Volume 2012 Article 10
2012
The Pickett Switch Site (34PN1) and the Presence of Arkansas River Basin Caddoans in East Central Oklahoma
Robert L. Brooks Unknown
Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/ita
Part of the American Material Culture Commons, Archaeological Anthropology Commons, Environmental Studies Commons, Other American Studies Commons, Other Arts and Humanities Commons, Other History of Art, Architecture, and Archaeology Commons, and the United States History Commons Tell us how this article helped you.
Cite this Record Brooks, Robert L. (2012) "The Pickett Switch Site (34PN1) and the Presence of Arkansas River Basin Caddoans in East Central Oklahoma," Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State: Vol. 2012, Article 10. https://doi.org/10.21112/.ita.2012.1.10 ISSN: 2475-9333 Available at: https://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/ita/vol2012/iss1/10
This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Center for Regional Heritage Research at SFA ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State by an authorized editor of SFA ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Pickett Switch Site (34PN1) and the Presence of Arkansas River Basin Caddoans in East Central Oklahoma
Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
This article is available in Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State: https://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/ita/vol2012/iss1/10 čĊĎĈĐĊęęĜĎęĈčĎęĊȋ͵ͶͳȌĆēĉęčĊėĊĘĊēĈĊĔċ ėĐĆēĘĆĘĎěĊėĆĘĎēĆĉĉĔĆēĘ ĎēĆĘęĊēęėĆđĐđĆčĔĒĆ
