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Canterbury Tales; with an Essay Upon His Language and Versification, An

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Canterbury Tales; with an Essay Upon His Language and Versification, An FROM A M.S. OF HOCCLETES POEMS.IK THE HABLEIAN ilBRARY. THE CANTERBURY TALES CHAUCER; WITH AN ESSAY UPON HIS LANGUAGE AND VERSIFICATION, AN INTRODUCTORY DISCOURSE, NOTES, AND A GLOSSARY, BY T. TYRWHITT, ESQ. VOL. i. LONDON : PRINTED FOR W. PICKERING, 31, LINCOLN'S-INN FIELDS; AND R. AND S, PftOWETT, 269, STRAND. MDCCCXX1I. T. WHITE & Co Prinun, 14, Ecu Alley, I CONTENTS OF THE FIRST VOLUME. The Preface Page i App^adix to the Preface. (A.) Account of former Editions of the Canterbury Tales x (B.) List of MSS. collated, or consulted, with the Ab breviations by which they are cited xxvi (C.) Abstract of the Historical Passages of the Life of Chaucer xxix Au Account of the Works of Chaucer to which the Glossary is and of those other Pieces which have been adapted j t improperly intermixed with his in the Editions xli An Essay on the Language and Versification of Chaucer. ... 1 An Introductory Discourse to the Canterbury Tales 96 The Prologue * 1 63 Character of the Knight 164 the Squier 166 the Knightes Yeman 167 the Prioresse ibid. the Monk 169 theFrere 171 the Marchant 173 the Clerk of Oxenforde 174 the Sergeant of Lawe 175 VI CONTENTS OF THE FIRST VOLUME. Character of the Frankeleiu Page 176 the Haberdasher, Carpenter, Webbe, Deyer, and Tapiser 177 the Coke 178 the Sbipman ibid. the Doctour of Physike 179 the Wif of Bathe 181 the Persone 182 the Ploughman 184 the Miller ibid. the Manciple 185 the.Reve 186 the Sompnour 188 the Pardoner 189 The Knightes Tale 197 To the Binder. The Portrait of Chaucer to face Title, Vol. I. The Canterbury Pilgrimage, p. 163, Vol. I. THE PREFACE.* THE first object of this publication was to give the text of THE CANTERBURY TALES as correct as the Mss. within the reach of the Editor would enable him to make it. The account of former Editions, in the Appendix to this Preface (A), will shew, that this object had hitherto been either entirely neglected, or at least very imperfectly pursued. The Editor therefore has proceeded as if his author had never been pub lished before. He has formed the text throughout from the Mss. and has paid little regard to the read ings of any edition, except the two by Caxton, each of which may now be considered as a Manuscript. A List of the Mss. collated, or consulted, upon this occasion is subjoined (B). In order to make the proper use of these Mss., to unravel the confusions of their orthography, and to judge between a great number of various readings, it was necessary to enquire into the state of our lan guage and versification at the time when Chaucer wrote, and also, as much as was possible, into the To the Edition of 17758. VOL. I. b 11 PREFACE. peculiarities of his style and manner of composition. Nor was it less necessary to examine with some at tention the work now intended to be republished ; to draw a line between the imperfections, which may be supposed to have been left in it by the au and those into it since to thor, which have crept ; distinguish the parts where the author appears as an inventor, from those where he is merely a transla or imitator the whole to trace tor, ; and throughout his allusions to a variety of forgotten books and ob solete customs. As a certain degree of informa tion upon all these points will be found to be neces sary even for the reading of the Canterbury tales with intelligence and satisfaction, the Editor hopes he shall be excused for supposing, that the majo his rity of his readers will not be displeased with attempt to shorten at least the labour of their en quiries, by laying before them such parts of the re sult of his own researches, as he judges will be most conducive to that purpose. He has therefore added to the text, 1. AN ESSAY* ON THE LAN- * In this ESSAY, p. 39 62. is contained a short view of En to of the trouble of glish Poetry the time Chaucer, compiling which the Editor might perhaps have saved himself, if he had foreseen, that Mr. Warton's HISTORY OF ENGLISH POETRY would have appeared so soon. Both the Essay and the Intro ductory Discourse were printed before Mr. Warton's book was PREFACE. Ill GUAGE AND VERSIFICATION OF CHAUCER J <2. AN INTRODUCTORY DISCOURSE TO THE CANTERBURY TALES; and 3. NOTES, into which he has thrown an account of the most material various readings ; illustrations of particular passages ; and explana tions of the most uncommon words and phrases, especially such as are omitted, or ill explained, in the Glossary