1977 Year Book

A When we build, let it be such work as our descen- dants will thank us for:and let us thi n k, as we lay stone on stone, that the time will come when men will say as they look upon the labor and the substance, "See! this ourfathers did far us." JOHN RUSKIN AMERICAN ACADEMY Of ACTUARIES 1977 Year Book PUBLISHED BY THE ACADEMY Executive Office Administrative Office 1775 K Street, N.W. 208 South LaSalle Street Washington, D.C. 20006 Chicago, Illinois 60604 DECEMBER 31, 1976 MADE IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA TABLE OF CONTENTS HISTORY . 2 BOARD OF DIRECTORS . 5 ACADEMY HEADQUARTERS AND STAFF . 5 STANDING COMMITTEES . 6 SPECIAL COMMITTEE . 14 JOINT COMMITTEES . 15 PAST OFFICERS . 17 MEMBERSHIP STATISTICS . 19 MEMBERSHIP , DECEMBER 31, 1976 . 21 INCORPORATION OF THE ACADEMY . 153 BYLAWS . 155 PRESCRIBED EXAMINATIONS . 167 GUIDES TO PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT . 169 OPINIONS AS TO PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT . 173 FINANCIAL REPORTING RECOMMENDATIONS AND INTERPRETATIONS 191 PENSION PLAN RECOMMENDATIONS AND INTERPRETATIONS . 231 APPLICATION FOR ADMISSION . 251 OTHER ACTUARIAL ORGANIZATIONS . 253 ACTUARIAL CLUBS . 256 1 HISTORY OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF ACTUARIES It was on October 25, 1965 that the American Academy of Actuaries was organized as an unincorporated association to serve the actuarial profession in the United States. The corresponding national body in Canada, the Canadian Institute of Actuaries, had been incorporated earlier in the same year . For many years the profession in North America had consisted of four bodies: the Casualty Actuarial Society, the Conference of Actuaries in Public Practice, the Fraternal Actuarial Association, and the Society of Actuaries . In 1964, the members of those four bodies, recognizing the need for a single body to represent actuaries of all specialties, approved formation of an all- inclusive organization of qualified United States actuaries. The original plan had been to obtain a federal charter as the first step toward seeking legal recognition of the profession . When it became appar- ent that this could not be promptly obtained, the Academy was dissolved as an unincorporated association and, on April .29, 1966, was reorganized as a corporation under the Illinois General Not For Profit Corporation Act . Henry F. Rood, whose presidential address to the Society of Actuaries in 1958 had voiced the first formal proposal for a national body, was elected its first Pres- ident. MEMBERSHIP REQUIREMENTS. Academy membership was intended to serve as the hallmark of a qualified actuary in the United States. All residents who were Fellows (or the equivalent) of the four existing bodies on October 25, 1965, were automatically enrolled as Academy members, subject to their indicated assent by paying the dues . The number of charter members was 1,427. The Academy immediately set about making its existence known to com- petent actuaries not eligible as charter members . It was required that any such actuary demonstrate to the Admissions Committee adequate knowledge and skills . Many were admitted by this route, some after passing special proctored examinations . A requirement of seven years of responsible actuarial experience (five years for Fellows by examination of the existing bodies) was imposed. After January 1, 1970, educational requirements were gradually increased until the ultimate standard was reached in 1976. Non-residents of the United States can be admitted to membership if they meet the Academy's educational and experience standards, can demonstrate familiarity with United States actuarial practices, and have a need to perform actuarial duties in the United Stares. 2 History of the American Academy of Actuaries 3 In January 1976, an important amendment to the Bylaws created a new non-voting class of membership designated Affiliate of the American Acad- emy of Actuaries. This class is to consist of non-members of the Academy who become Enrolled Actuaries under the Federal Employees Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (ERISA), subject to acceptance of their applications by the Academy. PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT AND PRACTICE Guides to Professional Conduct were first issued in December 1965, and have since been amplified and sup- plemented by Opinions . These Guides require the high standard of ethics and responsible performance expected of professionals ; the Opinions aim to assist the practicing actuary in dealing with particular situations that arise . The Board of Directors is assisted by separate committees in this field . One of these, the Committee on Guides to Professional Conduct keep the Guides and Opinions current and appropriate; the other, the Committee on Dis- cipline, considers questions that arise about the conduct of any individual