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And Trissolcus Basalis (Wollaston) As Egg Parasites of Nezara Viridula (Linnaeus)

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And Trissolcus Basalis (Wollaston) As Egg Parasites of Nezara Viridula (Linnaeus) Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1979 Evaluation of Ooencyrtus Submetallicus (Howard) and Trissolcus Basalis (Wollaston) as Egg Parasites of Nezara Viridula (Linnaeus). Seung Chan Lee Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Lee, Seung Chan, "Evaluation of Ooencyrtus Submetallicus (Howard) and Trissolcus Basalis (Wollaston) as Egg Parasites of Nezara Viridula (Linnaeus)." (1979). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 3340. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/3340 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This was produced from a copy of a document sent to us for microfilming. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the material submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or notations which may appear on this reproduction. 1.The sign or “target” for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is “Missing Page(s)”. If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting through an image and duplicating adjacent pages to assure you of complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a round black mark it is an indication that the film inspector noticed either blurred copy because of movement during exposure, or duplicate copy. Unless we meant to delete copyrighted materials that should not have been filmed, you will And a good image of the page in the adjacent frame. 3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., is part of the material being photo­ graphed the photographer has followed a definite method in “sectioning” the material. It is customary to begin Aiming at the upper left hand comer of a large sheet and to continue from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. If necessary, sectioning is continued again—beginning below the Arst row and continuing on until complete. 4. For any illustrations that cannot be reproduced satisfactorily by xerography, photographic prints can be purchased at additional cost and tipped into your xerographic copy. Requests can be made to our Dissertations Customer Services Department. 5. Some pages in any document may have indistinct print. In all cases we have Aimed the best available copy. University M icrofilms International 300 N. ZEEB ROAD. ANN ARBOR. Ml 48106 18 BEDFORD ROW. LONDON WC1R 4EJ. ENGLAND 7921970 LEE, 8EUNG CHAN EVALUATION OF OOENCYRTU8 8UBMETALLICUS (HOWARD) AND TRX880LCU8 BA8ALX6 (W0LLA8T0NJ A S E G G i PARASITES OF NEZARA VXRXDULA (LINNAEUS). THE LOUISIANA STATE UNIVERSITY AND AGRICULTURAL AND MECHANICAL COL.# PH.D.# 1979 University Micninlms International s o o n, z e e b r o a d, a n n a r b o r , m m s i m EVALUATION OF OOENCYRTUS SUBMETALLICUS (HOWARD) AND TRISSOLCUS B ASA LIS (WOLLASTON) AS EGG PARASITES OF NEZARA VIRIDULA (LINNAEUS) A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of Entomology By Seung Chan Lee B.S. , Seoul National University Korea, I960 M. S. , University of Canterbury New Zealand, 1968 May, 1979 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The author sincerely wishes to express his gratitude to his major professor, Dr. L. D. Newsom, for contributing assistance and supervision throughout the period of research, and especially for valuable advice and criticism during the writing of this manu­ script. Sincere appreciation is expressed to the members of his graduate committee, Drs. J. B. Graves, C. D. Steelman, J. B. Chapin and M. C. Rush for their advice and constructive criticism of the manuscript. Gratitude is extended to Dr. B. R. Farthing for his advice and assistance in the statistical analyses of the data. The author is indebted to the Office of Rural Development, Republic of Korea and Institute of International Education, United States of America, for granting the financial support under the AID loan plan for his doctoral program. Special thanks are due his wife, children and all his family for their patience, understanding and constant encouragement throughout this study. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS................................................................................ ii TABLE OF CONTENTS.................................................................................. iii LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................... v LIST OF FIGURES............................................................................................ vii ABSTRACT................................................................................................................viii INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................. 1 REVIEW OF LITERATURE........................................................................... 3 Taxonomic Status of the Parasites............................................. 3 T. basalis and O. submetallicus as Pentatomid Egg Parasites ..................................................... 4 Effect of Food and Mating on Biology of Parasites 6 Reproductive Behavior of Parasites........................................... 7 Criteria for the Success of Biological Control A g e n ts............................................. 9 MATERIALS AND METHODS.........................................................................12 Laboratory Studies................................................................... 12 Source and Maintenance of Parasite Culture.............. 12 Developmental Period of Parasites.................................. 14 Survival and Superparasitism................................................ 14 Effect of Presence and Absence of Food and Host Eggs on Longevity of Adult Parasites 15 Genetic Strains...................................................................................16 Sex Ratio ............ 17 iii Page • Host Preference............................................................................. 17 Competitive Interaction............................................................ 18 Field Evaluation................................................................................... 19 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION......................................................................... 23 Laboratory Studies.............................................................................. 23 Developmental Period.................................................................. 23 Survival and Superparasitism................................................ 27 Adult Longevity................................................................................ 30 Genetic Strains................................................................................ 34 Sex R a tio ............................................................................................... 35 Host Preference.............................................................................. 36 Competitive Interaction............................................................... 40 Field Evaluation...................................................................................... 40 GENERAL DISCUSSION................................................................................... 46 CONCLUSIONS..................................................................................................... 49 REFERENCES CITED ...................................................................................... 51 APPENDIX ............................................................................................................... 56 VITA ........................................................................................................................... 91 iv LIST OF TABLES TABLE Page I. Developmer lal period from oviposition to emergence of T. basalis in three successive generations at different temperatures and 14L:I0D........................................................................................ 24 II. Developmental period from oviposition to emergence of O. submetallicus in three successive generations at different tempera­ tures and 14L:10D.................................................................. 25 III. Mean percent of emergence in five successive generations of T. basalis at different tempera­ tures and 14L:10D................................................................. 28 IV. Mean percent of emergence in five successive generations of T. basalis at different tempera­ tures and 10L:14D................................................................. 28 V. Mean percent of emergence in five successive generations of O. submetallicus at different temperatures and 14L:10D.............................................. 29 VI. Mean percent of emergence in five successive generations of O. submetallicus at different tem peratures and 10L:14D .........................
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