DOCSLIB.ORG

The Religion of the Chinese

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Religion of the Chinese THE RELIGION OF THE CHINESE BY J?J/M. DEGROOT, Ph.D. PROFESSOR OF ETHNOCRAPHY IN THI UNIVERSITY OP LEYDEN. HOLLAND jBrto got* THE MACMILLAN COMPANY 1912 AM rights rit*rv*d THE MACMILLAN COMPANY HBW YORK • R05TON • CHICAGO ATLANTA • SAN FRANCISCO MACMILLAN & CO, I.mitkd LONDON • KOMKAT • CALCUTTA MFI.ftOl'RNK THE MACMILLAN CO. OF CANADA. Ltd TORONTO THE HARTFORD-LAM SON LECTURES ON THE RELIGIONS OF THE WORLD THE RELIGION OF THE CHINESE CominiT, 1910 Bv THE MACMILLAN COMPANY 8*tupind tlrctrotyped. Tubllthcd January, 191 Krprlntrd .November, 191 J rvi MAHON TIENHY nut ■rwAii'fi.. Htm york NOTE Thr Hartford-Lamson Lectures on "The Re World" ligions of the are delivered at Hartford Theological Seminary in connection with the Lam- son Fund, which was established by a group of friends in honor of the late Charles M. Lamsun, D.D., sometime President of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, to assist in preparing students for the foreign missionary field. The Lectures are designed primarily to give to such students a good knowledge of the religious history, beliefs, and customs of the peoples among whom they expect to labor. As they are delivered by scholars of the first rank, who are authorities in their respective fields, it is expected that in pub lished form they will prove to be of value to students generally. For the use of students desiring to examine more in detail the subject of these Lectures, the following list is given of works by Dr. DcGroot, treating of the Religion of the Chinese. Lcs Fetes nnnuellemcnt celcbrecs a Emoui (Amoy). Ktude concernant la Religion |>optilaire ties C'hinois. Two Volumes 40, 832 pages. Illus trated. Published in the Annates tin Music (unmet, 1886. Lc Code (hi Mahayana en Giine. Son influence sur la Vis Monacale et sur le monile laignc Published by the Royal Academy of Sciences at Amsterdam, 1893. Imp. 8°, 276 pages. Sectarianism Lnd Religious Persecution in China. A page in the History of Religions. Published by the Royal Academy of Sciences at Amster dam ; 1903-1004. Two Volumes Imp. 8°, 595 pages. The Religious System of China. Its ancient forms, evolution, history, and present aspect. Man ners, custom, and social institutions connected therewith. Part I. Disposal of the Dead. Vol Mil, 1468 pages. Part II. On the Soul and Ancestral Worship. Vol. IV. The Soul in Philosophy and Folk-conception. Vol. V. Demonology.—Sorcery. Vol. VI. The War against Specters.— The Priesthood of Animism. vi CONTENTS FACE Introduction i Universalistic Animism. Polydemonism. 3 The Struggle Against Specters 33 Ancestral Worship 62 Confucianism 89 Taoism 132 Buddhism—I 164 Buddhism—II 190 vii INTRODUCTION Is China's religion a world-religion, and as such worth studying? A place as a world-religion must, without hesi tation, be assigned to it on account of the vast number of its adherents. It has extended the circle of its influence far beyond the boundaries of the empire proper, and has gained access, together with Chinese culture generally, into Korea, Japan, Manchuria, and Turkestan, as well as into Indo- China, though, of course, in modified forms. Hence a proper understanding of the religions of East Asia in general requires in the first place an under standing of the religion of China. China's religion proper, that is to say, apart from Buddhism, which is of foreign introduction, is a spontaneous product, spontaneously developed in the course of time. Its origin is lost in the night of ages. But there is no reason to doubt, that it is the first religion the Chinese race ever had. Theories advanced by some I l 2 introduction •dentists that its origin may be looked for in Chal dean or Bactrian countries must as yet be rejected as having no solid foundation. It has had its patri archs and apostles, whose writings, or the writings about whom, hold a pre-eminent position; but it has had no founders comparable with Buddha or Mohammed. It has had a spontaneous birth on China's soil. Since its birth, it has developed itself under the influence of the strongest conservatism. Its prime val forms were never, as far as is historically known, swept away by any other religion, or by tidal waves of religious movement and revolution. Buddhism eradicated nothing; the religion of the Crescent is only at the beginning of its work ; that of the Cross has