DOCSLIB.ORG

THE BIG FIVE in CIVIL RIGHTS the Controversy Over "Black Power" Has Toctl.8Ed Attention on the Various Civil Rigms Groups

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
THE BIG FIVE in CIVIL RIGHTS the Controversy Over THE NEW YORK TIMES, JULY 24 , 1 966 THE BIG FIVE IN CIVIL RIGHTS The controversy over "Black Power" has toctl.8ed attention on the various civil rigMs groups. The f ollowing are brief sketches of t he major organizations: By l\1. S. HANDLER THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCE . MENT OF COLORED PEOPLE (N A.A.C.P.): The oldest, most important and only mass membersh~o civil rights organi­ zation the biracial N.A.A.C.P.'s goal is to nnegratc the Ameri­ can N ~gro into all areas _of Am-:r <a_n !if'!. It il;;s been larg_t!iy responsii.Jie for such major lr. g•.sbtl ~• e a.dvr..nces as th ~ CJ_vJI Rights Act of 1964 and it has been tn the front r_an~ ft~htlng constitutional issues. But the N.A.A.C.P. has not ltmttea 1tself. as rivals and critics sometimes claim, only to legislative and judicial action. It was the first org<~mzation to use the picket line and has been involved in many demonstrations. Today it has a paid membership of nearly 450,000. Its income in 1965 was nearly 1.9-million. Its executive director, Roy Wilkins, is considered the most astute figure, politically, in civil r ights. To Mr. Wilkins, Black Power means black racism and "black death." .THE NATIONAL URBAN LEAGUE: A biracial service organization with five regional offices and 76 local affiliates, it is not a membership group. Operating with a paid staff of 800 and with 8,000 volunteers manning local boards and com­ mittees, its policy is to lead the Negro into the American mainstream through a variety of job training programs and housing, welfare and education projects. The Urban League is heavily backed by foundations, industry, labor, social groups, Negro fraternal organizations, the U.S. Departments of Labor, the Office of Economic Opportunity and local United Funds and Community Chests. Its general budget income in fiscal 1966, ending June 30, was 1.4-million. The executive director, Whitney M. Young Jr., is rated a superb organizer and planner who can speak the language of big business and government and win their support. He believes Black Power is self-de­ fe ating and dangerous. THE CONGRESS OF RACIAL EQUALITY (CORE) : A biracial community action organization, it believes in creating social tensions through demonstrations and marches as an indispensable ingredient in winning actual as well <\S legal equality. Officials claim membership of 80,000-a figure others treat with scepticism-in 200 chapters, and admit there has been a drop of 20,000 in membership reccr.tiy, possibly as a result of growing Black Power philosophy. Last year, CORE raised about $860,000 from membership fees and don<ltions, but in the first quarter of the current fi<>cal year its income dropped to an annual rate of about $400.00(1 and its indebted­ n ess rose to $200,000 to $300,000. Floyd McKissick, national director, tends to indulge in sweeping attacks. He is today one of the principal advocates of Black Power. SOUTHERN CHRISTIAN LEADERSHIP CONFER­ ENCE (S.C.L.C.): Dr. Martin Luther King· Jr.'s loosely-organ­ ized group based in Atlanta was originally created for action in the South but it has now entered the North with a campaign in Chicago. An S.C.L.C. convention is really a meeting of Southern Negro Baptist min.isters, and the organizatit)n i:; largely a one-man group. Its policy is integration P.n<i full equality, and Dr. K10g uses mJss demonstrations. marches and the like. An exponent of nonviolence, he condemns Black Power but does not go as far as some who brand it black racism. Dr. King is generally rec. og ni.~ .::d as the greatest orator of the civil rights movement. Unti l lact y~ar, S.C.L.C. was hard-pressed for money. But funds now seem to oe rolling in from admirers at home and abroad. THE STUDENT NONVIOLENT COORDINATING COMMITTEE (S.N.C.C.): Based in Atlanta, with a nebulous staff estimated between ISO and 200, it is not a membership organization. S.N.C.C. has a revolving door with kids going in and out depending upon the prevailing mvod and state of tension. It is a Southern action group. S.N.C.C. operates with very little money and its workers live in the shacks of Nf'gro communities. S.N.C.C. organizes and sparks demonstrations and marches that sometimes develop into major e;rents when police attacks compel other civil rights groups to join in. Supposedly biracial, S.N.C.C., since Stokely Carmichael replaccJ John Lewis at the top, has been trying to shake out the white kids. I t is now practically an all-black organization and Mr. Car­ michael has become the high priest of Black Power. ©by The New York Times Company. Re printed by permission. NA T IONAL ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF COLORED PEOPLE 20 West 40th Street New York, New York 10018 ~:~.. 448 .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Civil Rights Activism in Raleigh and Durham, North Carolina, 1960-1963
