DOCSLIB.ORG

New England Whaling Heritage

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
New England Whaling Heritage Daley 1 Daley 2 DECLARATION OF CANDIDATE I certify that this thesis does not incorporate without acknowledging any material previously submitted for a degree or diploma in any university; and that to the best of my knowledge and belief it does not contain any material previously published or written by another person except where due reference is made in the text. Signed, Justin H. Daley 11 February 2020 Daley 3 DEDICATION Michelle B. Noble (1989-2013) The sweat and tears expended to produce this dissertation will forever serve as a reminder of the opportunities denied to so many. Daley 4 ABSTRACT The 18th through 19th century New England whaling industry was the world’s leading whaling enterprise. It generated considerable wealth for dozens of emerging oligarchs whose descendants found themselves in a favorable position to subsequently define the interpretation of whaling heritage over the course of the 19th and 20th centuries. The central question posed in this thesis is: how did an evolving capitalist system influence the preservation and interpretation of the Yankee whaling industry (1712-1875) in New England? Through a detailed study of the indoor and outdoor interpretive resources of 12 communities, this research looks at what aspects of whaling heritage have been preserved, whether there is regional variation in preservation, how interpretations have been influenced by economic circumstances and changed over time, and how particular interpretations have been prioritized and presented to the public. Over 350 interpretive resources were analyzed, revealing differences in the distribution of interpretive resource types and the changes over pre-revival (<1870), revival (1870-1940) and post revival periods (>1940). While the early interpretive material reflects the more formal story of the Yankee elite, the revival period saw a dramatic shift to the Yankee working-class narrative during a time when few ‘whites’ were left in the industry. It was more than a century since the revival period began, before the story of minorities and immigrants gained headway. There is considerable regional geographic variation in interpretive resources, largely resulting from where and when the consolidation of capital occurred in these communities. Ultimately, the geographic position of each community shaped its economic future, as those conducive to newer transportation networks were the most profitable. The increased need for labor during the Industrial Revolution resulted in a perceived a loss of social status by the Yankee elite, which resulted in their expropriation of history through the funding of statues, monuments, artwork, and other historical outlets of interpretation from the 1870s onwards. The conclusion of this research is that what survives in the historic landscape, historic literature and the archaeological record reflects the ideologies of capitalism and its historic impact on whaling in New England. Daley 5 Table of Contents Part I: Introduction, Background, and Economic Theory .................................................................... 14 Chapter I. Introduction ................................................................................................................... 14 Chapter II. Social Identity, Heritage, and Critical Archaeology.................................................... 24 Chapter III. Whaling and the Development of Capitalism in New England ................................. 39 North American Phases of Economic Development: .................................................................. 39 Early American Inequality Cycles: ............................................................................................. 43 The Stages of American Whaling: ............................................................................................... 47 Chapter IV. Labor Structure, Exploitation, and Diversity ............................................................ 60 The Labor Force: Captains and Crew: ....................................................................................... 60 Labor and Exploitation: .............................................................................................................. 65 Diversity in Whaling:................................................................................................................... 68 Chapter V. Local Histories .............................................................................................................. 80 Provincetown, MA: ...................................................................................................................... 80 Martha’s Vineyard, MA: ............................................................................................................. 82 Nantucket, MA: ........................................................................................................................... 84 New Bedford, MA: ....................................................................................................................... 89 Fairhaven, MA: ........................................................................................................................... 95 Westport, MA: ............................................................................................................................. 97 Mattapoisett, MA: ..................................................................................................................... 100 New London, CT: ...................................................................................................................... 102 Stonington, CT: ......................................................................................................................... 104 Mystic, CT: ................................................................................................................................ 108 Warren, RI: ............................................................................................................................... 111 Sag Harbor, NY: ........................................................................................................................ 113 The Capitalists: Whaling Dynasties and their Influence .......................................................... 