hardly passed the threshold of China. In order to understand its actual state, we have to distinguish sharply between its native, and its exotic or Buddhist element. It is the native element which will occupy us first and principally. CHAPTER I Universalistic Animism. Polydemonism The primeval form of the religion of the Chinese, and its very core to this day, is Animism. It is then the same element which is also found to be the root, the central nerve, of many primeval religions, the same even which eminent thinkers of our time, as Herbert Spencer, have put in the fore ground of their systems as the beginning of all human religion of whatever kind. In China it is based on an implicit belief in the animation of the universe, and of every being or thing which exists in it. The oldest and holiest books of the empire teach that the universe con sists of two souls or breaths, called Yang and Yin, the Yang representing light, warmth, produc tivity, and life, also the heavens from which all these good things emanate ; and the Yin being associated with darkness, cold, death, and the earth. The Yang is subdivided into an indefinite number of good souls or spirits, called shen, the Yin into par- 4 THB RELIGION OF THE CHINESE tides or evil spirits, called kwei, specters ; it is these shen and kwei which animate every being and every thing. It is they also which constitute the soul of man. His shcn, also called hwun, imma terial, '.-thereat, like hesven it.elf from which it emanates, constitutes his intellect and the finer parts of his character, his virtues, while his kwei, or poh, is thought to represent his less refined qualities, his passions, vices, they being borrowed from material earth. Birth consists in an infusion of these souls; death in their departure, the shen returning to the Yang or heaven, the kwei to the Yin or caith. Thus man is an intrinsic part of the universe, a microcosmos, born from the macrocosmos spon taneously. But why should man alone be endowed by the universe with a dual soul? Every animal, every plant, even every object which we are wont to call a dead object, has received from the universe the souls which constitute its life, and which may confer blessing on man or may harm him. A shen in fact, being a part of the Yang or the beatific half of the universe, is generally considered to be a good spirit or god; a kwei, however, belonging to the Yin or other half, is, as a rule, a spirit of evil, we POLYDEMONJSM UNIVERSALISTIC ANIMISM. 5 demon. There is no should say a devil, specter, shen comes from the good in nature but that which the kwei cause or or gods; no evil but that which inflict. With these dogmata before us, we may now say of re that the main base of the Chinese system universe ligion is a Universalistic Animism. The being in all its parts crowded with shen and kwei, Polytheistic that system is, moreover, thoroughly and Polydemonistic. The gods are such shen as animate heaven, sun, moon, the stars, wind, rain, clouds, thunder, fire, the earth, seas, mountains, — rivers, rocks, stones, animals, plants, things in particular also the souls of deceased men. And as to the demon world, nowhere under heaven is it so populous as in China. Kwei swarm everywhere, in numbers inestimable. It is an axiom which con stantly comes out in conversing with the people, that they haunt every frequented and lonely spot, and that no place exists where man is safe from them. Public roads are haunted by them every where, especially during the night, when the power of the Yin part of the universe, to which specters belong, is strongest. Numerous, in fact, are the tales of wretches who, having been accosted by 6 THE RELIGION OP THE CHINESE such natural foes of man, were found dead by the roadside, without the slightest wound or injury being visible: their souls had simply been snatched out of them. Many victims of such encounters could find their way home, but merely to die miserably shortly after. Others, hit by devilish arrows, were visited with boils or tumors, which carried them off, or they died without even any such visible marks of the shots. And how many way farers have fallen in with whole gangs of demons, with whom they engaged in pitched battles? They might stand their ground most heroically, and ulti mately worst their assailants; yet, hardly at home, they succumbed to disease and death. Ghosts of improperly buried dead, haunting dwellings with injurious effect, and not laid until re-buried decently, arc the subject of many tales. Especially singular, but very common, it is, to read of hosts of specters setting whole towns and coun tries in commotion, and utterly demoralizing the people. Armies of spectral soldiers, foot and horse, arc heard moving through the sky, especially at night, kidnaping children, smiting people with disease and death, playing tricks of all sorts, even obscenities, compelling men to defend themselves UNIVERSALISTIC ANIMISM. POLYDEMONISM 7 with noise of gongs, drums and kettles, with bows, torches and swords and spears, and with flaming fires.