    SUTTELL, BRIAN WILLIAM, Ph.D. Campus to Counter: Civil Rights Activism in Raleigh and Durham, North Carolina, 1960-1963. (2017) Directed by Dr. Charles C. Bolton. 296 pp. This work investigates civil rights activism in Raleigh and Durham, North Carolina, in the early 1960s, especially among students at Shaw University, Saint Augustine’s College (Saint Augustine’s University today), and North Carolina College at Durham (North Carolina Central University today). Their significance in challenging traditional practices in regard to race relations has been underrepresented in the historiography of the civil rights movement. Students from these three historically black schools played a crucial role in bringing about the end of segregation in public accommodations and the reduction of discriminatory hiring practices. While student activists often proceeded from campus to the lunch counters to participate in sit-in demonstrations, their actions also represented a counter to businesspersons and politicians who sought to preserve a segregationist view of Tar Heel hospitality. The research presented in this dissertation demonstrates the ways in which ideas of academic freedom gave additional ideological force to the civil rights movement and helped garner support from students and faculty from the “Research Triangle” schools comprised of North Carolina State College (North Carolina State University today), Duke University, and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Many students from both the “Protest Triangle” (my term for the activists at the three historically black schools) and “Research Triangle” schools viewed efforts by local and state politicians to thwart student participation in sit-ins and other forms of protest as a restriction of their academic freedom.
    [Show full text]
  • The Promised Land
    ECONOMICHISTORY Doing Development Differently Soul City was a bold experiment in rural North Carolina that collided with the economic and social realities of the 1970s BY CHARLES GERENA acked into a Dodge compact with five children professionals completed the first phases of Soul City’s and her husband, Jane Ball-Groom arrived at the residential and industrial development. They also laid the PManson, N.C., post office one morning in January groundwork for future growth, including a regional water 1970. They had driven more than 400 miles from New system that taps into a nearby lake and serves the residents York City to work onsite at a community under develop- of three counties today. ment by her employer, McKissick Enterprises. What Soul City couldn’t do was generate enough After asking for directions, the family drove a bit far- jobs to satisfy the Department of Housing and Urban ther. “We crossed the railroad tracks and saw this little Development (HUD). The agency withdrew its support cardboard sign on a wooden post. There was a barbed wire of the project in June 1979, exactly seven years after it fence with cows behind it. That was Soul City.” announced the award of a $14 million loan guarantee. Ball-Groom had traded her family’s apartment in a In hindsight, Soul City was an ambitious experiment that public housing project for one of the single-wide trail- ran out of time. McKissick and his team couldn’t overcome ers plunked in the middle of 1,810 acres of farmland in the challenges of spurring economic activity in a relatively Warren County, N.C.
    [Show full text]
  • Mckissick to Speak in Cochran Tuesday
    Prof iles Part II Garvin Discusses Curriculum Plans, Student Decision Making by Mark Linder fering in the near future is an "The criterion for a Macalester inter-disciplinary urban studies professor is that he should be an course. Participating departments educator and a scholar. He should would be sociology, psychology, be committed to the service of economics, and political science. man. He should be committed to In the area of international the college. He should fit with the studies, Dr. Garvin would like college mold, although we attempt more study abroad. at some diversity," said Dr. Lucius Garvin, Vice President for academ- "We have a back log of unused ic affairs and provost of Macalester monies for study abroad. Already college. language people are in Europe "The majority of the professors working out courses and we have should be Protestant Christian, al- an international study abroad pro- though we have Jewish and a- theist professors," he continued in gram that is not being used. This Judy Rhodes, Stu McDowell, Sonny Massey, and Pam Haus- a recent discussion concerning program allows 30 students to child read during a rehearsal of Virginia Woolf, directed by academic life at Malcalester. study abroad for a semester and Lynn Niederfeld. In the future Dr. Garvin would 15 for a year with up to 750 dol- like to see more and better profes- lars available for aid beyond the Albee Play Presened: At Home sors who have less teaching time. regular financial aid." "We are able to attract good When questioned as to curricu- professors because we can offer lum control, Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Civil Rights Chart
