Municipal Ecological Solid Waste Management Plan
Municipality of Catarman Camiguin Province
2018-2027
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Republic of the Philippines Province of Camiguin MUNICIPALITY OF CATARMAN
OFFICE OF THE MUNICIPAL MAYOR
MESSAGE
The Municipality of Catarman has gone a long way since the day of its founding. From a municipality covered with ashes and filled with ruins to what we have now as one of the tourist destinations not only in the Philippines but worldwide.
Despite tourism’s economic advantages, it is also coupled with challenges that we have to overcome for us to achieve progress. Coupled with the increase in each of the municipality’s population, one of the primary concerns of the Municipal Government is on Solid Waste Management. Thus, this Ten (10) Year Solid Waste Management Plan will be our guide to serve the bigger objective for the good of Catarman as a whole.
The Ten (10) Year Solid Waste Management Plan presents a strategy for integrating proper management of our wastes and make it as our way of life. This is a challenge for all of us to work, and put our acts together so that our Municipality will contribute and succeed in preserving our municipality and the island province as well as attaining in reducing the risks that we do to our nature for the future generations to come.
NESTOR A. JACOT Mayor
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Purpose 1.2 Approach 1.3 Acknowledgements
2. MUNICIPAL PROFILE 2.1 Location 2.1.1 Land Area 2.2 History 2.3 Population 2.4 Economic Profile 2.4.1 Major Livelihood Sources 2.4.2 Road Infrastructure 2.5 Physical Characteristics 2.5.1 Climate and Vegetation 2.5.2 Soil 2.5.3 Hydrology
3. CURRENT SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT CONDITIONS 3.1 Institutional Arrangements 3.2 Inventory of Staff and Equipment 3.3 Source Reduction 3.4 Collection 3.5 Transfer 3.6 Processing Facilities 3.7 Final Disposal 3.8 Special Wastes 3.9 Markets for Recyclables 3.10 IEC 3.11 Costs and Revenues 3.12 Key Issues
4. WASTE CHARACTERISTICS 4.1 Disposed Waste 4.2 Diverted Waste
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4.3 Generated Waste
5. LEGAL / INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK 5.1 Local Laws and Regulations 5.2 Roles 5.3 Mun. Solid Waste Management Board 5.4 Barangay Solid Waste Management Council 5.5 Stakeholder’s Participation
6. PLAN STRATEGY 6.1 Vision 6.2 Targets 6.3 Strategies
7. SWM SYSTEM 7.1 Source Reduction 7.2 Collection 7.2.1 Overview 7.2.2 Collection and Equipment and Route 7.2.3 Private Collection Service 7.2.4 Storage and Setout 7.2.5 Segregated recyclables 7.2.6 Segregated compostable 7.2.7 Mixed Solid waste / residuals 7.3 Segregation, Recycling and Composting 7.3.1 Segregation 7.3.2 Recycling 7.3.3 Composting / Management of Biodegradable Waste 7.3.4 Marketing and Market Development 7.4 Transfer
7.5 Alternative Technologies for Residual Wastes 7.6 Disposal 7.6.1 Solid Waste Disposal Capacity 7.6.1.1 Existing Facilities 7.6.1.2 New Facilities 7.7 Special Wastes
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7.7.1 Health Care Wastes 7.7.1.1 Color Coding Scheme for Health Care Waste 7.7.1.2 Storage 7.7.1.3 Collection and Transport of Health Care Waste 7.7.1.4 Waste Disposal Systems 7.8 Information, Education and Communication (IEC) 7.8.1 Introduction 7.8.2 Core Messages 7.8.3 Approach 7.8.3.1 Planned Activities
8. IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY 8.1 Framework 8.2 Diversion Projections 8.3 Monitoring Program 8.4 Incentive Programs
9. INSTITUTIONAL ASPECTS 9.1 Roles 9.1.1 Participatory Approach 9.1.2 Waste Minimization and Increased Waste Diversion 9.1.3 Behavioral Change Approach 9.2 Legal
10. SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS 10.1 Social Aspects 10.2 Environmental Aspects
11. FINANCIAL ASPECTS 11.1 Investment Area 11.2 Annual Budget for Solid Waste Management 11.3 Funding Options 11.4 Cost Evaluation and Comparison 11.6 Summary
12. PLAN IMPLEMENTATION 12.1 Phases and Responsibilities
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12.2 Milestones 12.3 Implementation Schedule
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ABBREVIATION OF TERMS
BSWMC Barangay Waste Management Council
BFP Bureau of Fire Protection
CBMS Community-Based Management System
CSO Civil Society Organization
DENR Department of Environment and Natural Resources
EO Executive Order
IEC Information, Education and Communication Campaign
LCE Local Chief Executive
MAO Municipal Agriculture Office
MEO Municipal Engineering Office
MENRO Municipal Environment & Natural Resources Officer
MPDC Municipal Planning and Development Coordinator
MRF Municipal Recovery Facility
MSWMB Municipal Solid Waste Management Board
PNP Philippine National Police
RA Republic Act
RHU Rural Health Unit
SLF Sanitary Landfill
WACS Waste Assessment and Characterization Study
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CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
- Purpose - Approach - Acknowledgement
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1.1 Purpose
Vision:
“Catarman - a self-sufficient, independent, hospitable and God-loving people living in a green and ecologically balanced environment with vibrant agri-eco-tourism-based economy guided by goal-oriented leaders.”
The vision of the municipality asserts that its constituent will live in a green and ecologically balanced environment. This solid waste management plan is a manifestation of that vision. In order to achieve her vision, an ecologically balanced environment, the cleanliness of its surrounding should be improved and maintained for the next generation to enjoy.
This plan will address key issues on solid waste management that beset the municipality and its people. Interventions by the local government, by the provincial, municipal and the barangay, shall be in harmony to achieve the desired goal. The following are the key issues facing the community that will be discussed in detailed in this plan:
◦ Immobilized community on solid waste management; ◦ Unsegregated solid wastes from households and establishments; ◦ MENRO is a designate; ◦ No infrastructure plan on solid waste management; ◦ Inactive solid waste management board and task force; ◦ Lack of IEC activities on solid waste reduction; ◦ Dumping and burning anywhere in the municipality
Goal
◦ Improved and sustained cleanliness of the environment
This simple goal is easier said than done. But this goal must be achieved to attain the vision of the municipality of an ecologically balanced environment. The general belief of
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the community is that the environment of the town is clean. But the belief is blinded by the fact that the garbage accumulation in the surrounding is increasing. Several factors contribute to this problem and will be discussed in this plan. It is the belief of the Municipal Technical Working Group and the local officials that this plan will help alleviate the garbage problem of the community through interventions, legal, institutional, physical infrastructure and community-based activities and approaches for the next ten (10) years to come.
• Intent of RA 9003 and its effect on solid waste management
Republic Act No. 9003, otherwise known as the “Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000” declared the policy of the State to adopt a systematic, comprehensive and ecological solid waste management program which shall:
a) Ensure the protection of public health and environment;
b) Utilize environmentally-sound methods that maximize the utilization of
valuable resources and encourage resource conservation and recovery;
c) Set guidelines and targets for solid waste avoidance and volume reduction
through source reduction and waste minimization measures, including
composting, recycling, re-use, recovery, green charcoal process, and
others, before collection, treatment and disposal in appropriate and
environmentally sound solid waste management facilities in accordance
with ecologically sustainable development principles;
d) Ensure the proper segregation, collection, transport, storage, treatment and
disposal of solid waste through the formulation and adoption of the best
environmental practice in ecological waste management excluding
incineration;
e) Promote national research and development programs for improved solid
waste management and resource conservation techniques, more effective
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institutional arrangement and indigenous and improved methods of waste
reduction, collection, separation and recovery;
f) Encourage greater private sector participation in solid waste management;
g) Retain primary enforcement and responsibility of solid waste management
with local government units while establishing a cooperative effort among
the national government, other local government units, non-government
organizations, and the private sector;
h) Encourage cooperation and self-regulation among waste generators through
the application of market-based instruments;
i) Institutionalize public participation in the development and implementation of
national and local integrated, comprehensive and ecological waste
management programs; and
j) Strengthen the integration of ecological solid waste management and
resource conservation and recovery topics into the academic curricula of
formal and non-formal education in order to promote environmental
awareness and action among the citizenry.
While these policies incorporate the intent of the law, the local government adopts measures and interventions through some of the policies as guiding points in the making of this plan. These guiding points includes as taken from these policies are:
• Ensure the protection of public health and environment;
• Institutionalize public participation
• Encourage greater private sector participation
• Source reduction
• Proper segregation, collection, transport, storage, treatment and disposal
of solid waste
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• Integration of ecological solid waste management and resource
conservation and recovery topics into the academic curricula of formal and
non-formal education
1.2 Approach
Approach used in Preparing the SWM Plan
• The Municipal Technical Working Group composed of LGU department heads and other personnel, conducted series of meetings in coming up the plan. • Barangay consultations were done thru general assemblies conducted by the barangays. • Necessary data provided by the barangays and the department heads • WACS was conducted and WACS of the Province was taken as reference • The Municipal Planning and Development Office staff consolidates the reports of each department head and come up with draft plan. • The plan was discussed in the Municipal Development Council and some corrections, amendment was made. • Final Plan was submitted to the Sangguniang Bayan for adaption and approval.
Data sources:
• Provincial Solid Waste Management Plan – data on provincial WACS, Provincial Land Fill Area data • Municipal Comprehensive Land Use Plan 2000 - data on physical profile of the municipality, environmental profile and plan • Municipal Solid Waste Management Ordinance No. 06, series of 2005 – data on the SWM board, structural organization and roles of stakeholders, and SWM system • CBMS 2006 – data on households, solid waste management practices • National Statistic Census Board - demography of the town • Data of various department in the local government unit of Catarman
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1.3 Acknowledgement
The Municipal Planning and Development Office (MPDC) of this municipality would like to express its appreciation and gratitude to all who in one way or the other gives generous support in the preparation of this Ten (10) Year Solid Waste Management.
Sincerest thanks to the present administration under the leadership of the Honorable Nestor A. Jacot and the Sangguniang Bayan of Catarman, for their all-out support and assistance in the various stages of the plan preparation until its finalization. Our earnest appreciation and thanks to all the members of the Solid Waste Management Team in the preparation and finalization of this plan
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CHAPTER II: MUNICIPAL PROFILE
- Location - History - Population - Economic Profile - Physical Characteristics
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2.1 Location
CAMIGUIN is a pear-shaped island province located at the Northern tip of Mindanao and is blessed with great vistas, exotic waterfalls, hot and cold springs, majestic mountains and volcanoes, coral reefs and beaches. It is also popularly known for its sweet Lanzones, seafood’s and unhurried lifestyle as well as friendly and God-fearing people, thus tourists refer to this beautiful island province as the “Island of your Imagination”.
Catarman is a 5th class Municipality with a total of 14 barangays with one (1) urban barangay and thirteen (13) rural barangays. It is in the northwestern part of the island province, which is in the northern most tip of the island Mindanao. Its central location can be geographically viewed in 9⁰10’00” North latitude and 124⁰40’00’ East longitude.
Catarman faces the western side of northern Mindanao, directly points to the vast sea between the Island of Siquijor and the Province of Misamis Occidental. Its coastal line belongs to the Macajalar Bay.
The town is accessible by ferry boat through entry ports from Balingoan of Misamis Oriental and Benoni Port. Cebu Pacific and Philippine Airlines flights also cater from Cebu Municipal via Camiguin Airport in Barangay Baylao of Mambajao. In the recent past, fast crafts also serves daily trips from Opol to Camiguin via Benoni Ports or Balbagon Ports.
The town is accessible through any transportation directly from Benoni Port, Guinsiliban Port and Mambajao port and airport. From Benoni or Guinsiliban ports, one must travel southward bound to reach Catarman at 24 kilometers and 19 kilometers respectively by any means of land transportation. From Mambajao, one must travel westward bound to reach Catarman passing some distance of all-weather roads along the slopes of Mount Vulkan Daan. The distance along this route is 24 kilometers to Poblacion terminal.
The town boundaries are Sagay in the southeast, Mambajao in the northeast, and the vast Mindanao Sea in the westernmost part. The coastline is generally irregular that measures approximately 16.35 kilometers.
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Figure 1 Map of Camiguin (Inset Map of Catarman)
2.1.1 Land Area
Recent boundary survey conducted by the Land Management Bureau of DENR shows a total land area of 5,687.82 which has an increase of 5.82% or 312.82 hectares.
Table in the Administrative Map shows distribution of land area by barangays and its share to the total municipal land area. Barangay Bonbon has the largest share of 948.67 hectares or 16.68%, followed by Mainit and Santo Nińo. Barangay Looc has the smallest share of 1.46% or 82.95 hectares only. Although this area is still under scrutiny and deliberation for adaption of the Sangguniang Bayan of Catarman, the new area is used in various maps generated for the purpose of this Plan.
Locations of these barangays characterize the type of ecosystem they support. Barangay Poblacion, Alga, Bonbon, Catibac, and Tangaro can be composite; Barangay Bura,
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Mainit, Manduao, Liloan and Santo Niño to be upland barangays; and the barangays of Catibac, Compol, Lawigan, Looc and Panghiawan to be coastal/lowland.
The northern barangays are (1) Bonbon (2) Catibac (3) Bura (4) Lawigan (5) Panghiawan (6) Mainit and (7) Compol. Likewise, the southern barangays are (1) Santo Niño (2) Liloan (3) Looc (4) Manduao (5) Poblacion (6) Alga and (7) Tangaro considering that the Dininggasan River is their divide.
Table ____, Administrative Map Barangay Area (has) % Share Alga 258.49 4.54% Alga vs. Tangaro 83.77 1.47% Bonbon 948.66 16.68% Bura 359.66 6.32% Catibac 287.54 5.06% Compol 282.39 4.96% Lawigan 166.8 2.93% Liloan 311.26 5.47% Looc 82.95 1.46% Mainit 930.03 16.35% Manduao 335.42 5.90% Panghiawan 204.46 3.59% Poblacion 268.58 4.72% Santo Nińo 843.84 14.84% Tangaro 323.97 5.70% Total 5687.82 100.00%
2.2 History
CATARMAN, as called by the Visayans, means a point or cape. It is the oldest town in Camiguin. It was founded in 1622 under the patronage of San Roque. Fray Francisco de la Concepcion, Recollect, was the first Priest when it was founded. It had 357 tributes and
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a population of 1,625 with Sagay and Mambajao as station or visitas.
ACCORDING to chronicles, the first parish that was established in this island was that of Guinsiliban (1596 or 1599), with station or visitas in Catarman and Sagay.
According to Vicente Elio, Magellan came to discover Camiguin where he set foot in April 1521 and according to local folks, Magellan set foot to get water at site where Catarman was established. For more than two centuries only the parishes 1of Guinsiliban and Catarman existed.
FROM THE 18th CENTURY to the early 19th century, Camiguin as a part of Misamis Oriental, was governed from Cebu by 1818. Misamis Oriental gained its provincial status with Camiguin Island as one of the divisions of the Misamis Oriental territory called PARTIDO de CATARMAN composed of Catarman and the villages of Guinsiliban, Mambajao and Sagay.
On 1848, the parish of Guinsiliban was abolished and transferred to Sagay together with Mahinog. They became visitas of Sagay and Sagay was separated from Catarman and Mambajao remained as visitas or station.
0N JANUARY 4, 1855, a special decree separated Mambajao from Catarman and on July 6 of the same year, it was made a municipality with Rev. Father Valero de Sebastian as the first parish priest and Tupsan its visita and Agojo became the only visita of Catarman.
THE TOWN OF PARTIDO de CATARMAN was frequently subjected to natural calamities. Lava, hot rocks and volcanic ashes due to the eruption of Mt. Vulcan on October 10, 1870 destroyed Catarman. Until 1871, the town was located in its original site. But due to volcanic activity, it had been transferred to Guiob, then a barrio; this is its present location. It is the biggest town in the island in terms of land area, very fertile, hilly. The climate is healthful. The first view the town offers is beautiful scene. It is not yet too developed; it has many forests with excellent timber for construction.
1 Research done by Mr. Godofredo S. Apugan and Mr. Joseph B. Gaa
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ON MAY 1, 1871, Catarman was established in present location headed by Pio Gomez, Hilariun Abad, Patricio Basa, Pedro Anonuevo, Marcelo Bacol and Marcelo Cadion. In 1872, Mambajao claimed Agojo from Catarman and Agojo separated from Catarman.
IN 1899, an Amercian gunboat bombarded Camiguin. After a brief skirmish with the Los Libertados under the command of Ricardo Reyes, the inhabitants readily submitted to American rule. Sporadic clashes however continued against the remaining elements of the revolutionary force that was led by name of a certain Balero. In 1899, the Americans appointed Mr. Macario Gimeno First President of Catarman and later on replaced by Mr. Rosendo Bailo, then succeeded by Mr. Leopoldo Ilago as President.
IN 1901, Balero and his followers were completely annihilated in the Battle of Manduaw that ended the resistance in the island.
IN 1903, Mr. Mateo Roasol was the President of Catarman. Between 1903 and 1906, Catarmanons became rebellious. They did not want interference from people outside from Catarman who interfered in their governing system and they preferred to fight with bolos and spear, but not without a single drop of blood.