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Traditional Chinese Medicine and Modern Medicine --- When East Meets West
    TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE AND MODERN MEDICINE --- WHEN EAST MEETS WEST BY MK Sastry TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE (TCM) Simplified Chinese: 中医学 Traditional Chinese: 中醫學 Pin Yin: zhōng yī xué HISTORY OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE TCM MODERN MEDICINE Several Thousand Years Several Hundred Years Huang-di Nei-jing (Canon of Medicine): Suwen and Lingshu The earlist medical classic in China Compiled between 500 – 300 B.C. Summary of the medical experience and theoretical knowledge including yin-yang, the five elements, zang- fu, meridians (channels and collaterals), qi (vital energy) and blood, etiology, pathology, dignostic methods, differentiation of syndromes, As well as basic knowledge of acupuncture points and needling methods PRACTICES OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE MODERN MEDICINE Internal Medicine Surgery Immunotherapy Radiotherapy Chemotherapy 1. Chinese Herbal Medicine 中药 2. Acupuncture and Moxibustion 針灸 Cupping Gua Sha 刮痧 3. Chinese Massage – Tui Na 推拿 Die-da or Tieh Ta – 跌打 THE BASIC THEORIES OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE MODERN MEDICINE Anatomy Biology Physiology Biochemistry Immunology Microbiology Genetics Pathology Radiology 1. Yin-Yang Theory 2. The Five Elements 3. Zang-Fu Therory 4. Meridians (Channels and Collaterals) 5. Qi, Blood, and Body Fluid THE THEORIES OF YIN-YANG AND FIVE ELEMENTS The theories of yin-yang and the five elements were two kinds of outlook on nature in ancient China Chinese ancient physicians applied these two theories in traditional Chinese medicine, which have guided clinical practice up to
    [Show full text]
  • Effect of Wine and Vinegar Processing of Rhizoma Corydalis on the Tissue Distribution of Tetrahydropalmatine, Protopine and Dehydrocorydaline in Rats
    Michigan Technological University Digital Commons @ Michigan Tech Michigan Tech Publications 1-18-2012 Effect of wine and vinegar processing of Rhizoma Corydalis on the tissue distribution of tetrahydropalmatine, protopine and dehydrocorydaline in rats Zhiying Dou Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Kefeng Li Michigan Technological University Ping Wang Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Liu Cao Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/michigantech-p Part of the Biology Commons Recommended Citation Dou, Z., Li, K., Wang, P., & Cao, L. (2012). Effect of wine and vinegar processing of Rhizoma Corydalis on the tissue distribution of tetrahydropalmatine, protopine and dehydrocorydaline in rats. Molecules, 17(1), 951-970. http://doi.org/10.3390/molecules17010951 Retrieved from: https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/michigantech-p/1969 Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/michigantech-p Part of the Biology Commons Molecules 2012, 17, 951-970; doi:10.3390/molecules17010951 OPEN ACCESS molecules ISSN 1420-3049 www.mdpi.com/journal/molecules Article Effect of Wine and Vinegar Processing of Rhizoma Corydalis on the Tissue Distribution of Tetrahydropalmatine, Protopine and Dehydrocorydaline in Rats Zhiying Dou 1,*, Kefeng Li 2, Ping Wang 1 and Liu Cao 1 1 College of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China 2 Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA; E-Mail: [email protected] * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel./Fax: +86-22-5959-6235. Received: 29 November 2011; in revised form: 5 January 2012 / Accepted: 9 January 2012 / Published: 18 January 2012 Abstract: Vinegar and wine processing of medicinal plants are two traditional pharmaceutical techniques which have been used for thousands of years in China.