Robert L. Brooks
Ǥ ǡ ǡǤ ͳͻ͵ͲǦͳͻ͵ͶǤ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ϐ Ǥ
ȋʹͲͳͲȌ ȋ͵ͶͳȌǡ Ǥ ͳͻʹͲ ͳͻͶǤ ͳͻʹ ǡ ȋ Ȍǡ Ǥ ͳͻͶ ϐ Ǧ ȋͳͻͺͻȌǤ ǡȋǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ȍ ǡ ȋʹͲͲʹȌǤ ǡ ǡͳͲ Ǥ ϐ Ǥ ȋʹͲͳͲȌǤ
Ǥϐ ȋʹͲͳͳȌǤ Ǥ Ǣ
ĆĉĉĔėĈčĊĔđĔČĞ ĔĚėēĆđȈ ǤͶǯ ͵Ǥʹ Ǥ Ǥ ͳͻ͵ͲDzdzǤ ȋ͵ͶͳȌ Ǥǯ Ǥ ǯǤ ȋȌ ͳͻͷͲǤ
ǤǤǦ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ
Ǥ
Ǥ ͳͻ͵Ͳ Ǥ Ǥ Ǧ ϐȋEulimnadia antleiǢ ͳͻͶͲȌǤ ͳͻ͵ͻǦͳͻͶͲǤ Ǧ ͳͻ͵Ͳ ͳͻͶʹǤ ͳͻ͵Ͳȋ͵Ͷͳǡ Ȍ ͳͻ͵ʹȋͳͻ͵͵ȌǤ Ǥ ͳͻ͵͵ Ǥ ǡǤ ǡͳͻ͵Ͷ ǡ ȋͳͻ͵ͶǦȌǤ ͳͻ͵ͷǡǤ ȋͳͻ͵ͷȌǤ ǡ ϐǤͳͻ͵ͷǡ ǡ ȋͳͻ͵ͷǡͳͻͶʹȌǤͳͻ͵Ͳ ǡ ȋͳͻ͵Ȍǡ ȋͳͻ͵ȌǡȋͳͻͶʹȌǤ ǡ ȋͳͻͶͲȌ ȋͳͻ͵ǡͳͻ͵ͺȌǤ ǡ ȋͳͻͶʹ ȌǤ Ǥ
ͳͻͶʹ Ǥ ǡ ͳͻͷǤ Ǥ
ͺȈǡͶͷ
ȋ͵ͶͳȌǡ ǤǤǡ Ǥ Ǥ ͳͻ͵ͶͳͻͷͲǤ ǡǡ Ǥ
ϐ ͳͻͲͶ ǡ ȋǡƬ ȌǤ ǡ Ǥ Ǥǡ Ǥ ȋǤǤȌǤ Ǥ
ǯͳͻͷǡǤ Ǥ ϐͳͻʹͳǤǯȋͳͻ͵ͶȌ Tulsa World Dzdz Ǥ El PalacioͳͲȋͳͻ͵͵ȌǤ ͳͻ͵Ͳ ͳͻ͵ʹǤ ͳͲ ȋͳͻ͵ͶǣͶͶͶȌǤ ǡǡ ǡ ǡǤ ȋͳͻ͵͵ȌǤ ͳͻ͵͵ǡͳͻ͵Ͷǡ Ǥ ͳͲ El Palacio Ǥ Ǧ ϐǤ Ǥ Ǥ Tulsa Worldǡ͵ͲǤ
Dz dz ǡ ǡǡ ǡȋ Ȍǡ ǡ ǡϐ ȋͳͻ͵ͶȌǤ Ǥ ϐ Ǥ Ǧ ǤChronicles of Oklahoma ȋ ͳȌǤ ǡ Ǥ ȋͳͻ͵Ͷͳͻ͵ͶȌ Ǥ
ͳͻͶ DzdzǤ ͳͻͶ Ǥǯ ȋͳͻ͵Ȍ Ǥ ϐ ͳͲͲ Ǥ ͵Ͳ ǯͳͻ͵ͲǤ
ĆĉĉĔėĈčĊĔđĔČĞ ĔĚėēĆđȈͻ Ǥ ǯ ͵ͷ Ǥ Chronicles of Oklahoma DzdzǢǦǡǡǦǢ Ǧ ȋ ʹȌǤ Ǥ Ǥǡ Ǥ
ͳǤȀ ʹǤǯ ǯͳͻ͵Ͷ ǡǯ Chronicles of Oklahoma. ͳͻ͵Ͷ Ǥ
ǯǡ ͳͻͷͲǤ ͳͻͷ ͳͻͷǡǤǤ ǡ ȋ ͳͻͷǡͳͻͷȌǤǡǡ ǯ Ǥǡ Ǥ ǡ ǯǤ ȋͳͻͷǣͶȌ Ǥ ϐǤ ϐ ͵Ͳ ǡ Ǥ ǡǡǡǡǡ Ǥ ǯͳͻͷǡ Ǥ ǡ
80 ȈǡͶͷ ȋ ͳͻͷȌǤ ȋͳͻͷȌ ǯǡ Ǥ Ǥ ǯ ǯ Ǥ ǡ ȋ ϐ ǤȌǤ Ǥ ǡͺǦǦȋ ͵ȌǤ ǡϐ Ǥ ǦǦǤ ʹͺ Ǥ
͵Ǥ ǡͳͻͷǦͳͻͷ Ǥ
ĆĉĉĔėĈčĊĔđĔČĞ ĔĚėēĆđȈͺͳ ǡǯ ͳͻͷǤ ǡ Ǥ ϐͳͻ͵ͶǤ ǯ ͳͻͷȀͳͻͷǤ ǯǤ
ͳͻͺʹǦ ȋͳͻͺʹȌǤ Ǥǡ Ǥ
ȋ͵ͶͳȌǤ ϐ ȋ ͶȌǤǡ Ǥ ͳͲͲ ǡ ǡ Ǥǡ Ǥ Ǥ
ͶǤ Ǥ
82 ȈǡͶͷ ȋ ʹͲͲȌǤǡ ͵Ͳ ǡǡ ǡǦ ȋͳͻ͵ͶǢͳͻͻȌǤ ǦȋǤʹͲͲͷȌǤǡǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡǡ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ ϐǤ ǡǦǡǡǡ ǡǡ ǡǡ ǡǡ Ǧ ǡǤ ǡǡǡȋ ȌǤ ϐǦ Ǥϐ ǡ ǡǡ ϐ ϐǡǡϐǤ Ǧ ǡǦǡǦ Ǥ