    Organizations and Leaders During the Modern Civil Rights Movement Organization!Founded!Major Goals/Events!Leaders National Association for the!1909!Dedicated to full political and civil rights for!W.E.B. DuBois Advancement of Colored!!African-Americans, end lynching, litigation,!Thurgood Marshall!! People (NAACP) !!integration, fair practices in employment and!Roy Wilkins! !!housing; Smith v. Allwright (1944), Shelly v. ! Medgar and Myrlie Evers !!Kraemer (1948), Brown v. Board of Education! Julian Bond! !!(1954), Montgomery Bus Segregation Ruling (1956)! Eleanor and Lincoln Ragsdale (AZ) National Urban League !1911!Solve economic and social problems of urban!Whitney Young !!African-Americans, assist blacks in adjustment to!Eleanor and Lincoln Ragsdale (AZ) !!Northern city life, enforcement and advocation of !!civil rights legislation Nation of Islam (NOI)!1930!Black separatism, black pride, self-defense, black!Elijah Muhammad !!economic self-sufficiency, programs and events!Malcolm X !!in African-American community, black supremacy!Muhammad Ali !!controversial for racist, anti-Semitic, anti-gay rhetoric!Louis Farrakhan Congress of Racial Equality!1942!End segregation and discrimination through direct!James Farmer (CORE) !!nonviolent action (Gandhi), freedom rides to!Bayard Rustin !!desegregate interstate buses (1947, 1961), sit-ins!Floyd McKissick !!to integrate lunch counters, voter registration,!Roy Innis !!CORE activists Schwerner, Cheney & Goodman !!murdered (1964), black power, black nationalism (1966) !!!! Southern Christian Leadership
    [Show full text]
  • Text Title Genre the Story of Prometheus and Pandora's Box
    Week of April 27- May 1 Grade: 8 Content: ELA Learning Objective: Greetings 8th graders! We hope you are safe and well with your families! This week we are providing you with 5 engaging and informative readings from Common Lit to choose from. We are also providing you with ways to boost your important reading skills through on-line programs. Students with a device and access to the internet should spend time on these sites as well as work on Common Lit activities each week. Common Lit Activities: Text Title Genre The Story of Prometheus and Pandora’s Box Short Story Ruthless Short Story The Power of ‘Like’ Informational Text Fear Prompts Teens to Act Impulsively Informational Text First They Came Poem Skills Activities: The following websites provide students with more practice with important reading skills. Only students at the identified schools have access to these sites. Directions for logging on are also in this folder. School Program North, East, West, Plouffe Amplify Reading Ashfield, South, Davis Power Up Mrs. K Silva’s classes at West READ 180 Mrs. Holm’s classes at West Mrs. Freschett’s classes at West Name: Class: The Sit-In Movement By USHistory.org 2016 The Civil Rights Movement (1954-1968) was a social movement in the United States during which activists attempted to end racial segregation and discrimination against African Americans. This movement employed several different types of protests. As you read, identify the tactics that civil rights activists used to oppose racial segregation. [1] By 1960, the Civil Rights Movement had gained strong momentum.
    [Show full text]
  • Information to Users
    INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand com er and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. ProQuest Information and Learning 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 USA 800-521-0600 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. BIRDS OF A DIFFERENT FEATHER: AFRICAN AMERICAN SUPPORT FOR THE VIETNAM WAR IN THE JOHNSON YEARS, 1965-1969 DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of the Ohio State University By Elisse Yvette Wright, B.A., J.D., M.A. The Ohio State University 2002 Dissertation Committee: Approved by Professor Michael J. Hogan, Adviser Professor Peter L. Hahn ■dviser Professor Warren Van Tine Department ot History Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner.
    [Show full text]
  • The Story of Soul City
    DUKE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY VISIONS, ILLUSIONS ' .v AND PERCEPTIONS: THE STORY OF SOUL CITY FOON RHEE HONORS THESIS 16 APRIL 1984 %4 $uh« DURHAM NORTH CAROLINA POSTAL CODE 27706 DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY TELEPHONE 919 —684-3014 April 20, 1984 Dear Colleagues: I am writing in support of Foon Rhee's candidacy for honors within the history department. Foon's work on Soul Cityis remarkable. The richness of sources he has drawn upon almost boggles the imagination, particularly given the relatively short time period during which he pursued his work. There is enough research here to provide the basis for at least one or two master's essays, if not a dissertation. Furthermore, Foon uses the material with skill, moving easily between quotation of oral testimony and citation of government memoranda or newspaper stories. In addition to all this, the thesis is written beautifully, and Foon has responded .extremely well to suggestions from Syd and myself that he put more structure and interpretation into his narrative. There has been substantial growth in Foon's approach to Soul City from the time the project began. Perhaps most importantly, Foon has given us a clear and multi- faceted understanding of how and why Soul City suffered the fate that it did. We feel as though we know McKissick, and that the various themes in his life that came together in Soul City are clear and traceable, from the determination to be independent of white authority reflected in his early encounter with the white policeman in Asheville, through his "trading post" idea of the 50' s, the encounter with rebuilding European cities after World War II, and the deep desire to create something lasting out of the turmoil of the civil rights movement.
