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Monitoring of the Abrasion Processes (By the Example of Alakol Lake, Republic of Kazakhstan)
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL & SCIENCE EDUCATION 2016, VOL. 11, NO. 11, 4164-4174 OPEN ACCESS Monitoring of the Abrasion Processes (by the Example of Alakol Lake, Republic of Kazakhstan) Ainagul Abitbayevaa, Adilet Valeyeva, Kamshat Yegemberdiyevaa, Aizhan Assylbekovab and Aizhan Ryskeldievab aInstitute of Geography, Almaty, KAZAKHSTAN; bAl-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, KAZAKHSTAN ABSTRACT The purpose of the study is to analyze the abrasion processes in the regions of dynamically changing Alakol lakeshores. Using the field method, methods of positioning by the GPS receiver and interpretation of remote sensing data, the authors determined that abrasion processes actively contributed to the formation the modern landscape, causing the occurrence of landslide processes due to trimming coastal cliffs. It influences the dynamic mode of coastline, which currently stands in the sea or in the form of capes in the areas of solid rock, or juts out into the bay with a beach by narrow pebble beaches. The results showed that the lakeshores retreated to 60-100 m (from 1990 to 2015). The suggested method of installation reefs may help to increase bio-productivity, to perform the functions of self-purification of sea water and to reduce the process of destruction of the shores of Alakol lake. KEYWORDS ARTICLE HISTORY Abrasion, relief-forming processes, shores Received 12 May 2016 destruction, lakeside niche, submarine reef Revised 07 June 2016 Accepted 13 June 2016 Introduction Relief, especially its development, plays an important role in assessing the environmental safety of the surrounding space and management of the safe use of natural resources (Schultz, 2015; Velichko & Spasskaya, 2002). This role is reflected in multiple forms of the specific exogenous processes and phenomena changing the shape of the environment (Sharapov, 2013; Ermolaev, 2015). -
Selected Works of Chokan Valikhanov Selected Works of Chokan Valikhanov
SELECTED WORKS OF CHOKAN VALIKHANOV CHOKAN OF WORKS SELECTED SELECTED WORKS OF CHOKAN VALIKHANOV Pioneering Ethnographer and Historian of the Great Steppe When Chokan Valikhanov died of tuberculosis in 1865, aged only 29, the Russian academician Nikolai Veselovsky described his short life as ‘a meteor flashing across the field of oriental studies’. Set against his remarkable output of official reports, articles and research into the history, culture and ethnology of Central Asia, and more important, his Kazakh people, it remains an entirely appropriate accolade. Born in 1835 into a wealthy and powerful Kazakh clan, he was one of the first ‘people of the steppe’ to receive a Russian education and military training. Soon after graduating from Siberian Cadet Corps at Omsk, he was taking part in reconnaissance missions deep into regions of Central Asia that had seldom been visited by outsiders. His famous mission to Kashgar in Chinese Turkestan, which began in June 1858 and lasted for more than a year, saw him in disguise as a Tashkent mer- chant, risking his life to gather vital information not just on current events, but also on the ethnic make-up, geography, flora and fauna of this unknown region. Journeys to Kuldzha, to Issyk-Kol and to other remote and unmapped places quickly established his reputation, even though he al- ways remained inorodets – an outsider to the Russian establishment. Nonetheless, he was elected to membership of the Imperial Russian Geographical Society and spent time in St Petersburg, where he was given a private audience by the Tsar. Wherever he went he made his mark, striking up strong and lasting friendships with the likes of the great Russian explorer and geographer Pyotr Petrovich Semyonov-Tian-Shansky and the writer Fyodor Dostoyevsky. -
Role of Works of Kazakh Writer Dulat Issabekov in Modern National and Global Education
Sultanbekova , Z., Yergobek, K., Atemova, K., Koshenova, T., Yergubekova, Z. /Vol. 7 Núm. 17: 241- 252/ Noviembre - diciembre 2018 241 Artículo de investigación Role of works of kazakh writer dulat issabekov in modern national and global education El papel de las obras del escritor kazaj dulat issabekov en la educación moderna nacional y mundial O papel de trabalhos do escritor kazakh dulat issabekov na educação nacional e global moderna Recibido: 20 de septiembre de 2018. Aceptado: 11 de octubre de 2018 Written by: Zhaudir Sultanbekova (Corresponding Author)80 Kulbek Yergobek81 Kalipa Atemova82 Toty Koshenova83 Zhanat Yergubekova84 Abstract Resumen It is known that in every era, each nation has its Se sabe que en cada era, cada nación tiene sus own values and doctrines in the education of the propios valores y doctrinas en la educación de la younger generation. The reason is that the generación más joven. La razón es que la awareness of the younger generation, its national conciencia de la generación más joven, su psychology should be fostered in close relation to psicología nacional debe fomentarse en estrecha moral heritage of the ancestors. Currently, this is relación con la herencia moral de los one of the important factors for the Kazakh antepasados. Actualmente, este es uno de los people. At the same time, within the framework factores importantes para los kazajos. Al mismo of the President’s program ‘The Course towards tiempo, en el marco del programa del Presidente Future: Modernization of Public Conscience’, the ‘El curso hacia el futuro: modernización de la wide dissemination of the heritage of our national conciencia pública’, la amplia difusión del personalities and works and the education of patrimonio de nuestras personalidades y obras future generation are one of the key problems. -