IN 1906, Catarman was abolished as a municipality and integrated as a barrio of Mambajao and Pablo Rodrigo and Gregorio Basmayor were the Councilors.
IN OTHER VERSION of 1903, the towns of Catarman, Mahinog and Sagay were all combined with Mambajao to form into a single municipality out of the entire island. Guinsiliban was formed part of Sagay from 1848 to 1950.
ON JULY 30, 1910, the construction of the municipal building begun and finished in January 26, 1911 and the amount collected to finance the project was P1, 344.20 and the total cost of the building was P1,218.82. The project was completed.
IN 1912, Pablo Rodrigo was elected President of Municipality of Catarman. through plebiscite, up to 1915. In 1912, Catarman was re-created or re-established as municipality separate from Mambajao.
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During the Second World War, the municipality was not spared of the threat of war. Although there was no war encounters within the municipality, a guerilla outfit was present. There was no bombing made during the invasion of the municipality. The people were prepared of the event and most went to the nearby hills and mountains to hide.
The eruption of Mt. Hibok-hibok on September 8, 1948 and December 3-4, 1951 precipitated a dramatic exodus of Catarmanons for safety to other places. Most of them went to mainland Mindanao and settled. To them, Mindanao was the island of promise. True to their beliefs, most of them had improved and settled permanently.
CATARMAN has 14 barrios namely:
1) BONBON established as the first settlement in 1622 and established in 1875 as a separate barrio after the eruption in 1871 2) CATIBAC established in 17th century 3) MAINIT established in 1701 Under Mainit are Sitio Kugon, Dumilag, Songok, Binuagan, Malingin and Ka- alingatungan PANGHIAWAN established in early part of 18th century COMPOL established in 1855 TANGARO established in 1860 BURA established in 1870 POBLACION established in 1871 Formerly Gui-ob; old Catarman centro was transferred here after the volcanic eruption LAWIGAN established in 1877 LILOAN established in ______ALGA established in 1962 MANDUAO established in 1964 LOOC established in 1964 SANTO NIÑO established in 1972
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Figure 2 Map of Catarman, Camiguin
2.3 POPULATION
NSO Census of Population 2015 gives only the total population size of the municipality. It has no further details on sex disaggregation and other population data, so in this section the population size of the CBMS 2016-2016 is hereby used.
Historical Growth of Population
The population of the municipality as recorded in the NSO reveals increase or decrease over a given period. Since 1903 of 4, 260 inhabitants, this population grows into 16, 388 in 2010. in between these years, the increase or decrease can be retold from the history of the country that affects the municipality.
Sometime in years before and after World War II, a decrease of the population occurred.
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However, after the war and in the 1960s, a decrease of almost 1/3 of the population occurred. This can be attributed to the exodus of the Catarmanons to mainland Mindanao and other outside areas due to the threat of Mt. Hibok-hibok eruption sometime in 1950s to 1952s. The eruptions of this volcano prompted some families to evacuate to nearby areas and never came back leaving behind them real properties.
Table __. Historical Growth of Population, 1903-2015
YEAR POPULATION INCREASE / AVERAGE DECREASE GROWTH RATE 1903 2-March 4,260 - - 1918 31-Dec 7,980 3,720 3.53 1939 1-Jan 16,845 8,865 3.93 1948 1-Jan 16,599 -246 -0.16 1960 1-Oct 10,659 -5,940 -3.47 1970 15-Feb 11,996 1,337 0.99 1975 6-May 12,168 172 1.63 1980 1-May 12,422 254 0.41 1990 1-May 13,892 1,470 1.11 1995 1-May 14,756 864 1.2 2000 1-May 15,386 630 0.84 2007 1-Aug 16,060 674 0.59 2010 1-May 16,388 328 0.74 2015 1-May 16,798 420 0.50 Source: PSA
Table___ . 10 year Population projection YEAR 2018 2019 2020 2021 2023 2024 2026 2027 POPULATION 16,662 16,941 17,225 17,513 18,104 18,407 19,028 19,347 It can be deduced from Table 1 that the population of the municipality in 2010 almost equal that in 1960s. Only in 1975 census that shows a high growth rate of 1.63. Had it not been of this exodus, the population of the municipality might have tripled since then. For the years 2000 to 2010, the growth rate happens to be less than 1 % which is far below of the provincial and national average of 1.22% and 1.90, respectively.
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Population Size
Catarman is the second most populated town in Camiguin. As shown in Table 15, the total population of Catarman in 2016 is 15,842 composed resident population of 15,695 and Filipino Overseas workers of 147. Male populations constitute 8,007 or 55.00% while female population is 7,835 or 49.5% of the total population. Total household is 3,665 for the entire municipality.
Table __. Population Size Group Frequency Magnitude* Proportion Total Male Female Total Male Female HOUSEHOLDS 3665 TOTAL 15842 8007 7835 100 50.5 49.5 POPULATION Resident 15695 7928 7767 100 50.5 49.5 population FILIPINO OVERSEAS Overseas 131 72 59 100 55.0 45.0 Filipino Workers (OFWs) Non-working 16 7 9 100 43.8 56.3 individuals Source: CBMS 2015-2016
Table __ shows the distribution of the population in all barangays. In terms of population, Barangay Bonbon ranks first of 2,164 followed by Poblacion of 2,166. Barangay with the least population is Liloan of 497 persons.
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Table ___. Population by Barangay
BARANGAY HOUSEHOLDS POPULATION
Alga 177 730
Bonbon 487 2164
Bura 181 766
Catibac 226 903
Compol 358 1493
Lawigan 253 1124
Liloan 123 487
Looc 174 736
Mainit 347 1440
Manduao 166 662
Panghiawan 147 854
Poblacion 530 2166
Santo Niño 243 1046
Tangaro 253 1271
Total 3,665 15,842
Source: CBMS 2015 – 2016
2.4 ECONOMIC PROFILE
The economy of Catarman is characterized to be an agri-tourism based local economy. While agriculture proves to be the most important factor, the steady growth of tourism industry in the locality ultimately contributes much in the economic growth with the support of the agriculture sector. The enduring economic growth path has not been fully utilized to stimulate a more pro-active economic endeavor. Economic development potentials of this LGU still remains to be fully tapped to attain a sustainable economic growth.
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2.4.1 Major Livelihood Sources
The primary source of livelihood of the municipality is agriculture particularly farming. Coconut industry is the dominant source of income of the community followed by livestock on piggery, cattle and goat raisings. Fruit trees especially “lanzones”, durian and rambutan also provide income of several farmers and landowners. Although seasonal in bearing, the “lanzones” give a big sum of money when bearing is full. Planted as intercrop with coconut and fruit trees are bananas. The local banana called “saba” and “sarabia” also provide additional income of farmers. Not only for money, banana is used also as source of table food of the many families.
Major issues on agriculture are the unpredictable production caused by season or climatic changes and of fluctuating prices of products dictated by industry players like coconut
Also, affecting productions are the presence of pest, “bugtok” in babana and scale insects in lanzones. El Niño and La Niña phenomena directly affect standing trees and crops unproductive.
Fishing is another livelihood for the 9 barangays coastal community of the municipality. Fishermen are classified according to type of boats they are using. Motorboats are classified as single, double and small-scale capacity. Single ridden boats are used to catch fish such “mocos", target fishes and fishes near the shoreline. Double-ridden outriggers are used to catch tuna species, either by hook and line or by using fish nets called “pukot” and “pamalaran”. There are five (5) small scale boats registered in the municipality that are used to catch schools of tuna and other pelagic species. These small-scale fishing boats are plying within the 15 kilometers areas of the municipal waters.
Dwindling catch is the major problem of fishing industry Marginal fishermen experienced low catch per unit time. It may be due to low fish stock replenishment coupled with massive fishing due to advance technology and increasing number of fishermen. As reported by fishermen during FGD, many species are no longer found in the catch area like “amag and uyap”. Pelagic species like tuna that migrating to the municipal waters are dwindling due to poaching of commercial fishing within the municipal waters of Catarman.
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At present, except for the establishment of marine protected areas, there are no other major program to increase fish catch.
Tourism services are also a promising livelihood of the community in terms of employment services and entrepreneurship. The increasing entry of tourists in Camiguin provides livelihood that cater to their needs like resorts, homestay, souvenir shops, boat and vehicle services, and street foods. A tourism center is constructed by the local government to provide services like information to tourist who stop by at Sunken Cemetery in barangay Bonbon.
While tourist spots, facilities and services are available in the locality, the local tourism industry lags that of Mambajao. It has been said that Catarman is a must to see, tourists spent little in the municipality. In terms of number of resorts and percentage of occupancy, number motor vehicles for hire, food services catering tourists, these are less to be found. This is although Catarman has the greatest number of spots to be visited of.
The development of additional sports is emerging. Among these are the Blue Lagoon in Lawigan and the Shrine of Our Lady of Manaog in Sitio Tubos, Barangay Alga.
2.4.2 Road Infrastructure
During the launching of the Bottoms-Up Budgeting (BUB), which was initiated by the DILG, most of the projects undertaken by the LGU were focused on infrastructure – farm- to-market roads, early childhood development centers, water sources. Existing facilities are being renovated or upgraded to cope up with national standards.
Recently, the Local Government Support Equalization Fund- Assistance to Municipalities funding are programmed for expansion of municipal streets and concreting of remaining farm-to-market roads (FMR).
Catarman has total road 42.745 kilometers of various road conditions as concreted, earth and gravelly. The provincial circumferential road located in the municipality has a total
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length of 16.95 kilometers of concrete pavement from Barangay Tangaro to Bonbon,
Part of the road networks are the bridges that connects them. Dininggasan RCDC Bridge is the longest bridge in the province with a length of 237 meters. Other big RCDC bridges are the Timayog I, Timayog II, Looc, and Puti. Most of the bridges connecting barangays are reinforced concrete box culverts. So far, existing roads network have no river crossing without concrete birdges.
Table ___. Municipal Road Network
Surface Road Road Length Road Name Classification Width Barangay Remarks Type Importance Condition (meters)
Tangaro, Alga, Poblacion, Looc, Catarman National Compol, Road traversing Concrete Core Good 15 16,954.65 Circumferential Road Panghiawan, 9 barangays Lawigan, Catibac, Bonbon
Provincial Lawigan Dahican concrete Core Good 4 582.00 Lawigan Road Provincial Road traversing Panghiawan -Mainit concrete Core Good 4 1,754.00 Panghiawan Road 2 barangays Provincial Sabang Beach Road earth Core Good 4 439.00 Bonbon Road Provincial Lawigan-Timayog earth Core Good 4 281.00 Lawigan Road Provincial Road traversing Looc-Liloan gravel Core Good 4 80.00 Looc road 2 barangays
Provincial Compol & Road traversing Compol-Mainit concrete Core Good 4 1,477.00 Road Mainit 2 barangays
Provincial Road traversing Compol-Mainit gravel Core Good 4 459.00 Mainit Road 2 barangays Mambajao- Provincial Road traversing Catarman concrete Core Good 4 4,570.00 Mainit Road 2 municipalities CrossCountry Road Provincial Mainit-Puntod Dako earth Core Good 4 1,684.00 Mainit Road Provincial Alga-Kilaa-Tibacjao concrete Core Good 4 329.00 Alga Road Provincial Tangaro-Guinsangol concrete Core Good 4 858.00 Tangaro Road Centro Catarman- Provincial Road traversing gravel Core Good 4 693.00 Manduao Manduao Road 2 barangays Provincial Looc-Liloan concrete Core Good 4 599.00 Liloan Road Provincial Sto. Nino-Dumilag gravel Core Good 4 344.00 Sto. Nino Road Catibac-Lampuyao- Provincial Catibac, Bura, Raod traversing Concrete Core Good 4 4,957.00 Bura-Lawigan Road Lawigan 3 barangays
Municipal Road
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Surface Road Road Length Road Name Classification Width Barangay Remarks Type Importance Condition (meters) Emeterio Jacot Municipal Concrete Core Good 4 270.67 Poblacion Street Hospital Street Municipal Concrete Core Good 4 106.67 Poblacion Domingo Chavez Municipal Concrete Core Good 4 350.55 Poblacion Street 1st Sangguniang Municipal Concrete Core Good 4 464.95 Poblacion Bayan Street Fausto Dugenio Municipal Concrete Core Good 4 446.33 Poblacion Street Gemino Street Municipal Concrete Core Good 4 431.81 Poblacion Rafols Brothers Municipal Concrete Core Good 4 490.07 Poblacion Street Procopio B. Ranin Municipal Concrete Core Good 4 430.77 Poblacion Street Gobernadorcillo Municipal Concrete Core Good 4 356.27 Poblacion Banaag Street Hipolito Along Municipal Concrete Core Good 4 361.42 Poblacion Street Zenon Murillo Municipal Concrete Core Good 4 756.71 Poblacion Street Pablo Rodrigo Municipal Concrete Core Good 4 249.72 Poblacion Street Alejandro Magtajas Municipal Concrete Core Good 4 619.64 Poblacion Street Rodolfo M. Jacot Municipal Concrete Core Good 4 99.52 Poblacion Street Ubaldo Gaa Street Municipal Concrete Core Good 4 402.66 Poblacion Emeterio Jacot Municipal 4 224.87 Poblacion Proposed Extension Hipolito Along Municipal 4 192.88 Poblacion Proposed Extension Gobernadorcillo Municipal 4 166.24 Poblacion Proposed Banaag Extension Cemetery-H along Proposed with Municipal 4 186.61 Poblacion Extension bridge
Kilaa-Tibacjao Barangay Concrete Core Good 4 2.26 Tangaro Poblacion-Lumad Barangay Earth Non-Core Bad 4 2.55 Poblacion Road Compol-NIA- Barangay Concrete Core Poor 4 2.99 Compol, Mainit Traversing Two Mainit Barangays Concrete = Liloan-Bae Barangay Concrete Core Good 4 0.69 Liloan 0.175 km, Earth = 0.519 km Road Compol-Nursery Barangay Concrete Core Good 4 2.00 Compol, Mainit Traversing Two Mainit Barangays Road Panghiawan-Lunas- Panghiawan, Barangay Concrete Core Good 4 1.85 Traversing Two Mainit Mainit Barangays Concrete = 0.15 Catibac-Pook Barangay Concrete Core Good 4 0.43 Catibac km, Earth = 0.282 km Road Lawigan, Lawigan-Catibac Barangay Earth Non-Core Bad 4 0.22 Traversing Two Catibac Barangays Bura-Boborol Barangay Concrete Non-Core Good 4 0.23 Bura Road NIA-Cogon1 Barangay Earth Core Bad 4 0.84 Mainit, Sto Nio Traversing Two Barangays Road Traversing Two Compol-Bido- Barangays, Barangay Earth Core Fair 4 1.45 Compol, Mainit Mainit1 Concrete = 0.20 km, Earth 0.189 km
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Surface Road Road Length Road Name Classification Width Barangay Remarks Type Importance Condition (meters)
Lawigan hi school - Barangay Earth Core Fair 4 0.44 Lawigan covered court Lawigan chapel - Barangay Concrete Core Good 4 0.26 Lawigan elementary Lawigan Elem-Oril Barangay Earth Core Bad 4 0.17 Lawigan Road Lawigan-Luyo- Traversing Two Barangay Concrete Core Good 6.1 1.83 Lawigan, Bura Bura1 Barangays, Tourism Road Tourism Road, Concrete = 0.2, Lawigan-Ohan-Rio Barangay Earth Core Fair 6.1 0.67 Lawigan Earth =0.472 km Looc-Cnhs- Barangay Concrete Core Good 4 0.69 Looc Poblacion Lutak1 Barangay Concrete Core Good 4 0.34 Lawigan Mainit1 Barangay Earth Non-Core Fair 4 0.13 Mainit Mainit 5 Barangay Earth Non-Core Bad 4 0.16 Mainit Proposed Road Mainit-Balintawak1 Barangay Earth Core Bad 4 0.62 Mainit Proposed Road Mainit-Compol- Mainit, Compol, Barangay Earth Core Bad 4 1.99 Proposed Road Liloan1 Liloan Mainit-Rotching- Barangay Earth Non-Core Bad 4 0.30 Mainit Proposed Road Tuba Veloso Barangay Earth Core Bad 4 0.82 Mainit Proposed Road Road Traversing Two Panghiawan chapel - Panghiawan, Barangays, Barangay Earth Core Bad 4 1.60 mainit elementary Mainit Concrete = 0.2 km, Earth = 0.216 km Sto nino-Basketball Barangay Earth Core Bad 4 0.11 Sto Nio court Manduao, Manduao-Pasanan1 Barangay Concrete Core Good 4 2.52 Pasanan Poblacion-Sisiman- Barangay Concrete Core Good 4 2.84 Poblacion Quidagum1 Bura-Candiis Barangay Earth Core Bad 4 2.19 Bura Proposed Road Catibac-Labayao Barangay Concrete Core Good 6 2.01 Catibac Proposed Road Compol- Barangay Earth Core Bad 4 1.93 Compol Proposed Road Dininggasa-Cogon Road Liloan- Sto Nino Barangay Concrete Core Good 4 1.23 Liloan, Sto Nio Traversing Two Barangays Concrete = 3.59 Sto Nino - Barangay Concrete Core Good 4 1.61 Sto. Nio km, Earth = Kabubuhan 1.608 km Banao-Tubos Barangay Earth Core Bad 4 1.35 Sto. Nio Proposed Road Concrete =0.6 Alga-Timbaan Barangay Earth Core Fair 4 2.68 Alga km, Earth = 2.075 km Tangaro Shoreline1 Barangay Earth Core Bad 4 0.13 Tangaro Proposed Road Tangaro shoreline2 Barangay Earth Core Bad 4 0.14 Tangaro Proposed Road Poblacion-Madling- Barangay Earth Core Bad 4 2.35 Poblacion Quidagum Lower Banao-Upper Barangay Earth Non-Core Bad 4 1.63 Sto. Nio Proposed Road Banao Napo-Upper Napo Barangay Earth Non-Core Bad 4 1.77 Sto. Nio Proposed Road Road Mainit-Lumad-Bura Barangay Concrete Core Good 4 2.42 Mainit, Bura Traversing Two Barangays Lawigan-Fishport Barangay Concrete Core Good 4 0.49 Lawigan Mingkohoy-Sea Barangay Earth Core Bad 4 0.29 Panghiawan Proposed Road
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Surface Road Road Length Road Name Classification Width Barangay Remarks Type Importance Condition (meters)
Panghiawan- Barangay Earth Core Bad 4 0.27 Panghiawan Proposed Road Shoreline (Jagape) Paanghiawan- Barangay Earth Core Bad 4 0.30 Panghiawan Proposed Road Soreline (G0) Panghiawan- Barangay Earth Core Bad 4 0.24 Panghiawan Proposed Road Shoreline (Cabigon)
Panghiawan- NULProposed Barangay Concrete Core Fair 4 0.27 Panghiawan Shoreline (Bentong) RoadL
Panghiawan- Barangay Earth Core Fair 4 0.31 Panghiawan Proposed Road Shoreline (Almonia)
Panghiawan- Barangay Earth Core Fair 4 0.26 Panghiawan Proposed Road Shoreline(abregana)
Panghiawan- Barangay Concrete Core Good 4 0.21 Panghiawan Proposed Road Shoreline(Pagute) Panghiawan-Parallel Barangay Earth Core Fair 4 1.70 Panghiawan Proposed Road shoreline Compol-Shoreline Barangay Earth Core Bad 4 0.26 Compol Proposed Road (Absuelo Compol-Shoreline Barangay Earth Core Bad 4 0.28 Compol Proposed Road (Bailo) Compol- Barangay Earth Core Bad 4 0.31 Compol Proposed Road Shoreline(Binoy) Compol-Nanol Barangay Earth Core Bad 4 0.32 Compol Proposed Road Compol-Shoreline Barangay Earth Core Bad 4 0.18 Compol Proposed Road (Pagute) Compol-Parallel Barangay Earth Core Bad 4 1.17 Compol Proposed Road shoreline Panghiawan-Upper Barangay Earth Core Bad 4 1.80 Panghiawan Proposed Road Mingkohoy-Lumad Lawigan-Upper Barangay Earth Core Bad 4 0.96 Lawigan Proposed Road Mingkohoy Kilambon-Kabugan- Barangay Earth Core Bad 4 2.00 Bonbon Proposed Road Lampuyao Bonbon-Pakjal-Oros Barangay Earth Core Fair 4 2.05 Bonbon Proposed Road Bonbon-Baptist Barangay Concrete Core Good 4 0.13 Bonbon Bonbon-Naluan Barangay Earth Non-Core Bad 4 0.47 Bonbon Proposed Road Bonbon-Purok 6 Barangay Earth Core Bad 4 0.48 Bonbon Proposed Road Bonbon-Kurotsi Barangay Earth Non-Core Bad 4 0.96 Bonbon Proposed Road Bonbon-Upper Barangay Earth Non-Core Bad 4 0.33 Bonbon Proposed Road Purok 5 Bonbon-Quiopo Barangay Earth Non-Core Bad 4 0.29 Bonbon Proposed Road Bonbon-Purok 8 Barangay Earth Core Bad 4 0.40 Bonbon Proposed Road Bonbon Upper Barangay Earth Core Bad 4 1.36 Bonbon Proposed Road Purok 4- Kaniib Bonbon Elementary-Upper Barangay Earth Core Bad 4 0.63 Bonbon Purok 4 Bonbon Elementary Barangay Earth Non-Core Bad 4 0.21 Bonbon Bonbon- Upper Barangay Earth Non-Core Bad 4 0.25 Bonbon Proposed Road Purok 3 Bonbon-Bol angon - Barangay Earth Core Bad 4 1.95 Bonbon Proposed Road vulkan-Naasag Bonbon-Kilambon- Barangay Earth Core Bad 4 0.13 Bonbon Proposed Road Shoreline Bonbon-Kilambon- Barangay Earth Core Bad 4 1.64 Bonbon Proposed Road Oros Bonbon Pakjal - Barangay Earth Core Bad 4 0.75 Bonbon Proposed Road Upper Kilambon
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Surface Road Road Length Road Name Classification Width Barangay Remarks Type Importance Condition (meters)
Catibac-Tangara- Barangay Earth Core Bad 4 1.56 Catibac,Lawigan Proposed Road Lawigan Sacupayo Total 42,746.63
Figure _ Road and Bridges Network Map
2.5 PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Generally, from the sea (western part), the topographic relief of the town can be described by as wide narrow plain, gradually rising to a low relief of pyroclastic hills then high relief of pyroclastic hills and the volcanic mountains at the inland most part.