117 Part II: Methods and Data.................................................................................................................. 133 Chapter VI. Methods ..................................................................................................................... 133 Chapter VII. Whaling Community Data ...................................................................................... 142 Part III: Analysis and Interpretation .................................................................................................. 292 Chapter VIII. Preservation Analysis ............................................................................................. 292 Chapter IX. Interpretation Analysis ............................................................................................. 337 Chapter X. Conclusion .................................................................................................................. 402 Chapter XI. References ................................................................................................................. 411 Daley 6 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. 19th century Whale Product Prices. .......................................................................................... 14 Figure 2. Old Salt Postcard. ................................................................................................................... 19 Figure 3. Top 12 whaling ports .............................................................................................................. 21 Figure 4. Whaling Vessels from Northeastern Ports of the United States. ............................................... 57 Figure 5. Decline of the Whaling Fleet (Hawes 1924:191). .................................................................... 59 Figure 6. Whaleship Diagram of the Bark Alice Knowles (drawing by C.S. Raleigh). ............................ 61 Figure 7. Whaleships in the Azores – Courtesy of NBWM. .................................................................... 70 Figure 8. Site of the Brant Point Shipyard (Starbuck 1945:129). ............................................................ 87 Figure 9. Water and Williams streets, 1805 (facing West) (Arato and Eleeny 1998:12). ......................... 91 Figure 10. Painting of Water and Williams streets, 1805 (Northwest) (William Wall, 1807). .................. 91 Figure 11. Labeling of painting of Water and Williams streets, 1805 (Northwest) (Courtesy of NBWM). .............................................................................................................................................................. 92 Figure 12. Drawing of Shipbuilding on Westport Point (Raymond Shaw in O’Neil 2016). ..................... 98 Figure 13. Westport Shipbuilding (Raymond Shaw 2018) ...................................................................... 99 Figure 14. Top 12 whaling ports with smaller whaling communities (base map is Mawer 1999:4). ....... 134 Figure 15. Provincetown House Markers ............................................................................................. 143 Figure 16. Provincetown Interpretative (orange), Commercial/Industrial (red/crimson), and Residential (green) Resources.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Black Reconstruction
    BLACK RECONSTRUCTION AN ESSAY TOWARD A HISTORY OF THE PART WHICH BLACK FOLK PLAYED IN THE ATTEMPT TO RECONSTRUCT DEMOCRACY IN AMERICA, 1860-1880 BY W. E. Burghardt Du Bois PROFESSOROF SOCIOLOGY IN THE ATLANTA UNIVERSITY HARCOURT, BRACE AND COMPANY NEW YORK XVI. BACK TOWARD SLAVERY How civil war in the South began again—indeed had never ceased; and how black Prometheus bound to the Rock of Ages by hate, hurt and humiliation, has his vitals eaten out as they grow, yet lives and fights It must be remembered and never forgotten that the civil war in the South which overthrew Reconstruction was a determined effort to reduce black labor as nearly as possible to a condition of unlimited exploitation and build a new class of capitalists on this foundation. The wage of the Negro worker, despite the war amendments, was to be reduced to the level of bare subsistence by taxation, peonage, caste, and every method of discrimination. This program had to be carried out in open defiance of the clear letter of the law. The lawlessness in the South since the Civil War has varied in its phases. First, it was that kind of disregard for law which follows all war. Then it became a labor war, an attempt on the part of impov- erished capitalists and landholders to force laborers to work on the capitalist's own terms. From this, it changed to a war between labor- ers, white and black men fighting for the same jobs. Afterward, the white laborer joined the white landholder and capitalist and beat the black laborer into subjection through secret organizations and the rise of a new doctrine of race hatred.
    [Show full text]
  • New Bedford Whaling
    Whaling Capital of the World Park Partners Cultural Effects Lighting the World Sternboard from the brig Scrimshaw Port of Entry Starting in the Colonial era, the finest smokeless, odorless “ The town itself is perhaps Eunice H. Adams, 1845. On voyages that might The whaling industry Americans pursued whales candles. Whale-oil was also the dearest place to live last as long as four employed large num- primarily for blubber to fuel processed into fine industrial in, in all New England. years, whalemen spent bers of African-Ameri- lamps. Whale blubber was lubricating oils. Whale-oil their leisure hours cans, Azoreans, and rendered into oil at high All these brave houses carving and scratching Cape Verdeans, whose from New Bedford ships lit and flowery gardens decorations on sperm communities still flour- temperatures aboard ship—a much of the world from the whale teeth, whale- ish in New Bedford process whalemen called “try- 1830s until petroleum alterna- came from the Atlantic, bone, and baleen. This today. New Bedford’s ing out.” Sperm whales were tives like kerosene and gas re- Pacific, and Indian folk art, known as role in 19th-century prized for their higher-grade placed it in the 1860s. COLLECTION, NEW BEDFORD WHALING MUSEUM scrimshaw, often de- American history was spermaceti oil, used to make oceans. One and all, picted whaling adven- not limited to whaling, they were harpooned Today, New Bedford is a city of The National Park Service National Park Service is to work Heritage Center in Barrow, tures or scenes of however. It was also a nearly 100,000, but its historic joined this partnership in 1996 collaboratively with a wide Alaska, to help recognize the home.
