30 years monitoring and managing of Typha minima Hoppe at the Tyrolean Lech river – a key species of alpine rivers
Norbert Müller
University of Applied Sciences Erfurt - Dep. Landscape Management & Restoration Ecology
5th June 2018 - Forum alpinum 2018 – A- Reutte, Breitenwang
1 30 years monitoring and managing of Typha minima Hoppe at the Tyrolean Lech river – a key species of alpine rivers
1 Typha minima Hoppe - a key species of alpine rivers
2 Former and current distribution in the Alps
3 Managing the Lech population since 1988
4 Conservation status and -efforts in the Alps
5 Lessons
6 Literature
Acknowledgements
2 Cover Photo Toni Vorauer 1 Typha minima Hoppe - a key species of alpine rivers
Key species: • high indicator value on the quality of an ecosystem, • easy identifiable • highly endangered
3 1 Typha minima Hoppe - a key species of alpine rivers
Key species of alpine rivers
4 1 Typha minima Hoppe - a key species of alpine rivers
7240* Alpine Pioneer-formations with Caricion bicoloris-atrofuscae Veg. - Priority Habitat within the EU-Habitat-Directive
5 1 Typha minima Hoppe - a key species of alpine rivers
Areal of Typha minima Hoppe (from Müller 1991)
6 2 Former and current distribution in the Alps
from Prunier et al. 2010
7 2 Former and current distribution in the Alps
Lech - Schongau - Andreas Bresinsky 1958 Lech Schongau – Norbert Müller 1989
8 2 Former and current distribution in the Alps
Lech Unter-Pinswang Kieswerk 28.7.89
Rhine – estuary Bodensee (1989) – until today - largest population in Austria
9 2 Former and current distribution in the Alps
Giffre - Taninges, France 7.7.2011
Durance - Ebrum, France 06.2016
10 3 Managing Lech population – discovery 1989
Kieswerk U- Pinswang 7.1989
11 3 Managing Lech population – Kick off species action program
Kieswerk U- Pinswang 5.2003
12 3 Managing Lech population – species action program 2003
Aims
1. Protect and manage the last Typha minima Lech population
2. Reintroduction 3 populations with at least 2000 individuals each
Typha minima Hoppe (Müller 1990) 13 3 Managing Lech population – species action program 2003
Implementation
1. Inventory and risk assessment 2. Management of the 2 natural sub-populations 3. Ex-situ culture 4. Research population biology incl. genetics 5. In-situ culture gravel pit Unter-Pinswang 6. Reintroduction with cultivated plants (1 year) & seeds 7. Monitoring Natural Populationen 2003 9. Documentation and publication Reintroductions since 2003 10. Environmental education and public relations 14 3 Managing Lech population – species action program
Management of the 2 natural sub-populations
2003 Unterpinswang 2004 Deforestation 2008 15 2008 3 Managing Lech population – species action program 2003
Ex-situ culture
Research population biology
Gewächshaus der FH Erfurt (2017)
16 3 Managing Lech population – species action program
In-situ culture gravel pit Unter- Pinswang
17 6-Jahre alte In-situ Kultur im Kieswerk Unter Pinswang (2010))
18 3 Managing Lech population – species action program
15 12 Lech 17 Zürich 16 18 11 Rhein 10 8 9 Drau Glenner 13 Population biology & genetics 19 14 2021 Rhone Giffre 5 6 7
Dora Riparia 4 3
Durance 1 2
Genetische Gruppen innerhalb der untersuchten Rohrkolbenbestände, gegliedert in acht genetische Gruppen. Die Farben illustrieren in jedem Balken die entsprechende Zuordnungswahrscheinlichkeit für jedes Individuum eines Bestandes. Zahlen: Populationsnummern; 17: Kieswerk Unterpinswang; 18: Unterpinswanger Au.
19 3 Managing Lech population – species action program
15 12 Lech 17 Zürich 16 18 11 Rhein 10 8 9 Drau Glenner 13 Population biology & genetics 19 14 2021 Rhone Giffre 5 6 7
Dora Riparia 4 3
Durance 1 2
• Each river system own genetic group
• At rivers with small populations - clonality reproduction is dominating
• Small sub-populations reduced genetic diversity and reduced fittness
20 3 Managing Lech population
Reintroduction method with seeds cultivated plants
21 3 Managing Lech population – species action program
Monitoring subpopulations and permanent plots
1989 2003 2004 2005 2006 Tp 0 Ehemaliger 1. Kieswerk Unterpinswang Kiesteich 200 0 0 0 Tp 1 Alter Kiesteich 3900 280 300 250 Tp 2 a Umlaufgrab en 1600 50 290 920 Tp 3 - estimating shoot Auwald (spontane number Ausbreitung ) 0 30 180 450
Tp 5 unterhalb - counting Sohlrampe (spontane blossom cobs Ausbreitung seit 2008l) 00 0 0 1. Kieswerk Unterpinswang nat 5700 360 770 1620
1. Kieswerk Unterpinswang Tp 2 b In situ (Anpflanz. Insitu 2004 (114) 224 273 262 Tp 2 b In situ (Anpflanz. 2006 (180) 0 360 Tp 2 b In situ (Anpflanz. 2007 (60) Tp 4 Umlaufgraben (Ansaat 2004) 50 65 1. Kieswerk Unterpinswang Insitu 224 323 687
Tp 1 22 südl.Schnei 2. Unter-Pinswang Aue se 100 800 820 2000 Tp 2 nördl. 3 Managing Lech population – species action program
Monitoring sub-populations - summarized
23 Lech Tyrol near Weißenbach 2006
24 4 Conservation status and - efforts in the Alps
Foundation of the International Typha minima Group Bregenz - 07.07.2010
25 4 Conservation status and -efforts in the Alps
Natural and reintroduced populations of Typha minima the Alps (Müller 2016)
26 4 Conservation status and -efforts in the Alps
Evaluation of documented reintroduction projects in the Alps for Typha minima and Myricaria
27 5 Lessons
• Biology of Typha minima
• Reintroduction of key species
• River restoration
• Restoration ecology
28 5 Lessons for the reintroduction of key species
29 5 Lessons for the reintroduction of key species
Habitat quality – natureless, seize & connectivity -> metapopulation
Tiroler Lech Forchach Foto © Toni Vorauer
30 5 Lessons for the reintroduction of key species Reintroduction method – seeds, rhizomes (cuttings Myricaria) young plants?
