Skull Second Stage Lecture 2 د.احمد جسام النقيب
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A Study of Occurrence and Types of Suprameatal Spines in the Suprameatal Triangle
ISSN: 2455-2631 © March 2021 IJSDR | Volume 6, Issue 3 A STUDY OF OCCURRENCE AND TYPES OF SUPRAMEATAL SPINES IN THE SUPRAMEATAL TRIANGLE Preetha Parthasarathy Under graduate SIMATS Saveetha Dental College, 162, Poonamalle high road, Velappanchavadi, Chennai- 600095. India. Mrs. M.S. Thenmozhi Dept of Anatomy SIMATS Saveetha Dental College, 162, Poonamalle high road, Velappanchavadi, Chennai- 600095. India. Corresponding author: Mrs. Thenmozhi. M.S Dept of anatomy SIMATS Saveetha dental college, Velappanchavadi Chennai-600095 India Running title: Types of suprameatal spines ABSTRACT: AIM: To identify the occurrence and types of suprameatal spines on either sides of the skull in the suprameatal triangle and to study their clinic implications. OBJECTIVE: To figure out the presence of suprameatal spines in the suprameatal triangle and to review the literature on anatomical and clinic aspects of suprameatal triangle. INTRODUCTION: Suprameatal triangle is present between the posterior wall of external acoustic meatus and posterior root of zygomatic process, in the temporal bone. It is also called as Macewen’s triangle. Suprameatal spine is seen below the upper limit of the orifice of the inner end of external acoustic meatus which is closed by tympanic membrane. It is also called as spine of Henle. RESULT: From the above conducted study, it can be seen that, when the suprameatal spines were evaluated according to its type and occurrence, the crest type of spine present was more than the triangle type. The crest type of spine was found to be 62.2% and the triangle type of spine was about 37.8% CONCLUSION: Thus, this study shows the prevalence of crest and triangle type spine in the dry skulls evaluated. -
Anatomy of Maxillary and Mandibular Local Anesthesia
Anatomy of Mandibular and Maxillary Local Anesthesia Patricia L. Blanton, Ph.D., D.D.S. Professor Emeritus, Department of Anatomy, Baylor College of Dentistry – TAMUS and Private Practice in Periodontics Dallas, Texas Anatomy of Mandibular and Maxillary Local Anesthesia I. Introduction A. The anatomical basis of local anesthesia 1. Infiltration anesthesia 2. Block or trunk anesthesia II. Review of the Trigeminal Nerve (Cranial n. V) – the major sensory nerve of the head A. Ophthalmic Division 1. Course a. Superior orbital fissure – root of orbit – supraorbital foramen 2. Branches – sensory B. Maxillary Division 1. Course a. Foramen rotundum – pterygopalatine fossa – inferior orbital fissure – floor of orbit – infraorbital 2. Branches - sensory a. Zygomatic nerve b. Pterygopalatine nerves [nasal (nasopalatine), orbital, palatal (greater and lesser palatine), pharyngeal] c. Posterior superior alveolar nerves d. Infraorbital nerve (middle superior alveolar nerve, anterior superior nerve) C. Mandibular Division 1. Course a. Foramen ovale – infratemporal fossa – mandibular foramen, Canal -> mental foramen 2. Branches a. Sensory (1) Long buccal nerve (2) Lingual nerve (3) Inferior alveolar nerve -> mental nerve (4) Auriculotemporal nerve b. Motor (1) Pterygoid nerves (2) Temporal nerves (3) Masseteric nerves (4) Nerve to tensor tympani (5) Nerve to tensor veli palatine (6) Nerve to mylohyoid (7) Nerve to anterior belly of digastric c. Both motor and sensory (1) Mylohyoid nerve III. Usual Routes of innervation A. Maxilla 1. Teeth a. Molars – Posterior superior alveolar nerve b. Premolars – Middle superior alveolar nerve c. Incisors and cuspids – Anterior superior alveolar nerve 2. Gingiva a. Facial/buccal – Superior alveolar nerves b. Palatal – Anterior – Nasopalatine nerve; Posterior – Greater palatine nerves B. -
Morfofunctional Structure of the Skull
N.L. Svintsytska V.H. Hryn Morfofunctional structure of the skull Study guide Poltava 2016 Ministry of Public Health of Ukraine Public Institution «Central Methodological Office for Higher Medical Education of MPH of Ukraine» Higher State Educational Establishment of Ukraine «Ukranian Medical Stomatological Academy» N.L. Svintsytska, V.H. Hryn Morfofunctional structure of the skull Study guide Poltava 2016 2 LBC 28.706 UDC 611.714/716 S 24 «Recommended by the Ministry of Health of Ukraine as textbook for English- speaking students of higher educational institutions of the MPH of Ukraine» (minutes of the meeting of the Commission for the organization of training and methodical