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Igo Syahputra 132203023 Program Studi Diii Bahasa ONBASHIRA MATSURI FESTIVAL ONBASHIRA KERTAS KARYA Oleh: IGO SYAHPUTRA 132203023 PROGRAM STUDI DIII BAHASA JEPANG FAKULTAS ILMU BUDAYA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2016 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA FESTIVAL ONBASHIRA ONBAHSIRA MATSURI KERTAS KARYA Kertas karya ini diajukan kepada panitia ujian program pendidikan Non-Gelar Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Sumatera Utara Medan, untuk melengkapi salah satu syarat kelulusan Diploma III dalam bidang Bahasa Jepang. Dikerjakan OLEH: IGO SYAHPUTRA NIM:132203023 Pembimbing, Pembaca Drs. Amin Sihombing Zulnaidi, S.S., M.Hum NIP. 19600403 198412 1 001 NIP. 19670807 200501 1 1001 PROGRAM STUDI DIII BAHASA JEPANG FAKULTAS ILMU BUDAYA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2016 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Disetujui oleh : Program Diploma Sastra dan Budaya Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Sumatera Utara Medan Program Studi DIII Bahasa Jepang Ketua Program Studi Zulnaidi S.S, M.Hum NIP. 196708072005011001 Medan, Juli 2016 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA PENGESAHAN Diterima Oleh Panitia Ujian Program Pendidikan Non-Gelar Sastra Budaya Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Sumatera Utara Medan, untuk melengkapi salah satu syarat Diploma III dalam Bidang Studi Bahasa Jepang. Pada : Tanggal : Hari : Program Diploma Sastra Budaya Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Sumatera Utara Dekan, Dr. Budi Agustono, M.S. Nip 196008051987031001 Panitia Ujian : No. Nama 1. Zulnaidi, S.S., M.Hum. ( ) 2. Drs. Amin Sihombing ( ) 3. Zulnaidi, S.S., M.Hum. ( ) UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA KATA PENGANTAR Puji dan syukur kehadirat Allah SWT atas berkah dan rahmat-Nya sehingga Penulis dapat menyelesaikan kertas karya yang berjudul “Festival Onbashira”. Dengan kerendahan hati penulis menyambut kritik dan saran dari pembaca demi kesempurnaan kertas karya ini. Dalam hal ini penulis menyadari bahwa apa yang telah tertulis dalam Kertas Karya ini masih jauh dari kesempurnaan baik dari segi materi dan pembahasan masalah. Demi kesempurnaan, penulis sangat mengharapkan saran dan kritik yang membangun dari para pembaca untuk kearah perbaikan. Dalam penulisan kertas karya ini, penulis banyak menerima bantuan dan bimbingan dari berbagai pihak. Untuk itu pada kesempatan ini Penulis menyampaikan rasa terima kasih yang tak terhingga, terutama: 1. Bapak Dr. Drs. Budi Agustono, M.S selaku Dekan Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Sumatera Utara. 2. Bapak Zulnaidi,SS,M.Hum selaku Ketua Program Study Bahasa Jepang DIII Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Sumatera Utara. 3. Bapak Drs. Amin Sihombing selaku dosen pembimbing yang dengan ikhlas telah meluangkan waktu dan pikiran untuk memberikan bimbingan dan juga arahan kepada penulis dalam menyelesaikan Kertas Karya ini. 4. Bapak Zulnaidi, SS,.M.Hum selaku dosen pembaca yang telah memberikan pengarahan, kritik, dan saran yang sangat bermanfaat bagi penyelesaian kertas karya ini. i UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 5. Seluruh staf pengajar pada program studi Bahasa Jepang Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Sumatera Utara, atas didikannya selama masa perkuliahan. 6. Dari semuanya yang teristimewa untuk ibunda tercinta saya, Ibu Sri Rawati dan Ayahanda saya Bapak Sakino yang telah memberikan segalanya serta kasih sayang yang tiada putus kepada penulis sehingga dapat menyelesaikan kertas karya ini dengan baik. Serta Kakak dan Abang saya Rizki Yuniati, S.Pd dan Riko Yunanda, yang telah memberikan doa, dukungan moril maupun materil sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan kertas karya ini. 7. Untuk teman Hinode angkatan 2013 yang telah menemani hari – hari penulis dari junbi shuukan hingga pengerjaan ronbun serta melewati suka duka perkuliahan. Terutama dede, nindi, dina, ferdi, aden dan dimas, terimakasih telah memberi dukungan terhadap penulis. 8. Untuk senpaitachi dan kohaitachi hinode, terutama untuk abangda abdul ghafur dan agung tirta yang telah menginspirasi serta membantu penulis selama masa perkuliahan. 9. Untuk abang – abang dan teman – teman “BTM Tandingan” yang telah banyak memberikan pelajaran hidup baik akademis, maupun rohani. Sedikit cukup, banyak habis. 10. Untuk Devin dan Dwi yang telah tinggal bersama penulis selama masa perkuliahan terimakasih atas perhatian, dan nasihat – nasihat berguna yang telah diberikan 11. Spesial untuk Julia Pratiwi Tanjung terimakasih atas support, doa, serta bantuan nya selama ini. ii UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 12. Kepada teman-teman serta semua orang yang telah ada dan peduli dengan penulis yang tidak dapat disebutkan satu persatu, terimakasih telah menorehkan pena pada kehidupan penulis sehingga penulis memiliki berbagai cerita. Penulis menyadari masih banyak kekurangan dalam kertas karya ini, sehingga kritik dan saran diharapkan oleh penulis. Akhir kata, penulis mengucapkan terima kasih. Semoga Kertas Karya ini dapat berguna bagi kita semuanya dikemudian hari Medan, Juni 2016 Penulis, IGO SYAHPUTRA 132203023 iii UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA DAFTAR ISI KATA PENGANTAR ................................................................................. i DAFTAR ISI ................................................................................................ iv BAB I PENDAHULUAN ............................................................................ 