    [Show full text]
  • Maritime Heritage in American Samoa
    Connections to the Sea: Maritime Heritage in American Samoa American Samoa. The inventory features Cultural Heritage from the Sea? multiple aspects of history in American Cultural heritage resources in the marine Samoa: 1) historic shipwrecks lost in American Samoa; 2) World War II naval context emphasize all types of past human connections to the sea, whether those aircraft lost in American Samoa; 3) World connections are centered in Samoan traditions War II fortifications, gun emplacements, and and lifestyles (fa`a-Samoa), Samoan coastal coastal pillboxes; 4) Samoan coastal archaeological sites or cultural uses of marine archaeological sites; and 5) coastal and resources, or maritime heritage sites such as marine features associated with ancient NOAA ONMS historic shipwrecks and other significant Samoan myths and legends. Very few of the A coastal pillbox near the village of Alao; underwater objects. historic ships or aircraft have been located signposts of the Pacific War. within the waters of the Territory; the initial inventory work was document-based and did Certain coastal and marine natural features like tupua also have strong cultural connections as not involve field survey. Some of the visible touchstones of oral history, parts of the potential sites, if located and confirmed, NOAA’s Maritime Heritage could be eligible for the National Register of Program heritage record. According to Volk, Knudsen, Kluge and Herdrich, “these sites are of Historic Places. The Office of National Marine Sanctuaries extraordinary significance to
    [Show full text]
  • (Kommontoealtlj of Jhassacfjwsetts
    RULES AND ORDERS, TO BE OBSERVED IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF THE (Kommontoealtlj of jHassacfjwsetts, FOR THE YEAR 1834. PUBLISHED BY ORDER OP THE HOUSE. BOSTON: DUTTON AND WENTWORTH, STATE PRINTERS 1834. , Rules and Orders of the House. CHAPTER I. O f the Duties and Powers of the Speaker. I. T h e Speaker shall take the Chair every day at the hour to which the House shall have adjourned ; shall call the Members to order ; and on the appear­ ance of a quorum, shall proceed to business. II. H e shall preserve decorum and order ; may speak to points of order in preference to other Members; and shall decide all questions of order, subject to an appeal to the House on motion regularly seconded. III. H e shall declare all votes ; but if any Member rises to doubt a vote, the Speaker shall order a re­ turn of the number voting in the affirmative, and in the negative, without any further debate upon the question. IV. H e shall rise to put a question, or to address the House, but may read sitting. V. In all cases the Speaker may vote. VI. W h e n the House shall determine to go into a Committee of the whole House, the Speaker shall appoint the Member who shall take the Chair. VII. W h e n any Member shall require a question to be determined by yeas and nays, the Speaker shall take the sense of the House in that manner, provided one third of the members present are in favor of it.
    [Show full text]
  • Moby-Dick: a Picture Voyage
    Moby-Dick A Picture Voyage Library of Congress Cataloging–in–Publication Data Melville, Herman, 1819-1891 Moby-Dick : a picture voyage : an abridged and illustrated edition of the original classic / by Herman Melville ; edited by Tamia A. Burt, Joseph D. Thomas, Marsha L. McCabe ; with illustrations from the New Bedford Whaling Museum. p. cm. ISBN 0-932027-68-7 (pbk.) -- ISBN 0-932027-73-3 (Cloth) 1. Melville, Herman, 1819-1891. Moby Dick--Illustrations. 2. Sea stories, American--Illustrations. 3. Whaling ships--Pictoirial works. 4. Whaling--Pictorial works. 5. Whales--Pictorial works. I. Burt, Tamia A. II. Thomas, Joseph D. III. McCabe, Marsha. IV. Title. PS2384.M6 A36 2002 813'.3--dc21 2002009311 © 2002 by Spinner Publications, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America Spinner Publications, Inc., New Bedford, MA 02740 Moby-Dick A Picture Voyage An Abridged and Illustrated Edition of the Original Classic by Herman Melville Edited by Tamia A. Burt, Joseph D. Thomas, Marsha L. McCabe with illustrations from The New Bedford Whaling Museum Acknowledgments / Credits Naturally, no serious book concerning the American whaling industry can be done with- out interaction with the New Bedford Whaling Museum. We are grateful to Director Anne Brengle and Director of Programs Lee Heald for their support. We are especially grateful to the Museum’s library staff, particularly Assistant Librarian Laura Pereira and Librarian Michael Dyer, for their energy and helpfulness, and to Collections Manager Mary Jean Blasdale, Curator Michael Jehle, volunteer Irwin Marks, Emeritus Director Richard Kugler, and Photo Archivist Michael Lapides. When we began work on this project, The Kendall Whaling Museum was an indepen- dent entity in Sharon, Massachusetts, and we were fortunate enough to receive the gracious assistance and eminent knowledge of the Kendall’s Director, Stuart M.