As reflected in the topographic map, elevation from 0-300 meters asl covers 2,654.66 hectares of land area. The Barangay of Compol, Panghiawan and Looc are located within
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this elevation and almost half of the areas of the composite barangays. Elevations from 300-1000meter asl covers the low to high relief areas up to the mountains of Mt. Catarman and Mt. Timpoong ranges. The highest mountain of Timpooong ranges has an elevation of almost 1,580 meters asl while the mountain facing Catarman has an elevation of 1,250 meters asl (Figure 2 and Table 1).
The biggest and longest river of the province, the Dininggasan River, dissects the municipality into southern and northern parts with each half possessing distinct distinguishing characteristics. The northern part comprised of seven (7) barangays is characterized by having large plains and few pyroclastic hills of high reliefs and the imposing Mount Catarman and Mt. Vulkan Daan. The southern part comprises the other seven- (7) barangays with smaller plains and more pyroclastic hills of low to high relief and the imposing Mt. Timpoong mountain ranges.
The northern barangays are (1) Bonbon (2) Catibac (3) Bura (4) Lawigan (5) Panghiawan (6) Mainit and (7) Compol. Likewise, the southern barangays are (1) Sto. Niño (2) Liloan (3) Looc (4) Manduao (5) Poblacion (6) Alga and (7) Tangaro. As to land area, Bonbon is the largest barangay with a land area of 884.00 hectares, which comprises 16.45% of the municipal land area. It is being closely followed by Mainit with 785.00 hectares (14.60%) and Sto. Niño closely following with 653.00 hectares (12.15%). At the other end of the scale, Looc is the smallest with 71.00 hectares (1.32%) followed by Compol with 198.00 hectares (3.68%). (Table 2).
Locations of these barangays characterize the type of ecosystem they support. Barangay Poblacion, Alga, Bonbon, Catibac, and Tangaro can be composite; Barangay Bura, Mainit, Manduao, Liloan and Sto. Niño to be upland barangays; and the barangays of Catibac, Compol, Lawigan, Looc and Panghiawan to be coastal/lowland.
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Table ____. DISTRIBUTION OF LAND AREA PER BARANGAY Catarman, Camiguin
Barangay Type of Ecosystem Land Area (has) Share (%)
Bonbon Composite 884.00 16.45
Mainit Upland 785.00 14.60
Santo Niño Upland 653.00 12.15
Manduao Upland 370.00 6.88
Bura Upland 367.00 6.83
Catibac Composite 366.00 6.81
Tangaro Composite 362.00 6.73
Liloan Upland 295.00 5.49
Compol Coastal/lowland 273.00 5.08
Poblacion Composite 266.00 4.95
Alga Composite 251.00 4.67
Lawigan Coastal/lowland 234.00 4.35
Panghiawan Coastal/Lowland 198.00 3.68
Looc Coastal/lowland 71.00 1.32
Catarman 5,375 100.00 GIS derived computation from Municipal and Barangay Boundary Map submitted by MPDO, Catarman for digitizing purposes.
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Figure 5 Area per barangay
While Dininggasan River serves as the dominant natural drainage, other major rivers exist in the municipality. These are the Puti River, Compol River, Timayog River and the Kilambon River that discharge intermittently during heavy rains (Figure 3).
2.5.1 Climate and Vegetation
The province of Camiguin, including the Municipality of Catarman, falls under Type IV of the Modified Coronas Classification of the climate map of the Philippines. This type is characterized by rainfall evenly distributed throughout the year. This type resembles Type 2 since it has no dry season (see Figure ___)
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Figure ___, Climate Map of the Philippines
The municipality, as is true for the whole island, is greatly influenced by trade winds and the prevailing northeast and southwest monsoons. Northeasterly winds appear from October to January while easterly and southwesterly winds appear from May to September.
Wind from the northeast is locally known as “Dumagsa” which usually brings in the dry season. The wind from the southwest, locally known as “Habagat”, ushers in the wet season. This southwesterly wind has an average speed of four kilometers per hour. It greatly affects the fishing activities of the town due to the stronger waves brought about by this wind.
During the season that can be strictly called the dry season, a terrible unbroken heat wave sets in, and that is the time when “Salatan” blows. This is the wind that comes from the southern portion of the town.
Catarman being on the western part of the island receives an average annual rainfall of <2000mm which is lesser than the central and eastern portions of the island. The
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estimated gross precipitation was registered at 6.5 x 10 cubic meter. This favors the recharge of underlying aquifers and contributes to the availability of surface and ground water. This also replenishes the watershed areas of Catarman.
Rainfall in Catarman is greatly influenced by the seasonal occurrence of northeast and southeast monsoon. The months of April and May have the least rainfall while the months of December to February have the most rainfalls. During the rest of the year, it is evenly distributed.
The heavy downpour during the month of February is the result of maritime air masses by the Northeast monsoon and the north pacific trade winds coming from the Northeast and eastern directions. This accounts for more amount of rainfall in the lower than on the higher portions of the municipality.
Like the rest of the island province, Catarman has a mean annual temperature of 25 degrees Celsius. The hottest months were April to August with average temperature that reaches 26 degrees Celsius and the coldest is September with 22.7 degrees Celsius.
2.5.2 Soil
Soil Geography
There are four (4) soil types in the municipality. These are Beach Sand, Mambajao Clay, Camiguin Clay, and Mountain Soils (Undifferentiated). These soils are distributed in layers from the coast to the inner part of the municipality as it nears the mountains. Of all these, it is Mambajao Clay which has the biggest share with the land area of 1,896.91 hectares covering more than one-third (33.35%) of the municipal area; it is closely followed by Camiguin Clay with 1,838.37hectares (32.32%).
The following are the various soil types and brief description of their properties and characteristics:
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Beach sand
This soil type along the coast has no agricultural value. However, inland, this type of soils is suitable for coconuts. It forms the outer ring of the municipality and is currently planted with coconuts and associated bananas, grasses, shrubs, fruit trees, lanzones and other diversified crops. It comprises a mere 7.10% of the total land area.
Mambajao Clay
Mambajao Clay is found on the pyroclastic hills generally on the lower portion of Catarman forming a second layer of soil. It has an area of 1,896.91 hectares representing almost 33.35% of the total area. Slight erosion has been observed in most parts of this area.
This type of soil is characterized by brown to slight brown and strong brown moderately clayey surface. It is soft and friable when moist, sticky and plastic when wet, hard and compact when dry and it affords good roof penetration. It has medium acidity and was found to be low in nitrates and phosphorous.
Figure 9 Soil Map
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Table 7. Soil Type
Attributes Area % Share
Mountain Soil 1,548.79 27.23%
Beach Sand 403.74 7.10%
Mambajao Clay 1,896.91 33.35%
Camiguin Clay 1,838.37 32.32%
Total 5,687.82 100.00%
It is currently planted with coconuts and associated paddy rice, banana, lanzones, fruit trees, grasses and shrubs. This type of soil is suitable for all indigenous crops most especially coconut, corn, rice, banana and abaca. Soil management measures such as contour cultivation, terracing and well-planned crop rotation are needed for soil conservation. The soil must be supplied with ample organic matter for it to retain its moisture and to supply plant nutrients. Legumes such as cowpeas, soybeans and mongo could be planted alternately with rice and corn. These could be plowed under to serve as green manure. Farm manure and ammonium phosphate fertilizer can be used to increase its productivity.
Camiguin Clay
The soil forms the third inner layer of soils and is principally located in the pyroclastic hills. It is dominant soil type covering an area of 1,838.37 hectares. Moderate erosion has been observed in the central and southern part of this area. Coconuts, forest, shrubs and diversified crops are the vegetable covers.
The soil is the product of weathering of volcanic sand, basalt and andesite rocks. Cultivation with plow and tractor is impossible due to the prevalence of big boulders and rock outcrops. It has a good surface but only fair internal drainage. The surface soil is dark brown, brown to light brown. It is compact clay, hard when dry, sticky and moderately plastic when wet. It is of medium granular structure and with a limited amount of well- decomposed organic matter. It affords fair root penetration for plants.
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Ideal plants would be permanent crops such as fruit trees and coconuts due to the presence of rock outcrops. It can also be used as pasture. Soil management measures must focus on the prevention of soil erosion and the maintenance of soil productivity through strip cropping, crop rotation, among others.
Mountain Soils Undifferentiated
These are a found on the central portion of the island within the vicinity of the volcanic mountains. In Catarman, it covers land area of 1,548.79 hectares covering 27.23% of the municipality. The area is generally forested although some portions are grasslands and cultivated lands. Erosion ranges from slight to severe especially on the northern area from Bonbon to Mainit. Mt. Vulcan has been observed to have signs of severe erosions. These soils are undifferentiated owing to their relative inaccessibility. They, however, have no immediate agricultural value and are better left as forests.
Soil Permeability and Infiltration
Permeability or hydraulic conductivity is a soil property that enables it to transmit water and air. It is the physical quality of the soils that tells about soil drainability (Figure___). Slow to rapid permeability occurs in areas that cover 2,385.97 hectares and Barangay Bonbon is highly covered for 580.17 hectares. (Table __ and ___)
Infiltration is the downward entry of water into the soil. It determines the maximum rate at which water can enter the soil under specified conditions including the presence of an excess of water that is dependent on surface texture and structure. Very rapid infiltration occurs in 12 barangays except Barangay Bura and Panghiawan. This area covers 1,426.45 hectares or 27% of the total land area of the municipality.
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2.5.3 Hydrology
Water Resources
There are two types of major source of water in the municipality, ground water and surface water. These waters are abundant, clear and clean. There uses are either into domestic, recreation (tourism purposes), irrigation and some are not developed.
Groundwater
Sub-surface water available for development is normally referred to as groundwater. Groundwater predominantly results from precipitation that has reached the zone of saturation in the earth through infiltration and percolation.
The most promising source of groundwater in the area is the alluvial area that is presently tapped by few wells existing in the area. These are along the seashore possibly in the Barangays of Compol, Panghiawan, Lawigan, Catibac and Bonbon. There are still several artesian wells in Barangay Bonbon. One interesting thing is the presence of groundwater in the shoreline from Barangay Compol to Bonbon. Just a few inches dig of the sand beaches of these barangay, potable water (no salt intrusion) can be found. In emergency cases or before the install of big waterworks system, these springs become the emergency alternate source of potable and domestic water use.
Natural springs abound in the municipality. Santo Niño spring is utilized for recreation. The bigger springs such as Baksanon, Bae, Tag-ibo, Katughupan, Cabantian, Cabawan, Ohan and Mahidlao are tapped for domestic purposes. Water of soda quality is found in Barangay Mainit that was tapped for domestic purposes years ago and is used as source for Bura Soda Swimming Pool Resort.
Waterworks Systems
The municipality generally is supported by the Camiguin Integrated Waters Service Cooperative (CIWASCO) in its potable water requirement. This system is a grant from the Kingdom of Spain through Cooperacion de Espanola and the Republic of the Philippines.
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Mostly the upland areas of are not served the cooperative. The upland areas of Bura, Santo Nino, Liloan, Manduao, Poblacion, Alga and Tangaro experience water shortages. Their barangay waterworks systems are not efficient and have many problems on operation and maintenance.
The SALINTUBIG program of the DILG aids in Sitio Quilaa, Barangay Alga and the LGU provided fund support for the improvement of waterworks system in Sitio Guinsangol, Barangay Tangaro.
Figure 6 shows the location of springs and reservoirs which are the source of waters for municipal and barangay waterworks systems.
Figure 7 shows the waterworks systems in the municipality. As we can see from the map, the location of the waterworks systems is relative to the water source such as springs. There is no communal deep well or river source for waterworks system in the municipality.
Figure 6. Springs and Reservoir Map
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Despite several sources and bountiful source of water, the water shortages experienced in some barangays are due to the inefficient physical intake and distribution pipes. Some waterworks systems have old leaking intakes and dilapidated G.I. pipes. This problem is coupled with the old existing system of inefficiency of the Barangay Waterworks Association (BAWASA) operations. Most water shortages in these areas are the results of unchecked pipe leakages, damage taps and faucets, and the worst unabated flow of faucets for gardening.
In the case of Quidag-um, Alga and Guinsangol waterworks systems, they have water meters installed in each household but still experienced unequal distribution particularly during summer.