literature for the persons enrolled in higher medical (pharmaceutical) educational establishments of postgraduate education MPH of Ukraine, from 02.06.2016 №2). Letter of the MPH of Ukraine of 11.07.2016 № 08.01-30/17321 Composed by: N.L. Svintsytska, Associate Professor at the Department of Human Anatomy of Higher State Educational Establishment of Ukraine «Ukrainian Medical Stomatological Academy», PhD in Medicine, Associate Professor V.H. Hryn, Associate Professor at the Department of Human Anatomy of Higher State Educational Establishment of Ukraine «Ukrainian Medical Stomatological Academy», PhD in Medicine, Associate Professor This textbook is intended for undergraduate, postgraduate students and continuing education of health care professionals in a variety of clinical disciplines (medicine, pediatrics, dentistry) as it includes the basic concepts of human anatomy of the skull in adults and newborns. Rewiewed by: O.M. Slobodian, Head of the Department of Anatomy, Topographic Anatomy and Operative Surgery of Higher State Educational Establishment of Ukraine «Bukovinian State Medical University», Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor M.V. -
Clinical Importance of the Middle Meningeal Artery
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Jagiellonian Univeristy Repository FOLIA MEDICA CRACOVIENSIA 41 Vol. LIII, 1, 2013: 41–46 PL ISSN 0015-5616 Przemysław Chmielewski1, Janusz skrzat1, Jerzy waloCha1 CLINICAL IMPORTANCE OF THE MIDDLE MENINGEAL ARTERY Abstract: Middle meningeal artery (MMA)is an important branch which supplies among others cranial dura mater. It directly attaches to the cranial bones (is incorporated into periosteal layer of dura mater), favors common injuries in course of head trauma. This review describes available data on the MMA considering its varability, or treats specific diseases or injuries where the course of MMA may have clinical impact. Key words: Middle meningeal artery (MMA), aneurysm of the middle meningeal artery, epidural he- matoma, anatomical variation of MMA. TOPOGRAPHY OF THE MIDDLE MENINGEAL ARTERY AND ITS BRANCHES Middle meningeal artery (MMA) [1] is most commonly the strongest branch of maxillary artery (from external carotid artery) [2]. It supplies blood to cranial dura mater, and through the numerous perforating branches it nourishes also periosteum of the inner aspect of cranial bones. It enters the middle cranial fossa through the foramen spinosum, and courses between the dura mater and the inner aspect of the vault of the skull. Next it divides into two terminal branches — frontal (anterior) which supplies blood to bones forming anterior cranial fossa and the anterior part of the middle cranial fossa; parietal branch (posterior), which runs more horizontally toward the back and supplies posterior part of the middle cranial fossa and supratentorial part of the posterior cranial fossa. -
Morphology of the Pterion in Serbian Population
Int. J. Morphol., 38(4):820-824, 2020. Morphology of the Pterion in Serbian Population Morfología del Pterion en Población Serbia Knezi Nikola1; Stojsic Dzunja Ljubica1; Adjic Ivan2; Maric Dusica1 & Pupovac Nikolina4 KNEZI, N.; STOJSIC, D. L.; ADJIC, I.; MARIC, D. & PUPOVAC, N. Morphology of the pterion in Serbian population. Int. J. Morphol., 38(4):820-824, 2020. SUMMARY: The pterion is a topographic point on the lateral aspect of the skull where frontal, sphenoid, parietal and temporal bones form the H or K shaped suture. This is an important surgical point for the lesions in anterior and middle cranial fossa. This study was performed on 50 dry skulls from Serbian adult individuals from Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine in Novi Sad. The type of the pterion on both sides of each skull was determined and they are calcified in four types (sphenoparietal, frontotemporal, stellate and epipteric). The distance between the center of the pterion and defined anthropological landmarks were measured using the ImageJ software. Sphenoparietal type is predominant with 86 % in right side and 88 % in left side. In male skulls, the distance from the right pterion to the frontozygomatic suture is 39.89±3.85 mm and 39.67±4.61 mm from the left pterion to the frontozygomatic suture. In female skulls the distance is 37.38±6.38 mm on the right and 35.94±6.46 mm on the left. The shape and the localization of the pterion are important because it is an anatomical landmark and should be used in neurosurgery, traumatology and ophthalmology. -