Ecosystem Service Assessment of the Ili Delta, Kazakhstan Niels Thevs
Ecosystem service assessment of the Ili Delta, Kazakhstan Niels Thevs, Volker Beckmann, Sabir Nurtazin, Ruslan Salmuzauli, Azim Baibaysov, Altyn Akimalieva, Elisabeth A. A. Baranoeski, Thea L. Schäpe, Helena Röttgers, Nikita Tychkov 1. Territorial and geographical location Ili Delta, Kazakhstan Almatinskaya Oblast (province), Bakanas Rayon (county) The Ili Delta is part of the Ramsar Site Ile River Delta and South Lake Balkhash Ramsar Site 2. Natural and geographic data Basic geographical data: location between 45° N and 46° N as well as 74° E and 75.5° E. Fig. 1: Map of the Ili-Balkhash Basin (Imentai et al., 2015). Natural areas: The Ramsar Site Ile River Delta and South Lake Balkhash Ramsar Site comprises wetlands and meadow vegetation (the modern delta), ancient river terraces that now harbour Saxaul and Tamarx shrub vegetation, and the southern coast line of the western part of Lake Balkhash. Most ecosystem services can be attributed to the wetlands and meadow vegetation. Therefore, this study focusses on the modern delta with its wetlands and meadows. During this study, a land cover map was created through classification of Rapid Eye Satellite images from the year 2014. The land cover classes relevant for this study were: water bodies in the delta, dense reed (total vegetation more than 70%), and open reed and shrub vegetation (vegetation cover of reed 20- 70% and vegetation cover of shrubs and trees more than 70%). The land cover class dense reed was further split into submerged dense reed and non-submerged dense reed by applying a threshold to the short wave infrared channel of a Landsat satellite image from 4 April 2015. -
Download From
Information Sheet on Ramsar Wetlands (RIS) – 2006-2008 version Available for download from http://www.ramsar.org/ris/key_ris_index.htm. Categories approved by Recommendation 4.7 (1990), as amended by Resolution VIII.13 of the 8 th Conference of the Contracting Parties (2002) and Resolutions IX.1 Annex B, IX.6, IX.21 and IX. 22 of the 9 th Conference of the Contracting Parties (2005). Notes for compilers: 1. The RIS should be completed in accordance with the attached Explanatory Notes and Guidelines for completing the Information Sheet on Ramsar Wetlands. Compilers are strongly advised to read this guidance before filling in the RIS. 2. Further information and guidance in support of Ramsar site designations are provided in the Strategic Framework and guidelines for the future development of the List of Wetlands of International Importance (Ramsar Wise Use Handbook 7, 2 nd edition, as amended by COP9 Resolution IX.1 Annex B). A 3 rd edition of the Handbook, incorporating these amendments, is in preparation and will be available in 2006. 3. Once completed, the RIS (and accompanying map(s)) should be submitted to the Ramsar Secretariat. Compilers should provide an electronic (MS Word) copy of the RIS and, where possible, digital copies of all maps. 1. Name and address of the compiler of this form: FOR OFFICE USE ONLY . Yerokhov Sergei, Tursunvbayev Valentin. DD MM YY E-mail: [email protected] Sergey Yerokhov Turgut Ozal Str. 242, Ap.1 050046. Almaty, Kazakhstan Designation Site Reference Number Phone: + + 727 3920962 (home) E-mail: [email protected] 2. Date this sheet was completed/updated: October –November, 2007 3. -
Zhanat Kundakbayeva the HISTORY of KAZAKHSTAN FROM
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN THE AL-FARABI KAZAKH NATIONAL UNIVERSITY Zhanat Kundakbayeva THE HISTORY OF KAZAKHSTAN FROM EARLIEST PERIOD TO PRESENT TIME VOLUME I FROM EARLIEST PERIOD TO 1991 Almaty "Кazakh University" 2016 ББК 63.2 (3) К 88 Recommended for publication by Academic Council of the al-Faraby Kazakh National University’s History, Ethnology and Archeology Faculty and the decision of the Editorial-Publishing Council R e v i e w e r s: doctor of historical sciences, professor G.Habizhanova, doctor of historical sciences, B. Zhanguttin, doctor of historical sciences, professor K. Alimgazinov Kundakbayeva Zh. K 88 The History of Kazakhstan from the Earliest Period to Present time. Volume I: from Earliest period to 1991. Textbook. – Almaty: "Кazakh University", 2016. - &&&& p. ISBN 978-601-247-347-6 In first volume of the History of Kazakhstan for the students of non-historical specialties has been provided extensive materials on the history of present-day territory of Kazakhstan from the earliest period to 1991. Here found their reflection both recent developments on Kazakhstan history studies, primary sources evidences, teaching materials, control questions that help students understand better the course. Many of the disputable issues of the times are given in the historiographical view. The textbook is designed for students, teachers, undergraduates, and all, who are interested in the history of the Kazakhstan. ББК 63.3(5Каз)я72 ISBN 978-601-247-347-6 © Kundakbayeva Zhanat, 2016 © al-Faraby KazNU, 2016 INTRODUCTION Данное учебное пособие is intended to be a generally understandable and clearly organized outline of historical processes taken place on the present day territory of Kazakhstan since pre-historic time. -
