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Final Report FINAL REPORT Evaluation of UNICEF, UNFPA, UNDP project “Promoting Kyrgyzstan’s youth cohesion and interaction towards Uzbekistan” (2019-2020) UNFPA/Kyrgyzstan © Final report March 2021 The purpose of publishing evaluation reports produced by the UNICEF is to fulfil a corporate commitment to transparency through the publication of all completed evaluations. The reports are designed to stimulate a free exchange of ideas among those interested in the topic and to assure those supporting the work of UNICEF that it rigorously examines its strategies, results, and overall effectiveness. The contents of the report do not necessarily reflect the policies or views of UNICEF. The text has not been edited to official publication standards and UNICEF accepts no responsibility for error. The designations in this publication do not imply an opinion on the legal status of any country or territory, or of its authorities, or the delimitation of frontiers. The copyright for this report is held by the United Nations Children’s Fund. Attribution: Please cite the work as follows: UNICEF (2021) “Evaluation of UNICEF / UNFPA / UNDP project ‘Promoting Kyrgyzstan’s youth cohesion and interaction towards Uzbekistan’ (2019-2020)”. For further information, please contact: United Nations Children’s Fund Chui Avenue 160, 720040 Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan [email protected] PROMOTING KYRGYZSTAN’S YOUTH COHESION AND INTERACTION TOWARDS UZBEKISTAN CONTENTS CONTENTS 3 TABLES AND FIGURES 4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 5 ACRONYMS 6 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 7 1. INTRODUCTION 13 2. BACKGROUND 16 2.1 Context and Conflict Analysis 16 2.2 The Youth-Promotion Initiative Project in Support of Peacebuilding on the Kyrgyz-Uzbek Border 18 2.3 Theory of Change 20 2.4 Stakeholders 24 3. EVALUATION PURPOSE, OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE 25 3.1 Purpose and Use of the Evaluation 26 3.2 Objectives of Evaluation 26 3.3 Scope of the Evaluation 27 4. EVALUATION METHODOLOGY 28 4.1 Evaluation Criteria 29 4.2 Methods for Data Collection, Analysis, and Sampling 31 4.3 Ethical Issues and Considerations 35 5. EVALUATION FINDINGS 38 5.1 Relevance and Coherence 39 5.2 Effectiveness 55 5.3 Efficiency 71 5.4 Impact 79 5.5 Sustainability 86 PROMOTING KYRGYZSTAN’S YOUTH COHESION AND INTERACTION TOWARDS UZBEKISTAN 3 6. EVALUATION CONCLUSIONS & LESSONS LEARNED 92 6.1 Conclusions 93 6.2 Lessons Learned 95 7. RECOMMENDATIONS 97 8. REFERENCES 105 9. ANNEXES 109 ANNEX 1: Evaluation Matrix 109 ANNEX 2: Stakeholder Analysis 115 ANNEX 3: Social Media Analysis 122 ANNEX 4: Sampling 124 ANNEX 5: List of Interviewee categories 125 ANNEX 6: Inception Report 126 ANNEX 7: List of Project Documents 127 ANNEX 8: Information about the Evaluators 137 TABLES AND FIGURES Figure 1: Visual reconstruction of the theory of change 21 Table 1: Observance of the UNEG ethical standards by the evaluation team 35 4 EVALUATION OF THE UNICEF / UNFPA / UNDP PROJECT PROMOTING KYRGYZSTAN’S YOUTH COHESION AND INTERACTION TOWARDS UZBEKISTAN ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This report was written by Camille Massey (team leader), Gulnara Asilbekova and Aiganysh Isaeva. The authors would like to thank UNICEF, UNDP and UNFPA in Kyrgyzstan, both management and programme team, as well as Mr. Ozonnia Ojielo, United Nations Resident Coordinator in Kyrgyzstan, for their guidance, support and contribution to this evaluation.The evaluation team extends its heartfelt thanks to Tolgonai Berdikeyeva for her contributions and for the coordination of the evaluation process. The authors would further like to thank the State Agency for Youth and Sports of Kyrgyzstan, the Municipalities of Kashkar-Kyshtak, Aidarken, Kok-Serek and Kerben, and the implementing partners of the project, for their assistance in the evaluation, as well as all those who participated in interviews and focus groups. Special gratitude goes to the members of the evaluation’s reference group: Mirlan Parkhanov, Ulan Shabynov, Aigul Mambetakunova, Christine Jaulmes, Tolgonai Berdikeyeva, Gulnara Zhenishbekova, Erkina Urazbaeva, Artur Bukalaev, NargizaTashtemirova, Azamat Baialinov, Sanzhar Alimzhanov, Akmaral Satinbaeva, Beksultan Rustamov, Nargiza Jenisheva and Zhanyshbek kyzy Takhmina, who accompanied the entire process of evaluation. PROMOTING KYRGYZSTAN’S YOUTH COHESION AND INTERACTION TOWARDS UZBEKISTAN 5 ACRONYMS CRM Child Rights Monitoring CSO Civil Society Organisation ERG Evaluation Reference Group EQ Evaluation question EU European Union GoK Government of Kyrgyzstan HIS Human interest stories IP Implementing Partner JSC Joint Steering Committee KII Key Informant Interview KR Kyrgyz Republic LIA Leadership and Innovation Academy LSG Local Self-Government MDG United Nations Millennium Development Goals MoF Ministry of Finance MoJ Ministry of Justice MOU