It is experienced by all waterworks operators that water source springs are vulnerable to climate change and a prolong El Nino phenomena affects the volume of water from source.
Figure ____. Infrastructure – Waterworks Map
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Surface Water
Water supply for plant and animal use may be obtained from stream channels and natural basins. These are withdrawn directly from the flow by construction of dam to raise the level of water as in the case of the Mainit communal irrigation system.
Catarman has many creeks and rivers that traverse the municipality. This includes Looc River, Diningasan, Timayog and Poblacion rivers. Others are dry and usually have run- off water during heavy rains only. These rivers are characterized by steep gradient in the upper part and gentle slope upon approaching the downstream sections. In terms of discharge, Diningasan River has the biggest discharge of 1,985 liters per second.
Figure ___. Rivers and Creeks Map
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CHAPTER III: CURRENT SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT CONDITIONS
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This pyramid of solid waste management is the existing concept followed by the local government with exception of incineration. Little has been done in source reduction and the greatest cost in landfill. The expenditures on the collection and transport of solid waste to the Provincial Land Fill Area almost entirely devour the allocation of Solid Waste Management Budget annually.
3.1 Institutional Arrangements
The Local Government Code mandates all local governments to deliver an effective and efficient solid waste management services to their constituents including the proper use of disposal facilities. LGUs receive an Internal Revenue Allotment from the National Government of which 20% may be allocated to development projects such as the upgrade of SWM services.
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Provincial Level
The Provincial Government has assumed various roles and responsibilities associated with the planning and development of the solid waste management system including:
❑ Establishment of the only Sanitary Landfill for the island;
❑ Provision of funds for workshops and trainings;
❑ Coordination with national line agencies ie. National Economic Development Authority (NEDA), Department of Environment & Natural Resources (DENR) and Department of Interior and the Local Government (DILG) as well as the private sector.
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Figure 4 MOA between LGUs for the Sanitary Landfill Benhaan, Mambajao, Camiguin
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Municipal Level
Waste management services is currently provided by the Municipal Government include:
❑ Provision of waste collection service;
❑ Provision of a designated disposal site;
❑ Implementation of necessary education and enforcement initiatives enacting the solid waste management ordinance;
❑ Barangay aid to establish material recovery facilities
Figure 6 Typical Municipal Organizational Structure
Mayor
Sangguniang Bayan
Planning Office Engineering Office Health Office
Sanitary Inspector, MENRO Designate
Waste collection Street Sweeping Waste Disposal
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Barangay Level
Barangay authorities also play a role in the development and implementation of waste management and sanitation services. Waste management services currently provided at the barangay level include:
❑ Presence of Material Recovery Facilities;
❑ Presence of BSWMC;
Ordinances
The Municipality of Catarman has enacted solid waste management ordinances, Municipal Ordinance No. 6, series of 2005, otherwise known as the “The Solid Waste Ordinance of 2005”. In summary, this ordinance specifies:
❑ Definition of waste/refuse
❑ Responsibility concerning the handling and storage of waste
❑ Responsibility concerning collection and disposal of waste
❑ Penalties
Although fragmented, the ordinance provides a framework for managing solid waste. However, due to a lack of infrastructure, educational services and personnel, the ordinances are not effectively implemented.
Revenue
The LGU Catarman, under the command of the Municipal Economic Enterprise and Development Office, implements a system for the collection of user chargers for solid waste. User chargers are applied to business establishments only, residential establishments are exempt. The charge to business establishments is collected upon renewal of their business license. The fee is equal to ______of the Business Tax.
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3.2 Inventory of Equipment and Staff
At present, the local government has only one (1) mini dump truck for garbage collection that can accommodate a maximum of 3-4 cu.m of garbage. For collection purposes, the LGU assigned one (1) driver for the dump truck, three (3) utility persons and four (4) street sweepers. All are on job-order employment. The Sanitary Health Inspector is designated as the MENRO.
3.3 Source Reduction
Ordinance No. 6, series of 2005 provides a framework for managing solid waste. However, due to a lack of infrastructure, educational services and personnel, the ordinances are not effectively implemented. Also, Mun. Ordinance No. 1, series of 2019, regulates the use of plastic sando bags as packaging materials and utilization of polystyrene, commonly known as styrofoam, for food and beverages container, the usage of such plastic products will be controlled and regulated.
Moreover, the PLGU conducts competitions participated by barangays (Bulawanong Barangay), schools (Bulawanong Paaralan) and LGUs promoting the “Plastic-free Camiguin” advocacy and promotion of waste reduction.
3.4 Collection
Solid waste collection in the municipality is operated solely by the Municipal Government. The service dump truck makes a route collection three (3) times a week routing at Barangay Poblacion and on Fridays on all barangays. At present, collection of un-
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segregated garbage is allowed. Considering its capacity, all other barangays have their wasted collected once a week.
Table ____. Current Schedule on Garbage Collection of the Municipality
Collection Routes Collection Vehicles Frequency Collection Routes Barangay MRF/ Request
1. Garbage Truck 1 MWF Route 1 Poblacion
2. Garbage Truck 1 F Route 2 All barangays
3.5 Transfer
At present, there are no Transfer Stations in the Municipality.
3.6 Processing Facilities
The garbage transported into the Provincial Land Fill Area undergo processing. The temporary dumping area is the segregation area, where personnel of the facility took the process of segregating. The LGU has a Vermi Composting Facility in Compol, Catarman, Camiguin and a shredder machine. Moreover, all barangays have their own respective material recovery facilities. However, these facilities are not properly used and are left unused that is left unused for the purpose since they were constructed through a project funded by the Australian Government.
Brgy. Mainit MRF Brgy. Catibac MRF Organic Fertilizer Laboratory
Mainit, Catarman Catibac, Catarman Compol, Catarman
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3.7 Final Disposal
Description of facilities
The final disposal facility is the clustered sanitary landfill owned and manage by the Provincial Government of Camiguin.
Recyclable materials are separated, and the rest are pushed by a bulldozer to a lined-pit hole. Once the pit is full, this is fully covered with soil materials. Another pit is again dug up and use for the remaining garbage.
List of facilities:
◦ 1 sanitary landfill owned and manage by the provincial government located at Benhaan, Mambajao, Camiguin. ◦ 1-unit bio-degradable shredder machine owned by province. ◦ 1 unit non bio-degradable shredder machine owned by province. ◦ 1-unit bioreactor for organic fertilizer owned by province. ◦ 1-unit plastic densifier owned by province. ◦ 1-unit 3-4 cu.m. capacity mini dump truck owned by the municipal government of Catarman ◦ 1-unit bio-degradable shredder machine owned by municipal government of Catarman
Evaluation of the situation of scavengers/waste pickers:
We cannot evaluate about the situation of scavengers or waste pickers at the provincial landfill area as the municipality has no hands on its operation.
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3.8 Special Wastes
3.8.1 Health Care Wastes
The Municipal/Rural Health Unit is the only department of the municipal government who produces health care waste; this Rural Health Unit caters Birthing Home/Lying-in, TB DOTS and Immunization. They have their own septic vault for health care wastes which has two (2) compartments; first compartment is for sharp material such as needles, stool specimen, and TB sputum and the second is for placenta. Moreover, the LGU provides a receptacle exclusively for Special Wastes from households.
3.9 Markets for Recyclables
While the households perform minimal waste segregation particularly on plastics, metals and glass bottles, a commercial entity buy these items in an irregular basis. The enterprise is based in Mambajao, Camiguin.
3.10 IEC
At present, the LGU spearheads the conduct of Information, Education, Communication (IEC) Campaign through its MENRO Designate, which is lodged under the responsibility of the Mun. Sanitary Inspector. IEC campaigns are done at the purok level and are integrated during the conduct of Barangay Assemblies of all the barangays. The IEC campaigns focused on the orientation and importance of RA 9003.
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3.11 Costs and Revenues
Present garbage collection has an appropriation of P400,000.00 for the last three years. Annual appropriation is taken from the 20% of the IRA development fund. Expenses include, wages of one driver and three (3) laborers and operation and maintenance of one (1) unit dump truck.
Revenues from the garbage collection is lodge among commercial establishment who pays an annual fee of ______during their annual business permit licensing. Collection started only in 2014. Table ___ shows data on cost and revenue on SWM. Annual revenue is just a pigment of the cost on annual solid waste Management.
Table_____. Cost and Revenue on SWM
Year Annual Revenue Annual Expenditures Difference 2016 17,700.00 380,540.00 -362,840.00 2017 21,050.00 391,848.00 -370,798.00 2018 21,500.00 429,726.00 -408,226.00
3.12 Key Issues
Institutional
• The LGU Catarman is constrained by the limited financial resources to upgrade existing waste management services including expansion of the collection system and the provision of sanitary disposal facilities. Garbage collection cannot be done effectively and efficiently. High SWM cost yet low revenue;
• MENRO is a designate. There is a need to assign a permanent waste management staff to focus and man the municipality’s solid waste management and require continued training in the social, economic and environmental aspects of waste management;
• Benefits of involving non-governmental and community-based organizations are not fully realized;
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Waste Storage
• All 14 barangays have their own respective MRFs although existing routine collection make these MRFs inefficient.
• There is a need for additional communal storage bins and litter bins in commercial areas and proper placement of these bins. The present waste storage is not always convenient for the serviced population resulting in the dumping of waste on vacant land and in drains.
• The volumetric capacity of waste storage needs to be significantly increased in domestic and commercial areas in accordance with the expansion of the waste collection system.
• The design of the storage methods needs to be modified to improve collection efficiency, sanitary conditions and extend the lifetime of the facilities. The existing design of communal storage facilities is subject to high collection costs, odor, attraction of rodents and vectors, theft, destruction and overturning.
Waste Collection
• The coverage of the collection service needs to be significantly expanded;
• No routine collection service is provided for sanitation waste from septic tanks and sediments from open drains;
• Maintenance schedules need to be implemented for the collection fleet to reduce downtime and delays arising from lack of spare parts.
Waste Recycling & Reuse
• Waste reduction, recycling and reuse is struggling due to lack of infrastructure, institutional framework, incentives and education campaigns.
• There is a need to conduct research for appropriate technologies on recyclable
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and reusable waste/garbage for local utilization.
• No municipal strategies or incentives provided to the private sector and peoples’ organizations for expansion of the existing bottle, metal and plastic recycling program.
Waste Disposal
• Communities provided with a limited waste collection system, disposal of waste by uncontrolled dumping and burning on vacant land, the seashore, in surface waters and drains. This has both adverse environmental and social/health impacts.
• The designated and existing waste disposal sites have limited life span for the continued dumping of waste. Continued uncontrolled dumping will add to the cost of remediating/rehabilitating these sites – these costs can easily exceed the total lifetime capital and operating costs of a controlled disposal site.
• No existing and suitable facilities for the disposal of the small quantity of hazardous waste produced mainly by health care institutions.
• There is a need to develop a disposal facility that conforms to the established standards of the government.
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CHAPTER IV: WASTE CHARACTERISTICS
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Waste Assessment and Characterization System (WACS)
Waste characterization identifies waste by volume, percentage weight and its volumetric equivalent, material type and generation source which includes residential, commercial, institution, and public market. Waste Assessment and Characterization System (WACS) is a guiding tool that could help us analyzing the generated wastes to handle it up the proper waste management pursuant to Republic Act 9003.
The local government of Catarman conducted a three-day (3) WACS operation with 30 household cooperators as distributed in fourteen (14) barangays. Other samples were taken from non-households such as business establishments, institutions, and public market.
Table ___. Waste Generation based on WACS
Special TOTAL WASTE Sector Bio (kg) % Rec (kg) % Res (kg) % Wastes (kg) % PER SECTOR % Total Residential 51.22 57.14% 27.03 30.15% 9.92 11.06% 1.48 1.65% 89.64 100.00% commercial 16.90 18.41% 29.25 31.87% 32.63 35.55% 13.00 14.16% 91.78 100.00% Institution 7.72 29.15% 7.20 27.19% 11.16 42.15% 0.40 1.51% 26.48 100.00% Market 37.10 77.70% 1.32 2.76% 9.33 19.54% 0.00 0.00% 47.75 100.00% RHU 0.00 0.00% 0.00 0.00% 0.00 0.00% 5.57 100.00% 5.57 100.00%
TOTAL 112.94 64.80 63.04 20.44 261.22
The actual waste characterization conducted by the Municipality is composed mostly of biodegradable materials followed by recyclables, residuals and special waste as shown in the table above. Based from the data, the per capita waste generation is 0.20 kg/day and the annual waste generation per capita is at 3,743.11 kg./day
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4.1 Disposed Waste
The actual volume collected in the LGU is 122.62 kgs./day and about 22 percent or equivalent to 27.23kgs/day are disposed to the landfill.
Sector Per capita Total wastes Bio Rec Res Spe Residential 0.20 3,319.12 1,896.54 1,000.85 367.13 54.62 commercial 2.35 282.40 52.00 90.00 100.40 40.00 Institution 2.21 88.27 25.73 24.00 37.20 1.33 Market 47.75 47.75 37.1 1.32 9.33 - RHU 5.57 5.57 - - - 5.57 Total 3,743.11 2,011.37 1,116.17 514.06 101.52 % Composition by Waste type 53.74% 29.82% 13.73% 2.71%
Sector Bio (kgs/day) % Composition Rec (kgs/day) % Composition Res (kgs/day) % CompositionSpec (kgs/day) % Composition
Residential 1,896.54 94.29% 1,000.85 89.67% 367.13 71.42% 54.62 53.80% commercial 52.00 2.59% 90.00 8.06% 100.40 19.53% 40.00 39.40% Institution 25.73 1.28% 24.00 2.15% 37.20 7.24% 1.33 1.31% Market 37.10 1.84% 1.32 0.12% 9.33 1.81% - 0.00%
RHU - 0.00% - 0.00% - 0.00% 5.57 5.48% Total 2,011.37 100.00% 1,116.17 100.00% 514.06 100.00% 101.52 100.00%
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Waste generation per sector
commercial Market 7.54% 1.28%
RHU Institution 0.15% 2.36% Residential commercial Institution Residential Market 88.67% RHU
Figure 2. Graphical Presentation on Quantity of Disposed Waste by Sector
Waste Generation Projection
TOTAL TOTAL YEAR POPULATION BIO REC RES SPEC (KGS/DAY) (tpy)
2019 16,662 2011.37 1116.17 514.06 101.52 3,743.11 1,366.23
2020 16,941 2045.03 1134.85 522.66 103.21 3,805.75 1,389.10
2021 17,225 2079.26 1153.84 531.41 104.94 3,869.44 1,412.35
2022 17,513 2114.06 1173.15 540.30 106.70 3,934.20 1,435.98
2023 17,806 2149.44 1192.78 549.34 108.48 4,000.04 1,460.02
2024 18,104 2185.41 1212.75 558.54 110.30 4,066.99 1,484.45
2025 18,407 2221.98 1233.04 567.88 112.15 4,135.05 1,509.29
2026 18,715 2259.17 1253.68 577.39 114.02 4,204.26 1,534.55
2027 19,028 2296.98 1274.66 587.05 115.93 4,274.62 1,560.24
2028 19,347 2335.42 1295.99 596.87 117.87 4,346.16 1,586.35
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4.2 Diverted Waste
The LGU’s total waste diversion in 2018 is 51.47% wherein compostable wastes remain the largest component of the LGU’s waste composition. In 2018, a total of 1,926.39 kgs are diverted. Biodegradables are diverted through backyard and household composting. Recyclable wastes are diverted through junk shops and used in activities such as Bulawanong Barangay. Junkshops have roles also in waste diversion as they regularly come to the municipal MRF to buy recyclable materials commonly cans, plastics, bottles etc. Around 98% of residuals are delivered to the SLF.
Waste Diverted (KGS/DAY)
BIO REC RES SPL TOT 1,307.37 613.88 5.14 - 1,926.39
4.2.1 Waste Diversion Projection
YEAR POPULATION TOTAL WASTE WASTE WASTE % WASTE GENERATION DISPOSED DIVERTED DIVERTED
2018 16662 2,011.34 1,816.66 1,926.39 51.47%
2019 16941 2,045.00 1,656.16 2,149.54 56.48%
2020 17225 2,079.23 1,563.81 2,305.58 59.59%
2021 17513 2,114.02 1,512.50 2,421.64 61.55% 2,149.40 1,413.70 2,586.29 64.66% 2022 17806
2023 18104 2,185.38 1,289.31 2,777.63 68.30%
2024 18407 2,221.95 1,204.79 2,930.20 70.86%
2025 18715 2,259.14 1,066.13 3,138.06 74.64%
2026 19028 2,296.94 974.31 3,300.25 77.21%
2027 19347 2,335.39 702.80 3,643.30 83.83%
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4.3 Generated Waste
As we get the 10-year projected waste generation, we simply multiply the waste generate rate of 0.20 x the projected population starting 2018 up to 2027. By this, the projected waste generation of the municipality in 2018 must have been 3.33 tons/day and by the year 2027 the projected waste generation is around 3.87 tons/day.