Lab Manual Axial Skeleton Atla
1 PRE-LAB EXERCISES When studying the skeletal system, the bones are often sorted into two broad categories: the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton. This lab focuses on the axial skeleton, which consists of the bones that form the axis of the body. The axial skeleton includes bones in the skull, vertebrae, and thoracic cage, as well as the auditory ossicles and hyoid bone. In addition to learning about all the bones of the axial skeleton, it is also important to identify some significant bone markings. Bone markings can have many shapes, including holes, round or sharp projections, and shallow or deep valleys, among others. These markings on the bones serve many purposes, including forming attachments to other bones or muscles and allowing passage of a blood vessel or nerve. It is helpful to understand the meanings of some of the more common bone marking terms. Before we get started, look up the definitions of these common bone marking terms: Canal: Condyle: Facet: Fissure: Foramen: (see Module 10.18 Foramina of Skull) Fossa: Margin: Process: Throughout this exercise, you will notice bold terms. This is meant to focus your attention on these important words. Make sure you pay attention to any bold words and know how to explain their definitions and/or where they are located. Use the following modules to guide your exploration of the axial skeleton. As you explore these bones in Visible Body’s app, also locate the bones and bone markings on any available charts, models, or specimens. You may also find it helpful to palpate bones on yourself or make drawings of the bones with the bone markings labeled. -
Functional Structure of the Skull and Fractures of the Skull Thickened and Thinner Parts of the Skull
Functional structure of the skull and Fractures of the skull Thickened and thinner parts of the skull = important base for understanding of the functional structure of the skull → - the transmission of masticatory forces - fracture predilection Thickned parts: . sagittal line . ventral lateral line . dorsal lateral line Thinner parts: . articular fossa . cribriform plate . foramines, canals and fissures . anterior, medial and posterior cranial fossa Thickned parts: . tuber parietalis . mastoid process . protuberantia occipitalis ext. et int. linea temporalis . margin of sulcus sinus: - sagitalis sup. - transversus Functional structure of the skull Facial buttresses system . Of thin segments of bone encased and supported by a more rigid framework of "buttresses" . The midface is anchored to the cranium through this framework . Is formed by strong frontal, maxillary, zygomatic and sphenoid bones and their attachments to one another Tuber maxillae Vertical buttress Sinus maxillae Orbita . nasomaxillary Nasal cavity . zygomaticomaxillary . pterygomaxillary Horizontal buttress . glabella . orbital rims . zygomatic processes . maxillary palate . The buttress system absorbs and transmits forces applied to the facial skeleton . Masticatory forces are transmitted to the skull base primarily through the vertical buttresses, which are joined and additionally supported by the horizontal buttresses . When external forces are applied, these components prevent disruption of the facial skeleton until a critical level is reached and then fractures occur Stress that occurs from mastication or trauma is transferred from the inferior of the mandible via various trajectory lines → to the condyles glenoid fossa → temporal bone The main alveolar stress concentration were located interradicularly and interproximally Fractures of the skull I. Neurocranial fractures II. Craniofacial fractures I. Neurocranial fracture . A break in the skull bone are generally occurs as a result of a direct impact . -
CT of Perineural Tumor Extension: Pterygopalatine Fossa
