comptroller during the six months ending Tuscaloosa and 8tate of Alabama. Jone 30, 1890; which was referred to the Committee on Appropriations, Samuel Gilbert, to be postmaster at Decatur, in the county of Mor and ordered to be printed. gan and State of Alabama. FORT SHERIDAN RIFLE RANGE. Adonimm E. Vining, to be postmaster at South Weymouth, in the county of Norfolk and State of Massachusetts. The SPEAKER also laid before the Honse a letter from the Secretary Charles H. Stacy, to be postmaster at West Newton, in the county of of the Treasury, transmitting a supplemental estimate of the Secre Middlesex and State of Massachusetts. tary of War of appropriation for Fort Sheridan rifle range; which J a.mes P. Richardson, to be postmaster at West Medford, in the county was referred to the Committee on Appropriations, and ordered to be of Middlesex and State of Massachusetts. printed. Edward F. Potter, to be postmaster at West Gardner, in the county CO~TINGENT EXPENDITURES OF INTERIOR DEPARTMENT. of Worcester and State of Massachusetts. The SPEAKER also laid before the Hoose a letter from the Secretary Frank E. Nichols, to be postmaster at Wauen, in the county of of the Interior, transmitting a statement of expenditures of the con Worcester and State of Massachusetts. tingent appropriation for the Department of the Interior for the fiscal Edgar N. Nash, to be postmaster at Newton Highlands, in the county year ended Jone 30, 1889; which was referred to the Committee on of _Middlesex and State of Massachusetts. Expenditures in the Interior Department, and ordered to be printed. Clinton K. Lambson, to be postmaster at Westfield, in the county of SUSPENDED LAND ENTRIES. Hampden and State of Massachusetts. George W. Hallett, to be postmaster at Hyannis, in the county of The SPEAKER also laid before the House a letter from the Secretary Barnstable and State of Massachusetts. of the Interior, transmitting an abstract of suspended land entries ad William.F. Darby, to be postmaster at North Adams, in the county judicated by the Commissioner of the General Land Office during the of Bt!rkshire and State of Massachusetts. fiscal year ended June 30, 1889; which was referred to the Committee George G~ Cook, to be postmaster at Milford, in thfl county of Wor- on the Public Lands, and ordered to be printed. cester and State of Massachusetts. • M.AIL CONTRACTS, ETC. Crysis T. Scott, to be postmaster at Uxbridge, in the county of The SPEAKER also laid before the House a letter from the Post Worcester and State of Massachusetts. master-General, submitting reports for the fiscal year 1889 of contracts William A. Harwood, to be postmaster at Tombstone, in the county and proposals made for carrying the mails, of additional mail routes es of Cochise and Territory of Arizona. tablishe.d, of additional allowances to contractors, of curtailments of William J. Neyman, to be postmaster at Grove City, in the county expenses, and of fines imposed and deductions made from pay of con of Mercer and State of Pennsylvania. tractors; which was referred to the Committee on the Post-Office and Henry P. McKallip, to be postmaster at Leechburgh, in the county Post-Roads, and ordered to be printed. of Armstrong and State of Pennsylvania. J. J. Crawford, to be postmaster at Barnhart's Mills, in the county SILK CULTURE. of Butler and State of Pennsylvania. · The SPEAKER also laid before the Hoase a letter from the Secretary Albert Glenn, to be postmaster at Sandy Lake, in the county of of Agriculture, transmitting reports upon the operations of the Women's Mercer and State of Pennsylvania. Silk Culture Association of the United States and of the Ladies' Silk Theodore M. Ford, to be postmaster at Sharpsville, in the county of Culture Society of California, and upon experiments made in the Dis Mercer and State of Pennsylvania. trict of Columbia with silk-rneling machinery; which wa.s referred to J. D. Carothers, to be postmaster at Wilkinsbu:rgb, in the county of the Committee on Agriculture, and ordered to be printed. Allegheny and State of Pennsylvania. Isaac N. Zearing, to be postmaster at Bellefontaine, in tbe county of BRIGHTWOOD RA.ILW .A Y CO:\IP .ANY. Logan and State of Ohio. The SPEAKER also laid before the House a report of the operations William H. Tripp, to be postmaster at Carrollton, in the county of of the Brightwood Railway Company to January 1, 1890; which was Carroll and State of Ohio. referred to the Committee on the District of Columbia, and ordered to William T. Thomas, to be postmaster at North Baltimore, in the be printed. county of Wood and State of Ohio. GEORGETOWN BARGE, DOCK, .AND ELEV.ATOR COl'lfP.ANY. George R. Hall, to be postmaster at Oconto, in .the county of Oconto The SPEAKER also laid before the House a report of the George and State of Wisconsin. town Barge, Dock, and Elevator Company, showing the names of stock Lathrop L. Hanchett, to be postmaster at Jamestown, in the county holders and the receipts and expenditures of that company for the ef Chautauqua and State of New York. year 1889; which was referred to the Committee on the District of Co James S. Van Natta, to be postmaster at Shelbyville, in the county lumbia, and ordered to be printed. of Shelby and State of Kentucky. CL.AIMS DISl\IISSED UNDER BOWMAN .A.CT. The SPEAKER also laid before t:he House a letter from the assist HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. ant clerk of the Court of Claims, transmittingalistofcasessubmitted under the provisions of the Bowman act which haYe been-dismissed THURSDAY, January lG, 1890. for failure of proof of loyalty, together with a. copy of the order of dis· The House met at 12 o'clock m. Prayer by the Chaplain, Rev. W. missal iu each case; which was referred to the Committee on War H. MILBURN, D. D. Claims, and ordered to be printed. The J oarnal of the proceedings of yesterday was read and approved. SEN.ATE BILL .AND JOINT RESOLUTION REFERRED• . ·. WITHDR.A.W.A.L OF PAPERS. The SPEAKER also laid before the House bill and joint resolution •I: •I Ur. BROOKSHIRE, by unanimous consent, obtained leave to with of the Senate of the following titles; which were referred as indicated: draw from the Committee on Invalid Pensions the papers filed with The bill (S. 940) to authorize the construction and maintenance of a the bills of the Fiftieth Congress, ·No. 756, for t.he relief of Eunice bridge aCJ;OSS the Missouri River at a point to be selected in the county Bishop, and No. 762, for the relief of William Crouse. of Dougl:"s or in the county of Sarpy, in the State of Nebraska, and -. ' .'