Table 6. Ten-Year Projected Waste Generation
Projected Waste Generation
Year Population Volume (kgs/day)
2018 16662 3,743.05
2019 16941 3,805.70
2020 17225 3,869.39
2021 17513 3,934.15
2022 17806 3,999.99
2023 18104 4,066.93
2024 18407 4,134.99
2025 18715 4,204.20
2026 19028 4,274.56
2027 19347 4,346.10
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CHAPTER V: LEGAL / INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
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5.1 Local Laws and Regulations
ORDINANCE NO. TITLE STATUS
- Municipal Solid An Ordinance Regulating Active Waste Ordinance the Solid Waste No. 6, series of 2005 Management and Disposal in the Municipality of Catarman, Camiguin
- Municipal Ordinance An Ordinance Prohibiting Active No. 1, series of 2019 Use of Styrofoam and Plastic Bags on Dry Goods and Regulating its Utilization on Wet Goods within the Municipality of Catarman and Prescribing Penalties Thereof
5.2 Roles
5.2.1 Solid Waste Management Board
• Develop the SWM Plan that will ensure the long-term management of solid waste, as well as integrate the various solid waste management plans and strategies of the barangays of the municipality;
• Adopt specific revenue-generating measures to promote the viability of its SWM plan;
• Develop the specific mechanics and guidelines for the implementation of the municipal SWM plan;
• Oversee the implementation of the municipal SWM plan;
• Monitor the implementation of the municipal solid waste management plan through its various political subdivisions and in cooperation with the private sector and non-government organizations (NGOs);
• Coordinate the efforts of the component barangays in the implementation of the plan;
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• Recommend to appropriate local government authorities specific measures or proposals for franchise or build-operate-transfer agreement with duly recognized institutions to provide either exclusive or non-exclusive authority for the collection, transfer, storage, processing, recycling or disposal of solid wastes;
• Review every two years or as the need arises the municipal SWM plan for purposes of ensuring sustainability, viability, effectiveness and relevance in relation to local and international developments in the field of SWM;
• Adopt measure to promote and ensure the viability and effective implementation of solid waste management in component barangays;
• Convene regular meetings for purposes of planning and coordinating the implementation of the SWM plans of the respective component barangays;
• Provide the necessary logistical and operational support to component barangays in consonance with the Local Government Code; and
• Recommend measures and safeguards against pollution and for the preservation of the natural ecosystem.
• Set guidelines and targets for solid waste avoidance and volume reduction through source reduction and waste minimization measures, including composting, recycling, reuse, recovery, green charcoal process, and others, before collection, treatment and disposal in appropriate and environmentally-sound solid waste management facilities in accordance with ecologically sustainable development principles;
• Ensure the proper segregation, collection, transport, storage, treatment and disposal of solid waste through the formulation and adoption of the best environmental practices in ecological waste management excluding incineration;
• Recommends the institutionalize public participation in the development and implementation of national and local integrated, comprehensive and ecological waste management programs;
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5.2.2 Roles of the LGU
- Efficient collection, proper transfer and transport of wastes
- Efficient management of residuals and of final disposal facility
5.2.3 Role of the Barangay
- Resource recovery, recycling and reuse, and composting of wastes at the barangay level;
5.2.4 Roles of Stakeholders
- Minimization of wastes generated at source;
- Segregation at source
5.3 Municipal Solid Waste Management Board
The Solid Waste Management Board, created under Executive Order No. 05, series of 2019, is the policy-making body which sets the overall solid waste management program thrust geared towards the institutionalization and ensures sustainability of its operation in accordance with the Municipality’s 10-Year Solid Waste Management Plan which is in harmony with the provision of R.A. 9003 and other environmental related laws.
5.3.1 Members of the Municipal Solid Waste Management Board
• Municipal Mayor, Chairperson • SB Member, Committee on Environmental Protection • SWM Officer • MPDC, Secretariat • ABC President • SK Mun. Federation President • Municipal Engineer
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• MLGOO • Mun. Agriculturist • MAFC President (NGO) • Representative, ALDAC’s Scrap
5.3.2 Ecological Solid Waste Management – Technical Working Group
• MENRO Designate • MPDC • Municipal Engineer • Private Secretary • MDRRMO II • CRMO Designate • Municipal Budget Officer • DepEd District Supervisor • Mun. Tourism Officer – Designate
5.3.3 Activities of the Municipal Solid Waste Management Board
ACTIVITY SCHEDULE REMARKS
Quarterly Meeting July 20, 2018
Quarterly Meeting December 2018
5.4 Barangay Solid Waste Management Committees
All 14 barangay have their own committees of solid waste management under the Sangguniang Barangay as mandated by law, or the RA 9003. However, recent assessment shows committees were created but not active. Non-activity can be shown by the fact that after their creation there are no further activities conducted.
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The sad fate is that most of the barangays depends on the activity of the municipal government on solid waste management.
The function of the barangay solid waste management committees is:
• Formulate solid waste management program consistent with municipal plan;
• Segregation and collection of biodegradables, compostable, reusable waste;
• Establish Material Recovery Facility (MRF);
• Allocate and look for sources of funds for SWM;
• Organize core coordinators;
• Submit monthly report to MSWMB
5.5 Stakeholder’s Participation
Several Activities of stakeholders must be conducted which the LGU has to lead:
Resources Responsible Activities Expected Output Needed Person
- Strategy on Stakeholders workshop Training fund, Implementation of conducted – strategies LCE supplies the ordinance identified
- Legislation of Environmental Fee Public hearing MTO, SB environmental Fee legislated fund
- Material Recovery 14 barangay MRF and 1 Aid to Facilities MPDC, LCE municipal MRF barangays construction
- Arrangement of Provincial land Fill MOA, tipping fee LCE Area
- Procurement of Source of fund, Type Additional and specification for Fund LCE Equipment dump truck, compactor,
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shredder
- Establishment of One vermi culture vermi culture project established in Design, Fund MAO center Municipal Nursery
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CHAPTER VI PLAN STRATEGY
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Solid waste management of the municipality since the enactment of the Municipal Ecological Solid Waste Manager Ordinance No. 06, series of 2005 had been in a dismal state of implementation. The bulk of the SWM system had been on collection of mixed solid waste into the old dumpsite in Barangay Mainit. This was closed upon instruction of the DENR-EMB Region 10.
In 2013, the plan of the five (5) municipality of the island of Camiguin pushed through with the establishment of the only sanitary landfill area of the island in Barangay Benhaan, Mambajao, Camiguin through a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) by and between the Provincial Government and the Municipal LGUs.
This updated 10-year SWM Plan will start with new strategies by overhauling the present system. This will involve greater participation of the barangays, institutions, commercial establishments and institutions handling special wastes. Final disposal of the solid waste will end at the Provincial Landfill Area as agreed. Activities from source generation, segregation, collection, and transport shall be the focus of this plan.
6.1 Vision
Vision: “IMPROVE QUALITY OF LIFE”
So much definition of this “quality of life” have been in the stream, however the municipality envision a quality of life that is free of diseases and illness caused by the effect of neglected solid waste. There may be so much causes of illness and diseases, but those caused by neglected solid waste can be caused also by neglect of the roles of the society and institutions in controlling solid waste accumulation in the environment.
It is an improvement, not in the sense that present situation is worst. Catarman at present enjoys a quality of life of a rural community but the influx of tourist activities may in the long run spoils what the community have enjoyed nowadays. Every person is a generator of waste, an increase in visitor’s presence may contribute to increase solid waste thrown in our backyard. This is notwithstanding the increase of population due to natural growth with the municipality experienced a population growth of 0.9%.
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Goal: Improve and sustain cleanliness of the environment
One of the simplest terms used by the technical working group of this plan, use the word cleanliness. Improving what is present now and sustain it for the next ten years is a goal quite achievable. This can be achieved by focusing on targets and the use of strategies to accomplish annually.
6.2 Targets
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DIVERSION TARGET, PER YEAR Municipality of Catarman, Camiguin
TOT Waste RES TOT TOT WASTE Generation BIO Diverted REC REC Diverted RES Diverted SPL WASTE DIVERSION YEAR POPULATION (kg/day) BIO (kg/day) Diversion % (kg/day) (kg/day) Diversion % (kg/day) (kg/day) Diversion % (kg/day) (kg/day) Diversion % SPL Diverted DIVERTED (%) 2018 16,662 3,743.05 2,011.34 65% 1,307.37 1,116.15 55% 613.88 514.05 1% 5.14 101.51 - - 1,926.39 51.47% 2019 16,941 3,805.70 2,045.00 76% 1,554.20 1,134.83 52% 590.11 522.65 1% 5.23 103.21 - - 2,149.54 56.48% 2020 17,225 3,869.39 2,079.23 79% 1,642.59 1,153.82 57% 657.68 531.40 2% 10.63 104.94 - - 2,310.90 59.72% 2021 17,513 3,934.15 2,114.02 81% 1,712.36 1,173.13 60% 703.88 540.29 2% 10.81 106.70 - - 2,427.04 61.69% 2022 17,806 3,999.99 2,149.40 84% 1,805.50 1,192.77 65% 775.30 549.34 4% 21.97 108.48 - - 2,602.77 65.07% 2023 18,104 4,066.93 2,185.38 88% 1,923.13 1,212.73 70% 848.91 558.53 4% 22.34 110.30 - - 2,794.38 68.71% 2024 18,407 4,134.99 2,221.95 90% 1,999.75 1,233.02 75% 924.77 567.88 6% 34.07 112.14 - - 2,958.60 71.55% 2025 18,715 4,204.20 2,259.14 94% 2,123.59 1,253.66 80% 1,002.93 577.38 6% 34.64 114.02 - - 3,161.16 75.19% 2026 19,028 4,274.56 2,296.94 96% 2,205.07 1,274.64 85% 1,083.45 587.04 8% 46.96 115.93 - - 3,335.48 78.03%
2027 19,347 4,346.10 2,335.39 100% 2,335.39 1,295.97 100% 1,295.97 596.87 10% 59.69 117.87 - - 3,691.05 84.93%
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6.3 Strategies
6.3.1 Waste Reduction at Source
▪ Massive IEC down to household level on segregation at source; ▪ Strict implementation of Mun. Ordinance No. 06, series of 2005 and Mun. Ordinance No. 1, series of 2019; ▪ Reactivate barangay SWM committees for involvement of segregation campaign and composting; ▪ Encourage community participation and empowerment through livelihood opportunities tying up with concerned NGAs to come up with a project turning trash to income; ▪ Implementation of an incentive strategy through competition such as but not limited to Bulawanong Barangay and Bulawanong Paaralan to educate and encourage waste segregation and waste reduction
6.3.2 Segregated Collection
▪ Beef up eco-aide for segregated garbage collection ▪ Formulate database for effective collection route and schedule ▪ Formulate database for the SWM Plan implementation and monitoring
6.3.3 Disposal
▪ Implement disposal system of only residual waste to the Provincial Landfill area;
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Chapter VII: SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
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The following sections are the detailed description of each program that will be implemented to reach the objectives and targets defined in Chapter 6.
Figure ____ Solid Waste Management Hierarchy
This solid waste management hierarchy is the guiding principle in establishing the activities of the plan. Highly preferred is source reduction, reuse and recycling. Further least preference goes to waste disposal, either by resource recovery or incineration. The least preferred is landfilling. What has been practiced by LGU is the reversed in which landfill disposal is done, that cost a lot.
7.1 Source Reduction
Based on section 1 DAO-IRR of R.A 9003, Volume Reduction at source is the main objective of the Integrated Ecological solid waste management system. That all constituents shall promote and be responsible for sorting and segregation of biodegradable and non-biodegradable recyclable waste at the household in barangay level and all other sources such as markets, commercial, institution, schools, hospitals and industry.
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The Plan is to reduce the amount of waste disposed by diverting more than 50% of all Solid Waste from the Material Recovery and Composting Facility through Re cycling and Composting activities and possible resource recovery activities of Barangay MRF, as provided in Section 17, 20 o f R. A 9003 .
Since the percentage of biodegradable in WACS comes to 52%, it most convenient to conclude that these materials must be addressed, and methods be determined to reduce accumulation by 100% by the end of the planning period. Meaning, that from the beginning of 52%, at least by the end of 10 years, the biodegradable waste can become 100% diverted in the next WACS.
At the top of the hierarchy of proper waste disposal is Source Reduction - defined as:
▪ Changing the design, production, purchasing method or use of materials in order to reduce its waste potential;
▪ Any effort to reduce, at the source, the quantity of waste generated, toxic chemicals used or released into the environment;
▪ Eliminating waste and the use of less packaging;
▪ Changing the design of products and packaging to decrease potential waste before it's created;
▪ Buying items in less packaging and purchasing non-toxic alternatives
Plans for Waste Reduction at Source:
1. Institutionalization of SWM to all sectors at the barangay level constituents involves in proper handling and collection system of garbage generated at source by having alternative measure how to keep and process own waste.
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2. Educate thru information how to han dle organic compost material mostly generated at the household like kitchen waste, papers and cartoons for alternative decomposition procedure and re-using.
3. Institute a policy and ordinance to the barangay solid waste management initiating B a r a n g a y M R F a n d committee on collection methods to support the mandatory activity of recycling, composting and re -using in promotion to practice clean production system at source.
4. Strengthening market availability for recovered recyclable materials like bottles, broken plastic, scrap steel at source.
5. Assist the barangay committee thru IEC to practice and encourage backyards composting and 4R’s (Refuse, Reduce, Re-use, Recycle).
6. Through the efforts of education and information campaign with t h e coordination of barangay committee in all sectors to minimize use of plastic and /or recycle and re-used otherwise used biodegradable wrappers such as basket bag.
7. Institute a policy of an accord ordinance at barangay level that “Polluters Must Pay”.
8. Institute a policy to assist each barangay in planning solid waste management
9. Encourage through “Plastic Mo, Bigas Ko” Policy wherein in every 2 kilos of plastics is equivalent to one (1) sack of rice
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Target Programs/Activities Time Frame Output Stakeholders
• Reactivation of Barangay Committee on BSWMC 2019-2020 Solid Waste institutionalized Management
• Households Orientation on composting of kitchen waste, p a p e r s Orientation and cartoons 2019-2021 conducted f o r alternative decomposition procedure and re-using.
• Barangay Ordinance formulation Barangay Barangays Material Recovery Facility and committee on collection methods to Barangay MRFs support the 2020-2021 in placed and mandatory activity operational of recycling, composting and re - using in promotion to practice clean production system at source.
• Creation of a Municipal MTWG created, 2020 Technical Group on BSWMC
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Target Programs/Activities Time Frame Output Stakeholders
SWM to assist barangay assisted on source reduction
• Institutionalization of Bulawanong Bulawanong Barangay Barangay to be incorporated 2020-2027 Competition during Catarman Day conducted Celebration
• Institutionalize “Plastic 2020-2027 Mo, Bigas Mo”
Plastic-free • Conduct of “Plastic-Free 2020 Camiguin as an Catarman” Program ordinance
Orientation • Orientation on 4R's 2020 conducted
Ricorida • Ricorida 2019-2027 conducted Market
• Billboards, signages Installed IEC 2019-2027 installation materials
• Production and Distributed flyers 2019-2027 distribution of flyers on SWM
Campaigns • Stall-to-store campaign 2019-2020 conducted
MRF to all • Construction of MRF in 3. Schools 2021-2022 Schools every schools constructed and
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Target Programs/Activities Time Frame Output Stakeholders
operational
• Institutionalization of Bulawanong Bulawanong Paaralan to Paaralan be incorporated during 2020 Competition Catarman Day conducted Celebration
4. Institutions • SWM IEC 2019-2027 IEC conducted
• Households ◦ Reduce the need for ’single use’ plastic bags by bringing one's own bags when one must shop, and to use a travel mug when you buy coffee ◦ Choose durable, reusable products to make less trash. ◦ When choosing between two similar products, select the one with the least unnecessary packaging. ◦ When appropriate, use products you already have on hand to do household chores. Using these products can save on the packaging associated with additional products. ◦ Recognize and support store managers when they stock products with no packaging or reduced packaging. ◦ Consider large or economy-sized items for household products that are used frequently, such as laundry soap, shampoo, baking soda, pet foods, and cat litter. These sizes usually have less packaging per unit of product. ◦ Consider whether concentrated products are appropriate for your needs. They often require less packaging and less energy to transport to the store, saving money as well as natural resources. ◦ Whenever possible, select grocery, hardware, and household items that is available in bulk. Bulk merchandise also may be shared with friends or neighbors. ◦ Reducing Tree, Yard and Food Waste:
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▪ Consider composting yard waste and food waste. ▪ Practice grass-cycling which leaves grass clippings on our yards. ▪ Consider mulching your tree limbs.
• Commercial establishments ◦ Let clerks know when it's not necessary to double wrap a purchase.
• Schools and offices ◦ Reducing Paper Consumption: ▪ Elect to opt out of junk mail, yellow pages, magazines, etc. ▪ Print drafts on blank used paper or better yet develop work from your computer only. ▪ Print and make copies on front and back of paper. ▪ Reduce font sizes and expand margins to decrease volume of documents. ▪ Store files electronically and not a paper copy. ▪ Communicate through voice or by electronic methods.
