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Jurassic Palynology from a Borehole in the Champagne Area, France-Correlation of the Lower Callovian-Middle Oxfordian Using Sequence Stratigraphy

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Jurassic Palynology from a Borehole in the Champagne Area, France-Correlation of the Lower Callovian-Middle Oxfordian Using Sequence Stratigraphy REVIEW OF PALAEOBOTANY AND PALYNOLOGY E LS EV I ER Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 87 (1995) 15-26 Jurassic palynology from a borehole in the Champagne area, France-correlation of the lower Callovian-middle Oxfordian using sequence stratigraphy Danielle Fauconnier BRGM, PB 6009, 45060 Orl~ans-la-Source, France Received 28 December 1992; revised and accepted 29 April 1994 Abstract The cored borehole A901, drilled by the National Agency for the Management of Radioactive Waste at Montcornet, in Champagne, on the northeastern border of the Paris Basin, provided a continuous section from the Hettangian to the lower Kimmeridgian. Samples taken at regular intervals yielded marker dinoflagellate cysts of the northwest European domain that have been correlated with ammonite zones. The earliest dinoflagellate species appear in the upper Sinemurian (976 m, Obtusum zone), whereas the lowest intersected beds contain abundant conifer pollen and pteridophyte spores. The microplankton becomes diversified along the hole, in particular in the Callovian-Oxfordian beds; the Bathonian gravelly oolitic limestones are unfavourable for preservation of microflora. The sequence-stratigraphical interpretation was based on lithological, sedimentological and biostratigraphical information and seismic profiles. A semi-quantitative estimation of the microplankton content and of the number of species per sample enabled identification of the main transgressive-regressive cycles and condensed sequences in the lower Callovian to middle Oxfordian. 1. Introduction gressive-regressive cycles. The objective of this study was to establish a biostratigraphical scale Borehole A901 was drilled in 1990 by the Agence for the Hettangian to the lower Kimmeridgian on Nationale pour la Gestion des Drchets Radioactifs the basis of dinoflagellate cysts, concentrating on (ANDRA-National Agency for the Management the markers that have been correlated with of Radioactive Waste) in the framework of a ammonite zones. The borehole contains ammo- project for the storage of radioactive waste in the nites, however mostly confined to the Lias; for Aisne Department, on the northeastern border of Dogger and Maim, the ammonite biozonation of the Paris Basin (Fig. 1). The hole was fully cored, the UK was used. A semi-quantitative count of and traversed a succession from Cretaceous dinoflagellate cysts was made in order to follow (Senonian) to Jurassic (Hettangian) overlying the the evolution of the microplankton. Their Lower Devonian basement at 1123 m. evolution has also been correlated with lower The present investigation only concerns the Callovian-middle Oxfordian eustatic sea-level Jurassic from the Hettangian to the variations, paying particular attention to trans- Kimmeridgian; it was carried out to obtain gressional maxima (Vail et al., 1987; Haq et al., biostratigraphical information on the main trans- 1988) interpreted from other biostratigraphical, 0034-6667/95/$09.50 © 1995 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved SSDI 0034-6667(94)00142-1 16 D. Fauconnier/Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 87 (1995) 15-26 Cambrai ~ [ " ."3' | ( ,, o'O)E N N I St. guent in~ ~ /~ N [ ; "~'' M~zieres 1 V. LION 1 Sol=sOnS REIMS c.~ "~ II • Ch~lons-sur-'-'~. - ~'~ 0 20 4.0kin Marne ~,(0 , , I , I q \ ,~i', "t~ D.~izier Provins NX~" • ,.., \ Fig. 1. Location of boreho]e A901. sedimentological and lithological data and seismic 261.35-204.95 m: Interbedded silty mudstone and profiles (Le Strat et al., 1991). sandy limestone, passing upward to calcareous marl and dolomite silt. 2. Material and methods 2.2. Sampling 2.1. Borehole log The study was based on 154 samples taken at intervals of 3 to 5 m, depending to rock type, The Jurassic section (Fig. 2) studied here con- throughout the length of the borehole. sists essentially, from base to top, of: 1075.31-865.46 m: Alternating bioturbiditic marl, bioclastic limestone and marl with calcareous 2.3. Palynological preparation clay and limestone. 