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Morocco: Gender and the Transitional Justice Process

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Morocco: Gender and the Transitional Justice Process International Center for Transitional Justice Foundation for the Future Morocco: Gender and the Transitional Justice Process September 2011 This project is funded by the European Union Cover: Photo courtesy of the Advisory Council on Human Rights (CCDH); available on the Equity and Reconciliation Commission (IER) website. International Center for Transitional Justice Foundation for the Future Morocco: Gender and the Transitional Justice Process September 2011 International Center Morocco: Gender and the Transitional Justice Process for Transitional Justice Foundation for the Future International Center for Transitional Justice (ICTJ) The International Center for Transitional Justice works to redress and prevent the most severe violations of human rights by confronting legacies of mass abuse. ICTJ seeks holistic solutions to promote accountability and create just and peaceful societies. To learn more, go to www.ictj.org. About the Author This report was written by Julie Guillerot for the International Center for Transitional Justice (ICTJ), in collaboration with Naima Benwakrim, as well as Maria Ezzaouini and Widad Bouab, members of the Marrakesh office of the Democratic Association of Moroccan Women (ADFM). Acknowledgements ICTJ would like to thank the Foundation for the Future in Amman, Jordan, whose financial contribution made this project possible. This publication has been produced with the assistance of the European Union. The contents of this publication are the sole responsibility of ICTJ and can in no way be taken to reflect the views of the European Union. © International Center for Transitional Justice and Foundation for the Future, 2011. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without full attribution. International Center Morocco: Gender and the Transitional Justice Process for Transitional Justice Foundation for the Future CONTENTS Abbreviations ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 4 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 5 Background ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................6 The Experience of Women During the Years of Lead ...............................................................................................................................................10 Women and Human Rights Violations ............................................................................................................................................................................................................10 Women as Agents of Change ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 13 The Women’s Rights Movement and Calls for Transitional Justice Mechanisms ..........................................14 A Neutral Equity and Reconciliation Commission from a Gender Perspective ................................................... 16 Composition ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................17 Statutes ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................18 A Certain Growing Awareness of the Gender Perspective ............................................................................................................................21 Activities and Work of the IER .........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................22 Documentation, Information, and Archives ................................................................................................................................................................................22 Investigations ..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................22 Studies ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................22 Private Hearings ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................23 Public Hearings ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................23 Thematic Hearings and Public Activities .............................................................................................................................................................................................25 Individual Reparations .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................26 Final Report and Recommendations .....................................................................................................................................................................................................................28 After the IER: Strengthening and Maintaining the Gender Perspective in Implementing Recommendations .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................31 Institutionalization and Raising Awareness ...............................................................................................................................................................................................32 Gender in the Community Reparations Program .......................................................................................................................................................................33 Final Considerations .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 36 List of interviews .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................38 Bibliography .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 39 www.ictj.org foundationforfuture.org 3 International Center Morocco: Gender and the Transitional Justice Process for Transitional Justice Foundation for the Future ABBREVIATIONS ADFM Democratic Association of Women of Morocco (Association démocratique des femmes du Maroc) AMDH Moroccan Association for Human Rights (Association marocaine des droits humains) CCDH Advisory Council on Human Rights (Conseil consultatif des droits de l’homme) CNDH National Human Rights Council (Conseil national des droits de l’homme) FCDG Deposit and Management Fund Foundation (Fondation caisse de dépôt et de gestion) FVJ Moroccan Forum for Truth and Justice (Forum vérité et justice) ICTJ
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