Food waste, tree leaves, cut grasses, paper and cartoon packages should be reduced at source and some must be diverted to composting at home or taken by the LGU for vermi culture
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Diversion Methods or Programs to be undertaken:
Other possible Materials / Activities Methods Diversion Equipment Needed Methods
Source Reduction
• Public address Assembly • IEC campaign Posters system meetings • service vehicle
• Organic MOA with Legislation Wrapping Establishments
Segregation at Households
Vermi culture at • Food waste Home composting Shredder Nursery
• Yard waste Home composting Tree mulching
• Cut tree branches and Home Composting Tree mulching leaves
• Cut grasses Home Composting Grass-cycling
• Paper and Source reduction cartoons
• Plastic wrapper Reuse or Source reduction and bottles collection
Segregation at Commercial Establishments
• Food waste Vermi culture Shredder
• Cartoons and Vermi culture papers
• Yard waste Vermi culture
• Cut or trim
grasses
• Plastic wrapper Junkshops and bottles
Segregation at Offices and schools
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Other possible Materials / Activities Methods Diversion Equipment Needed Methods
• Food waste Vermi culture
• Cartoons and Vermi culture papers
• Yard waste Vermi culture
• Cut or trim
grasses
• Plastic wrapper Reuse or
and bottles collection
The LGU, through its MENRO, will be spearheading the information education campaign on the diversion methods at source. Budget will focus on printing of flyers and brochures, to include expenses for snacks during the IEC. Collective effort will be done by participation and social responsibility of all everyone. Necessary mechanisms shall be implemented, partnerships will be forged with junk shops. By 2027, it is to be assumed that diversion rate will be up to 84%.
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7.2 Collection
7.2.1 Overview
Waste collection is the collection of solid waste from point of production (residential, industrial commercial, institutional) to the point of treatment or disposal. Municipal solid waste is collected in several ways:
• House-to-House: Waste collectors visit each individual house to collect garbage. The user generally pays a fee for this service.
• Community Bins: Users bring their garbage to community bins that are placed at fixed points in a neighborhood or locality. MSW is picked up by the municipality, or its designate, according to a set schedule.
• Curbside Pick-Up: Users leave their garbage directly outside their homes
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according to a garbage pick-up schedule set with the local authorities (secondary house-to-house collectors not typical).
• Self-Delivered: Generators deliver the waste directly to disposal sites or transfer stations or hire third-party operators (or the municipality).
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Figure _____ Schematic Diagram of Solid Waste Management Plan
Waste Segregation at Source
Recyclables / Special Waste Mixed compostable Residual Waste (Paper, Plastic, Glass, Metal)
Municipal Collection Barangay Collection
From Establishments From Public Places Handling From Households Special waste
1. Schools 1. Individual Bins 1. Hardware 2. Market 2. Gasoline Stations 2. Communal Bins
3. Stores 3. Motor Repair Shop 4. Offices 4. Hospitals
5. Others 5. Slaughterhouse 6. Others
Non-recyclables MRF - Barangay
Provincial Land Fill Area Junkshops
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7.2.2 Collection and Equipment and Route
In pursuing the arrangement of collection, the municipal government shall purchase additional units of dump trucks to collect and transport residual and special solid waste covering the whole barangays of Catarman. The other truck will be used to collect the materials in the MRFs.
Collection Routes Collection Routes Collection Vehicles Frequency Barangay MRF/ Poblacion Request
1. Garbage Truck # 1 Daily Route 1 North Barangays
2. Garbage Truck # 2 Daily Route 2 South Barangays
SCHEDULE WASTE CLASSIFICATION
MONDAYS DI MALATA (lata, plastic, butilya, cellophane)
TUESDAYS MALATA (dahon, panit sa sa prutas ug gulay)
WEDNESDAYS Karton, papel
THURSDAYS Diaper, napkin
FRIDAYS
Further, upland barangays will be assisted in the construction of a Residual Containment Area for easier collection.
7.2.3 Private Collection Service
The municipality does not have the plan on hiring of private collection services to carry out collection of waste in designated areas. This is based on the idea that the volume of waste for collection can still be within the financial capability of the LGU.
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7.2.4 Storage and Setout
For Residential Areas
• The concerned resident shall ensure that the solid wastes are bought out in front of his gate or door and along the collection route of the collection vehicle, during the collection period; • The concerned resident shall report to the Municipal Environment Management Office or concerned official for any uncollected solid waste within the vicinity of the residence; • Garbage, not segregated and placed in approved containers, shall not be collected; • The specific date and hour of garbage collection locations shall be scheduled and announced.
For Commercial Areas
• The owner, operator or lessee of any enterprise shall be responsible for the timely positioning of stored solid wastes during the collection period, which shall be made known in advance by the proper authorities, which shall likewise assist, wherever necessary means of loading wastes for collection purposes; and • The person concerned shall remind the Solid Waste Management Unit of San Carlos the collection of uncollected solid wastes and other related matters
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How to set out garbage, recycling, and green waste for collection
To make sure your garbage, recycling or green waste gets collected, follow these guidelines:
• Place bins, grey box, blue box, and yellow bag in such a way that the Municipal’s collection crews can access them. • Keep items that are not accepted out of your bins, grey box, blue box, and yellow bag. • Set out your bins, boxes, and bag by 7:00am on collection day.
Steps to set out your bins, boxes, and recycling bags
Space it
Place your bins so that there is approximately 1 m (3 ft) of space on all sides, and 3 m (10 ft) of clearance above.
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Line up your recycling
Place your yellow bag between your grey box and your blue box, not across the top of them. Allow 1 m (3 ft) between your recycling containers and your Green Bin and garbage bin.
Remove obstacles
Make sure there are no obstacles in the way of the collection truck.
7.2.5 Segregated recyclables
Segregated recyclables at home shall be set out in collections and shall be collected and transported to the Barangay Materials Recovery Facilities by the concerned households. It is further recommended that each barangay shall collect segregated materials in households on a regular basis.
Segregated recyclable wastes should be duly segregated and shall be placed in an enclosed bag prior to their storage in the assigned receptacles within the premises of the households, establishments and other institutions for either direct sale to junkshops and or barangay collection for depository in their respective barangay MRF.
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7.2.6 Segregated compostable
Segregated compostable shall be set out in collection bins if the households select collection for transport in the LGU nursery compost areas. For those selected for home composting, the segregated compostable shall be the responsibility of the owners.
All biodegradable materials will be collected by the Municipal and will be composted either by windrow, vermi-composting or other practical and appropriate composting technologies available. However, the respective barangays should encourage to the processing of their green generated wastes. The necessary carbon material for enhancing digestion such as; sawdust, or sugar cane tops will be introduced in the biodegradable waste pile windrows.
7.2.7 Mixed Solid waste / residuals
Mixed solid waste or residuals shall not be collected by the LGU.
7.3 Segregation, Recycling and Composting
In this plan, sorting or segregation, recycling and composting is the responsibility of the Barangay. Strategies must be clear as to the roles of the barangay and how the municipal government comes in.
7.3.1 Segregation
At the barangay level, households shall play a major role in segregation as they are one of the biggest generators of waste so to speak. Strategies should include the following:
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1. Barangay Ordinance on collection system:
a. Not to throw any solid waste in the neighborhood, on the streets, open spaces, and vacant lands, into the drains or water bodies. b. Keep food waste/biodegradable waste in a non-corrosive container with a cover (lid) and directly pour in a compost area once full. COMPOST IN A HOME shall be promoted in this ordinance. c. Keep, dry/recyclable waste in a bin/bag or a sack and voluntarily bring them to the MRF d. Keep domestic hazardous waste when generated separately for disposal at specially notified locations.
2. Establish and operate Material Recovery Facility:
a. Appoint eco-waste household collector b. Provide incentive to eco-waste collector by giving the sale of recovery material c. Set out time and location of household collection of segregated waste for collection d. Sorting at the MRF by eco-waste collector
3. Collection of unsaleable materials by the municipal government on set out time
4. Contract agreement with private buyer for the buy-out of saleable materials in the MRF
7.3.2 Recycling
• 4 R's (Refuse, Reuse, Reduce, Recycle)
• One of the major components of waste management is recycling. The identified recyclable materials at the household level will be brought mainly to the Barangay MRF (Barangay collection) to be picked up by the junkshops. The recyclables collected by the
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Municipal will be brought to the Central MRF. The remaining recyclables (e.g. plastics, sando bags, etc.) will be deposited to the Central MRF for future processing and recycling. As part of the recycling strategy the LGU recommend amendments to building ordinances, requiring newly constructed buildings to provide storage space, devices or systems that will facilitate source separation and storage of designated recyclable materials
7.3.3 Composting / Management of Biodegradable Waste
• Mulching
• All biodegradable materials that will be collected by the LGU will be composted either by windrow or vermi-composting. The necessary carbon material for enhancing digestion such as sawdust, etc. will be introduced in the biodegradable waste pile windrows.
• The huge biodegradable heaps will be processed at the composting facility of the centralized MRF. The compost product will be introduced to the LGU’s vast agricultural area as an enhancer or soil conditioner.
7.3.4 Marketing and Market Development
The municipal government, once the collection system will be set up in all barangays, will offer an agreement with this buyer and junkshop operator to collect all materials in the MRFs.
Moreover, the LGU will promote the slogan “There is Cash in Trash”, through livelihood programs tying up with NGAs converting trash to crafty decorations to be sold to market.
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7.4 Transfer – Not applicable
7.5 Alternative Technologies for Residual Wastes
Alternative technologies for residual wastes are a matter of concern of the operation of the Provincial Landfill Area at barangay Benhaan, Mambajao.
7.6 Disposal
The final disposal of LGU Catarman, Camiguin is at the clustered Sanitary Landfill Category 1 at Benhaan, Mambajao Camiguin. It is managed by the Province of Camiguin.
7.6.1 Solid Waste Disposal Capacity
7.6.1.1 Existing Facilities
The project is an Integrated Solid Waste Management program for the Island- province of Camiguin. It has two stages: 1. composting at household level; 2. establishment of a waste disposal facility with four components, namely: composting, materials recovery, research & development and sanitary landfill.
7.6.1.2 New Facilities
The LGU is currently under negotiation in the purchase of a one (1) unit dump truck to aid the already existing one (1) unit 3-4cu.m capacity solid waste management dump truck.
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7.7 Special Wastes
7.7.1 Health Care Wastes
The following health care waste managements are taken from the Health Care Waste Management Manual issued by the Department of Health. The content of this waste management is very appropriate for the Municipal Health Office (serving as clinic with lying-in facility), barangay health stations and the Catarman District Hospital.
Waste Segregation and Storage
The effective management of health care waste considers the basic elements of waste minimization, segregation and proper identification of the waste. In the past, there were no incentives to separate, recycle, or reduce waste. Appropriate handling, treatment and disposal of waste by type reduce costs and do much to protect public health. Segregation at source should always be the responsibility of the waste producer. Segregation should take place as close as possible to where the waste is generated and should be maintained in storage areas and during transport.
Segregation is the process of separating different types of waste at the point of generation and keeping them isolated from each other. Appropriate resource recovery and recycling technique can be applied to each separate waste stream. Moreover, the amount of hazardous waste that needs to be treated will be minimized or reduced subsequently prolonging the operational life of the disposal facility and may gain benefit in terms of conservation of resources.
Hazardous waste should be placed in clearly marked containers that are appropriately labeled for the type and weight of the waste. Except for sharps and fluids, hazardous wastes are generally put in plastic bags, plastic lined cardboard boxes, or leaked proofed containers that meet specific performance standards.
To improve segregation efficiency and minimize incorrect use of containers, proper placement and labeling of containers must be carefully determined. General waste
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containers placed beside infectious waste containers could result in better segregation. Too many hazardous waste containers tend to inflate waste volume but too few containers may lead to non-compliance. Minimizing or eliminating the number of hazardous waste containers in patient care areas (except for sharp containers, which should be readily accessible,) may further reduce waste. Facility management should develop a segregation plan that includes staff training.
7.7.1.1 Color Coding Scheme for Health Care Waste
The most appropriate way of identifying the categories of health care waste is by sorting the waste into color-coded plastic bags or containers. Recommended color- coding scheme for health care waste is shown in Table 1.
Table 1. Color-coding Scheme for Containers Color of Container / bag Type of waste Black Non-infectious dry waste Green Non-infectious wet waste (kitchen, dietary etc.) Yellow Infectious and Pathological waste Yellow with black band Chemical waste including those w/ heavy metals Orange Radioactive waste Red Sharps and pressurized containers
Apart from the color-coding system for health care waste, the following practice should also be observed:
(a) Residuals of the general health care waste should join the stream of domestic refuse or municipal solid waste for proper waste management.
(b) Sharps should all be collected, regardless of whether they are contaminated. Containers should be puncture proof (usually made of metal or high-density plastic) and fitted with covers. It should be rigid and impermeable to contain not only the sharps but also any residual liquids from syringes. To discourage abuse, containers should be tampering proof (difficult to open or break) and needles and syringes should be rendered unusable. Where plastic or metal containers are
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unavailable or too costly, containers made of dense cardboard are recommended (c) Bags and containers for infectious waste should be marked with the international infectious substance symbol. (d) Highly infectious and other hazardous waste should, whenever possible, be treated immediately by any method recommended in this manual. It therefore needs to be package in bags that are compatible with the proposed treatment process. (e) Cytotoxic waste, most of which is produce in major hospital or research facilities, should be collected in strong, leak proof containers clearly labeled “Cytotoxic wastes”. (f) Radioactive wastes should be segregated according to its physical form: solid & liquid and according to its half-life or potency: short-live and lived in especially marked containers as prescribed by the pertinent regulation of the Philippine Nuclear Research Institute (PNRI) specific to such authorized practice. (g) Small amounts of chemical or pharmaceutical waste may be collected with infectious waste. (h) Large quantities of obsolete or expired pharmaceuticals stored in hospital wards or departments should be returned to the pharmacy for disposal. Other pharmaceutical waste generated at this level, such as expired drugs or packaging containing drug residues should not be returned because of the risk of contaminating the pharmacy. It should be deposited in the specified container at the point of generation. (i) Large quantities of chemical waste should be packed in chemical resistant containers and sent to specialized treatment facilities (if available). The identity of the chemicals should be clearly marked on the containers. Hazardous chemical waste of different types should never be mixed. (j) Waste with a high content of heavy metals (e.g. cadmium or mercury) should be collected separately. These wastes can be sent to waste treatment facility available in the area. (k) Aerosol containers may be collected with general health care waste once they are completely empty. Aerosol containers should not be burnt or incinerated. (l) Appropriate containers or bag holder should be placed in all locations where particular categories of waste may be generated. (m)Staff should never attempt to correct errors of segregation by removing items from
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a bag or container after disposal or by placing one bag inside another bag of a different color. If general and hazardous waste are accidentally mixed, the mixture should be classified as hazardous health care waste. (n) Cultural and religious constraints in certain parts of the country make it unacceptable for anatomical waste to be collected in the usual yellow bags; such waste should be disposed of in accordance with the local custom, which commonly specifies burial.
7.7.1.2 Storage
All health care waste should be collected and stored in waste storage area until transported to a designated off-site treatment facility. This area shall be marked with warning sign: "CAUTION: BIOHAZARDOUS WASTE STORAGE AREA - UNAUTHORIZED PERSONS KEEP OUT."
Storage areas for health care waste should be located within the establishment or research facility. However, these areas should be located away from patient rooms, laboratories, hospital function/operation rooms or any public access areas. The waste in bags or containers should be stored in a separate area, room or building of a size appropriate to the quantities of waste produced and the frequency of collection. In cases where the health care facility lacks the space, daily collection and disposal should be enforced.
Cytotoxic waste should be stored separately from other waste in a designated secured location. Radioactive waste should be stored separately in containers that prevent dispersion, and if necessary, behind lead shielding. Waste that is to be stored during radioactive decay should be labeled with the type of radionuclide, the date, and details of required storage conditions. Storage facility for radioactive waste must bear the sign “Radioactive Waste” placed conspicuously. Methods of treatment and disposal of radioactive waste shall conform to the requirements and guidelines of the PNRI.
During “storage for decay”, radioactive waste should be separated according to the length of time needed for storage, for example, short-term storage (half-lives less than 30 days) and long-term storage (half-lives from 30 to 65 days). Low level radioactive
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waste should be stored for a minimum of ten times the half-life of the longest-lived radionuclides in the container and until radioactivity decays to background levels as confirmed by a radiation survey.
Requirements for Storage Facilities
1. The storage area should have an impermeable, hard-standing floor with good drainage; it should be easy to clean and disinfect. 2. There should be water supply for cleaning purposes. 3. The storage area should allow easy access for staff in charge of handling the waste. 4. It should be possible to lock the storage area to prevent access by unauthorized persons. 5. Easy access for waste collection vehicle is essential. 6. There should be protection from sun, rain, strong winds, floods, etc. 7. The storage area should be inaccessible to animals, insects and birds. 8. There should be good lighting and adequate ventilation. 9. The storage area should not be situated in the proximity of fresh food stores or food preparation areas. 10. A supply of cleaning equipment, protective clothing, and waste bags or containers should be located conveniently close to the storage area. 11. Floors, walls, and ceilings of the storage area must be kept clean in accordance to established procedures, which at a minimum should include daily cleaning of floors. 12. Biodegradable general and hazardous waste should not be stored longer than 2 days to minimize microbial growth, putrefaction, and odors. If the waste must be stored longer than 2 days, application of treatment like chemical disinfection or refrigeration at 4 o C or lower is recommended.
7.7.1.3 Collection and Transport of Health Care Waste
The proper collection and transportation is an important component in health care waste
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management. Its implementation requires the direct involvement of the health care facility’s maintenance services, housekeeping services, motor pool service personnel and cooperation of all the health care personnel.