731 CT of Perineural Tumor Extension: Pterygopalatine Fossa Hugh D. Curtin1.2 Tumors of the oral cavity and paranasal sinuses can spread along nerves to areas Richard Williams 1 apparently removed from the primary tumor. In tumors of the palate, sinuses, and face, Jonas Johnson3 this "perineural" spread usually involves the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve. The pterygopalatine fossa is a pathway of the maxillary nerve and becomes a key landmark in the detection of neural metastasis by computed tomogaphy (CT). Oblitera tion of the fat in the fossa suggests pathology. Case material illustrating neural extension is presented and the CT findings are described. Perineural extension is possibly the most insidious form of tumor spread of head and neck malignancy. After invading a nerve, tumor follows the sheath to reach the deeper connections of the nerve, escaping the area of a planned resection. Thus, detection of this form of extension is important in treatment planning and estimation of prognosis. The pterygopalatine fossa (PPF) is a key crossroad in extension along cranial nerve V. The second branch of the trigeminal nerve passes from the gasserian ganglion through the foramen rotundum into the PPF. Here the nerve branches send communications to the palate, sinus, nasal cavity, and face. Tumor can follow any of these routes proximally into the PPF and eventually to the gasserian ganglion in the middle cranial fossa. The PPF contains enough fat to be an ideal subject for computed tomographic (CT) evaluation. Obliteration of this fat is an important indicator of pathology, including perineural tumor spread. Other signs of perineural extension include enlargement of foramina, increased enhancement in the region of Meckel cave (gasserian ganglion), and atrophy of the muscles innervated by the trigeminal nerve. -
Humans Preserve Non-Human Primate Pattern of Climatic Adaptation
Quaternary Science Reviews 192 (2018) 149e166 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Quaternary Science Reviews journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/quascirev Humans preserve non-human primate pattern of climatic adaptation * Laura T. Buck a, b, , Isabelle De Groote c, Yuzuru Hamada d, Jay T. Stock a, e a PAVE Research Group, Department of Archaeology, University of Cambridge, Pembroke Street, Cambridge, CB2 3QG, UK b Human Origins Research Group, Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, UK c School of Natural Science and Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, James Parsons Building, Byrom Street, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK d Primate Research Institute, University of Kyoto, Inuyama, Aichi, 484-8506, Japan e Department of Anthropology, Western University, London, Ontario, N6A 3K7, Canada article info abstract Article history: There is evidence for early Pleistocene Homo in northern Europe, a novel hominin habitat. Adaptations Received 9 October 2017 enabling this colonisation are intriguing given suggestions that Homo exhibits physiological and Received in revised form behavioural malleability associated with a ‘colonising niche’. Differences in body size/shape between 2 May 2018 conspecifics from different climates are well-known in mammals, could relatively flexible size/shape Accepted 22 May 2018 have been important to Homo adapting to cold habitats? If so, at what point did this evolutionary stragegy arise? To address these questions a base-line for adaptation to climate must be established by comparison with outgroups. We compare skeletons of Japanese macaques from four latitudes and find Keywords: Adaptation inter-group differences in postcranial and cranial size and shape. Very small body mass and cranial size in Variation the Southern-most (island) population are most likely affected by insularity as well as ecogeographic Colonisation scaling. -
MBB: Head & Neck Anatomy
MBB: Head & Neck Anatomy Skull Osteology • This is a comprehensive guide of all the skull features you must know by the practical exam. • Many of these structures will be presented multiple times during upcoming labs. • This PowerPoint Handout is the resource you will use during lab when you have access to skulls. Mind, Brain & Behavior 2021 Osteology of the Skull Slide Title Slide Number Slide Title Slide Number Ethmoid Slide 3 Paranasal Sinuses Slide 19 Vomer, Nasal Bone, and Inferior Turbinate (Concha) Slide4 Paranasal Sinus Imaging Slide 20 Lacrimal and Palatine Bones Slide 5 Paranasal Sinus Imaging (Sagittal Section) Slide 21 Zygomatic Bone Slide 6 Skull Sutures Slide 22 Frontal Bone Slide 7 Foramen RevieW Slide 23 Mandible Slide 8 Skull Subdivisions Slide 24 Maxilla Slide 9 Sphenoid Bone Slide 10 Skull Subdivisions: Viscerocranium Slide 25 Temporal Bone Slide 11 Skull Subdivisions: Neurocranium Slide 26 Temporal Bone (Continued) Slide 12 Cranial Base: Cranial Fossae Slide 27 Temporal Bone (Middle Ear Cavity and Facial Canal) Slide 13 Skull Development: Intramembranous vs Endochondral Slide 28 Occipital Bone Slide 14 Ossification Structures/Spaces Formed by More Than One Bone Slide 15 Intramembranous Ossification: Fontanelles Slide 29 Structures/Apertures Formed by More Than One Bone Slide 16 Intramembranous Ossification: Craniosynostosis Slide 30 Nasal Septum Slide 17 Endochondral Ossification Slide 31 Infratemporal Fossa & Pterygopalatine Fossa Slide 18 Achondroplasia and Skull Growth Slide 32 Ethmoid • Cribriform plate/foramina -