Memorandum of Understanding NGO Non-Governmental Organisation NHRI National Human Rights Institution PBF UN Peacebuilding Fund PBSO United Nations Peacebuilding Support Office PDA Peace and Development Advisor (UNDP) PPP UN Peacebuilding Priority Plans 2017-2020 (or 2013-2016 if specified) PSG Project Steering Group PVE Prevention of violent extremism RUNOs Recipient UN Organizations SDGs Sustainable Development Goals SMEs Small and medium-sized enterprises ToC Theory of Change ToR Terms of Reference UN United Nations UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNFPA United Nations Population Fund UNICEF United Nations Children’s Fund UNICEF ECARO United Nations Children’s Fund, Europe and Central Asia Regional Office YoO Association “Youth of Osh” YPI Youth Promotion Initiative 6 EVALUATION OF THE UNICEF / UNFPA / UNDP PROJECT PROMOTING KYRGYZSTAN’S YOUTH COHESION AND INTERACTION TOWARDS UZBEKISTAN EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report presents the evaluation of the project “Promoting Kyrgyzstan’s Youth Cohesion and Interaction towards Uzbekistan”. The report outlines the evaluation’s background and approach, its findings, conclusions, lessons learned and recommendations. The evaluation was conducted from October 2020 to March 2021. OVERVIEW OF INTERVENTION The fertile Ferghana valley, now split between Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan, has long crystallized tensions over access to, and share of, natural resources. After the fall of the Soviet Union, the unresolved border delineation has plagued inter-State relations. The areas of Kyrgyzstan which border with Uzbekistan feature communities of varied cultural background, which rely on resources that are spread across disputed borders. They are economically deprived, remote from the country’s capital, and marred by unemployment and labour migration. In these areas, cross-border and domestic conflicts among communities have erupted regularly since the 1990s. The United Nations Country Office in Kyrgyzstan and the United Nations Peacebuilding Support Office have conducted conflict analysis, materialized in the Peacebuilding Priority Plans 2013-2016 and 2017-2020. This analysis acknowledges the importance of social cohesion, economic opportunities, civic participation, and the inclusion of all categories especially the youth, towards sustainable peacebuilding in these regions. The analysis further highlights the mutually reinforcing role of inter-State relations on the one hand, and interactions among people on the other hand. The project “Promoting Kyrgyzstan’s Youth Cohesion and Interaction towards Uzbekistan” echoed this analysis and aimed to support social cohesion in the border areas of Kyrgyzstan, and beyond, nationally.To this end, the project built on the NationalYouth Agency’s strategic documents, the existing national strategic documents for rapprochement with Uzbekistan, and a favourable diplomatic context, to foster positive interaction of Kyrgyz youth, their communities and relevant public authorities, both within multi-cultural communities in the country, and towards their counterparts in Uzbekistan. This was done through outputs: 1. Young people have improved critical/design thinking and demonstrate support for diversity and equal rights by initiating projects that contribute to the implementation of plans for local development and positive cooperation of youth between Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan. 2. Parents of young people, community members improve their understanding of diversity, have enhanced knowledge and tools to support and participate in youth-led initiatives. 3. Government representatives have strengthened capacity to provide services in cross-border communities and commit to support youth-driven initiatives aiming at improving the cross-border cooperation. The project was implemented jointly by UNICEF, UNFPA and UNDP in Kyrgyzstan, from January 2019 to November 2020 for a total budget of 1.5 million USD. The Peacebuilding Fund financed this entire budget, as the project was closely based on the conflict analysis conducted by the United Nations Country Office and the Peacebuilding Fund and corresponded to the Fund’s guidance and Peacebuilding Priorities. PROMOTING KYRGYZSTAN’S YOUTH COHESION AND INTERACTION TOWARDS UZBEKISTAN 7 The project consisted of a series of small-scale local initiatives mobilizing tried and tested youth empowerment tools such as the UPSHIFT and LIA programmes, focused respectively on youth participation and on youth leadership through capacity building, mentoring and engagement; legal aid initiatives involving youth in local communities; mini-grants supporting local projects led by the youth; support to access to local services including one-stop-shop in local administration; capacity building for a variety of duty bearers in the border areas; and a series of cross-border events
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