31 5 Lessons for the reintroduction of key species
Reintroduction method – planting design
32 5 Lessons for the reintroduction of key species
• Origin, quality and quantity of plant material
Rhein (8) Rhein (11) Rheinmündung (12) Lech (17) Lech (18) Drau (20)
S B 2 B S G G G G D D D D D H L L H L A A A A A K K K K K
B S B 3 B G G G G G D D D D D Q 17 Q L L A A A A A K 7 K K K
5 B B 6 B G G G G G D 13 D D D E Q 4 L H A A A A A K C K K K
49 9 G G G G D D D D D Q 11 1 E L A A A A A C K K K K
12 10 15 G G G G G D D D D D 13 H Q Q H A A A A A K K K C
17 46 7 13 14 D 1 C D K K K K J Q A Q F Q A A A A A F F F F F
28 E 8 16 50 A D C 2 L K L K 6 Q Q M Q A A A A A E F F F F
42 G E G 38 C D H E C C 5 Q 15 C Q Q A A A A A F 6 F F F
37 39 L F 45 B D D D A K K K J K Q 9 F H B A A A A A F F F F 5
29 L F L J B D H B 4 K E K K K Q E H Q C A A A A A F E 4 F F
N N M F F F F F A B B 4 B A M D 3 A A A A A F F F F F
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N K P N 23 F F F F F F 11 G B B 7 R 8 N 5 A A A A A F F F F F
30 K N 26 2 F F F F H B A G 12 B K 2 10 J A A A A A F F F F F
P M 40 M P F F F F F I I A F A B 14 D H P A A A A A F F F F F
44 31 18 32 O F F F F F D D D D 8 I I D R G A A A A A F F F F
25 I 43 R F F F F F D D D D D O I A A A A A F F F F F
R 20 R 33 O F F F F F D D D D D P D O G A A A A A F F F F F
19 35 34 Q I F F F F F D 1 D D D D N N A P A A A A A F F F F
H 36 R H Q F F F F F D D D D D P P G 16 P A A A A A F F F F F
K 24 K 41 F F F F F D D D D D A A A A A G G B 2 J
D 48 22 27 K F F F F F H D D D D A A A A A J H B D J 33 5 Lessons for the reintroduction of key species Origin, quality and quantity of plant material at least 100 young plants each gravel bar
34 5 Lessons for the reintroduction of key species
Frequence of reintroduction (vgl. Goidefroid et al 2010)
35 5 Lessons for river restoration
Implementation of the EU Habitat and Water Directive
1924 1992 2025 ??
36 5 Lessons for river restoration
Central question of river restoration – can we reach the goal?
Minimum viable population seize??? Minimum seize of dynamic floodplains ??? Minimum habitat seize for key species ???
37 5 Lessons for river restoration
Lech – 2 Life projects Drau - 2 Life projects
38 6 Literature
• Baur P A, Egger G, Lautsch E & Schmidtlein S (2015) Ökologie und Entwicklung des Zwerg- Rohrkolbens (Typha minima Funk ex Hoppe): Die Wiederansiedlung im Europaschutzgebiet Obere Drau (Österreich). Tuexenia 37: 163-177. • Csencsics D & Müller N (2015) Die Bedeutung der genetischen Vielfalt bei Wiederansiedelungsprojekten - Untersuchungen am Zwerg-Rohrkolben (Typha minima) im Naturpark Tiroler Lech. ANLiegen Natur 37: 9-15. • Goidefroid S et al. (2011) How successful are plant species reintroductions? Biological Conservation 144: 672-682. • Harzer R, Müller N, Reich M & Kollmann J (2018) Potentialstudie zur Wiederansiedlung von Wildflussarten. Im Auftrag des WWF Deutschland, Berlin 58 S und Anhang online https://www.alpenflusslandschaften.de/files/downloads • Müller N (1991) Verbreitung, Vergesellschaftung und Rückgang des Zwergrohrkolbens (Typha minima Hoppe). - Hoppea 50: 323-341. • Müller N (1995) Wandel von Flora und Vegetation nordalpiner Wildflußlandschaften unter dem Einfluß des Menschen. Ber. ANL 19: 125-187. • Müller N (2007) Zur Wiederansiedelung des Zwergrohrkolbens (Typha minima Hoppe) in den Alpen - eine Zielart alpiner Flusslandschaften. Natur in Tirol, Bd. 13: 180-193. 39 Acknowledgements
2007 2013
2015 2014 40