DOCSLIB.ORG

Pdf/Lopbc/Galiani.Pdf Press

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Pdf/Lopbc/Galiani.Pdf Press 48521 v1 Public Disclosure Authorized SECONDARY EDUCATION IN INDIA Public Disclosure Authorized Universalizing Opportunity Public Disclosure Authorized THE WORLD BANK 1818 H Street N.W. Washington D.C. 20433 USA Public Disclosure Authorized 70 Lodi Estate New Delhi 110003 INDIA www.worldbank.org THE WORLD BANK SECONDARY EDUCATION IN INDIA: UNIVERSALIZING OPPORTUNITY Human Development Unit South Asia Region January 2009 Document of The World Bank Abbreviations and Acronyms BRC Block Resource Center CABE Central Advisory Board for Education CBSE Central Board for Secondary Education CDC Curriculum Development Center CISCE Council for Indian School Certificate Examinations COBSE Council of Boards of Secondary Education CSS Centrally Sponsored Scheme(s) CRC Cluster Resource Center CWSN Children With Special Needs DEA Department of Economic Affairs, Ministry of Finance and Planning DEC Distance Education Council DIET District Institute of Education and Training DISE District Information System on Education DPEP District Primary Education Program GER Gross Enrollment Rate GIA Grant-in-aid GoI Government of India IASE Institutes of Advanced Study in Education IB International Baccalaureate IEA International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement ICT Information and Communication Technology IGCSE International General Certificate of Secondary Education (United Kingdom) IGNOU Indira Gandhi National Open University IIT Indian Institute of Technology iv Secondary Education in India ITI Industry Training Institute(s) MHRD Ministry of Human Resource Development KVS Kendriya Vidyalaya Sanghathan (Central Schools Organization) MoLE Ministry of Labor and Employment MOFD Ministry of Finance and Planning NCF National Curriculum Framework NCERT National Council for Education, Research and Training NCTE National Council for Teacher Education NER Net Enrollment Rate NIOS National Institute of Open Schooling (within the MHRD portfolio) NUEPA National University for Educational Planning and Administration NVS Navodaya Vidyalaya Sanghathan (Rural Gifted Schools Organization) OBC Other Backward Castes OTL opportunity to learn PRI Panchayati raj Institutions (local self-government) PTA Parent-Teacher Association SC Scheduled Caste SCERT State Council for Education Research and Training SIS State Implementation Society SMC School Management Committee SSA Sarva Shiksha Ahbiyan (National Program for Universal Elementary Education) ST Scheduled Tribe TIMSS Third International Mathematics and Science Study UCLES University of Cambridge local examination syndicates UGC University Grants Commission VET Vocational Education and Training Secondary Education in India Acknowledgments The team is grateful to officials in the Ministry of Human Prema Clarke (curriculum and examinations), Venita Kaul Resources Development and the Ministry of Finance of (teacher training), Sangeeta Goyal (grant-in-aid reform and the Government of India for their support of this study. In cost recovery), Priyanka Pandey (framework for government addition, a large part of this report draws on two in-depth investment in education), Nalin Jena (institutional aspects), case studies in Rajasthan and Orissa. Accordingly, the team is Hena Mukherjee (transition to tertiary education), Ashish deeply indebted to officials in the Department of Elementary, Narain (labor market), Anuja Utz (knowledge economy), Secondary, and Sanskrit Education in the Government of Xiaonan Cao (international comparison), and Harry Patrinos Rajasthan, and officials in the Department of School and (case studies of private education in the Netherlands and Mass Education and Department of Higher Education in Colombia). Mehtab Azam provided extensive and timely the Government of Orissa for their support and advice. The assistance in data compilation and data analysis. Yevgeniya team is appreciative of the guidance of the advisory panel Savchenko provided supplementary data analysis. Masako – consisting of senior representatives from the Ministry of Uchida provided support to the field surveys and editorial Human Resource Development, Ministry of Labor and assistance, and Hiroshi Saeki provided research assistance. Employment, National Council for Education, Research Renu Gupta, Savita Dhingra and Bertha Mburugu assisted and Training, National Council for Teacher Education, in the administrative aspects of the work. Gertrude Cooper Council of Boards of Secondary Education, Central Board of assisted in proofreading the initial drafts, which also benefited Secondary Education, National University for Educational from editing by Rachel Weaving. Planning and Administration, National Institute of Open Schooling, National Knowledge Commission, PSS Central The report draws from four commissioned papers: A. K. Institute of Vocational Education, and Federation