    [Show full text]
  • Breathing Signature As Vitality Score Index Created by Exercises of Qigong: Implications of Artificial Intelligence Tools Used in Traditional Chinese Medicine
    Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology Viewpoint Breathing Signature as Vitality Score Index Created by Exercises of Qigong: Implications of Artificial Intelligence Tools Used in Traditional Chinese Medicine Junjie Zhang 1, Qingning Su 2, William G. Loudon 3, Katherine L. Lee 4, Jane Luo 5, Brent A. Dethlefs 6 and Shengwen Calvin Li 7,8,* 1 School of Physical Training and Physical Therapy, Shenzhen University, 3688 Nanhai Avenue, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518060, China 2 Center of Bioengineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, 3688 Nanhai Avenue, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518060, China 3 Neuroscience Institute, Children’s Hospital of Orange County, Gamma Knife Center of Southern California, Department of Neurosurgery, University of California-Irvine School of Medicine, Orange, CA 92612, USA 4 School of Social Ecology, University of California-Irvine, 5300 Social and Behavioral Sciences Gateway, Irvine, CA 92697-7050, USA 5 AB Sciex, Inc., Danaher Corporation, 250 South Kraemer Boulevard, Brea, CA 92821-6232, USA 6 CHOC Children’s Research Institute, Children’s Hospital of Orange County (CHOC), 1201 W. La Veta Ave., Orange, CA 92868-3874, USA 7 Neuro-Oncology and Stem Cell Research Laboratory (NSCL), CHOC Children’s Research Institute (CCRI), Children’s Hospital of Orange County (CHOC), 1201 W. La Veta Ave., Orange, CA 92868-3874, USA 8 Department of Neurology, University of California-Irvine (UCI) School of Medicine, 200 S Manchester Ave Ste 206, Orange, CA 92868, USA * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-714-509-4964; Fax: +1-714-509-4318 Received: 4 September 2019; Accepted: 27 November 2019; Published: 3 December 2019 Abstract: Rising concerns about the short- and long-term detrimental consequences of administration of conventional pharmacopeia are fueling the search for alternative, complementary, personalized, and comprehensive approaches to human healthcare.
    [Show full text]
  • Up-Regulation on Cytochromes P450 in Rat Mediated by Total Alkaloid Extract from Corydalis Yanhusuo
    Yan et al. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2014, 14:306 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6882/14/306 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Up-regulation on cytochromes P450 in rat mediated by total alkaloid extract from Corydalis yanhusuo Jingjing Yan1, Xin He1,2*, Shan Feng1, Yiran Zhai1, Yetao Ma1, Sheng Liang1 and Chunhuan Jin1 Abstract Background: Yanhusuo (Corydalis yanhusuo W.T. Wang; YHS), is a well-known traditional Chinese herbal medicine, has been used in China for treating pain including chest pain, epigastric pain, and dysmenorrhea. Its alkaloid ingredients including tetrahydropalmatine are reported to inhibit cytochromes P450 (CYPs) activity in vitro. The present study is aimed to assess the potential of total alkaloid extract (TAE) from YHS to effect the activity and mRNA levels of five cytochromes P450 (CYPs) in rat. Methods: Rats were administered TAE from YHS (0, 6, 30, and 150 mg/kg, daily) for 14 days, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels in serum were assayed, and hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections of the liver were prepared for light microscopy. The effects of TAE on five CYPs activity and mRNA levels were quantitated by cocktail probe drugs using a rapid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), respectively. Results: In general, serum ALT levels showed no significant changes, and the histopathology appeared largely normal compared with that in the control rats. At 30 and 150 mg/kg TAE dosages, an increase in liver CYP2E1 and CYP3A1 enzyme activity were observed. Moreover, the mRNA levels of CYP2E1 and CYP3A1 in the rat liver, lung, and intestine were significantly up-regulated with TAE from 6 and 30 mg/kg, respectively.