    [Show full text]
  • Species Identity and Human Consumption of Beaked Whales in the Gilbert Islands, Republic of Kiribati
    Species identity and human consumption of beaked whales in the Gilbert Islands, Republic of Kiribati Baker, C. S., Hutt, A., Thompson, K., Dalebout, M. L., Robins, J., Brownell, R. L. and Stone, G. S. (2013), Species identity and human consumption of beaked whales in the Gilbert Islands, Republic of Kiribati. Animal Conservation, 16: 641– 647. doi:10.1111/acv.12039 10.1111/acv.12039 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Version of Record http://hdl.handle.net/1957/47403 http://cdss.library.oregonstate.edu/sa-termsofuse bs_bs_banner Animal Conservation. Print ISSN 1367-9430 Species identity and human consumption of beaked whales in the Gilbert Islands, Republic of Kiribati C. S. Baker1,2, A. Hutt3, K. Thompson2, M. L. Dalebout4, J. Robins5, R. L. Brownell Jr6 & G. S. Stone7 1 Marine Mammal Institute, Oregon State University, Newport, OR, USA 2 School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand 3 Department of Conservation, Akaroa, New Zealand 4 School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia 5 Department of Anthropology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand 6 NOAA Fisheries, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, Pacific Grove, CA, USA 7 Conservation International, Arlington, VA, USA Keywords Abstract molecular taxonomy; DNA surveillance; biodiversity; subsistence; marine bushmeat. We investigated the species identity and local use of cetaceans on the Gilbert Islands, Republic of Kiribati. Working with the Kiribati Ministry of Environ- Correspondence ment, Lands and Agricultural Development and Fisheries Division, we visited C. Scott Baker, Marine Mammal Institute, the islands of Tarawa, Tabiteuea (North), Butaritari and Onotoa from June to Oregon State University, Newport, Oregon July 2009, and collected 24 bones, bone fragments or teeth attributed to recent 97365, USA.
    [Show full text]
  • Modernity, Class, and the Architectures of Community
    ONE Introduction: Modernity, Class, and the Architectures of Community They hold a refracted mirror in front of that which is civilized out of which a caricature of its obverse essence stares back. —Siegfried Kracauer, 1971 On the evening of 2 January 1910, Fathallah Qastun, a newspaper editor in Aleppo, one of the most important cities of the Ottoman Empire, ad­ dressed the inaugural meeting of the Mutual Aid Society. Simply titled “Becoming Civilized,” the text of the speech, complete with parenthetical notations of spontaneous applause, was published in Qastun’s own Ara­ bic-language newspaper, al-Sha"b [The People]. Qastun began his speech by asking: “Why have we not yet become fully civilized and in particular, why have we not borrowed more from Europe?” He answered his own question by arguing: I say we have not become fully part of Western Civilization because we have only taken from it what is in conformity with the traditions and customs of the various races which make up our state. This has caused both material and cul­ tural harm....F ori fw ejust copy Europeans, we will disavow our origins and acquire an antipathy toward our [past]. Instead, we should follow them as closely as possible in the way in which they protect their own race and home­ land. We should strive to protect our noble language and ways just as they protect their languages and ways.1 Beyond distinguishing between the mere reproduction of the superficial trappings of European manners and fashions and the complete adoption of the bases of what the editor would later call “true civilization” (al­ madaniyya al-haqqa), the most striking feature of this lecture is Qastun’s conclusion that incorporation of the “essence” of the West and not just its material culture was vital to the survival of his society.