    [Show full text]
  • Non-Violence in the Civil Rights Movement in the United States of America
    1 Non-violence in the Civil Rights Movement in the United States of America Dissertation Freie Universität Berlin JFK Institut 2008 Fachbereich Philosophie und Geisteswissenschaften Disputationsdatum 18.02.2009 Wissenschaftlicher Betreuer: Prof. Sieglinde Lemke Eingereicht von Sherif Abdel Samad 2 Outline Introduction 6 1.) Non-violence and African-American Culture 17 1.1. Introduction of Non-violence 17 1.2.) Necessity of Success of Non-violence 24 1.3.) Non-violence in America 28 1.3.1.) African-American Non-violence before the Civil Rights Movement 29 1.3.2.) Non-violence and African-American Intellectuals and Leaders 29 1.3.3.) Gandhi and the African-American Civil Rights Movement 32 1.4.) The Difference between Non-violence, Non-cooperation and Civil Disobedience 37 1.5.) Self-defense and Non-violence in the Civil Rights Movement 42 1.6.) Non-violence: Pragmatic Means or a Way of Life? 45 1.7.) Non-violence is not a Weak Philosophy 52 1.7.1.) The Difference between Non-violence, Pacifism and Militant Non-violence 52 1.8.) A Rhetoric of Non-violence and Black Pride 58 1.8.1.) Black Power and Non-violence 58 1.8.2.) Black Pride and Non-violence 61 1.9.) Black Mission 71 1.10.) Passivity of the South, Church and Religion 73 1.10.1.) Passivity of the South 74 1.10.2.) Redefinition of the Church and the Social Gospel 77 1.10.3.) Religion and Protest 85 1.10.4.) A Non-violent God 91 1.11.) Songs 98 1.12.) Conclusion 101 2.) Conversion of Public Opinion through Non-violent Rhetoric and Dramatization 103 2.1.) A Change of Perception of African-American
    [Show full text]
  • Answers to Activity Sheets for Grades 4 Through 8
    Martin Luther King Jr. National Historic Site Visitor Center Exhibits Answers to Activity Sheets for Grades 4 through 8 SEGREGATION Define the word Segregation? The separation or isolation of a race, class or ethnic group by enforced or voluntary residence in a restricted area by barriers to social intercourse. 1. Give three examples of segregation? A. Separate bathrooms B. Separate water fountains C. Separate Schools D. Non-example: Answers will vary. 2. Look at the pictures of schools of the 1930’s (black school on the left, white school on the right). How are they different on the outside? Wood vs. Brick Small vs. Large How do you think they were different on the inside? (heat, lights, books, supplies, etc.)? No central heating, limited supplies, and outdated textbooks (The photo underneath will help you answer the question). 261 3. What were Jim Crow Laws? Jim Crow Laws were State segregation laws enacted to keep the black and white races separate. List 3 that might have affected you if you lived in the 1930s or 1940s. No colored barbers shall serve as a barber to white women and girls. Books shall not be interchangeable between the white and colored schools. But should continue to be used by the race first using them. (NC) The state librarian is directed to fit up and maintain a separate place for the use of the colored people who may come to the library for the purpose of reading books or periodicals. (NC) 4. Watch the video in this area. What happened at Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas in 1957? Nine students integrated Central High School.