to Urry's Edition, and does not re collect to have deviated from the Mss. (except, perhaps, by adding the final n to a very few words) in any one instance, of which the reader is not ad vertised in the notes. With respect to a life of Chaucer, he found, after a reasonable waste of time and pains in searching for materials, that he coud add few facts to those, which have already appeared in several lives of that and he was not either to the poet ; disposed, repeat comments and inventions, by which former biogra phers have endeavoured to supply the deficiency of facts, or to substitute any of his own for the same laudable purpose. Instead therefore of a formal which is not so much to obviate published ; mentioned, any suspicion of plagiarism, as to apologize for whatever defects there in a want of the which may be either of those treatises, from lights, that learned and elegant writer has thrown upon all parts of this subject. IV .PREFACE. life of his author, which, upon these principles, must have been a very meagre narration, he has added to this Preface (C) a short ABSTRACT OF THE HIS TORICAL PASSAGES OF THE LlFE OF CHAUCER, with remarks, which may serve to separate for the future those passages from others, which have nothing to recommend them to credit, but the sin gle circumstance of having been often repeated. The GLOSSARY is intended to facilitate the read ing of Chaucer, by explaining, in our present lan guage, such of his words and phrases as are now become difficult to be understood, either from a total disuse, or from any smaller alterations of or thography or inflexion. Many of these words and phrases having been already explained in the Notes of this edition, it has been thought sufficient in that case to refer the reader to those Notes. For the rest, it is hoped that this work may be of use in removing some of the most material difficulties, which occur, not only in the Canterbury Tales, but also in the other genuine* compositions of * At the end of this advertisement I shall add a short Account of what I conceive to be the genuine works of Chaucer, and of those which have been either falsely ascribed to him, or improperly in termixed with his, in the Editions. Those under the two latter descriptions may be of use to illustrate the works of Chaucer, hut should not be confounded with them. PREFACE. V Chaucer, as far as the present state of their text makes it safe to attempt any explanation of them. It would be injustice to the learned author of the Glossary to Mr. Urry's edition*, not to acknow ledge, that I have built upon his foundations, and often with his materials. In particular, I have fol lowed, and have endeavoured to improve upon, his example, by constantly citing one or more places, in which the word or phrase explained is to be foundf. Where the places cited by him were ap posite and satisfactory, I have generally spared myself the trouble of hunting for others, with this caution however, that I have not made use of any one of his references without having first verified it by actual inspection ; a caution, which every com in piler ought to take in all cases, and which the present case was indispensably necessary, on ac count of the numerous and gross errors in the text of that edition f to which Mr. Thomases Glossary was adapted. * Mr. Timothy Thomas. See App. to the Preface. A. n. (n). t The expediency of this practice is obvious. It enables the reader to apprehend more clearly the interpretation of the Glos. when and it affords him an of sarist, right ; opportunity correcting those mistakes, to which we are all so exceedingly liable. t See App. to the Preface. A. p. six, xx. VI PREFACE. For the further prevention of uncertainty and confusion, care has been taken to mark the part of speech to which each word belongs, and to dis tribute all homonymous words into separate ar ticles *. The numbers, cases, modes, times, and other inflexions of the declinable parts of speech are also marked, whenever they are expressed in a manner differing from modern usage. Etymology is so clearly not a necessary branch of the duty of a Glossarist, that, I trust, I shall be easily excused for not having troubled the reader with longer or more frequent digressions of that sort. In general, I have thought it sufficient to mark shortly the original language frpm which each word is probably to be derived, according to the hypothesis, which has been more fully explained in the ESSAY, &c. Part the second, that the Nor man-Saxon dialect, in which Chaucer wrote, was * The neglect of this precaution, and of that just mentioned, lias made Mr.
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