ǯ Ǥ ȀͲ Ǥǯ Ǥ ǡǯ Ǥ ǯ ȋ ȌǤǤ Ǥ ͳͻͷǤ ǯͳͻ͵ͲȀͳͻ͵Ͷ Ǥ Ǥ ǡȀ Ǥ ǯȀͲ Ǥ ǡ Ȁ Ǥ Ǥǡ ǯǤ ǡǡ ǡǡ ȋ ȌǤȀͲ Ȁ ǡ ϐ Ǥ
͵Ͷ͵ ǯ ǡ ȋ ͷȌǤǦǡ Ǧϐǡ Ǥ Ǥ ʹͷͷ Ǧ ǡ Ǧ ȋ Ȍǡ ǦȋͳȌǡǦȋʹʹȌǤ ǦͳͲ ǦǦǤͳͷ ϐ ǤϐǡǡǤ Ǧ ȋ ȌǤͳͶǡͳ͵ Ǧ ǦǤǦ ǦǡϐǦ
ĆĉĉĔėĈčĊĔđĔČĞ ĔĚėēĆđȈͺ͵ ǡǦǤ ǦǦǤ ʹͳ ǤǦ ͳͷǦǡ ǦǡǦǤ ǦǦǤ ȀǦǤȋȌ ϐǤ ȀϐǤǦ ȋ ͺȌǤǦ ǦǤǦȋ ͺȌ ȋ ͻȌǤǤ ǡ Ǥ ǦǦǡ ǡǦ ǡ Ǧ ȋ ͳͲȌǤ ǯ Ǥ ǡϐ Ǥ
ͷǤ Ǥ
Ǥ Ǥ
84 ȈǡͶͷ Ǥ ǡ͵ͶͳǡǡϐǤ
ͺǤ Ǥ
ĆĉĉĔėĈčĊĔđĔČĞ ĔĚėēĆđȈͺͷ ͻǤǦ Ǥ
ͳͲǤ Ǥ Ǥ
ǯ Ȁ Ǧ Ǥ ǣ ǡǡ Ǥ ϐǡ Ǧ ȋ ͳͳȌǤȋ ͳͳȌǤ Ǥ ȋ ͳʹȌǤ ϐ ȋ ͳ͵ȌǤǯ Ǥ Ǥ
86 ȈǡͶͷ ͳͳǤ ǯ Ǥ
ͳʹǤǤ
ĆĉĉĔėĈčĊĔđĔČĞ ĔĚėēĆđȈͺ
ͳ͵Ǥ ȋȌǤ
ͳʹͶ Ȁ Ǥǡǯ Ǥ ϐ Ǥǡ Ǥ Ǥ ϐ ǯȋͳͻͷȌ Ǧ ǯͳͻͷǦ ͳͻͷǤϐǦ Ǧ Ǥ ǡ Ǧ ǯ Ǥ Ǧ ǡ ǡȋ ȌǤǦ ϐ Ǥǡ Ǧ Ǥ Ǧ Ǥ ͵ͻ ǡ ȋ ȌǤ ͳͲ Ǥ ǡ ȋ ͳͶǢͳͻͻȌǤ ȋ ͳͷȌǤ ǣ ȋ ͳȌǤ ǦǦǤ ͷ͵ϐǡ ǡ ǡǡϐ Ǥ
88 ȈǡͶͷ ͳͶǤ Ǥ
ĆĉĉĔėĈčĊĔđĔČĞ ĔĚėēĆđȈͺͻ ͳͷǤ Ǥ
ͻͲȈǡͶͷ ͳǤǦ Ǥ Ǥ
ȋͳ͵Ȍ Ǧ Ǥ Ǧ Ǥ Ǥͳͷ ȋȌ Ǥ Ǥ ȋ ͳȌǤ ϐ Ǥ Ȁ ǤǦ Ǥ Ǥ ǦǤ ǦǦ ǡ Ǥ
ĆĉĉĔėĈčĊĔđĔČĞ ĔĚėēĆđȈͻͳ ͳǤ ǯ ͵ͶͳǤ
ǯ Ǥ ǤϐȋǦʹͻͻʹʹȌ ͶͲͲά͵Ͳͳ͵ȀͳʹǦͻǤʹȀǤǦ ǤǤͳʹͺͲǤǤͳ͵ʹͲǤ ȋǦʹͻͻʹ͵Ȍ ͵ͻͲά͵Ͳͳ͵ȀͳʹǦͺǤͷȀǤǦ ǤǤͳʹͺͲǦǤǤͳ͵ʹͲǤ Ȅ Ǥ ȋ ǤǤͳʹͲͲȌǤ
ǡ ȋʹͲͳͳȌǤ ǡ Ǥ ͵ǤʹǤ ǯ ϐ Ǥ Ǥ ǯ ϐ ǡ ȋ͵ͶͶǢͳͻͷȌ ȋ͵ͶͳǢʹͲͳͲȌǤ ǡ Ǥ
ͻʹȈǡͶͷ
Ǥ Ǥ ǯ Ǥ ǯȋͳͻ͵ͶȌChronicles of Oklahoma Ǥ ǡǡǤ ǡǡ ϐǡǦ Ǥ ϐ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǡȀ ǡǦǤ ǡǡ Ȁ ǡ Ǥ
ǡ ǯ Ǥ ǤDzdz Ǥ Ǥ ϐ Chronicles Ǥ
ǡǤ Ǣ Ǥ Ǧ ǡ Ǥ Ǥǡ ǡ Ǥǡ ȋͳͻͺȌǤ
ǡ Ǥ Ǥ͵ͲȋͻȌ ȋ ȌǤǡ Ǥ Ǥǡ Ǥǡ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ
ĆĉĉĔėĈčĊĔđĔČĞ ĔĚėēĆđȈͻ͵ ǫ Ȁ ȋʹͲͳͲȌǤ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǡǡ Ǥ Ǥ ȋͳͻͷȌǤ ǦȋʹͲͳͲȌǤ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ
ǡ ǯ Ǥ Ǥ