    [Show full text]
  • The Old Black Corporate Bar: Durham's Wall Street, 1898-1971, 92 N.C
    NORTH CAROLINA LAW REVIEW Volume 92 Article 5 Number 6 North Carolina Issue 9-1-2014 The Old lB ack Corporate Bar: Durham's Wall Street, 1898-1971 Amos N. Jones Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.law.unc.edu/nclr Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation Amos N. Jones, The Old Black Corporate Bar: Durham's Wall Street, 1898-1971, 92 N.C. L. Rev. 1831 (2014). Available at: http://scholarship.law.unc.edu/nclr/vol92/iss6/5 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Carolina Law Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in North Carolina Law Review by an authorized administrator of Carolina Law Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE "OLD" BLACK CORPORATE BAR: DURHAM'S WALL STREET, 1898-1971* AMOS N. JONES" Over the last twenty years, eminent scholars such as David Wilkins have paid considerable attention to the "new black corporate bar" as a phenomenon worthy of treatment. This Article builds on that work by introducing a fascinating law- practice reality that developed in a unique setting in the early 1900s American South. What if Wall Street had been black? What if its elite feeder institutions had been black? What if the black bar were, in a corporate economy of scale, relatively sizable? These questions might make for fascinating counterfactuals, if not for the concrete reality that such a community-albeit small-actually existed, expanded, and prospered in midcentury Durham, North Carolina. Coining the term "old black corporatebar" to stand in distinction to the "new black corporate bar," the Article analyzes the world in which that exceptional and heretofore unexamined black bar germinated and influenced a relatively sophisticated legal landscape in a moderate, midsized southern city backdropped by a laissez-faire white leadership class that proved progressive for racialrelations.
    [Show full text]
  • An Unlikely Friendship
    A An Unlikely Curriculum and Friendship Video Guide A teaching guide FPG Child Development Institute, and for the award-winning Carolina Center for Public Service An Unlikely Friendship The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill multicultural documentary The Kenan Institute for Ethics, and produced and directed by Office of Institutional Equity Diane Bloom Duke University A An Unlikely Curriculum and Friendship Video Guide Teaching kit includes 35-minute DVD of the award-winning documentary by Diane Bloom. The Unlikely Friendship Curriculum and Video Guide This teacher’s guide has been prepared was written by Kirsten Kainz in collaboration with to accompany the 35-minute An Unlikely Diane Bloom, Camille Catlett, Bryce Little, David Friendship DVD. The guide was prepared Markus, Anna Mitchell, Melanie Mitchell, Ben by the Unlikely Friendship Curriculum Reese and Pam Winton. Input was provided by Lori Development and Planning Team. Brown, Derek Burns, Tito Craige, Kristen Greene, It was produced by the FPG Child Devel- Darlene Head, Jamie Lathan, Howard Machtinger, opment Institute in collaboration with Rob Helfenbein, Elaine Marcus, Perry Pike, Patsy the Kenan Institute for Ethics and Pierce, Florence Soltys, Lynne Vernon-Feagans, Office for Institutional Equity at Tiffany Watts, and David Wiggins. Duke University. An Unlikely Friendship A Curriculum and Video Guide iii An Unlikely Friendship 35-minute documentary film and DVD © 2003 Diane Bloom An Unlikely Friendship: A Curriculum and Video Guide © 2003 by the Unlikely Friendship Curriculum Development and Planning Team No part of the film, video, or DVD or of the book may be reproduced in any form without written permission from the publisher, with the excep- tion of materials designed to be copied for classroom use, and for brief quotations embodied in critical articles or reviews.
    [Show full text]
  • FBI Compiled Dossier on Dr. Ralph Abernathy Washington — at The
    FBI Compiled Dossier on Dr. Ralph Abernathy Washington — At the request of the gorically denied that agents had ever Frederick, held„ has discovered that late Dr. Martin Luther King's associ- used electronic surveillance against certain material was deleted from ates, we investigated the smear Abernathy. Several references, in- Jackie's testimony on June 5, 1964. charges that the FBI had spread cluding other conversations between Jack The deleted testimony indicates that against him. We reported in an earlier Abernathy and his wife, are attributed she was trying to aid her husband, not column that the stories were grossly in the file to "confidential sources who Anderson save herself. The details were so inaccurate. had furnished reliable information in grisly that they were deleted as a with The same associates complained the past." matter of taste. We have decided not that Dr. King's successor as a, civil It is clear from the file that FBI Les Whitten to reprint this portion, except to re- rights leader, the Rev. Ralph Aber- agents visited the U.S. Passport Of- port that the First Lady apparently nathy, was also kept under intensive fice to get his travel schedule and was trying to help keep her husband's FBI surveillance. From secret FBI credit bureau offices to find out about head intact, not trying to escape from files, we have confirmed that the G- his finances. whose only crime is voicing the tribu- the limousine. men have a record of the most in- Under the late J. Edgar Hoover, the lations of their people: who have done The full details will be published in timate details of his life.
    [Show full text]