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The Fish, P 245-2877 Fish of the Marine Reserve 245-287Optimised

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The Fish, P 245-2877 Fish of the Marine Reserve 245-287Optimised 245 Family: Tr ipt erygi idae Helcogramma species A - chequered blenny DESCRIPTION: This fish has a mottled greenish-grey and white chequer- board pattern which renders it almost invisible against the barnacle covered rocky faces on which it lives . The anterior dorsal fin is often marked with a blue or red dot. The males display brillant sexual ~ colouration while courting and spawning. The body becomes dark blue-black and the first dorsal fin and the upper portion of the pectoral fins are bright red. After spawning this colour rapidly fades until the males are only slightly darker than the females. Adult size ranges from 40-70mm in the Reserve. These are solitary fish with large overlapping home ranges. The males may defend small breeding territories during the breeding season. DISTRIBUTION: General: The chequered blenny "is endemic to New Zealand. The full extent of its distribution is unknown, but it probably occurs throughout New Zealand. It is a predominantly intertidal species with a few individuals inhabiting shallow subtidal waters„ Local: This is one of the most common intertidal fish in the Reserve. It is most abundant in the middle and lower level tide- pools . FEEDING: Foraging occurs in the tidepools and in the swash zone when the tide is in. Principal food items are amphipods, isopods, polychaetes and small gastropods. Barnacle cirri and sandflies are also eaten. LIFE HISTORY: Age and growth: Individuals can live for up to 3 years in the Reserve. Newly settled fish 20-25mm long, have grown to reach 50-55mm by the end of their first year. They reach sexual maturity in that year at a size of 40-45mm. Reproduction: The breeding season extends from May to September. Spawning occurs in the swash zone from mid to high tide. The eggs are laid in empty barnacle shells or in deep cracks in the rock face and are exposed to the air at low tide. The male guards the nest during the time they are covered with water. Juveniles settle into the intertidal region between August and December. 246a Hefcoqramma sp.A (D. iv. xvi -xvii. 12-13; A.is.22 -23; P.16-17; C-12-13.) mate breeding colours 9mm to 70mm V j Distribution'within the Reserve New Zealand distribution r hmm +M»CO common in the intertidal o m £ ® a oQ E 3 z SBR 1 RF ' TF 1 £F 1 SG 1 DR 1 Habitat type Vs. Diet Life history patterns Polychaetes Barnacle cirri 6 °/o Bivalves 5% Crabs 5% spawning Sandflies 5% juveniles 247 Family: Tr ipt erygi idae Helcogramma species B - tiger blenny DESCRIPTION: This tiny, brightly coloured blenny grows only to 30-40mm in length. Body shape is similar to the other tripterygiids, but the head is relatively short and lunt and the pectoral fins are comparatively large. The head, back and sides of the body are red with several irregular orange bars, each of which is edged with lime green. The underside is white. The dorsal fins are red and the first usually has a bright green spot on the lower posterior portion. The other fins are striped yellow and black. During the breeding season, male colouration is similar, but the colours are intensified. The belly becomes bright yellow and there are distinct black markings around the chin and throat. These fish are usually found resting on the sides of large boulders. They are excellently camouflaged against a background of reds, greens and yellows formed by the encrusting invertebrate growth and the turfing red, green and brown algae. DISTRIBUTION: General: Like the other tripterygiids, this species is probably endemic to New Zealand. Its New Zealand distribution is uncertain although it may occur around the entire country. These fish occur on shallow rocky reefs to depths of 4-5m. Local: In the Reserve, tiger blennies have only been observed on the sides of large encrusted boulders in the shallow broken rock habitats, where densities reach about 100 fish per hectare. FEEDING: Small mobile crustacea are picked from among the encrusting plant and animal growth covering the rock surface. LIFE HISTORY: Little is known about this species; however they are probably short lived and grow rapidly to maturity. The extent of the breeding season is uncertain, but spawning has been observed between June and August. The eggs are laid on a rock surface amongst small red algal plants. Males have been observed guarding the nests. 