Health care waste collection practices should be designed to achieve an efficient movement of waste from points of generation to storage or treatment while minimizing the risk to personnel.
Suggested collection frequency on room to room basis is once every shift or as often as necessary. Time of collection regardless of category should be at the start of every shift.
On-site Collection
Waste should not be allowed to accumulate at the point of production. A program for their collection and transportation should be established as part of the health care waste management plan. Nursing and other clinical staff should ensure that waste bags are tightly closed or sealed when they are about three-quarters full. Light-gauge bags can be closed by tying the neck, but heavier gauge bags probably require plastic sealing tag of the self-locking type. Bags should not be closed by stapling. Sealed sharp containers should not be placed in a labeled, yellow infectious health care waste bag.
The following are recommendations that should be followed by health care personnel directly involved in waste handling and collection:
• Waste should be collected daily (or as frequently as required) and transported to the designated central storage site or waste transfer station. • No bags should be removed unless they are labeled with their point of production (hospital ward or department) and contents. • The bags or containers should be replaced immediately with new ones of the same type. • A supply of fresh collection bags or containers should be readily available at all locations where waste is produced. • Collection practice for active solid radioactive waste shall consist of distributing
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orange color-coded suitable containers with the radiation symbol colored magenta or black. The collection of active solid radioactive waste from designated storage area can only be made when the activity (delay-to-decay) decays to a safe level and upon the strict supervision and guidance of the radiological health and safety officer. • Handling, collection, transport and disposal of these materials shall be based on the guidelines issued by PNRI.
On-site Transport
Transportation of waste within the establishment could utilize wheeled trolleys, containers, or carts that are dedicated solely for the purpose. On-site transportation vehicle should meet the following specifications:
• Easy to load and unload • No sharp edges that could damage waste bags or containers during loading and unloading • Easy to clean
The on-site collection vehicles should be cleaned and disinfected daily with an appropriate disinfectant like chlorine compounds, formaldehyde, phenolic compounds and acids. All waste bag seals should be in-place and intact at the end of transportation.
Workers transporting the waste should be equipped with appropriate personal protective equipment including heavy-duty gloves, coveralls, thick-soled boots and leg protectors.
A. One Refuse Collector with a Handcart of 300 Liters (6 Bins x 50 Liters) with Plastic Bag and Cover B. Bins from Handcrafts are emptied into a trailer of 6,000 Liters capacity in different coding equivalent to one-day waste (One Trailer Load of 2.4 Tons serves 7,200 people) C. Handcraft with Round Body for refuse collection capacity from 52 Gallons emptied by dumping contents to the ground D. Two-Bin Handcraft with total capacity 120-200 Liters according to bin size. The
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bins are emptied directly into a transfer facility as to color coding with plastic bag and cover.
E. Six-Bin Handcraft Suitable for daily collection of different types of hospital waste with plastic bag and cover and should conform with the color coding. Total capacity ranges from 300 to 500 liters emptied directly into a transfer capacity.
Off-site Transportation of Health Care Waste
The health care waste generator is responsible for the safe packaging and adequate labeling of waste to be transported off-site for treatment and disposal. Packaging and labeling should comply with the national regulation governing the transport of hazardous wastes (RA 6969) and maintaining that it presents no danger to the public during transport. Likewise, the waste generators are ultimately responsible for ensuring that their wastes are properly treated and disposed of in an approved disposal facility.
Tracking of wastes could be done with the implementation of the consignment system.
Consignment Note
All health care waste to be transported to an approved off-site waste treatment facility shall be transported only by a DENR-accredited transporter or carrier. The authorized transporter / carrier shall maintain a completed consignment note (see Annex 4 for a prototype Consignment Note) of all health care waste taken from the health care establishment for treatment or disposal.
By the time that waste transporter receives the waste, the transporter shall provide the waste generator with a copy of the consignment note for the generator's waste records.
The transporter and the generator shall separately maintain a copy of the consignment note. The consignment note shall include, but not limited to the following information:
• The name address, telephone number, and accreditation number of the
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transporter, unless the transporter is the generator • The type and quantity of waste transported • The name, address, and telephone number of the generator • The name, address, telephone number, permit number, and the signature of an authorized representative of the approved facility receiving the waste • The date that the waste is collected or removed from the generator's facility, the date that the waste is received by the transfer station, or point of consolidation, if applicable, and the date that the waste is received by the treatment facility.
If the waste generators are the ones who transport the wastes or directs a member of its staff to transport the wastes to an approved waste treatment and disposal facility, the consignment note for health care wastes should show the name, address and telephone number of the wastes generator when the wastes are transported to the waste treatment and disposal facility.
The transporter or generator transporting the waste should have the consignment note in his or her possession in the vehicle while transporting the waste. The tracking document should be available upon demand by any traffic enforcement agency personnel. The transporter shall provide the facility receiving waste with a copy of the original tracking document.
Contingency Plan for Health Care Waste
The development of a plan of action should be considered in the event of an accidental spill, loss of containment, equipment failure or other unexpected circumstances.
The owner/operator of vehicles used in the transportation of health care waste should carry contingency plans for emergencies that address the following:
• Plan for the disinfection of the truck and any contaminated surface if a leaking container is discovered. • A notification list of individual or agencies to be contacted in the event of a transportation accident.
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• Clean-up and decontamination of potentially contaminated surfaces; designation of backup transportation for the health care waste, a description of the plans for the re-packaging and labeling of health care waste where containers are no longer intact. • Procedures for the management of a leaking container.
Requirements for Packaging for Off-site Collection
Waste should be packaged in sealed bags or containers to prevent spilling during handling and transportation. The bags or containers should be robust for their content (for example: puncture proof for sharps and resistant to aggressive chemicals) and for normal conditions of handling and transportation, such as vibration or changes in temperature, humidity or atmospheric pressure. (In case of plastic bags, minimum gauge should be at least 0.009 mm)
Radioactive wastes must be packaged for off-site collection and transported in accordance with the acceptance criteria for low level radioactive wastes established by PNRI (AO No. 01 series of 1990, Annex 3).
All waste bags or containers should be labeled with the basic information about their content and about the waste generator. This information may be written directly on the bag or container or on pre-printed labels, securely attached. Basic information should include but not limited to the following:
• Type of health care waste • Form of waste and waste category • Date of collection • Volume/quantity of waste • Precautions to be taken while handling • Emergency procedures in the event of accident or spillage • Destination of the waste
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Requirements for Off-site Collection Vehicles
Collection vehicles used for the transport of health care wastes should not be used for the transport of any other materials that could be seriously affected by contamination such as food, livestock, people or retail goods. The vehicle should have an enclosed leak Waste proof body and capable of being locked to secure the waste. Waste can be loaded directly to especially designed vehicle, but it is safer to place them first in containers (e.g. cardboard boxes or wheeled, rigid, lidded plastic or galvanized bins). Infectious and pathological waste should be bagged in appropriate colored-coded bags or other special containers when transported. Each package should be marked or coded for easy identification. Containers should be leak-proofed and be fitted with self-sealing lid and be tight enough to withstand being spilled in the vehicle. The design of the collection vehicle must conform to the following:
• The body of the vehicle should be of suitable size commensurate with the design of the vehicle. • The vehicle should have totally enclosed car body with the driver seat separated from the loader to prevent meeting the waste in the event of collision/accident. • There should be a suitable system for securing the load during transport. • The vehicle should be easy to clean, and the internal surface of the body should be smooth enough that allows it to be steam cleaned and with all corners/angles rounded. The vehicle should be cleaned at the end of each working day and in the event of any spillage. • The vehicle should be marked with the name and address of the waste carrier. • The international hazard sign should be displayed on the vehicle or container, as well as the emergency telephone number. • Empty plastic bags, suitable protective clothing, cleaning equipment, tools, and disinfectant, together with special kits for dealing with liquid spills, should be carried in a separate compartment in the vehicle.
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Routing
Health care waste should be transported through the quickest or shortest possible route and should be planned before the trip begins. After departure from the source, every effort should be made to avoid further handling. If handling cannot be avoided, it should be pre- arranged and take place in adequately designed and authorized premises. Handling requirements can be specified in the contract established between the waste generator and the transporter.
An efficient and effective collection system route should consider the following: • Collection schedule either by route or zone • Assignment of personnel responsible for the zone or area • Logical planning of the route (should avoid passing the collected package of waste on congested area) • Collection system route must be laid out from the farthest point of the designated transfer station and as collection progresses towards the collection storage area. • Routes drawn shall be practicable and must consider the logical progression of health care waste throughout the area • Revised routing plan should be established due to circumstances arising to alteration in the original routing plan. • Suggested collection frequency on room to room basis is once every shift or as often as necessary. Time of collection regardless of category should be at the start of every shift.
7.7.1.4 Waste Disposal Systems
Sanitary Landfill
Sanitary landfill is an engineered method designed to keep the waste isolated from the environment. Appropriate engineering preparations should be completed before the site can accept waste. There should be trained staff present on site to control operations, organize deposits and daily coverage of waste. Some essential elements for the design and operation of sanitary landfill are:
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• Access to site and working areas possible for waste delivery and site vehicles • Presence of site personnel capable of effective control of daily operations • Division of the site into manageable phases, appropriately prepared, before landfill starts • Adequate sealing of the base and sides of the site to minimize the movement of wastewater (leachate) • Adequate mechanisms for leachate collection and treatment systems are necessary • Organized deposit of waste in a small area, allowing them to be spread, compacted and covered daily • Surface water collection trenches around site boundaries • Construction of a final cover to minimize rainwater infiltration when each phase of the landfill is completed.
Safe Burial on Hospital Premises
In remote locations and rural areas, the safe burial of waste on the health care premises may be the only viable option available at the time. However, certain rules need to be established for the proper health care waste management. These include: • Access to the disposal site should be restricted to authorized personnel only. • The burial site should be lined with a material of low permeability, such as clay, if available, to prevent pollution of any shallow groundwater that may subsequently reach nearby wells. • Only hazardous health care waste should be buried. If general health care waste were also buried on the premises, available space would be quickly filled-up. • Large quantities (>1kg) of chemical/pharmaceutical wastes should not be buried. • The burial site should be managed as a landfill, with each layer of waste covered with a layer of earth to prevent odor, as well as to prevent proliferation of rodents and insects. • Burial site should not be in flood prone areas. • Hospital ground should be secured. (e.g. fenced with warning signs). • The location of waste burial pit should be downhill or down-gradient from any
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nearby wells and about 50 meters away from any water body such as rivers or lakes to prevent contaminating sources of water. • Health care facilities should keep a permanent record of the size and location of all their on-site burial pits to prevent construction workers, builders, and others from digging in those areas in the future. • The safe burial of waste depends critically on rational operational practices. The bottom of the pit should be at least 1.50 meters higher than the ground water level. It should be noted that safe on-site burial is practicable only for relatively limited period, say 1 to 2 years, and for relatively small quantities of waste, say up to 5 to 10 tons in total. Where these conditions are exceeded, a longer-term solution will be needed.
Septic/Concrete Vault
This method is especially suitable for the disposal of used sharps and syringes. The following procedures for the safe burial of sharps and syringes through septic/concrete vault are recommended:
• Dig a pit (minimum size of 1 m x 1 m x 1.8 m depth), enough to accommodate sharps and syringes for an estimated period without reaching the groundwater level. The site must be isolated and at least 500 feet away from the groundwater supply sources and dwelling units. • Construct concrete walls and slabs of the pit. Provide slab with opening or manhole for easy deposition of collected sharps and syringes. The manhole should be extended a few centimeters above the soil surface to overcome infiltration of surface water. • Deposit the collected safety boxes filled with used sharps and needles inside the septic/concrete vault. • Install a security fence around the site.
7.8 Information, Education and Communication (IEC)
The Local Government of Catarman will implement the Information, Education and
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Communications (IEC) Program on Solid Waste in all barangays down to household level.
7.8.1 Introduction
The target participants in the conduct of IEC were the Sangguniang Barangays, households, business establishments, institutions, religious institutions and other areas identified during implementation. The conduct of IEC is implemented in accordance with the Implementing Rules & Regulations (IRR) set in the R.A. 9003 and its methodology is likewise designed to advocate and reach as to many citizens as possible and be oriented in the mechanics of ESWM.
Stressed in the campaign was the need for a serious and sincere “lifestyle change” that will ease the overhaul of the personal and societal practices that contribute to the generation and mismanagement of waste in the households, businesses and institutional establishments
7.8.2 Core Messages
The project training modules were patterned after those developed by the Solid Waste Association of the Philippines (SWAPP), adapted to the San Carlos environs and viewed through PowerPoint Software.
Two (2) training modules were prepared: The “Orientation Seminar on Ecological Solid Waste Management” and the “Barangay Planning Workshop Seminar”. These modules were used to train the project staff, barangay councils, solid waste management board and the other participants for the information, education and communication campaign (IEC)
Cross visits, song composition with themes on ecological solid waste management and its practices, documentation on best practices within the local barangays, ESWM exhibits and training impact sharing and other structured learning exercises were incorporated into the module to further enhance the trainings.
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7.8.3 Approach
Fliers were developed which discusses ecological solid waste management and its principles. Composting principles, especially in application to home and kitchen waste, were discussed in the other flier. These materials were distributed to the Sangguniang Barangay and all other groups that underwent the ESWM trainings.
Posters with similar advocacy relative to ESWM information were posted around strategic areas in the Municipal like the market, LGU offices, schools, churches. Banners with five (5) different information on ESWM were constructed out from plastic sack cloth and were likewise distributed to participating barangays for posting in strategic areas.
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7.8.3.1 Planned Activities
TARGET ACTIVITY MESSAGE METHOD TIME FRAME AUDIENCE
Increase Barangay Every month awareness Council of 14 Symposium of January of relative to the role barangays the year of barangay
Increase School awareness Administrators relative to the Every month and the effective - Reorientation Symposium of May of the teacher in- implementation of on RA 9003 year charge in the ESWM ESWM program of the school
Increase awareness LGU relative to the Symposium Every month salient features of the law
Ensure the - Evaluation of Interview sustainability and the Search for and Every month efficacy of the the 14 barangays coaching by of May of the SWM programs Bulawanong the year of the 14 Barangay evaluators barangays
Ensure the - Evaluation of Interview sustainability and Every July the Search for and Participating efficacy of the and the coaching by Schools SWM programs December of Bulawanong the of all schools in the year Paaralan evaluators the municipality
- Massive To find the barangay possible solutions Clean-up to the problematic Actual Every 22nd of 14 barangays relative to the areas within their Clean-up April Earth Day respective Celebration barangays
To raise - Localized 14 barangays, Symposia, awareness Every third Environment schools, exhibit, film relative to the week of June Week institutions showing environmental
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TARGET ACTIVITY MESSAGE METHOD TIME FRAME AUDIENCE Celebration programs of the Municipal
- Massive Recorida, advocacy on Plastic bags store to store the Plastic All throughout 14 barangays waste campaign, Ordinance of of the year. minimization video the presentation municipality
Engage people to remove trash and debris from beaches 14 barangays, - International waterways and Every 3rd 1 LGU, Actual Coastal other water Saturday of educational Clean-up Cleanup Day bodies and raise September institutions awareness on the context of the marine debris problem
- Joint All business All business All business All business Inspection establishments establishments of establishments establishments with the of the Municipal the Municipal of the of the Business Municipal Municipal Permit and Licensing Office of the Municipality - Deployment of Municipal Law Strengthen the Issuance of All throughout the Law Enforcement enforcement citation tickets the year Team mechanism of the to violators Enforcement LGU specifically Team on the Municipal Ordinance No. 1, series of 2019
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Barangay Training on Ecological Solid Waste Management (ESWM)
The Barangays were given training/seminar workshop with 30 participants per barangay. These were composed of the whole Sangguniang Barangay, Secretary, Treasurer, Day Care Teacher, Barangay Health Worker and selected tanods, purok leaders and point or model households of the barangay. The training will enable them to formulate their vision/mission statements, which will be incorporated in the barangay plan.
Each barangay is provided with a “Barangay Training Manual on Ecological Solid Waste Management” that contains pertinent information and references useful for planning and implementing ESWM.
Various cross visits to different “puroks” and “sitios” in nearby municipalities were also facilitated to observed exemplary waste management practices and enabled the participants to gain insights for them to apply in their respective barangays.