ǡ ǤǤ ǤǤ Ǥ ǡ ȋ ʹǡ ͳ͵Ȍǡ ǡ Ǥ ͳͻ͵͵ ǤEl Palacio ȋ͵ǦͶȌǣͳǦʹ͵Ǥ ͳͻ͵Ͷ ǣ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǤTulsa World ͵ǡͳͻ͵ͶǤ ͳͻ͵Ͷ ǤChronicles of Oklahoma ͳʹǣͶͶͶǦͶͶǤ ͳͻ͵ͷ ǤChronicles of Oklahoma ͳ͵ǣͳͻͳǦͳͻͷǤ ͳͻ͵ͷ ǤChronicles of Oklahoma ͳ͵ǣ͵ͳ͵Ǧ͵ͳͷǤ ͳͻ͵ ǤChronicles of Oklahoma ͳͶǣ͵Ͷ͵Ǧ͵ͶͺǤ ͳͻ͵ Ǥ ͳǤ ͳͻ͵ͺ ǤAmerican Antiquity Ͷǣ͵ͶͻǦ͵ͷͲǤ ͳͻͶͲ ǤAmerican Antiquity ǣͳǤ ͳͻͶʹ ǤAmerican Antiquity ǣͶͲͲǦͶͲ͵Ǥ ͳͻͶʹ ǤChronicles of Oklahoma ʹͲǣʹͷͷǦʹͷǤ ͳͻͶʹ ǡ ǤSociety for American Archaeology Notebook ʹǣͷͲǦͷͳǤ
ǡǤ ͳͻͺ The Arthur Site: Settlement and Subsistence Structure at a Washita River Phase Village. ǡǯͳͷǡǤǤ ʹͲͲʹ ǡǤͲ ǡ ǡǤ ʹͲͳͲ ǤCaddo Archeology Journal ʹͲǣ͵ͳǦͷʹǤ ʹͲͳͳ ǡ ǡǤCaddo Archeology Journal ʹͳǣͳ͵ǦͳǤ
ͻͶȈǡͶͷ ȋ ǤȌ
ǡǤ Ǥ ʹͲͳͲ Ǥ Oklahoma Anthropological Society, Bulletin ǣʹͷǦͶǤ
ǡ Ǥ ͳͻͻ The Spiro Ceremonial Center: The Archaeology of Arkansas Valley Caddoan Culture in Eastern Oklahoma. ǡ ǡǤʹͻǡǤ
ǡ Ǥ ͳͻͷ ǤBulletin of the Oklahoma Anthropological Society ͷǣͳͲͳǦͳͲǤ
ǡǤ ͳͻͺʹ ǣ Ǥ ϐǡ ǡǡǤ
ǡ ǤǤ ͳͻͻ Ǧ ǡ Ǧ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ ͻǦ͵ͲǤǣǣǤǤǤȀȀǤ
ǡ ǤǤ ͳͻ͵ ǤChronicles of Oklahoma ͳͶǣͷ͵ǦǤ
ǡ ʹͲͲ Ǥ Historical Atlas of Oklahomaǡ ǡǤͶǦͷǡǡǡǤ
ǡ ͳͻ͵Ͷ Geological Map of Oklahoma. ǡǡǤ
ǡǤ ͳͻͺͻ Ǥ From Clovis to Comanchero: Archaeological Overview of the Southern Great Plainsǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǡǤǡ Ǥ ǡǤǡ ǤǤ ǡ Ǥ͵ͷǤ
ǡ Ǥ ͳͻͷ Ǧ ǤNewsletter, Oklahoma Anthropological Society ȋͷȌǣͷǤ ͳͻͷ ǤNewsletter, Oklahoma Anthropological Society ȋȌǣͶǦͷǤ ͳͻͷ ǡǦͶǤBulletin of the Oklahoma Anthropological Society ͷǣͻ͵ǦͳͲͲǤ
ǡǤ ǤǢ ǤǤǡǤǤǡ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ ǤǤ ǡǤǤ ǡǤǤǡǤǤ ʹͲͲͷ Ecoregions of Oklahoma.ǤǤ ǡǡǤ
ĆĉĉĔėĈčĊĔđĔČĞ ĔĚėēĆđȈͻͷ