member. LEGAL RECOGNITION, In December 1966, the National Association of Insurance Commissioners adopted a resolution supporting recognized standards of actuarial competence and conduct and urging each commissioner to support the efforts of the Academy to gain official recognition. Many states now have regulations that recognize Academy membership as qualification for signing insurance company annual statements; some have corresponding recognition for public employee retirement systems . The first state to act was Indiana, which provided by a 1968 law for certification of actuaries by a state board . The general pattern followed in other states has been issuance of administrative orders or regulations . In 1975 the responsibility expected of actuaries was spelled out by a new requirement that the actuary who signs a life insurance company annual state- ment express an opinion on the actuarial elements including an opinion on the adequacy of reserves. The Academy responded with recommendations to the profession on how this responsibility should be met. In the pension field the 1974 legislation, ERISA, has established extensive and specific standards for actuarial reports, for disclosure and fiduciary re- lationships, and for the qualifications of actuaries in pension work . EXPRESSIONS OF PROFESSIONAL OPINION . The first major influence of the Academy beyond the boundaries of the profession was in its response, begin- ning in 1972, to the drafts of guides for audits of stock life insurance companies by the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants. This co- operative endeavor has led to regular and close association between the actuarial and accounting professions. The Academy is steadily promulgating Recommendations, and Interpreta- tions thereof, for use by actuaries in preparing financial reports for insurance companies and pension plans . The Guides to Professional Conduct and re- lated Opinions require that actuaries take these pronouncements into con- sideration and be prepared to support use of assumptions or methods that vary from them. 4 History o f the American Academy o f Actuaries JOINT ACTIVITIES OF ACTUARIAL BODIES . The North American actuarial bodies cooperate in many ways, largely through joint sponsorship of actuarial examinations and through joint committees as needed . In December 1972 the Academy was instrumental in launching an informal body, the Council of Presidents, to foster even greater understanding and common purpose . ADMINISTRATION . From the outset the Academy shared administrative facilities with the Society of Actuaries in Chicago, which have since been broadened to serve the Conference of Actuaries in Public Practice also . A major step to increase the value and influence of the Academy was taken in Jan- uary 1976 when Stephen G . Kellison was appointed Executive Director with headquarters in Washington, D.C. Kellison, a member of the Academy, will coordinate Academy activities in the public sector. ROBERT C . W INTERS President of the American Academy of Actuaries BOARD OF DIRECTORS OFFICERS : Term 8rpirci ROBERT C . WINTERS, President 1977 EDWIN F. BOYNTON, President-Elect 1977 DALE R. GUSTAFSON, Vice President 1977 M. STANLEY HUGHEY, Vice President 1977 RONALD L BoRNxuETrER, Vice President 1978 LOUIS GARFIN, Vice President 1978 RALPH E. EDWARDS, Secretary 1977 JAMES O. WEBB, JR., Treasurer 1977 PAST-PRESIDENTS : DANIEL J. MCNAMARA 1977 THOMAS P . BOWLES, JR. 1978 ELECTED : 'DWIGHT K. BARTLETT, III 1977 WILLIAM A. DREHER 1977 WALTER L . GRACE 1977 BARBARA J . LAUTZENHEISER 1977 PAUL S . LIscoRD 1977 GEORGE V . STENNES 1977 JOHN C. ANGLE, 1978 THOMAS P. BLEAKNEY 1978 HERBERT L . DEPRBNGPR 1978 EDWARD H. FRIEND 1978 FREDERICK W. KILB,OURNE 1978 P. ADGER WILLIAMS 1978 ROBERT A. BAILEY - 1979 GEOFFREY CROFTS 1979 WILLIAM A. FERGUSON 1979 . ROBERTSON 1979 'WALTER S. RUGLAND 1979 RUTH E. SALZMANN 1979 ACADEMY HEADQUARTERS AND STAFF Office of Executive Director Administrative Office STEPHEN G . KELLISON, M.A .A.A . BERNARD A . BARTELS Executive Director Administrative Officer 1775 K Street, N .W. 208 South LaSalle Street Washington, D .C. 20006 Chicago, Illinois 60604 202/223-8196 312/782-4204 5 STANDING COMMITTEES (Standing committees are appointed annually , the period running from the close of one annual meeting to the next.) EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE Between meetings of the Board, this Committee has the same powers as the Board, with certain exceptions listed in Article IV of the Bylaws. Ordinarily, it acts only in matters of urgency or lesser importance and makes recommendations to the Board in important matters . THE PRESIDENT, Chairman THE FOUR VICE-PRESIDENTS THE PRESIDENT-ELECT THE SECRETARY THE IMMEDIATE PAST-PRESIDENT THE TREASURER COMMITTEES ON ACCREDITATION The function of these committees is to review

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