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CHAPTER VIII: Implementation Strategy
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8.1 Framework
OBJECTIVELY MODE OF NARRATIVE INITIAL VERIFICABLE VERIFICATION SUMMARY ASSUMPTION (IA) INDICATOR (OVI) (MOV) GOAL: Ecologically balanced and Annual Waste 84% - 2027 SWM MENRO is a plantilla sustainable Solid Management Diversion position Waste Management Report, WACS of the Municipality OBJECTIVE: 1. Set up an Increased All 14 barangays effective solid Monthly SWM Segregated Waste wastes collected per waste collection Report Collection Rate week system 2. Institutionalize Detailed IEC, IEC, monitoring monitoring and and enforcement Documentations, enforcement strategy reflected NSWRB approved Budget allocations mechanism for in both SWM Plan SWM Plan the SWM and SWM Program Ordinance 3. Enhanced transport system of
residual waste to the Provincial Landfill Area OUTPUT: 1. Systematic collection system Activities: • Baseline collection date on current Reduction in collection garbage truck schedules, operating hours routes and fuel
consumption 100% of • work-out a cost- households effective route served and schedule for the garbage collection
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OBJECTIVELY MODE OF NARRATIVE INITIAL VERIFICABLE VERIFICATION SUMMARY ASSUMPTION (IA) INDICATOR (OVI) (MOV) including coastal and upland barangays • Follow up and monitor compliance of collection route and schedule • Briefing of collection crew for systematic implementation of No segregation, No collection Policy. Output: 2A. Institutionalize IEC, monitoring and ESWM capability enforcement building and education mechanism already through the LGU formulated (SWMO, DepEd) Activities • Implementation Regular budget of allocation for IEC, environmental monitoring and education in enforcement support school curricula is appropriated on a • Environmental yearly basis advocacy 2B. Monitoring and
Evaluation Activities: • Facilitate coordinative and logistical follow through support re: ESWM IEC initiative for the 14 barangays • Preparation
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OBJECTIVELY MODE OF NARRATIVE INITIAL VERIFICABLE VERIFICATION SUMMARY ASSUMPTION (IA) INDICATOR (OVI) (MOV) course of all MRF Operators on “Ecological Operation of MRF” (segregation skills, waste stream monitoring, basic bookkeeping and marketing, etc) Output: 3. Enforcement and compliance Activities: • Preparation in the conduct of meetings/ seminar with Barangay Waste Officers for monitoring an enforcement of the SWM Plan • Identification of all different enforcement groups and introduction seminars and WS about the laws, etc. • Conduct paralegal training/ seminars for enforcement of SWM ordinance.
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8.2 Diversion Projections
TOT Waste RES TOT TOT WASTE Generation BIO Diverted REC REC Diverted RES Diverted SPL WASTE DIVERSION YEAR POPULATION (kg/day) BIO (kg/day) Diversion % (kg/day) (kg/day) Diversion % (kg/day) (kg/day) Diversion % (kg/day) (kg/day) Diversion % SPL Diverted DIVERTED (%) 2018 16,662 3,743.05 2,011.34 65% 1,307.37 1,116.15 55% 613.88 514.05 1% 5.14 101.51 - - 1,926.39 51.47% 2019 16,941 3,805.70 2,045.00 76% 1,554.20 1,134.83 52% 590.11 522.65 1% 5.23 103.21 - - 2,149.54 56.48% 2020 17,225 3,869.39 2,079.23 79% 1,642.59 1,153.82 57% 657.68 531.40 2% 10.63 104.94 - - 2,310.90 59.72% 2021 17,513 3,934.15 2,114.02 81% 1,712.36 1,173.13 60% 703.88 540.29 2% 10.81 106.70 - - 2,427.04 61.69% 2022 17,806 3,999.99 2,149.40 84% 1,805.50 1,192.77 65% 775.30 549.34 4% 21.97 108.48 - - 2,602.77 65.07% 2023 18,104 4,066.93 2,185.38 88% 1,923.13 1,212.73 70% 848.91 558.53 4% 22.34 110.30 - - 2,794.38 68.71% 2024 18,407 4,134.99 2,221.95 90% 1,999.75 1,233.02 75% 924.77 567.88 6% 34.07 112.14 - - 2,958.60 71.55% 2025 18,715 4,204.20 2,259.14 94% 2,123.59 1,253.66 80% 1,002.93 577.38 6% 34.64 114.02 - - 3,161.16 75.19% 2026 19,028 4,274.56 2,296.94 96% 2,205.07 1,274.64 85% 1,083.45 587.04 8% 46.96 115.93 - - 3,335.48 78.03% 2027 19,347 4,346.10 2,335.39 100% 2,335.39 1,295.97 100% 1,295.97 596.87 10% 59.69 117.87 - - 3,691.05 84.93%
8.3 Monitoring Program
Monitoring shall be done in a collective effort. Down to the grassroots, the BSWMC shall prepare a quarterly report and submit it to the MENRO. Upon conduct of a quarterly meeting, the MENRO shall present the integrated reports of all BSWMCs to the Mun. SWM Board for evaluation. A Task Force on Environment shall be created by the LGU whose responsibilities shall focus on ensuring that all environment-related ordinances are followed and implemented properly.
8.4 Incentive Programs
To further encourage the citizens for the continuous implementation of the ordinance and to fully incorporate proper SWM segregation into a habit, incentive through provision of awards and recognitions shall be implemented from school categories, barangay level down to household level. Implementation of programs such as Bulawanong Barangay, Bulawanong Paaralan or related competitions encourages responsible SWM management by providing financial rewards.
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CHAPTER IX Institutional Aspects
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The Solid Waste Management Board is the policy making body which sets the overall solid waste management program thrust geared towards the institutionalization and ensures sustainability of its operation in accordance with the Municipality's 10 Year Solid Waste Management Plan through its MENRO which handles the management and operation of the of solid waste management related program.
Municipal Solid Waste Management Board (Policy Making Body)
MENRO
Waste Collection and IEC, Enforcement Transport and Monitoring Administrative
All fourteen (14) barangays will also be tapped by mandating them to reactivate their respective BSWMC. By this, it will be easier for the implementation of PAPs under this plan down to household level. The MENRO shall provide the BSWMCs with necessary technical capabilities. Financial assistance may also be provided by the LGU.
All educational institutions shall also be engaged. The LGU and all educational institutions in the municipality shall be working together through PAPs targeting schools in terms of information education campaign and even SWM-related competitions and/or activities.
9.1 Roles
9.1.1 Participatory Approach
The local government recognizes that success of solid waste management does not just
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lie on the technical methods in disposing of waste. Thus, people’s participation was utilized wherein all sectors of the community were targeted to become involved in waste diversion at their level. These include the private/industrial/agricultural sector, the schools, the fourteen barangays, and all households. Citizens are further given the responsibility to manage waste in the barangay level.
9.1.2 Waste Minimization and Increased Waste Diversion
Due to the focus of the Lifestyle Change Project to promote waste reduction and diversion at source, such as source segregation is already evidently practiced with households, industries, schools, barangays, and different community institutions doing their own respective SWM initiatives.
9.1.3 Behavioral Change Approach
The Local Government of Catarman will go beyond the conventional solid waste management program of using an efficient collection system and infrastructure. It will embark on a comprehensive education and advocacy that sought to change people’s behavior towards responsible waste management. While information, education and communication is enunciated in R.A. 9003, the Behavioral Change Approach is based on an education platform that enables the target audience to learn the positive or negative consequences of their action. It further focuses on the benefits derived from positive waste management practice thus leading to individual and group motivation.
9.2 Legal
The local government of Catarman ordained the Solid Waste Ordinance of 2005 and Mun. Ordinance No. 1, series of 2019, with the primary trust to provide utmost sanitation and maintain fair ecosystem, maintain environmental integrity, protect the people from the hazard of diseases, provide a place that is healthful, clean and socially well provided community. It further aimed to maintain the management system and disposal strategies of the solid waste produced in the municipality.
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CHAPTER X: Social and Environmental Aspects
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The local government recognizes the fact that the increase of tourism activities in the island means an increase in generation of solid waste. It further recognizes that unattended solid waste will deface the beauty of the island and will eventually diminish the growing economic upsurge of the island due to tourism. Protecting the environment is a thrust by the local government, but it must go beyond the present practices of providing knowledge and infrastructure but must direct its focus to changing of people's attitude and behavior. The LGU should emphasize in its early planning and design that waste management is a people ‘responsibility. It is important to note that the decision to make IEC as the primary initiative is to highlight the need to capacitate and empower people to responsibly manage waste at the source level.
10.1 Social Aspects
Changing the life’s style of the individual and household in solid waste management must start at reduction at source and segregation efforts. It is the aim of the Plan that waste diversion efficiency can be express in terms of increasing households doing segregation efforts. The LGU is aware that the policies of the government, whether those stipulated in RA 9003, as well as the LGU policy of “No segregation, No collection”, could not be realized without people's new knowledge and changed behavior in segregating and diverting waste. No matter how much infrastructure related to solid waste management are erected, unless social change happens, the failure of SWM will prevail. Acceptability of the change is imperative for the change the LGU needs.
10.2 Environmental Aspects
The individual approach of the LGU of having its own dumpsite which is environmentally hazardous to the fragile island of Camiguin which is sanitary and is hazardous, prompted the five LGUs with the Provincial Government binding together to establish a one landfill area for the province. The individual dumpsite have been served with closure order by the DENR and all the five LGU’s obeyed.
With the Memorandum of Understanding, the individual LGUs are mandated to transport their mixed and residual solid waste landfill area at their own transport expenses plus tipping fees.
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CHAPTER XI: FINANCIAL ASPECTS
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11 Cost Estimates / Financial Aspects
The solid waste management program of the municipality is being financed through its General Fund under the Solid Waste Management Program amounting to P500,000.00 annually. Said amount is used for repair and maintenance of existing LGU SWM facilities, dumpsite fees, and wages for personnel in-charge. SWM related programs may also be funded under the 20% Development Fund and 5% LDRRF.
With the creation of the MENRO, a budgetary allocation is necessary for the MENRO to carry out its responsibilities and functions effectively which includes but not limited to SWM monitoring, IEC, community training and other related components of the plan. The MENRO is also responsible in monitoring the implementation of the LGUs Forest Land Use, Integrated Coastal Management Plan and MPA Networking Plan.
The yearly budget is being deliberated during the annual investment planning and subsequently adapted in the Annual General Budget of the LGU.
11.1 Investment Cost
Investment Areas TIME FRAME (amount in ‘000.00)
2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027
Recovery Facility Construction
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Barangay 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Schools 0.00 0.00 0.00 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
LGU 0.00 0.00 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50
Residual Containment Area
Barangay 0.00 0.00 0.00 350 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Composting
Windrow Composting 0.00 0.00 0.00 100 100 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Area
Vermi Composting 0.00 0.00 0.00 100 0.00 100 0.00 100 0.00 0.00 Area Expansion
Equipment
Purchase of Dump 0.00 1,500 0.00 0.00 1,500 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2,000 Truck
Eco Bricks Production 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1,500 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Institutionalization of the SWM
Capability 100 100 100 100 100 50 0.00 100 100 100 Development
IEC 50 30 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50
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Monitoring 0.00 0.00 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50
Incentives Program 0.00 0.00 50 150 150 150 150 150 150 150
MENRO Plantilla 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 150 150 150 150 150 150
MENRO Office 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1,500 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
TOTAL 100 1530 300 1050 2250 3750 650 750 650 2650
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11.2 Annual Budget for Solid Waste Management
Source of Funds CY CY CY CY CY CY CY CY CY CY 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027
in PHP thousands (‘000.00)
General Fund 400 500 500 600 750 750 750 750 750 800
20% 0 1,500 0 500 1500 3000 0 100 0 2000 Development Fund
5% MDRRM 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Fund
Total 400 2000 500 1100 2250 3750 750 850 750 2800
11.3 Funding Options
The funding for the Investments identified by the LGU shall solely come from the Municipal funds, General Fund and 20% Development Fund of the LGU. The barangays were given Php 25,000.00 as assistance to barangay development projects to construct a Material Recovery in their respective barangays.
On 2016, the DENR-EMB have downloaded funds to the LGU for the establishment of a Material Recovery Facility identifying Brgy. Sto. Nino as the beneficiary. Said funds include expenses for the IEC campaign in the barangay.
Grants from NGAs is also a viable option.
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11.4 Cost Evaluation and Comparison
The Municipality has Php _____ per service capita based on the overall appropriation for solid waste management programs against the total population of 16,662 inhabitants which is still dependent on government subsidy.
11.6 Summary
Investment Cost Annual Cost Annual Revenue Year in thousands (‘000.00) 2018 100 400 2019 1,530 2,000 2020 300 500 2021 1,050 1,100 2022 2,250 2,250 2023 3,750 3,750 2024 650 750 2025 750 850 2026 650 750 2027 2,650 2,800
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CHAPTER XII: Plan Implementation
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12.1 Phases and Responsibilities
SWM Program Components Office / Person Responsible
• Waste diversion MENRO, Sangguniang Bayan, Office of the Municipal Mayor ✓ Beef up the operation of vermi culture facilities in the municipal nursery ✓ Tie-up with NGAs in terms of acquisition of facilities i.e. shredder, composter ✓ Provide maintenance cost for shredders ✓ IEC and legislation on household composting ✓ MOA with scrap buyer ✓ Plastic-Free Ordinance Legislation ✓ Community Participation (e.g. Incentives, Bulawanong Barangay)
• Increase Collection efficiency or MENRO, Office of the Municipal Engineer coverage ✓ Reactivate Brgy SWM and have the collection of segregated recyclables and compostable materials under their responsibility. ✓ Collection of mixed solid waste, residuals and mixed solid waste is the responsibility of the municipality. ✓ Purchase of additional garbage truck ✓ Installation of prohibiting and collection signages
• Collection and disposal of residual BSWMC, MENRO wastes ✓ Beef up barangay eco-aide for disaggregated garbage collection
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SWM Program Components Office / Person Responsible
✓ Use effective route to reduce cost on fuel and maintenance of collection trucks ✓ Establish database for the SWM Plan implementation and monitoring
• Operation and maintenance of SWM MENRO, SWM Board, Equipment and facility Office of the Municipal Mayor ✓ Fund allocation for maintenance and operation ✓ Monitoring and evaluation ✓ Conduct quarterly meeting of SWMB ✓ Creation/designation of MENRO (E.O.) ✓ MRF Sustainability
12.2 Milestones
DATE ACTIVITY - Municipal Ordinance No. 8, series of 2005 April 5, 2016 - NSWRB Approved (with conditions) SWM Plan - Completion of Brgy. Sto. Niño’s MRF funded by DENR-EMB - Reorganization of SWM Board January 8, 2019 - Municipal Ordinance No. 1, series of 2019
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12.3 Implementation Schedule
TARGET ACTIVITY MESSAGE METHOD TIME FRAME AUDIENCE
Increase Barangay Every month awareness Council of 14 Symposium of January of relative to the barangays the year role of barangay
Increase School awareness Administrators relative to the Every month and the effective - Reorientation Symposium of May of the teacher in- implementation on RA 9003 year charge in of the ESWM ESWM program of the school
Increase awareness LGU relative to the Symposium Every month salient features of the law
Ensure the - Evaluation of sustainability the Search Interview and Every month and efficacy of for the 14 barangays coaching by of May of the the SWM Bulawanong the evaluators year programs of the Barangay 14 barangays
Ensure the - Evaluation of sustainability the Search and efficacy of Interview and Every July and Participating for the the SWM coaching by December of Schools Bulawanong programs of all the evaluators the year Paaralan schools in the municipality
- Massive To find the barangay possible Clean-up Actual Clean- Every 22nd of 14 barangays solutions to the relative to the problematic up April Earth Day areas within Celebration their respective
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TARGET ACTIVITY MESSAGE METHOD TIME FRAME AUDIENCE
barangays
To raise - Localized awareness 14 barangays, Symposia, Environment relative to the Every third schools, exhibit, film Week environmental week of June institutions showing Celebration programs of the Municipal
- Massive Recorida, advocacy on Plastic bags store to store the Plastic All throughout 14 barangays waste campaign, Ordinance of of the year. minimization video the presentation municipality
Engage people to remove trash and debris from beaches 14 barangays, waterways and - International Every 3rd 1 LGU, other water Actual Clean- Coastal Saturday of educational bodies and up Cleanup Day September institutions raise awareness on the context of the marine debris problem
- Joint All business All business All business All business Inspection establishments establishments establishments establishments with the of the of the Municipal of the of the Business Municipal Municipal Municipal Permit and Licensing Office of the Municipality
- Deployment Municipal Law Strengthen the Issuance of All throughout of the Law Enforcement enforcement citation tickets the year Enforcement Team mechanism of to violators Team the LGU specifically on the Municipal Ordinance No.
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TARGET ACTIVITY MESSAGE METHOD TIME FRAME AUDIENCE
1, series of 2019
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Republic of the Philippines Province of Camiguin Municipality of Catarman
OFFICE OF THE MUN. ENVIRONMENT & NATURAL RESOURCES OFFICER Poblacion, Catarman, Camiguin
ENVIRONMENTAL VIOLATION RECEIPT
Control No.: 002135-2019
FIRST NAME
SURNAME
RESIDENCE CERTIFICATE NO.: NOTICE is hereby served that you have ------violated the provision of Municipal ISSUED AT: Ordinance No. ___, series of 2019 or the ------Municipal Solid Waste Management Ordinance. ISSUED ON:
------NATURE OF OFFENSE OTHER IDENTIFICATION: ------ Littering/Illegal dumping/Illegal PLACE COMMITTED: disposal of garbage ------ Urinating/Defecating/Spitting DATE & TIME: Dirty Frontage and immediate surroundings Improper and untimely storing of garbage outside ______residence/establishment SIGNATURE OF VIOLATOR Obstruction Dirty Public Utility Vehicle/No trash can/Receptacle
BY AUTHORITY OF THE MAYOR: Spilling / Scattering / Littering of Wastes by Public or Private
Vehicles and other ______transportation APPREHENDING OFFICER Illegal posting of signages, billboards, posters, streamers, movie ads, etc. DISPOSITION: Others (Specify ) PAY FINE ______ COMMUNITY SERVICE ______
Payment of violation herein cited should be made at the Municipal Treasurer’s Office, 1st Flr., Administrative Building, Poblacion, Catarman, Camiguin within three (3) workings days from receipt hereof in pursuant to Mun. Ordinance No. ___, series of 2019.