865.46-692.71 in: Bioclastic silty clay, sandy silt All samples were processed for palynological and sandstone. examination, using standard techniques; 15 g of 692.71-478.33 in: Ferruginous or gravelly oolitic material were crushed and treated with hydrochlo- limestone with intervals of shelly marl. ric (HC1) and hydrofluoric acids (HF) in order to 478.33-378.72 in: Alternating silty calcareous clay remove mineral sediment. The residue was sieved and silty marl. using nylon filter with a mesh between 120 and 378.72-319.25 in: Calcareous, sandy-silty mud- 20 #m; after oxidation with nitric acid (HNO3) stone with bioclastic limestone, passing upward for a few minutes, heavy liquid separation was to grey calcareous marl with crinoidal limestone. necessary to eliminate the remaining mineral 319.25-261.35 in: Reefal limestone, clayey in matter. The final residue was washed with distilled places, interbedded with clayey bioclastic water and alcohol. limestone. Two slides were prepared for each sample. D. Fauconnier/Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 87 (1995) 15-26 17 i years, in Germany (Fenton, 1981; Prauss, 1989; Feist-Burkhardt, 1990), Bulgaria (Dodekova, DEPTH LOG LITHOLOGT 1975), Scandinavia (Dybkjaer, 1988), Svalbard (Bjaerke, 1980; Smelror and Aarhus, 1989), and, in particular, in Great Britain (Riding, 1984a-c, CALCAR.MARL RND 22i. IO~~ OOLOMITESILT 1987). In France, there has been a concentration ~l:g~:":::"'"'" '"'""" CLflT AND SANDY 250.00. LIMESTONE on the Kimmeridgian (Raynaud, 1978; Ioannides CLRY ~~ et al., 1988), Lias (de Vains, 1988) and Dogger BIOCLASTIC AND S00.00- REEFRL LIMESTONE (Smelror and Leereveld, 1989); however, so far - 319.25, ,"ilNII~IINII^ HRRL WITH CRLCRREOUS nothing has been published on the Paris Basin. 350.00. 351.25 ,-.,Im~lI~o~ LEVELS ,a~ll~ll~a^ SILTYCLAY WITH In contrast, in the North Tethyan domain, there BIOCL.LIME$TONE 378.72 ~ ....... : .... are only reports from Portugal (Davies, 1985), qO0.O0. CLRY AND SILTY MARL Israel (Conway, 1990) and Lybia (Thusu et al., q20.00 SILTY RND 5RNOY 1988), making any comparison between boreal 450.00 ~ ..... CALCAREOUS CLAY and tethyan zonations difficult. q7B.33 A recent review by Riding and Thomas (1992) SO0.OOq GRRVELLY OOLITIC covers all studies made on sections of the English L I MESTONE Jurassic (Hettangian-Portlandian). They give the 550.00- t~ A A ~ A distribution of dinoflagellate cysts in relation to 571.52 ~o[?i?io7171 ° OOLITICANO LIME6TONEMARL ammonite zones of the boreal domain, and present 800.00- 9_tOlOl Ol ol tolololOlO / MRRL WITH 05TRER !~ a biozonation based on the appearance and disap- -~lOIOlOlO '~ RCUHINRTR ,,,/ 00LIIC LIMESTONE AND pearance of marker dinoflagellate cysts. 850.00- ...... ~ . MARL 65q.9q FERRUG I NOU5 OOLITIC LIMESTONE ,. 692.71 700.00- -- 51LTY CLAY 4. Palynology of the Champagne borehole 750.00- --..' / 772.25, SANDY SILT AND 786,55 x SANDSTONE / The great majority of samples studied in 800.00- BIOCLR6TIC SILTY Champagne are fossiliferous; the barren intervals CLAY are mostly confined to Bathonian oolitic lime- 850.00. L 865.~6 N II ~ II ~ II stones. The microftora in the palynological BIOCL. MARL WITH ' II ~ IT ~ II ~ II ^ CALC.CLAY AND preparations consists of gymnosperm pollen 900.00 ~II~ll~ll~ LIMEST. , II ~ II ~ II ~ If ^ (Classopollis, disaccate), pteridophyte spores and 932,60 ' 810CL.MRRL WITH dinoflagellate cysts. The diversity of the latter 950.00 9q8.22 ~ CRLC. CLRT. NHNII~II~I increases from the upper Sinemurian onward. The , II ~ II ~ II~ il ~ ~ Ji~it~Ii~i BIOTURB. MARL lqNB associated organic material consists of ligneous 1000.00- • Ii N IT ~ IT ~ IT ,vll ~ II ~ II~ I and cuticular debris of continental origin, and IT ~ II ~ II~ IT ~ BIOCL o L I MESTONE 1050.00 % tl~ II ~ I,I N I algal and marine type sapropelic material. The 1075.SI distribution of selected cysts is shown in Fig. 3. Most of the markers of the zonation of Riding Fig. 2. Schematic stratigraphic log of borehole A901. and Thomas (1992) are present. The ammonites found in borehole A901 are shown in Fig. 3, and are mostly confined to the Lias. 3. Jurassic palynology in northwestern Europe The various stages intersected in the borehole are described and commented upon below; A large number of publications on Jurassic Fig. 4a-c shows the appearance and disappearance dinoflagellate cysts of the northwest European of marker dinoflagellate cysts together with the domain have been published during the last thirty ammonite zonation for the boreal domain. 18 D. Fauconnier/Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 87 (1995) 15-26 I I I I I I I I I I I I J I I I I I I I I I I I I STAGER AMMONITR8 IN" BOREHOLE A 901 o .r - BOREAL AMMONITE ZONATION ] I , J i l ~,|Pn I l~Ik , i eL "I Llasldlum Hrleblle _Jlancodfnlum semltabulatum --Scrlnlocassls weber| -Nannoceratopsf4 gracl||s m -Luehndea sp|noea Nannoceratoplfs plegas --Nennoceratoplll senex --Hannoceratop|ll ambunls -E],,uchla prleca -Ctenldudinlum ? s¢llmoodl/ _$entusldlnlum alymmltrum - Ya/~eodlnlum eplnoeum -Oougylodlnlum erymnotelchol -Neloerojronyaulax cajtoneneJ| m -Dle|lllodlnlum sp. -Dlchedofonyaulax ? ]l/uplcata m -Acenthuulax crispa -Nefourogonyaulax ;ulenslf -A|dorlla aldorJznsls m -Melourofonyaulax reticulate -Rbgnchoelnlopst! ? regull; I -Corpalhodlnlum predoc -Nannoeeratopsle pe/luclda -Gon~uulecysta pectlnlgera -El|lpsoidlct~vm clnclum -Gonyeulacpsta eisenackll -Ctenldodlulum combacll -C|clstolphaerldlum uorlsplnosum -Gonyaulacysta /urasslca -Adnatosphaerld/um caullcryt -Clenldodlnlum ornotum -Ctenldodlnlum cornlgcrum -Endoscrlulum galcrltem -Rlgavdeila aemule
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