of Indian Sharma (teacher education and management in Rajasthan, Chambers of Commerce and Industry. Orissa, and Delhi), B. P. Khandelwal (study on secondary examination in India), S. N. Prasad (curriculum and This report was prepared initially by Kin Bing Wu, who textbooks in the Indian secondary education system), and designed the study, commissioned new research, formed Peter A. J. Bouhuijs and Peter Edelenbos (comparison the advisory panel and oversaw the work of the team. of Indian curricula and syllabi with International Sam Carlson updated and re-worked the report in a Baccalaureate and International General Certificate of subsequent stage, particularly the chapters on access Secondary Education). and equity, management, and financing, and conducted consultations with key stakeholders on the final draft, but Peer reviewers were: Emanuela di Gropello (EASHD, wishes to credit Kin Bing Wu for the major analyses and World Bank) and Sajitha Bashir (AFTH3, World Bank). insights of the report, while taking full responsibility Juan Manual Moreno (HDNED, World Bank), Geeta for whatever weaknesses remain. Additional important Kingdon (Oxford University), and Marlaine Lockheed contributions were made by Deepa Sankar (access and equity, (Independent Consultant) reviewed earlier drafts. public expenditure review, school-level finance, supervision Comments were also received from Paul Gertler, Elizabeth of the secondary school surveys in Rajasthan and Orissa), King, Ahmad Ahsan, Lant Pritchett, Harry Patrinos, Amit Dar (the economic context), Pete Goldschmidt and Jishnu Das, Elena Glinskaya, Geeta Sethi, Deepak Mishra, Christy Kim Boscardin (item response analysis and hierarchical V. J. Ravishankar, Emiliana Vegas, Shobhana Sosale and linear modeling of the data from the secondary school survey), Philip O’Keefe. Country Director: Roberto Zagha Sector Director: Michal Rutkowski Sector Manager: Amit Dar Task Team Leader: Sam Carlson Key Data Sources and Data Limitations Data Sources achievement in mathematics. These data form the This report has drawn on several different data sources basis of in-depth case studies. from India. The main ones used are as follows: Public examination records from the two Central National Sample Survey (NSS), conducted by Boards and from selected State Boards. the census bureau, provides data on wages and education levels. The NSS rounds used for the Data Limitations analysis were 1983/4, 1987/8, 1993/4, 1995/6, 1999/2000, and 2004/05. Because the NSS is a The NSS rounds do not contain questions that provide nationally representative household survey, it is information on enrollment in government and private more inclusive of all persons’ education and labor schools, nor on household expenditure on education, force participation than administrative data. except the 50th round in 1995/96 which has an expanded education module. The various rounds also do not Ministry of Human Resources Development’s contain questions that allow for estimation of repetition, (MHRD) Selected Education Statistics, 2004-05 promotion, and dropout in the school system. The NSS provides national and state data on enrollment, is a household survey which is not linked to any schools. number of schools, shares of schools by government It is not possible to estimate the extent to which school and private management, and public expenditure on distance is associated with enrollment. education by level on education and composition of spending. MHRD’s Selected Education Statistics does not contain information on unrecognized private schools. It has The 6th and 7th All India Education Surveys (1993 information on the number of schools, but not student and 2002) provides information on school facilities enrollment, by government and private management. and services, student enrollment, and teacher and principal qualifications and deployment in rural Studies on secondary education in India are far fewer than and urban areas. those regarding elementary education. There have been no impact evaluations on what interventions are effective in A Survey of Government and Private Secondary expanding enrollment and raising student achievement. Schools in Rajasthan and Orissa (2005) provided In addition, there have been no studies on issues such in-depth information on the characteristics as teacher absenteeism and accountability. Additional of students, teachers, schools, and on student research needs to be undertaken to fill these gaps. Abstract The dramatic growth in Indian elementary education Government has an important role to play in improving enrollment and improvements in retention and transition equity of secondary education. The bulk of the growth in rates
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Foreign Affairs Record