Macewen'striangle
European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine ISSN 2515-8260 Volume 07, Issue 5, 2020 MacEwen’sTriangle- A Review Dr. Bhaskaran Sathyapriya, Professor, Department of Anatomy, Sree Balaji Dental College & Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education & Research, Chennai Chandrakala B1, Govindarajan Sumathy2, Syed FazilHasan 3, Priyadharshini.M3, Srilakshmi.B 3,Bhaskaran Sathyapriya* 1. Senior Lecturer, Department of Anatomy, Sree Balaji Dental College & Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education & Research, Chennai. 2. Professor and Head, Department of Anatomy, Sree Balaji Dental College & Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education & Research, Chennai. 3. Graduate student, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research *Professor, Department of Anatomy, Sree Balaji Dental College & Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education & Research, Chennai. Abstract In the temporal bone, between the posterior wall of the external acoustic meatus and the posterior root of the zygomatic process is the area called the suprameatal triangle, suprameatal pit, mastoid fossa, foveolasuprameatica, or Mac Ewen's triangle, through which an instrument may be pushed into the mastoid antrum..In the adult, the antrum lies approximately 1.5 to 2 cm deep to the suprameatal triangle. This is an important landmark when performing a cortical mastoidectomy. The triangle lies deep to the cymba conchae.The sex determination of unknown human skulls can be evaluated by using the measurement of the area formed by the xerographic projection of 3craniometric points related to the mastoid process: the porion, asterion, and mastoidale points. Keywords: MacEwen's triangle,mastoidectomy,suprameatal spine,Mastoid antrum ,sex determination,zygomatic process,mastoid process. Introduction MacEwen's triangle is a very important surgical landmark for the mastoid antrum or the largest mastoid air cell.[9] It is also known as Suprameatal triangle or Mastoid fossa.[4] The suprameataltrigone plays a big role in the aspect of clinics. -
Atlas of the Facial Nerve and Related Structures
Rhoton Yoshioka Atlas of the Facial Nerve Unique Atlas Opens Window and Related Structures Into Facial Nerve Anatomy… Atlas of the Facial Nerve and Related Structures and Related Nerve Facial of the Atlas “His meticulous methods of anatomical dissection and microsurgical techniques helped transform the primitive specialty of neurosurgery into the magnificent surgical discipline that it is today.”— Nobutaka Yoshioka American Association of Neurological Surgeons. Albert L. Rhoton, Jr. Nobutaka Yoshioka, MD, PhD and Albert L. Rhoton, Jr., MD have created an anatomical atlas of astounding precision. An unparalleled teaching tool, this atlas opens a unique window into the anatomical intricacies of complex facial nerves and related structures. An internationally renowned author, educator, brain anatomist, and neurosurgeon, Dr. Rhoton is regarded by colleagues as one of the fathers of modern microscopic neurosurgery. Dr. Yoshioka, an esteemed craniofacial reconstructive surgeon in Japan, mastered this precise dissection technique while undertaking a fellowship at Dr. Rhoton’s microanatomy lab, writing in the preface that within such precision images lies potential for surgical innovation. Special Features • Exquisite color photographs, prepared from carefully dissected latex injected cadavers, reveal anatomy layer by layer with remarkable detail and clarity • An added highlight, 3-D versions of these extraordinary images, are available online in the Thieme MediaCenter • Major sections include intracranial region and skull, upper facial and midfacial region, and lower facial and posterolateral neck region Organized by region, each layered dissection elucidates specific nerves and structures with pinpoint accuracy, providing the clinician with in-depth anatomical insights. Precise clinical explanations accompany each photograph. In tandem, the images and text provide an excellent foundation for understanding the nerves and structures impacted by neurosurgical-related pathologies as well as other conditions and injuries.