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University Microfilms INFORMATION TO USERS This dissertation was produced from a microfilm copy of the original document. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the original submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or patterns which may appear on this reproduction. 1. The sign or "target" for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is "Missing Page(s)". If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting thru an image and duplicating adjacent pages to insure you complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a large round black mark, it is an indication that the photographer suspected that the copy may have moved during exposure and thus cause a blurred image. You will find a good image of the page in the adjacent frame. 3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., was part of the material being photographed the photographer followed a definite method in "sectioning" the material. It is customary to begin photoing at the upper left hand corner of a large sheet and to continue photoing from left to right in equal sections with a small overlap. If necessary, sectioning is continued again — beginning below the first row and continuing on until complete. 4. The majority of users indicate that the textual content is of greatest value, however, a somewhat higher quality reproduction could be made from "photographs" if essential to the understanding of the dissertation. Silver prints of "photographs" may be ordered at additional charge by writing the Order Department, giving the catalog number, title, author and specific pages you wish reproduced. University Microfilms A Xerox Education Company 72-26,966 ADEDEJI, John Aiemola, 1933- 1ÎŒ ROLE OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION IN THE NATION BUILDING OF NIGERIA. The Ohio State Iftiiversity, Ph.D., 1972 Education, physical University Microfilms, A XEROX Company, Ann Arbor. Michigan (D Copyright By John Aderaola Adedeji 1972 THIS DISSERTATION HAS BEEN MICROFILMED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED THE ROLE OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION IN THE NATION BUILDING OF NIGERIA DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By John Ademola A dedeji, M.A,, D.L.C., S.C.P.E., B.Sc. The Ohio S ta te U n iversity 1972 Approved hy A dviser School of Health, Physical Education and R ecreation PLEASE NOTE: Some p ag e s may have indistinct print. Filmed as received. University M icrofilms, A Xerox Education Company ACKNOICEDGMENTS The author takes this opportunity to show his gratitude for the education which he has received by first of all acknowledging h is profound thanks to those whose fin a n cia l support gave him the chance to take advantage of an American university education. He i s e sp e c ia lly gra tefu l to Miss Anne L. Maroush (G a r r e tsv ille , Ohio). The author wishes to express his gratitude to his committee members. Dr. Bruce L. B ennett, Chairman, Dr. Robert B. Sutton, and Dr. Walter F. Ersing, for their guidance and encouragement in the development, execution, and evaluation of the study. The author appreciates the effort and suggestions offered him by Dr. Margaret A. Mordy, adviser o f h is graduate programme; Dr, Russell R. Dynes,Department of Sociology, The Ohio State Uni­ v e r sity ; Dr. Seymour Kleinman, Dr. Charles Mand, School o f H ealth, Physical Education and Recreation; and Dr. Lewis A. Hess, the D irecto r. Among the many others who have aided the author in work con­ nected with this dissertation are Professor L. John Lewis, Institute of Education, (Miversity of London; Professor Emman Ayandele, Depart­ ment of History, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Mr. Isaac A. Akioye, Acting Head, Institute of Physical Education, University of Ife, Nigeria; Mr. Duncan White, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Mr. K. Onyilogwu, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria. The part played by individuals, organizations. Ministries of Health and Community Development, the East Central State Sports Com­ m ission , Kano, the Western and Midwestern S ta tes Sports C ouncils, and the colleges in Nigeria towards the collection of information and their assistance in the developmental stages of the investigation is gratefully acknowledged. The author is indebted to Dr. R. Bartels, the coordinator of the p h y sic a l education graduate students* programme. The Ohio State University, the Ohio State Student Aid section which made the funds for the investigation available to the. author, and friends who pro­ vided p a st programmes o f nation al and in tern ation al com petitions in N igeria Lo the author. The information and cooperation given by the libraries is