    1996 January Volume No XLII No 1 1995 CONTENTS Foreign Affairs Record VOL XLII NO 1 January, 1996 CONTENTS BRAZIL Visit of His Excellency Dr. Fernando Henrique Cardoso, President of the Federative Republic of Brazil to India 1 External Affairs Minister of India called on President of the Federative Republic of Brazil 1 Prime Minister of India met the President of Brazil 2 CAMBODIA External Affairs Minister's visit to Cambodia 3 Visit to India by First Prime Minister of Cambodia 4 Visit of First Prime Minister of Cambodia H.R.H. Samdech Krom Preah 4 CANADA Visit of Canadian Prime Minister to India 5 Joint Statement 6 FRANCE Condolence Message from the President of India to President of France on the Passing away of the former President of France 7 Condolence Message from the Prime Minister of India to President of France on the Passing away of the Former President of France 7 INDIA Agreement signed between India and Pakistan on the Prohibition of attack against Nuclear Installations and facilities 8 Nomination of Dr. (Smt.) Najma Heptullah, Deputy Chairman, Rajya Sabha by UNDP to serve as a Distinguished Human Development Ambassador 8 Second Meeting of the India-Uganda Joint Committee 9 Visit of Secretary General of Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) to India 10 IRAN Visit of Foreign Minister of Iran to India 10 LAOS External Affairs Minister's visit to Laos 11 NEPAL Visit of External Affairs Minister to Nepal 13 OFFICIAL SPOKESMAN'S STATEMENTS Discussion on Political and Economic Deve- lopments in the region
    [Show full text]
  • The Role of Collective Mobilization In
    THE ROLE OF COLLECTIVE MOBILIZATION IN THE DIVERGENCE OF THE RURAL ECONOMIES OF CHINA AND INDIA (1950-1990) by Burak Gürel A dissertation submitted to Johns Hopkins University in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Baltimore, Maryland February, 2015 @ 2015 Burak Gürel All Rights Reserved ABSTRACT The economic divergence of China and India in the post-1950 era has appeared as one of the most intriguing puzzles of comparative and historical social sciences in recent decades. In 1950, although both countries were very poor, China was much poorer, with a per capita GDP 38% less than that of India. This situation changed completely in the decades following Indian independence (1947) and the Chinese Revolution (1949). China’s economy caught up with India’s in 1978 and greatly surpassed it later on, making its per capita GDP 30% higher than India’s in 1990. The differential performance of their rural economies contributed significantly to this outcome. This study argues that this outcome was closely related to two countries’ differential performance in the development of physical infrastructure and human capital in the countryside. In China, the radical land reform of 1947-52 and the rural collectivization after 1952 eliminated the power of the rural elite, flattened the political economic terrain, and enabled the state to establish the rural collectives. By mobilizing unpaid labor and financial resources of the villagers through the mediation of the rural collectives, the Chinese state developed rural infrastructure, technology, and human capital at a pace and geographical scope that was far beyond its limited fiscal capacity.
    [Show full text]
  • The Impact of Women's Political Reservations on Female Child Mortality in India
    Claremont Colleges Scholarship @ Claremont Scripps Senior Theses Scripps Student Scholarship 2018 Voices of Women: The mpI act of Women's Political Reservations on Female Child Mortality in India Kohsheen Sharma Scripps College Recommended Citation Sharma, Kohsheen, "Voices of Women: The mpI act of Women's Political Reservations on Female Child Mortality in India" (2018). Scripps Senior Theses. 1134. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/1134 This Open Access Senior Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Scripps Student Scholarship at Scholarship @ Claremont. It has been accepted for inclusion in Scripps Senior Theses by an authorized administrator of Scholarship @ Claremont. For more information, please contact [email protected]. VOICES OF WOMEN: THE IMPACT OF WOMEN’S POLITICAL RESERVATIONS ON FEMALE CHILD MORTALITY IN INDIA by KOHSHEEN S. SHARMA SUBMITTED TO SCRIPPS COLLEGE IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF ARTS PROFESSOR NANCY NEIMAN AUERBACH PROFESSOR NAYANA BOSE DECEMBER 8, 2017 Sharma 2 Acknowledgments I would like to thank my incredible professors, Nayana Bose, Nancy Neiman Auerbach, and Vanessa Tyson for providing me with vital feedback and guidance throughout this entire process. I would also like to extend my deepest love and gratitude to my family and friends who provided me with the emotional support, confidence, and laughter necessary for me to complete this work. A special shoutout to my sister, Mehul, for fixing my careless grammar mistakes and always being ready to pick up my late night phone calls. Lastly, I would like to acknowledge the countless number of missing females in India and the people doing the important work of reducing female child mortality in the country.
