1 Animal Information Africa Chimpanzee Species Information……………………………………………………………………………2 Individual Animal Information……………………………………………………………4 African Lion Species Information……………………………………………………………………………6 Individual Animal Information……………………………………………………………8 Eastern Bongo………………………………………………………………………………………………9 Southern Ground Hornbill…………………………………………………………………………..11 Egyptian Geese……………………………………………………………………………………………13 Common Warthog……………………………………………………………………………………….15 Von der Decken’s Hornbill……………………………………………………………………………17 Cape Porcupine……………………………………………………………………………………………19 Meerkat………………………………………………………………………………………………………21 Updated April 2020 Chimpanzee 2 Pan troglodytes John Ball Zoo Habitat – Mokomboso Valley Built in 2001 with heated/cooled rocks and sand pits. Feeder rocks placed throughout the habitat to encourage natural behavior. Water used as a natural barrier as well as the incline of the wall. Vine that surrounds the upper half of perimeter wall is actually a hot wire. Individual Animals – 6 Chimpanzees: 4 Females and 2 Males Survival Statistics Median Life Expectancy at AZA institutions: o Male: 32.5 years; Female: 40.1 years Oldest recorded at AZA institutions: o Male: 61.1 years; Female: 79.4 years Median Life Expectancy in the Wild: 27 years Oldest Recorded in Wild: 63 years Physical Description Height: Males: 3-4.5 feet; Females: 3 feet Weight: Males: 75-154 pounds; Females: 57-110 pounds Diet – Omnivore Mainly fruit supplementing with leaves, flowers, seeds and insects. Chimps will cooperate together to hunt and kill monkeys. Predators Mainly Humans. Young Chimps may fall prey to Leopards, Pythons, and Martial Eagles. Habitat – Humid evergreen forests, tropical rainforests, deciduous forest and dry savanna woodlands. Region – Populations are found where tracts of forests remain in the equatorial forest belt of central Africa. Chimpanzee 3 Pan troglodytes RReproduction – Polygynandrous: mate with multiple partners Sexual Maturity: 11 years Gestation: 7.5 months Give birth to a single baby (twins are rare). Once young are born, females will not breed again for 3-6 years. Young are completely dependent upon their mother until 3-4 years of age but, will stay with her until they reach adulthood. The estrus cycle lasts approximately 36 days, during which the females’ genital skin swells. This is a visual indication when they are receptive to males for reproduction. Adaptations Opposable thumbs and big toes Twice as strong as the average human Behavior Chimps make a new nest in trees each night Communicates with a wide variety of gestures, postures, and facial expressions. Arm raising, slapping, clapping, shaking a branch and foot stamping are threatening signals used between individuals. Live in communities of 40-60 chimps that then are divided into subgroups of about 6-7 individuals Play may be important to the development of social bonds and friendly relationships. One of the few species to exhibit tool use. Conservation Concerns Habitat destruction and degradation due to slash and burn agriculture, logging, oil/gas mining. Also, poaching and disease. Conservation Ask Be mindful of wildlife and the environment as you make every day purchasing decisions. o Action – When you make purchases, support green companies/eco-labels . Electronics – When buying new electronics look for conflict free labels. These products use responsibly sourced materials. Look for theses Eco-labels: Fair Trade, Rainforest Alliance, Forest Stewardship Council, & Sustainable Palm Oil Chimpanzee 4 Pan troglodytes Individual Animal Information Name: Peggy Date of Birth: 1969 (Estimate) Birth Location: Africa Arrived at John Ball Zoo: April 18, 2001 From: Detroit Zoological Society Gender: Female Physical Description: Pink around mouth Name: Sammy Date of Birth: June 16, 1978 Birth Location: Kansas City Zoo Arrived at John Ball Zoo: January 08, 2009 From: Potawatomi Zoo (Indiana) Gender: Male Physical Description: Grey beard Name: Donnie Date of Birth: January 25, 1979 Birth Location: Parc Safari (Quebec) Arrived at John Ball Zoo: April 18, 2001 From: Detroit Zoological Society Gender: Male Uncle to Kiambi Chimpanzee 5 Pan troglodytes Name: Sanga Date of Birth: October 28, 1984 Birth Location: Tulsa Zoo and Living Museum Arrived at John Ball Zoo: April 18, 2001 From: Detroit Zoological Society Gender: Female Physical Description: Bald Mother to Kiambi Name: Susie Date of Birth: July 01, 1987 Birth Location: Lincoln Park Zoological Gardens Arrived at John Ball Zoo: April 18, 2001 From: Detroit Zoological Society Gender: Female Physical Description: Largest in the troupe Name: Kiambi Date of Birth: March 22, 1998 Birth Location: Detroit Zoological Society Arrived at John Ball Zoo: April 18, 2001 From: Detroit Zoological Society Gender: Female Sanga’s daughter Donnie’s Niece African Lion 6 Panthera leo krugeri John Ball Zoo – Lions of Lake Manyara Built in 2008 and has two bomas at viewing areas as well as a raised observation deck. The exhibit includes a heated/cooled rock and tree. Individual Animals – 2 Males, 1 Female Survival Statistics Median Life Expectancy at AZA institutions: 16.9 years Oldest recorded at AZA institutions: 31.9 years Wild: 14 years Physical Description Weight: 227-600 pounds (males tend to be larger) Length: 7.9-10.8 feet Diet – Carnivore Wildebeest, zebra, Thompson’s gazelle, buffalo, warthog, kongoni, and topi. Predators – Humans Hyenas have been known to kill lion cubs, juveniles, or weak and sick adult lions. Habitat Plains or savanna habitat with a large amount of prey available Region Sub-Saharan Africa except in the desert and rainforest habitats Reproduction – Polygynous: having more than one female mate at a time Sexual Maturity: Females 4 years; males 5 years Breeding season: year-round It is estimated that lions copulate 3,000 times for every cub that survives over one year. Lions mate approximately 2.2 times per hour for the 4 day estrus period. Litter size: 1-6 cubs. Female lions tend to have cubs every 2 years. Gestation: 3.5 months Mother lions keep their cubs in hiding until they reach about 8 weeks of age. Weaned between 7 and 10 months. Remain dependent upon adults in the pride until 16 months. African Lion 7 Panthera leo krugeri Adaptations Can prey on animals many times its size by utilizing its strong jaws and muscular build. Unlike other carnivores that commonly have permanently extended claws, lions have claws that can be retracted. Behavior Lions that hunt in groups of 2 or more are only successful 30% of the time. Individuals that hunt alone are only successful 17% of the time. Females will live together in prides of about 15 with only a few males. o Males protect the territory as females hunt. Females live in the pride they are born in but males leave their pride at 2-4 years of age with other males born at the same time. These groups are called coalitions. Successful male coalitions that takeover a pride have about 2 years before another younger, stronger coalition will replace them. Pride takeover battles are often violent. Communication happens through visual cues, scent marking, vocalizations (can roar at age 1) and tactile communication (physical aggression, touching during greetings) Lions are the only truly social cat. Conservation Concerns The main threats to Lions are indiscriminate killing and prey base depletion. Also, habitat loss and human conflict. o Lions cost ranchers in Kenya livestock and are persecuted in livestock areas. o Trophy hunting is considered an important financial tool when used properly with sustainable population management. Conservation Ask Be mindful of wildlife and the environment as you make every day purchasing decisions o When you make purchases, support green companies/eco-labels . Fair Trade and Rainforest Alliance Support Global and Local Conservation Programs o Snares to Wares . An initiative dedicated to reducing wildlife poaching in East Africa through human empowerment and community development. African Lion 8 Panthera leo krugeri Individual Animal Information Name: Docha Born: April 10, 2005 At Santa Barbara Zoological Gardens Arrived: May 24, 2007 From Santa Barbara Zoological Gardens Physical Description: Darker mane, than Kiume Gender: Male Name: Abena Born: May 17, 2006 At San Diego Zoo Safari Park Arrived: October 14, 2007 From San Diego Zoo Safari Park Gender: Female Name: Kiume Born: July 24, 2011 At Milwaukee County Zoological Gardens Arrived: December 19, 2012 From Milwaukee County Zoological Gardens Physical Description: Lighter mane, than Doucha Gender: Male Eastern Bongo 9 Tragelaphus eurycerus isaaci John Ball Zoo Habitat – African Forest Edge, opened in 1996. Sometimes referred to as the African Savanna. Mixed species habitat that includes Southern Ground Hornbills and Egyptian Geese. Individual Animals: 1 Female Female – Penelope or Penny (One horn is bent) o Born June 18, 2014 . At Potter Park Zoological Gardens o Arrived May 03, 2017 . From Potter Park Zoological Gardens Survival Statistics Median Life Expectancy at AZA institutions: Male: 9.0 years; Female: 13.1 years Oldest recorded at AZA institutions: Male: 19.8 years; Female: 23.6 years Wild: insufficient data Physical Description Weight: Male: 525-890 pounds; Female: 460-520 pounds Length: Body: 5.5-8.2 feet; Tail: 1.4-2.1 feet Height: Shoulder: 3.6-4.2 feet Horn Length: 2.4-3.3 feet Diet – Herbivore Leaves, flowers, twigs, thistles, garden produce, and cereals. o Bongos have also been known to eat burned