grate­ fully acknowledged: The Ohio State University Library, The Library of Congress, Washington, D.C., the University of Ibadan, Nigeria, and the Adeyemi College of Education, Ondo, Nigeria. Sincere thanks are also extended to His Highness the Tirai of Ede, Oba Adetoyese I; Chief J.A. Ayorinde, Ibadan, Nigeria; Chief M.D. Afolabi Durotoye, Okemessi-Ekiti, Nigeria; Malam Abudu Ho, Kano, Nigeria, and Mr. Harding J. Ekperigin, Benin City, Nigeria. The author is also indebted to the individuals who responded to the questionnaires providing opinions on the Nigerian Federal Government’s involvement in sports and physical education and the impact o f modern and tra d itio n a l p hysical education on Contemporary N igerian s. The author a lso expresses h is gratitude to Mrs. C laire Lenfest for her sk ill and competence in typing the draft and final copy of the dissertation. Finally, the author, on a more personal side, wishes to ex­ press his appreciation and gratitude to his wife, Oluremi Aduke, for her understanding and care for the children. But for her patience, cooperation, and inspiration, this venture would not have been possible. August 8, 1933 Born “ Okemessi-Ekiti Via Ilesha, Nigeria 1959....................... United Kingdom Physical Education Teachers* Certificate 1960. , . , D.L.C. (Diploma Loughborough C ollege) Leicestershire, England 1960, , , . c , S.C.P.E. (Supplementary Certificate in Phy­ sical Education) Nottingham University, Nottingham, England 1960-1968 . , . Physical Education Teacher and Coach, Government C o lleg e, Ibadan; Government Teacher Training College, Ilesha, Nigeria Advanced Teachers' C ollege, Ondo, N igeria 1968-1969 . B.Sc. Soccer Coach, Western Michigan Univer­ s i t y , Kalamazoo, Michigan 1969-1970 . M.A. Soccer Coach, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, Michigan 1970-1971 . Teaching Assistant, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 1971-1972 . Instructor/Teaching Associate, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio PUBLICATIONS **Sports and Contemporary N igerian S o c ie ty ,” Sunday Post (Lagos, N igeria) October 25, 1970. "Focus on Nigerian Sports (1),” Sunday Sketch (Ibadan, Nigeria), November 7 , 1971. "Focus on Nigerian Sports (2)," Sunday Sketch (Ibadan. Nigeria), November 14, 1971. FIELDS OF STUDY Major Field: Physical Education Studies in Sociology TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS............................................................... ü VITA ................................................................................................................. V LIST OF TA BLES................................................................................ X LIST OF FIGURES.......................................................................................... xii CHAPTER INTRODUCTION................................................................................. 1 Statement of the Problem...................................................... 11 Significance of the S tudy .......................................... 11 D e fin itio n of Terms U s e d .................................................. 12 Limitations of the Study .'.... 14 Methods and P ro ced u res................................................. 15 A THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK FOR ANALYSING PHYSICAL EDUCATION IN NATION BUILDING RELATIVE TO NIGERIA . 19 I I I GENERAL BACKGROUND - GEOGRAPHICAL FACTORS .... 30 P o sitio n ......................................................................... 30 Physical Features ................................................................ 30 Climatic Features ............................................................... 32 Ecological Factors........................... 37 Historical Factors .................................................................... 39 The Pre-C olonial P e r i o d ........................... 39 The B r itish P r o te c to r a te.................................... 40 The C olonial P e r i o d ........................................................... 40 The S e lf -Government P e r io d .............................................. 41 The Period of Independence ........... 41 First Republic .................................................................... 41 Second Republic ............................... 41 IV THE HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF EDUCATION R eligiou s and GovernmentaL F actors ....... 43 S o c ia l and C ultural Factors ...................... 50 V TRADITION IN SPORTS AND GAMES......................................... 61 Sports F a c i li t i e s and Equipment Factors .... 89 External Factors .... 90 v i Eagg_ INTER-5CH00L COMPETITIONS; TRACK AND FIELD . 94 The RoWen S h i e
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