    [Show full text]
  • A Study of Human Rights Violation by Police in India
    International Journal of Criminology and Sociological Theory, Vol. 3, No. 2, December 2010, 401-418 A Study of Human Rights Violation by Police in India R.N.Mangoli 1 Ganapati M. Tarase 2 Abstract In India, an attempt has been made since 1999 to gather information on details of cases where human rights were violated due to Police excesses such as `Illegal Detentions’, `Fake Encounters’, `Extortion’, `Torture’, etc. by National Crime Record Bureau, New Delhi and National Human Rights Commission, New Delhi, Under Home Ministry, Government of India. The details are presented by NCRB’s Crime in India Report 2008, that as per the report 253 cases of Human Rights Violation by Police were reported throughout the country during 2008. Only 14 Policemen were charge-sheeted and only 08 of them were convicted for these Human Rights Violations during the year. Chhattisgarh has reported the maximum 233 cases (92.1% of such cases). 59 out of 253 cases were reported under crime head ‘Torture’. 39 and 33 cases were reported underthe head of ‘Extortion’ and ‘Failure in taking action’ respectively. 25 cases reported under the head of ‘False implication’. On the other hand, also Asian Centre for Human Rights (ACHR) in its latest report Torture in India 2009 states that in the last eight years (from April 2001 to March 2009), an estimated 1,184 persons were killed in police custody in India. Most of the victims were killed as a result of torture within the first 48 hours after being taken into custody. The official data available with (TwoCircles.net) says every second police encounter that takes place in the country is fake.
    [Show full text]
  • Enabling Environment and Policy Principles for Replicable Technology Transfer: Lessons from Wind Energy in India
    Emi Mizuno Climate Strategies Cambridge, United Kingdom Enabling environment and policy principles for replicable technology transfer: Lessons from wind energy in India Abstract markets using policy incentives specifically designed for the particular technology; robust project/technology This article examines cross-border technology transfer quality requirements to deter incentive abuse; support between Indian and Danish/German firms in the wind for physical infrastructure development to accelerate the energy industry between 1990 and 2005. The analysis flow of necessary products, components and services; shows the increasing technology gaps between the two and financial and technical support for supply-chain sides during this time period, the fragmented and non- and technology-specific capacity building at firm and performance-oriented market mechanism, the small industry levels. The spectrum of the last, e.g. support market size, the policy inconsistency, the institutional for capacity building from manufacturing via project inadequacy caused by the power sector restructuring execution to operation, depends on each country’s process, the persistent infrastructure deficiency, and the and/or firm’s choices on ‘what to make’ at home and lack of proper oversights, which all contributed to the ‘what to buy’ from outside. Policy decisions in this area slowdown of technology transfer after the initial strong require strong communications with industry players transfer trends. The weak demand-pull and supply- and other experts. push domestic forces in India prevented replicable Financial and political policy sustainability and, overall technology transfer from happening, as technology long-term consistency of policy frameworks with sound providers and collaborators looked elsewhere for more adjustments are essential.
    [Show full text]
  • A Study of Human Rights Violation by Police in India
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by International Journal of Criminology and Sociological Theory (IJCST - York University) International Journal of Criminology and Sociological Theory, Vol. 3, No. 2, December 2010, 401-418 A Study of Human Rights Violation by Police in India R.N.Mangoli 1 Ganapati M. Tarase 2 Abstract In India, an attempt has been made since 1999 to gather information on details of cases where human rights were violated due to Police excesses such as `Illegal Detentions’, `Fake Encounters’, `Extortion’, `Torture’, etc. by National Crime Record Bureau, New Delhi and National Human Rights Commission, New Delhi, Under Home Ministry, Government of India. The details are presented by NCRB’s Crime in India Report 2008, that as per the report 253 cases of Human Rights Violation by Police were reported throughout the country during 2008. Only 14 Policemen were charge-sheeted and only 08 of them were convicted for these Human Rights Violations during the year. Chhattisgarh has reported the maximum 233 cases (92.1% of such cases). 59 out of 253 cases were reported under crime head ‘Torture’. 39 and 33 cases were reported underthe head of ‘Extortion’ and ‘Failure in taking action’ respectively. 25 cases reported under the head of ‘False implication’. On the other hand, also Asian Centre for Human Rights (ACHR) in its latest report Torture in India 2009 states that in the last eight years (from April 2001 to March 2009), an estimated 1,184 persons were killed in police custody in India.