248 Heicograrnma sp. 8 (D. iv. xiv-xvi. 9-11; A. 20-22; P. 15 -17; C.12-13.) ____ ^ — 7mm to 40mm New Zealand distribution Distribution within the Reserve "N 125-i ® «5 100 H om 75- 0 m a 50- a> ja S 3 25- Z SBR 1 RF 1 TF 1 EF 1 SG 1 DR 1 Habitat type -js^ Diet Life history patterns 249 Family: Tr ipt erygi idae GSllobtennluS tripennis - spectacled blenny, stout blenny DESCRIPTION: This Gilloblennius species is identified most easily by the dark rings around the eyes and the black band running between the eyes. Body colouration varies from a uniform reddish-brown to an irregularly barred slate grey» The fins are usually striped red and blue. Breeding males are black with white ventral fins and a bluish- white fringe to the anal fin. In the Reserve the average size of these fish is 45-55mm; however, lengths of up to 80mm have been recorded. The maximum size for this species is 200mm. Spectacled blennies are secretive fish, usually found sheltering under small rocks or in crevices. They are home ranging and mature 2 males defend small territories of about 0.5m , from neighbouring males. DISTRIBUTION: General: This species is endemic to New Zealand and is found around the entire country, on rocky reefs down to depths of 100m. Local: G.tripennis occurs in all habitats in the Reserve. It is most abundant in areas of shallow broken rock where densities can reach about 2,000 fish per- hectare. FEEDING: These fish feed on a wide variety of small benthic animals. Amphipods and hermit crabs form the major part of the diet. LIFE HISTORY: Spectacled blennies live for 2-3 years in the Reserve. Juveniles grow rapidly from a size of 15-20mm to reach maturity in their first year. Spawning occurs between June and November. The eggs are laid on the underside of small rocks within the male1s territory and are guarded by him until all the eggs have hatched. The transparent, spherical eggs are 1.12-1.20mm in diameter. Irregular patches of tendrils on the outer surface anchor the egg to the substratum and neighbouring eggs. The yolk is colourless, about 0.90mm in diameter, and contains 10-11 oil droplets and 3-4 pigment spheres. The newly hatched, larvae are about 5mm long. They still retain a very small yolk sac which is completely reabsorbed by the time they have reached 6mm long (see page 230) . Juvenile settlement occurs between September and December. 250a Gilloblennius tripennss (D.iii. xiv. 15° 16; A.i.24; ¥.2; P. 16.) male breeding colours 9mm to 200 mm New Zealand distribution Distribution within the Reserve 2500- 52000J P7: 4M 0 m 1500H mlb. u. ioooH ® J3 1 500 J z a a ST7\ A rr-A A TF I /E F/ 1 SG1 DR Habitat type 251 Family: Tr ipt erygi idae Gillobleonlus decemdlgitafus - snake blenny, threepenny DESCRIPTION: This species is distinguished from G.tripennis by its more elongate body, flatter and more pointed head and its fin ray counts„ The fish is mottled greenish-grey in appearance and has a series of yellow marks along the sides and back. The fins may be bluish-grey, reddish-orange or striped red and blue. The first dorsal fin usually has a bright blue central spot. Breeding males are dark purple to brown, with a bluish-white fringe to the anal fin. The average size of these fish in the Reserve is 60-90mm; however, in more southerly regions they can grow to lengths of 200mm. Snake biennies are secretive fish and spend most of their time sheltering under rocks and boulders and in crevices. DISTRIBUTION: General: G*decemdigitatus is an endemic species and is found on rocky reefs around the entire New Zealand coast. Local: In the Reserve this fish is found in intertidal and shallow subtidal regions, wherever there is suitable shelter. They are rarely seen at depths greater than 2m. Densities in shallow broken rock habitats have been estimated at 100 fish per hectare. FEEDING: The diet is similar to the other tripterygiids and consists mainly of small crustacea and gastropods. Short forays from shelter are made to look for food. LIFE HISTORY: Nothing is known of the age, growth, age and size at maturity or the social organisation of this species. .• - • . Spawning occurs' between June and October. The eggs are laid on the undersides of flat stones below low tide level, in areas of dense algal growth. The eggs are colourless, spherical and measure 1.12-1.20mm in diameter. The yolk is 0.90mm wide and contains 10-11 oil globules with 3-4 associated pigment spheres. Newly hatched larvae still retain the yolk sac, but this is absorbed by the time the larvae are about 7mm long and about 5 days old (see page 230). 252 Gigfobiennius decerndlgitatus (D.iii. xix.15; A.i.27- 28; ¥.2; P.18-19.) Diet Life history patterns 253 Family: Tr ipt erygi idae Notoclinops segrnentafum - handed blenny DESCRIPTION: This small brightly coloured fish is easily recognised by its red and white barred body and the bright blue ring around the eyes.
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