1 1.1. Alasan Pemilihan Judul .................................................................... 1 1.2. Tujuan Penulisan .............................................................................. 3 1.3. Batasan Masalah ............................................................................... 4 1.4. Metode Penulisan ............................................................................. 4 BAB II GAMBARAN UMUM ................................................................... 5 2.1. Gambaran Umum Matsuri ................................................................ 5 2.2. Sejarah Onbashira Matsuri ............................................................... 8 BAB III PELAKSANAAN DAN MAKNA ONBASHIRA MATSURI .. 11 3.1. Pelaksanaan Onbashira Matsuri ....................................................... 11 3.1.1. Perayaan Onbashira Kamisha .................................................. 14 3.1.2. Perayaan Onbashira Shimosha ................................................ 17 3.2. Onbashira Matsuri sebagai Festival Budaya .................................... 19 3.3. Onbashira Matsuri sebagai Tradisi Uji Keberanian ......................... 21 BAB IV KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN ..................................................... 23 4.1. Kesimpulan ....................................................................................... 23 4.2. Saran ................................................................................................. 24 DAFTAR PUSTAKA ABSTRAK iv UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA BAB I PENDAHULUAN 1.1. Alasan Pemilihan Judul Jepang merupakan negara di asia yang memiliki dua unsur berbeda yang sangat menonjol. Kedua unsur ini dipadukan hingga membentuk suatu keunggulan, keunggulan yang menjadikan jepang dapat di katakan negara yang sangat maju. Kedua unsur ini adalah teknologi dan kebudayaan tradisional. Dengan keunggulannya ini, Jepang di akui sebagai bangsa yang dapat membangun negri nya sehingga dapat dikatan setara dengan negara – negara barat terutama Amerika. Jepang pada awal nya merupaka negara yang tertinggal disebatkan karena politik isolasi (menutup diri) yang berlangsung kurang lebih selama 200 tahun dibawah kepemimpinan keshougunan tokugawa. Politik isolasi ini dilatarbelakangi karena adanya ancaman dari bangsa – bangsa Eropa yang melakukan perdagangan di Jepang. Keberadaan bangsa Eropa dikhawatirkan akan menimbulkan kolonialisme dan imperialisme di Jepang. Jepang yang saat itu merupakan negara ‘kuno’ dan miskin akibat politik sakoku nya mulai tercerahkan dengan adanya Restorasi Meiji. Restorasi Meiji terjadi pada tahun 1866 hingga tahun 1869, tiga tahun yang mencakup akhir zaman Edo hingga awal zaman Meiji. Restorasi Meiji merupakan babak baru menuju modernisasi Jepang. Terlepas dari Restorasi Meiji sebagai awal modernisasi Jepang, masyarakat Jepang yang pada masa pemerintahan Keshougunan Tokugawa sangat menjujung tinggi nilai budaya, tidak langsung melupakan pola kehidupan tradisionalnya. 1 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Bahkan kehidupan dan kebudayaan tradisional masyarakat jepang hingga saat ini masih berjalan sebagaimana mestinya. Masyarakat jepang dikenal sebagai masyarakat yang sangat menjunjung tinggi nilai tradisionalnya. Hal ini terlihat dari banyaknya masyarakat jepang yang masih melaksanakan ritual – ritual yang menitikberatkan terhadap perayaan baik itu di desa maupun perkotaan. Menurut Edwin Reischauer Jepang sebagai negara maju, kurang memperhatikan peran agama dalam kehidupannya. Hal ini juga dijelaskan oleh Ayip Rosidi yang mengatakan bahwa memang sukar mengukur keagamaan orang Jepang dengan menggunakan tolok ukur agama-agama samawi, yaitu agama yang mengakui kemahaesaan Tuhan. Berdasarkan dua pendapat tersebut dan berdasarkan pola hidup orang Jepang yang dikenal sebagai manusia ekonomi yang tekun, gigih, sangat menghargai waktu, ternyata ada sisi lain dalam kehidupan masyarakat Jepang yang menampakkan pola hidup religius, yaitu selalu mengawali segala kegiatan atau usaha yang baru dibuka dengan menyelenggarakan matsuri. Contohnya, orang Jepang akan menyelenggarakan matsuri, seperti melakukan Oharai (pengusiran roh-roh jahat) bagi mobil yang baru dibeli. Atau ketika sebuah perusahaan pesawat terbang yang baru membeli pesawat jet, maka merea akan menyelenggarakan matsuri sebelum mengoperasikan pesawat tersebut. Sebuah keluarga yang baru membeli rumah juga akan menyelenggarakan
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