    [Show full text]
  • Jurisprudence of Anti-Terrorism Laws- an Indian Perspective
    Monograph June 2019 Jurisprudence of Anti-Terrorism Laws An Indian Perspective Ramanand Garge Vivekananda International Foundation Jurisprudence of Anti-Terrorism Laws - An Indian Perspective N/;H7=3@3@63"@F7D@3F;A@3>AG@63F;A@ Ramanand Garge Associate Fellow /;H7=3@3@63"@F7D@3F;A@3>AG@63F;A@ ,3@&3DF;@&3D9 :3@3=K3BGD; '7I7>:; -7> 3J ?3;>;@8AH;8;@6;3 AD9 074E;F7III H;8;@6;3 AD9 >>+;9:FE+7E7DH76 'AB3DFA8F:;EBG4>;53F;A@?3K47D7BDA6G576 EFAD76;@3D7FD;7H3> EKEF7? AD FD3@E?;FF76 ;@ 3@K 8AD? AD 4K 3@K ?73@E 7>75FDA@;5 ?75:3@;53> B:AFA5ABK;@9 D75AD6;@9ADAF:7DI;E7I;F:AGFF:7BD;AD B7D?;EE;A@A8F:7BG4>;E:7D )G4>;E:764K/;H7=3@3@63"@F7D@3F;A@3>AG@63F;A@ N/;H7=3@3@63"@F7D@3F;A@3>AG@63F;A@ /;H7=3@3@63"@F7D@3F;A@3>AG@63F;A@ ,3@&3DF;@&3D9 :3@3=K3BGD; '7I7>:; ©-7> Vivekananda 3J International Foundation, 2019 ?3;>;@8AH;8;@6;3 AD9 074E;F7III H;8;@6;3 AD9 Vivekananda International Foundation 3,>>+;9:FE+7E7DH76 San Martin Marg, Chanakyapuri, New Delhi - 110021 Tel: 011-24121764, Fax: 011-66173415 E-mail: [email protected], Website: www.vifindia.org 'AB3DFA8F:;EBG4>;53F;A@?3K47D7BDA6G576 EFAD76;@3D7FD;7H3> AllEKEF7? Rights Reserved. AD FD3@E?;FF76 ;@ 3@K 8AD? AD 4K 3@K ?73@E 7>75FDA@;5 ?75:3@;53> B:AFA5ABK;@9 D75AD6;@9ADAF:7DI;E7I;F:AGFF:7BD;AD NoB7D? part ;EE;A@A8F:7BG4>;E:7D of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form, or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior permission of the publisher.
    [Show full text]
  • Prevention of Hepatitis B in India an Overview
    SEA-Hepat.-5 SEA-EPI-141 Distribution: General Prevention of Hepatitis B in India An Overview World Health Organization Regional Office for South-East Asia New Delhi August 2002 (C) World Health Organization (2002) This document is not a formal publication of the World Health Organization (WHO), and all rights are reserved by the Organization. The document may, however, be freely reviewed, abstracted, reproduced or translated, in part or in whole, but not for sale or for use in conjunction with commercial purposes. The views expressed in documents by named authors are solely the responsibility of those authors. CONTENTS Page 1. HEPATITIS B IN INDIA: BURDEN OF DISEASE ANALYSIS................................1 1.1 Introduction.............................................................................................1 1.2. Background .............................................................................................1 1.3 Hepatitis B Immunization ........................................................................3 1.4 Hepatitis B in India..................................................................................4 1.5 Conclusions and Implications...................................................................9 2. INCLUSION OF HEPATITIS B VACCINE IN NATIONAL IMMUNIZATION PROGRAMME IN INDIA: A REVIEW OF ECONOMIC ANALYSES .................10 2.1 Introduction...........................................................................................10 2.2 Economic Analyses in Health Care.........................................................11
    [Show full text]
  • Child Labor a Review2
    The World Bank December 1994 CHILD LABOR: A REVIEW* by Christiaan Grootaert and Ravi Kanbur Contents: 1. Introduction 2. The Nature and Magnitude of Child Labor 3. The Determinants of Child Labor 4. The Welfare Economics of Child Labor 5. Policy Intervention 6. Conclusion * Background paper for the 1995 World Development Report, on Labor. The authors would like to thank Michael Walton and the 1995 WDR Team for useful feedback on an earlier version of the paper, and Susan Cochrane for sharing her many insights into the links between fertility, education and child labor. Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors only and should not be attributed to the World Bank or its affiliated organizations. 1. Introduction - 2 - Child labor is upsetting. The popular images in the developed world are drawn from Dickens and the “dark, satanic mills” of the industrial revolution on the one hand, and the sweatshops and street children of the cities of the developing world on the other. A common, and natural enough, reaction in developing countries has been legislation to ban child labor, following the historical lead of the developed world as it emerged from its period of industrialization. In fact, trade sanctions are being recommended in some developed countries, against the exports of developing countries that use child labor. Many, including developing country governments, see this as a thinly disguised protectionist device. Many others, economists among them, have argued that child labor legislation, even if it could be enforced, is not the only way, or necessarily the best way, of tackling the issue.
    [Show full text]