ESIA of LNG Terminal, Jetty & Extraction Facility - Pakistan Gasport Limited 7 SCREENING OF ANTICIPATED IMPACTS AND PROPOSED MITIGATIONS Potential impacts of establishment during the n TERM = Immediate, Short, Medium or construction and operation phases of the Long Term. dedicated LNG Terminal on the Physical, n EFFECT = Local (Project site only), Biological and Socio-economic environment Regional (beyond project area) or Strategic have been identified and assessed in the (related to other issues) following sections. Where required, mitigation measures for the The LNG Terminal at the proposed site in Port significant negative impacts have been Qasim area is expected to respond to the needs recommended. of natural gas and LPG through import of raw natural gas as an environmental friendly fuel The operational phase will involve berthing of a bulk for the industrial, commercial and domestic LNG carrier, loading arm connection and pumping of consumers in Pakistan. The activities related to LNG to FSRU vessel parked alongside the berthing construction and operations of this facility are facility. Subsequent processes are re-gasification and expected to have some small order transporting of the RLNG to natural gas grid. Other environmental impacts on the baseline than these activities, power generation shall be made conditions in Port Qasim area. as per demand on FSRU. Fugitive air emissions, operational leakages, venting of storage spheres etc. Unlike other liquid bulk products handled at may lead to air receptor loading. Port Qasim, the chemical and physical properties of LNG are such that physical 7.1- Environmental Mitigation conveyance is limited to the primary receptor. The product is liquid which shall be re-gasified Goals at the terminal for delivery to SSGC network The project is located in the Korangi Fish Harbour system. zone. As with other growing fishery and allied A qualitative assessment of each impact has industries in such developing areas, negative impact been made in the impact analysis. Each of the on the environment will not take place. Keeping in impacts has been reviewed for construction and view the environment mitigation objective, Pakistan operation phases of the LNG Terminal. GasPort Limited shall aim primarily to recognize the Mitigation measures as appropriate have been impacts and minimize or avoid such impacts on the identified for implementation. environment. Mitigation measures have been suggested here and Environment Management Plan The anticipated impacts are envisaged as has been proposed for implementation at each stage follows: of Project activity by having an organizational set up to closely monitor the performance. n NATURE = Positive (Improvement) or Negative (Degradation) 7.1.1- Short/Near Term Goals n MAGNITUDE = Low, Medium or High n Planning and design/fabrication of LNG n DURATION = Temporary or Permanent / handling facilities to control undesirable Cyclic (repetitive) impacts on the environment. 1 of 39 Chapter 7 Environmental Management Consultants Ref: Y8LGOEIAPD ESIA of LNG Terminal, Jetty & Extraction Facility - Pakistan Gasport Limited n Address the environmentally sensitive The location of LNG terminal as described in issues such as mangrove ecology, marine chapter 3 has been carefully selected to reduce water quality, air quality, etc. the impact on navigation and ecology. LNG berth at the proposed location seems to be well n Construction operation to ensure precautionary poised in the physical scenario. measures to avoid incidents such as spillages, inadequate dredge disposal, mangrove While siting of the LNG berth, the onshore area and cutting/grabbles. the pipeline alignment the following parameters were considered: 7.1.2- Long Term Goals n Safe distance from population. n Long term objectives form part of the n Proximity to berth Environmental Management Plan aimed at creating a general awareness among operational phase staff n Length of delivery lines to customer and carry out periodical monitoring of quality of air network and liquid effluents. n Infrastructure such as roads, utilities etc. Some of the key objectives are: n Tank foundation n n Setting up of a Monitoring and Reporting Earthquake System The selected site however offers more than minimum required distance between the LNG n Organizing a Supervisory and Monitoring berth and mangroves, thus minimising the Mechanism disturbance to mangrove ecology during the n Drawing out plans for emergency situation construction and laying of the sub-sea pipeline. and management 7.3- Physical impacts during n Training of personnel in safe environmental practices construction & operations n Regular meetings and sessions to review 7.3.1- Noise due to LNG Terminal, safety, environmental quality and Pipeline and Land Facilities emergency procedures. 7.2- Impacts at Design Stage A- Impacts during Construction Phase LNG terminal construction and associated 7.2.1- Project Siting activities onshore and offshore may have possible impact on ambient noise levels. In particular, Pakistan GasPort Limited LNG terminal is spread works such as pile driving, dredging, drilling, onshore and offshore. The onshore storage area is earthworks, etc. as well as site plant such as connected to offshore development via a sub-sea compressors, would contribute to noise. The pipeline. The onshore area is located in an open area duration of the construction work is anticipated which is presently sporadically developed. The not to exceed over a years period. offshore jetty and sub-sea pipeline are primarily located in tidal waters and mangroves with no human Wind speed and direction data reveals that winds settlements in the vicinity. However the onshore are inclined to blow from southwest. Offshore facility has some human settlements in proximity (1.5 winds are also generated by convection changes as km away). the land warms during the day. It is considered 2 of 39 Chapter 7 Environmental Management Consultants Ref: Y8LGOEIAPD ESIA of LNG Terminal, Jetty & Extraction Facility - Pakistan Gasport Limited likely that there would be regular occasions when Therefore no special mitigation measures are the prevailing wind is such that noise is directed required. towards the land. The acoustic effect of the creeks especially during B- Impacts due to Operation low water would be to echo the noise, possibly As described earlier, there are several factors that causing a weak echo effect for sharp burst of noise would affect the potential noise from the terminal. such as those of pile driving. However, the open Such factors include the distance from terminal to land would help the dissipation of construction the residential areas, local acoustic, barriers to noise. There are no notable buildings or noise, and the tolerance of the local population. topographical features in proximity to However, distance of the residential area from the construction sites that would provide shielding or site would be the major provider of cushion damping effects. dampers for the noise and vibration generated due There are no developed residential areas close to to construction activity. the shore area. There is no school, hospital or The operation of LNG cargo unloading, storage library, however some human settlements mostly and re-gasification etc. are low impact activities. comprising earthen dwellings are scattered. The Noise emissions during project operation is source of major noise in the area is Korangi Fish expected to be much lower and generally derived Harbour which is not of major concern. It is from facility operations such as pumps, engines, expected that on site noise levels during other on-site machinery, and from marine vessel construction phase may not exceed the average unloading LNG at berth. noise of 85 dB(A) at 7.5m. Acceptable noise levels The shore facility is not particularly noisy as there for construction equipment may vary from 75-100 are is only pipeline juncttion and measurement dB(A) for which the workers will be provided ear facility. There are no continuously noisy conveyor plugs to be worn as protective measures. systems. The standby power generator would be Mitigations: housed in its own building, and occasional use is not considered a significant noise source. Dredging operations typically proceed for 24 The most intrusive noise source would be the hours a day. It is not necessary to restrict dredging terminal related traffic especially on the road times because there is no significant or densely outside the storage area. Traffic movements into populated residential area in the vicinity. and out of the storage area would continue over Other activities during construction that can be a day hours. However, vehicles could arrive and / source of noise and vibration would be the or depart at any time. movement and operation of heavy construction Sound emissions from the marine vessels would equipment, excavation and fill operation for mainly be generated by the operation of the grading, pipeline cutting, welding, installation etc. vessel's engines. The noise emissions from vessel The noise would be confined to the local engines are substantially dampened by their surrounding and the impact will be of temporary placement deep within the confines of the vessel. nature. The increase in noise emissions from marine The potential changes in sound quality on other vessels using the berth is not expected to result in local roads resulting from increased vehicle traffic significant increase in level <3dB(A). during construction are not expected to be Additionally,