    [Show full text]
  • The Tragedy of the Whaleship Essex
    WHALING LINGO and the NANTUCKET SLEIGH RIDE 0. WHALING LINGO and the NANTUCKET SLEIGH RIDE - Story Preface 1. THE CREW of the ESSEX 2. FACTS and MYTHS about SPERM WHALES 3. KNOCKDOWN of the ESSEX 4. CAPTAIN POLLARD MAKES MISTAKES 5. WHALING LINGO and the NANTUCKET SLEIGH RIDE 6. OIL from a WHALE 7. HOW WHALE BLUBBER BECOMES OIL 8. ESSEX and the OFFSHORE GROUNDS 9. A WHALE ATTACKS the ESSEX 10. A WHALE DESTROYS the ESSEX 11. GEORGE POLLARD and OWEN CHASE 12. SURVIVING the ESSEX DISASTER 13. RESCUE of the ESSEX SURVIVORS 14. LIFE after the WRECK of the ESSEX Robert E. Sticker created an oil painting interpreting the “Nantucket Sleigh Ride,” an adrenalin-producing event which occurred after whalers harpooned a whale. As the injured whale reacted to the trauma, swimming away from its hunters, it pulled the small whaleboat and its crew behind. Copyright Robert Sticker, all rights reserved. Image provided here as fair use for educational purposes and to acquaint new viewers with Sticker’s work. As more and more Nantucketers hunted, captured and killed whales—including sperm whales—whalers had to travel farther and farther from home to find their prey. In the early 18th century, Nantucketers were finding cachalot (sperm whales) in the middle of the Pacific at a place they called the “Offshore Ground.” A thousand miles, or so, off the coast of Peru, the Offshore Ground seemed to be productive. After taking-on supplies at the Galapagos Islands—including 180 additional large tortoises (from Hood Island) to use as meat when they were so far from land—Captain Pollard and his crew sailed the Essex toward the Offshore Grounds.
    [Show full text]
  • Administrative Structure of the Program
    Journal of Business & Economics Research – July 2012 Volume 10, Number 7 Religious Beliefs And Wealth Accumulation E. Anne York, Meredith College, USA Marilyn Dutton, Meredith College, USA ABSTRACT One of the more interesting findings in the research on household wealth is the relationship between religion and wealth accumulation. In contrast to previous studies that use denominational affiliation, we use a more precise measure of religious belief constructed from responses to survey questions regarding interpretation of the Bible. Regression results indicate that households with more literalist Biblical beliefs have lower net worth overall. Additional analysis using quantile regression reveals that this relationship holds only for the upper half of the wealth distribution. There is no relationship at lower levels of wealth. Finally, while more literalist households are less likely to have an investment account or to have ever received an inheritance, they are more likely to own a home and to have a positive net worth. Keywords: Wealth Accumulation; Religion; Quantile Regression; National Survey of Families and Households INTRODUCTION s a measure of economic well-being, household wealth is at least as important as income. Wealth enhances current consumption, ensures future consumption for the current generation, and through bequests augments the consumption of future generations. The disparity in wealth is well Arecognized, but the growing gap between the wealthiest and the poorest segments in the U.S. is nevertheless disturbing. Between 1983 and 2007 the growth rate in net worth was much greater for the top wealth groups than for groups lower in the wealth distribution. In fact, the average wealth of the poorest 40% actually declined by 63% during that period (Wolff 2010).
    [Show full text]
  • A New Bedford Voyage!