    [Show full text]
  • Zang Fu 2 Class: Combined Organ Patterns Instructor: Lorraine Wilcox L.Ac
    Zang Fu 2 Class: Combined Organ Patterns Instructor: Lorraine Wilcox L.Ac. [email protected] Table of Contents COMBINED PATTERNS...........................................................................................2 Liver qi invading the spleen 肝氣犯脾.....................................................................2 Liver qi invading the stomach 肝氣犯胃..................................................................2 Liver fire invading the lungs 肝火犯肺....................................................................3 Liver-kidney yin vacuity 肝腎陰虛 .........................................................................3 Non-interaction of heart and kidneys 心腎不交 .......................................................4 Lung-kidney yin vacuity 肺腎陰虛..........................................................................5 Liver-heart blood vacuity 肝心血虛 ........................................................................5 Spleen-liver blood vacuity 脾肝血虛.......................................................................6 Dual vacuity of heart and spleen 心脾俱虛..............................................................6 Heart-lung qi vacuity 心肺氣虛...............................................................................7 Lung-spleen qi vacuity 肺脾氣虛 ............................................................................7 Heart-kidney yang vacuity 心腎陽虛.......................................................................8 Spleen-kidney yang vacuity 脾腎陽虛.....................................................................8
    [Show full text]
  • Yanhusuo Extract Inhibits Metastasis of Breast Cancer Cells by Modulating Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling Pathways
    819-824 12/9/08 15:25 Page 819 ONCOLOGY REPORTS 20: 819-824, 2008 819 Yanhusuo extract inhibits metastasis of breast cancer cells by modulating mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways JIAN-LI GAO1, JUN-MIN SHI1, KAI HE2, QING-WEN ZHANG1, SHAO-PING LI1, SIMON MING-YUEN LEE1 and YI-TAO WANG1 1Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078; 2The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China Received April 2, 2008; Accepted May 22, 2008 DOI: 10.3892/or_00000079 Abstract. Yanhusuo (Corydalis yanhusuo W.T. Wang) is a terminal cancer for thousands of years in China. In TCM, well-known traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). In this study, YHS is commonly used to dispel stasis and move qi, we attempted to characterize in detail the signaling cascades reinforce vital energy and alleviates painful conditions such as that produce its anti-metastatic effect on the human breast headache, chest pain, epigastric pain, abdominal pain and cancer cell line, MDA-MB-231. We found that the yanhusuo backache (5). extract inhibited the migration and invasion of MDA-MB-231 The main active constituents isolated from YHS are cells in vitro. In addition, the yanhusuo extract inhibited the alkaloids (6) and several studies have shown that these mRNA expression and activity of metalloproteinase-9 possess potential anti-tumor activity, including anti-metastatic (MMP-9). The anti-cancer metastasis effect of yanhusuo activity. For example, dl-tetrahydropalmatine (dl-THP) involved the activation of p38 and inhibition of ERK1/2 and depresses LPS-induced overexpression of ICAM-1 and E- SAPK/JNK mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) selectin in human umbilical vein endothelium cells (7); dl-THP signaling.
    [Show full text]
  • A Medieval, Central Asian Buddhist Theme in a Late Ming Taoist Tale by Feng Meng-Lung
    SINO-PLATONIC PAPERS Number 95 May, 1999 A Medieval, Central Asian Buddhist Theme in a Late Ming Taoist Tale by Feng Meng-lung by Victor H. Mair Victor H. Mair, Editor Sino-Platonic Papers Department of East Asian Languages and Civilizations University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA 19104-6305 USA [email protected] www.sino-platonic.org SINO-PLATONIC PAPERS FOUNDED 1986 Editor-in-Chief VICTOR H. MAIR Associate Editors PAULA ROBERTS MARK SWOFFORD ISSN 2157-9679 (print) 2157-9687 (online) SINO-PLATONIC PAPERS is an occasional series dedicated to making available to specialists and the interested public the results of research that, because of its unconventional or controversial nature, might otherwise go unpublished. The editor-in-chief actively encourages younger, not yet well established, scholars and independent authors to submit manuscripts for consideration. Contributions in any of the major scholarly languages of the world, including romanized modern standard Mandarin (MSM) and Japanese, are acceptable. In special circumstances, papers written in one of the Sinitic topolects (fangyan) may be considered for publication. Although the chief focus of Sino-Platonic Papers is on the intercultural relations of China with other peoples, challenging and creative studies on a wide variety of philological subjects will be entertained. This series is not the place for safe, sober, and stodgy presentations. Sino- Platonic Papers prefers lively work that, while taking reasonable risks to advance the field, capitalizes on brilliant new insights into the development of civilization. Submissions are regularly sent out to be refereed, and extensive editorial suggestions for revision may be offered. Sino-Platonic Papers emphasizes substance over form.