Rewriting the Nation in Modern Kazakh Literature
Rewriting the Nation in Modern Kazakh Literature Elites and Narratives Diana T. Kudaibergenova LEXINGTON BOOKS Lanham • Boulder • New York • London In the living memory of Gerold Karlovich Belger and my grandma Ibragimova Ruqiya Khasanovna I dedicate this book to the two greatest teachers I was blessed to have in my life, to the living memory of literary genius Gerold Belger, and to my beloved grandmother Ruqiya. They both inspired me in many ways to search, learn and write about literature and culture. This book was in- spired by Gera-aga and his great Knowledge about Kazakh Culture. To my grandma I owe my curiosity, numerous languages, longest talks on “identity” and my true “Central Eurasianism” from Kashgar to Fergana Valley to Jetysu. Contents Acknowledgments ix Preface xv Introduction xix Note on Transliteration and Translations xxxiii 1 National Survival, Alash, and Modern Kazakh Literary Debates 1 2 Self-Orientalization and Re-writing of the Narrative 21 3 The Formation of Soviet Kazakh Literary Canon 37 4 Mukhtar Auezov’s Abai Zholy and the Encyclopedia of the Kazakh Nation 59 5 Koshpendiler and the Re-Discovery of the Past: Canonizing Nomadism 83 6 Magauin’s Cultural Archaeology in Kazakhstan’s National History and Literature 103 7 Internationalism, Post-Colonialism, and Kazakh Soviet Literature in the 1960s and 1980s: Anuar Alimzhanov, Satimzhan Sanbayev, and Murat Auezov 127 8 Olzhas Suleimenov and the Un-Bounded Imagination of the Past 153 9 The December 1986 Events and the National Imagination in the Post-Independence Era 179 10 Timeless and Post-National: Gerold Belger’s Narration on Kazakhstan 197 Conclusion 215 Contents Bibliography 223 About the Author 233 Introduction Our [Kazakh] culture today is going through a renaissance, but in many re- spects also a birth. -
Information to Users
INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6” x 9* black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contaci UMI directly to order. Beil & Howell Information and Learning 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 USA 800-521-0600 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with with permission permission of the of copyright the copyright owner. owner.Further reproductionFurther reproduction prohibited without prohibited permission. -
Wetland Distribution Trends in Central Asia Nora Tesch 1*, Niels Thevs 2
Central Asian Journal of Water Research (2020) 6(1): 39-65 © The Author(s) 2020 ISSN: 2522-9060 Wetland Distribution Trends in Central Asia Nora Tesch 1*, Niels Thevs 2 1 Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen 2 World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) Central Asia Programme *Corresponding author Email: [email protected] Received: 30 April 2019; Received in revised form: 11 March 2020; Accepted: 25 April 2020; Published online: May 1, 2020. doi: 10.29258/CAJWR/2020-R1.v6-1/39-65.eng Abstract Anthropogenic activities and climate change contribute to the deterioration of wetlands worldwide with Central Asia (CA) being among the regions which are most severely affected. This study examined how the distribution of wetlands in CA has changed in the last two decades. Emphasis was put on inland wetlands protected as International Bird and Biodiversity Areas. Time series of maps of wetlands (i.e. reed beds) were created for the years 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015 and 2018. A supervised classification approach was applied using NDVI of MODIS satellite images with 1000m resolution for the respective years. Ground control points were acquired through fieldtrips to the lower Chu River, upper Ili River and Ili River Delta in Kazakhstan and the Amu Darya River Delta and the Lower Amu Darya State Biosphere Reserve in Uzbekistan. The applied method is not applicable for the classification of wetlands in northern Kazakhstan. The vegetation there is too alike to the wetland vegetation in terms of values and seasonality of NDVI. For the remaining part of the study area, the applied method delivers satisfying results. -
Facade Democracy: Democratic Transition in Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan
University of Central Florida STARS Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019 2004 Facade Democracy: Democratic Transition In Kazakhstan And Uzbekistan Robin Nicole Merritt University of Central Florida Part of the Political Science Commons Find similar works at: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd University of Central Florida Libraries http://library.ucf.edu This Masters Thesis (Open Access) is brought to you for free and open access by STARS. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019 by an authorized administrator of STARS. For more information, please contact [email protected]. STARS Citation Merritt, Robin Nicole, "Facade Democracy: Democratic Transition In Kazakhstan And Uzbekistan" (2004). Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019. 143. https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd/143 FAÇADE DEMOCRACY: DEMOCRATIC TRANSITION IN KAZAKHSTAN AND UZBEKISTAN by ROBIN NICOLE MERRITT B.A. University of Central Florida, 1999 A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the Department of Political Science in the College of Arts and Sciences at the University of Central Florida Orlando, Florida Summer Term 2004 © 2004 Robin Nicole Merritt ii ABSTRACT This thesis explores the reasons behind the stagnation in the transition to democracy in Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan. According to their constitutions, Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan are democracies. In actuality, however, there is little evidence to support that these are democratic systems. These states’ post-Soviet constitutions outline them as democracies – yet they lack a free press; freedom of association is suppressed; religious freedom is limited; and free speech is constrained as well. While these two countries hold popular elections, much of their electoral processes are under the control of the executive branch of government - calling into question whether or not Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan really hold “fair and competitive” elections. -
Jilili Abuduwaili · Gulnura Issanova Galymzhan Saparov Hydrology and Limnology of Central Asia Water Resources Development and Management
Water Resources Development and Management Jilili Abuduwaili · Gulnura Issanova Galymzhan Saparov Hydrology and Limnology of Central Asia Water Resources Development and Management Series editors Asit K. Biswas, Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore Cecilia Tortajada, Institute of Water Policy, Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore Editorial Board Dogan Altinbilek, Ankara, Turkey Francisco González-Gómez, Granada, Spain Chennat Gopalakrishnan, Honolulu, USA James Horne, Canberra, Australia David J. Molden, Kathmandu, Nepal Olli Varis, Helsinki, Finland Hao Wang, Beijing, China [email protected] More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/7009 [email protected] Jilili Abuduwaili • Gulnura Issanova Galymzhan Saparov Hydrology and Limnology of Central Asia 123 [email protected] Jilili Abuduwaili and State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology Faculty of Geography and Environmental and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences Sciences Al-Farabi Kazakh National University Urumqi Almaty China Kazakhstan and and Research Centre of Ecology and Research Centre of Ecology and Environment of Central Asia (Almaty) Environment of Central Asia (Almaty) Almaty Almaty Kazakhstan Kazakhstan Gulnura Issanova Galymzhan Saparov State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Research Centre of Ecology and Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology Environment of Central Asia (Almaty) and Geography, Chinese Academy of U.U. Uspanov Kazakh Research Institute of Sciences Soil Science and Agrochemistry Urumqi Almaty China Kazakhstan ISSN 1614-810X ISSN 2198-316X (electronic) Water Resources Development and Management ISBN 978-981-13-0928-1 ISBN 978-981-13-0929-8 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0929-8 Library of Congress Control Number: 2018943710 © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. -
In the Name of Unity
The Equal Rights Trust is an independent internation- al organisation whose purpose is to combat discrimi- nation and promote equality as a fundamental human Equal Rights Trust right and a basic principle of social justice. The Kazakhstan International Bureau for Human Rights and Rule of Law is a non-governmental organi- sation which aims to protect political rights and civ- il freedoms and to develop democracy and rule of law in Kazakhstan and other countries. “Unity! Stability! Creativity!” This is the slogan of Nur Otan, the political party of Nursultan Nazarbayev, the Republic of Kazakhstan’s first and only president. ▪ This report, examining discrimination and inequality in Kazakhstan, finds Series: Kazakhstan Report Country that the unity promoted by Nazarbayev is narrow, excluding those whose religion, ethnicity or political opinion challenges his vision, and denying an equal role to women, persons with disabilities and other groups. - IN THE NAME ofA 2011the Kazakh law on language religion imposes– spoken onerous by only registration74% of the population requirements, – creates indi rectly discriminating against minority religious groups. The promotion OF UNITY - barriers for ethnic minorities in accessing public services, employment and education. The state discriminates on the basis of political opinion, detain ing its critics and limiting freedom of expression, assembly and association.- Addressing Discrimination The unified Kazakhstan promoted by the government also provides lit and Inequality in Kazakhstan tle space for other groups. Women are subject to discriminatory laws and are underrepresented in the workforce and public life. Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender persons are subject to discrimination by both state and non-state actors.