    Funding in Part by: ECHO - Education through Cultural and Historical Organizations The Jessie B. DuPont Fund A New Bedford Voyage! 18 Johnny Cake Hill Education Department New Bedford 508 997-0046, ext. 123 Massachusetts 02740-6398 fax 508 997-0018 new bedford whaling museum education department www.whalingmuseum.org To the teacher: This booklet is designed to take you and your students on a voyage back to a time when people thought whaling was a necessity and when the whaling port of New Bedford was known worldwide. I: Introduction page 3 How were whale products used? What were the advantages of whale oil? How did whaling get started in America? A view of the port of New Bedford II: Preparing for the Voyage page 7 How was the whaling voyage organized? Important papers III: You’re on Your Way page 10 Meet the crew Where’s your space? Captain’s rules A day at sea A 24-hour schedule Time off Food for thought from the galley of a whaleship How do you catch a whale? Letters home Your voice and vision Where in the world? IV: The End of the Voyage page 28 How much did you earn? Modern whaling and conservation issues V: Whaling Terms page 30 VI: Learning More page 32 NEW BEDFORD WHALING MUSEUM Editor ECHO Special Projects Illustrations - Patricia Altschuller - Judy Chatfield - Gordon Grant Research Copy Editor Graphic Designer - Stuart Frank, Michael Dyer, - Clara Stites - John Cox - MediumStudio Laura Pereira, William Wyatt Special thanks to Katherine Gaudet and Viola Taylor, teachers at Friends Academy, North Dartmouth, MA, and to Judy Giusti, teacher at New Bedford Public Schools, for their contributions to this publication.
    [Show full text]
  • Modern Whaling
    This PDF is a selection from an out-of-print volume from the National Bureau of Economic Research Volume Title: In Pursuit of Leviathan: Technology, Institutions, Productivity, and Profits in American Whaling, 1816-1906 Volume Author/Editor: Lance E. Davis, Robert E. Gallman, and Karin Gleiter Volume Publisher: University of Chicago Press Volume ISBN: 0-226-13789-9 Volume URL: http://www.nber.org/books/davi97-1 Publication Date: January 1997 Chapter Title: Modern Whaling Chapter Author: Lance E. Davis, Robert E. Gallman, Karin Gleiter Chapter URL: http://www.nber.org/chapters/c8288 Chapter pages in book: (p. 498 - 512) 13 Modern Whaling The last three decades of the nineteenth century were a period of decline for American whaling.' The market for oil was weak because of the advance of petroleum production, and only the demand for bone kept right whalers and bowhead whalers afloat. It was against this background that the Norwegian whaling industry emerged and grew to formidable size. Oddly enough, the Norwegians were not after bone-the whales they hunted, although baleens, yielded bone of very poor quality. They were after oil, and oil of an inferior sort. How was it that the Norwegians could prosper, selling inferior oil in a declining market? The answer is that their costs were exceedingly low. The whales they hunted existed in profusion along the northern (Finnmark) coast of Norway and could be caught with a relatively modest commitment of man and vessel time. The area from which the hunters came was poor. Labor was cheap; it also happened to be experienced in maritime pursuits, particularly in the sealing industry and in hunting small whales-the bottlenose whale and the white whale (narwhal).
    [Show full text]
  • Large Whale Restraint – Page 1 of 108 REPORT of LARGE WHALE
    Large Whale Restraint – Page 1 of 108 REPORT OF LARGE WHALE RESTRAINT WORKSHOP Feb 7th & 8th 2006 AT CARRIAGE HOUSE WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION WOODS HOLE MA 02543 SPONSORED BY NATIONAL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE Order # EM133F05SE5824 Requisition/ Reference # NFFM5100-5-00800 AUTHORS Andrea Bogomolni1, Regina Campbell-Malone1, Nadine Lysiak1 and Michael Moore2 1Rapporteurs, 2Chair Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Woods Hole MA 02543 Large Whale Restraint – Page 2 of 108 Executive Summary The Problem: until large whale entanglements can be avoided, disentanglement is a necessary stop gap measure to enhance the survival of critically endangered large whales. Cases that are refractory to the standard protocols developed and used by the Provincetown Center for Coastal Studies (PCCS) are especially head and flipper wraps in right whales. There is a need both for immediately deployable solutions and development of better technology and techniques. Such advances must avoid proliferation of at sea personnel and include plans for next steps in each possible contingency. These are not currently supported within the Disentanglement Network or NOAA. History: two prior workshops resulted in a focus on the potential for sedation to enhance tractability, the delivery of hyper-concentrated Meperidine and Midazolam via a pole delivered, gas powered syringe to an entangled right whale, the acquisition of a working right whale tail model and its use to develop tail harness systems, and the conceptualization of a suction cup tag that could deliver drugs on demand and monitor the status of the individual. Experience from sedating marine mammals in captivity, and observation of sleeping right whales suggests that adequate tractability might be achieved in free swimming animals without significant loss of equilibrium.
    [Show full text]