    [Show full text]
  • Tai Chi, Qigong and the Treatment of Cancer
    Review Article ISSN: 2574 -1241 DOI: 10.26717/BJSTR.2021.34.005621 Tai Chi, Qigong and the Treatment of Cancer Robert W McGee* Department of Graduate and Professional Studies in Business, Fayetteville State University, USA *Corresponding author: Robert W McGee, Department of Graduate and Professional Studies in Business, Fayetteville State University, USA ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Received: March 24, 2021 Qigong has been a part of traditional Chinese medicine [TCM] for thousands of years. Tai chi is a more recent addition to the TCM toolbox. They have been used to treat a Published: March 31, 2021 wide variety of illnesses. In recent decades they have also been employed to alleviate or reduce the adverse side-effects of chemotherapy and other western medical treatments for cancer and other diseases. Thousands of medical studies have been conducted to Citation: Robert W McGee. Tai Chi, Qigong determine the effectiveness of these treatments on a wide range of illnesses. This paper and the Treatment of Cancer. Biomed reports on or summarizes dozens of studies where tai chi and/or qigong have been used J Sci & Tech Res 34(5)-2021. BJSTR. to reduce or alleviate the adverse side-effects that result from surgery, chemotherapy, MS.ID.005621. and other treatments for cancer. A qigong or tai chi regimen can often reduce fatigue, insomnia, dyspnea, numbness, heartburn, dizziness, psychological distress, cognitive Keywords: Cancer; Qigong; Tai Chi; Taiji; impairment, heart rate variability, recovery time, nausea, pain, discomfort, anxiety and Traditional Chinese Medicine; TCM; Bad- uanjin depression, and can increase bone density, self-efficacy, muscular strength, immune function, longevity, ambulatory stability, joint flexibility, and the overall quality of life.
    [Show full text]
  • Wu Xing (5 Phases)
    Wu Xing (5 phases) Author : - Dr. Edward Tsang (registered Chinese Herbalist & Acupuncturist ) Wu Zhu Metaphysician ՗)found that۔) An Ancient Chinese philosopher and metaphysician, Lao Zi the unlimited universe is limitless, endless, infinity, infinite This is called Wu Ji (ྤᄕ). Wu Ji created Tai Ji (֜ᄕ), a magnificent “Sun”. Tai Ji created Er Yi (ԲᏚ), Huan & Rose (1999).Who can ride the Dragon. p.204: “Wu Ji, infinity, infinite, limitlessness; a term from Daoist metaphysics referring to the state or condition of existence prior to the differentiation of yin and yang”, “The grand ultimate; extreme limit ; referring to the essential reduction of all matter, energy, space, and time to their irreducible components, yin and yang” .(Er Yi created Si Xiang ( ؄ွ), Four Seasons ; Si Xiang created Ba Qua (Զ࠳ According to Daoism, due to the four different exchanging seasons in a year, there are Spring, Summer, Autumn, Winter , Morning, Noon, afternoon, Night and Ba Qua reflects eight positions, such as, Li Qua (ᠦ࠳ )= South ; K’an Qua (݂࠳) =North ; Chen Qua (ᔼ࠳) = East ; Tui Qua (܋࠳) = West ; Sun Qua (༎࠳) = Southeast ; = (Chien Qua (೓) = Northwest ; K’un Qua (ࡗ࠳) = Southwest ; Gen Qua (ۤ࠳ ٣֚Զ࠳) and Hou Tian Ba) Northeast. Ba Qua is divided into Xian Tian Ba Qua : Qua (৵֚Զ࠳) as shown below Xian Tiam Ba Qua Hou Tian Ba Qua Among the Ba Qua, there are Yang and Yin Qua. Three continuous non-broken lines represents Yang (male, oldest man in the house, very yang) and Three broken-line represents Yin (female, oldest woman in the house, very yin). Following Diagrams reflects eight position of the Universe.
    [Show full text]
  • Traditional Chinese Medicine
    Perspective J Complement Med Alt Healthcare Volume 3 Issue 1 - 2017 August Copyright © All rights are reserved by Wei Cen DOI: 10.19080/JCMAH.2017.03.555605 Mental Activity and Organ: Specific Emotions to Specific Organs? Wei Cen1, 2*, Ralph Hoppe3 and Ning Gu4 1Technische Universitäet Ilmenau, Germany 2Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, China 3Ganzheitliches Gesundheits Zentrum, Germany 4The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, China Submission: July 27, 2017; Published: August 07,2017 *Corresponding author: Wei Cen, Technische Universitäet Ilmenau, 98684, Germany, Email: Abstract In Traditional Chinese Medicine, the seven emotions, namely joy, anger, anxiety, contemplation, grief, fear and fright, directly affect the corresponding organs to bring on diseases. This is known as “internal injury caused by the seven emotions”. This traditional notion may offer a different way of thinking about how to treat diseases. Breathing rhythms can change in response to changes in emotions, such as sadness, natural frequency. happiness, anxiety or fear. This may open a door for research that could link specific emotions to specific organs as every organ has its own Keywords: Emotion; Organ; Natural frequency; Breathing rhythms Introduction The 2nd-century physician Galen is said to have observed that women with melancholic dispositions seemed more dissipate; fright results in disorder of the Qi; and anxiety brings inclined to breast cancer than those of a sanguine bent [1]. This about the depression of the Qi.” The dysfunction in ascending Researchers do have found that breathing rhythms can change great observation links physical diseases with mental activities, and descending of Qi will lead to changes in breathing rhythms.
    [Show full text]
  • Original Article the Effects of Acupuncture at Different Intervention Time Points on Nausea and Vomiting Caused by Cisplatin Chemotherapy in Patients with Lung Cancer
    Int J Clin Exp Med 2020;13(10):7965-7971 www.ijcem.com /ISSN:1940-5901/IJCEM0112962 Original Article The effects of acupuncture at different intervention time points on nausea and vomiting caused by cisplatin chemotherapy in patients with lung cancer Peiyu Cheng, Xiaomin Wang Department of Oncology, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010, China Received April 21, 2020; Accepted June 1, 2020; Epub October 15, 2020; Published October 30, 2020 Abstract: Objective: To explore the effects of the timing of acupuncture intervention on nausea and vomiting (CINV) caused by cisplatin in patients with lung cancer. Methods: A total of 105 patients with lung cancer were randomly divided into a pre-chemotherapy acupuncture group (PRG) who receive acupuncture 30 minutes before chemo- therapy, a post-chemotherapy acupuncture group (POG) who receive acupuncture 30 minutes after chemotherapy, and a control group who were not given acupuncture intervention. Complete remission (CR) rate and the response rate of chemotherapy-related nausea and vomiting after acupuncture intervention at different times, frequency of nausea and vomiting and their total score on INVR scale were compared. Results: There were statistically significant differences in the response and CR rates between the PRG, POG and control group 3 days before chemotherapy (all P < 0.05). In terms of INVR scores, no statistical difference between the POG and control group on the first day of chemotherapy, but the PRG differed significantly from the POG and control group (P < 0.05). On the 2nd to 7th day of chemotherapy, the difference between the three groups was statistically significant (P < 0.05).
    [Show full text]
  • Daoism in the Twentieth Century: Between Eternity and Modernity
    UC Berkeley GAIA Books Title Daoism in the Twentieth Century: Between Eternity and Modernity Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/13w4k8d4 Authors Palmer, David A. Liu, Xun Publication Date 2012-02-15 License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ 4.0 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Daoism in the Twentieth Century Between Eternity and Modernity Edited by David A. Palmer and Xun Liu Published in association with the University of California Press “This pioneering work not only explores the ways in which Daoism was able to adapt and reinvent itself during China’s modern era, but sheds new light on how Daoism helped structure the development of Chinese religious culture. The authors also demon- strate Daoism’s role as a world religion, particularly in terms of emigration and identity. The book’s sophisticated approach transcends previous debates over how to define the term ‘Daoism,’ and should help inspire a new wave of research on Chinese religious movements.” PAUL R. KATZ, Academia Sinica, Taiwan In Daoism in the Twentieth Century an interdisciplinary group of scholars ex- plores the social history and anthropology of Daoism from the late nineteenth century to the present, focusing on the evolution of traditional forms of practice and community, as well as modern reforms and reinventions both within China and on the global stage. Essays investigate ritual specialists, body cultivation and meditation traditions, monasticism, new religious movements, state-spon- sored institutionalization, and transnational networks. DAVID A. PALMER is a professor of sociology at Hong Kong University.
    [Show full text]