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The Rise of the Games the Olympic Games Originated Long Ago In
The Rise of the Games The Olympic Games originated long ago in ancient Greece. Exactly when the Games were first held and what circumstances led to their creation is uncertain. We do know, however, that the Games were a direct outgrowth of the values and beliefs of Greek society. The Greeks idealized physical fitness and mental discipline, and they believed that excellence in those areas honored Zeus, the greatest of all their gods. One legend about the origin of the Olympic Games revolves around Zeus. It was said Zeus once fought his father, Kronos, for control of the world. Although we do not know just when the Games were first played, the earliest recorded Olympic competition occurred in 776 B.C. It had only one event, the one-stade (approximately 630-foot or 192-meter) race, which was won by a cook named Coroebus. This was the start of the first Olympiad, the four-year period by which the Greeks recorded their history. Generally, only freeborn men and boys could take part in the Olympic Games (servants and slaves were allowed to participate only in the horse races). Women were forbidden, on penalty of death, even to see the Games. In 396 B.C. , however, a woman from Rhodes successfully defied the death penalty. When her husband died, she continued the training of their son, a boxer. She attended the Games disguised as a man and was not recognized until she shouted with joy over her son's victory. Her life was spared because of the special circumstances and the fact that her father and brothers had been Olympians. -
The Olympic Symbols
The Olympic symbols Introduction Rings, motto and flame — Transmitting the values of Olympism through symbols : universality, excellence, peace and openness to 2 others. The rings Five interlacing rings to illustrate the universality of the Olympic Movement and the Olympic Games — Rings and flag proposed by 3 Pierre de Coubertin in 1914 — Presence of the rings and flag at the Olympic Games — Symbol recognised all over the world. The motto Citius Altius Fortius : three Latin words to convey an ideal — Motto used by Henri Didon and adopted by Pierre de Coubertin in 1894. 6 The flame Link between the Games of antiquity and the modern Games — Message of peace and friendship — Lighting of the flame and 7 organisation of the relay. © Olympic Museum and Studies Centre, Lausanne, 2002 2 The Olympic symbols Introduction The meaning and the values of Olympism are conveyed by symbols : among these are the rings, the motto and the flame. These symbols transmit a message in a simple and direct manner. They give the Olympic Movement and the Games an identity. CLOSE-UP OF THE SYMBOLS IN THE OLYMPIC STADIUM Outside the entrance to the Olympic Museum in Lausanne (Switzerland), the three symbols are brought together to welcome visitors from the whole world : – The Olympic flag, decorated with five rings, flutters at the top of a flagpole – The motto is engraved on a cauldron – A fire burns in the cauldron, as a reminder of the Olympic flame. © Olympic Museum and Studies Centre, Lausanne, 2002 3 The Olympic symbols The rings The five rings represent the five continents. -
Section Two ATHENS 2004 MISSION
2 IN the true spirit of the Games section two ATHENS 2004 MISSION he mission of Athens 2004 was broad in scope and precise in purpose. Combining ambition with clarity, the mission provided the Athens Organising Committee with succinct statements on an expansive foundation of goals. As a major theme of the 2004 Olympic Games had emphasised, all efforts of the Athens Organising Committee were made In the True Spirit of the Games. The Athens 2004 mission guided the management and execution of the 2004 Olympic Games. It gave purpose to the first global Olympic torch relay in history. It fostered a keen awareness of the impact of the 2004 Olympic Games on the athletes, the spectators, and the people around the world who would experience the return of the Games to the place of their ancient birth. The mission promised to uphold the Olympic ideals, to respect the culture and natural environment of Greece, and to showcase the nation’s past, present and future. It directed the Athens 2004 Olympic marketing agenda. And, finally, the mission encouraged an Olympic legacy that would benefit the Olympic Movement, the host country, and the world. 9 The Athens 2004 mission promised overall that the people of Greece would host unique Olympic Games on a human scale and inspire the world to celebrate the Olympic values. With breadth and focus, it promised to fulfill these nine goals: To organise technically excellent Olympic Games. To provide to the athletes, spectators, viewers and volunteers a unique Olympic experience, thus leaving behind a legacy for the Olympic Movement. -
Ready, Set ... Preparing for the Beijing Olympics
Ready, Set . Preparing for the Beijing Olympics GET SET . In China, and all over the world, preparations for the 2008 Olympics in Beijing are gearing up for the final lead- up stage. This IR2008 update focuses on three groups—the Beijing hosts, the corporate community and ath - letes—to report on some of their key preparatory activities. This IR2008 update also identifies some actions that different actors can take to address the ongoing deterioration of human rights, including violations related to Olympics preparations. OLYMPISM The goal of Olympism is to place sport at the service of the harmonious development of man, with a view to pro - moting a peaceful society concerned with the preservation of human dignity.—Olympic Charter, Fundamental Principle 2. The “Fuwa” Mascots: Environmental contingency plan: Close • Beibei (a fish), Jingjing (a panda), Huan - down, take a vacation huan (an Olympic flame), Yingying (a With growing concerns over environmental Beijing Hosting Tibetan antelope) and Nini (a swallow) degradation, including air and water quality, 1 • Lele, a cow, is the Paralympics mascot rumors are circulating that factories and “Hosting the Games will help raise the living • The five names form the Chinese other businesses will be shut down during standard of the Chinese people and speed up phrase “Beijing huanying ni” (“Welcome the games to clear the air—resulting in a China’s reform, which will also leave an to Beijing) 16-day vacation for all Beijing residents. important legacy to China.” • English name changed from “Friendlies” —Beijing Mayor Liu Qi, also president of the to “Fuwa” (“lucky kids”) because of con - Producing the Show: “Vision Beijing” Beijing 2008 Olympic Bid Committee .1 cerns about Chinese people misreading Organized by the Beijing Association for Cul - the name tural Exchanges with Foreign Countries, five The Beijing Organizing Committee for the directors will each shoot a five-minute film to Games (BOCOG) of the XXIX Olympiad con - Yuan Yonglin, Vice chairman and president celebrate Beijing. -
The Olympic Flame
THE OLYMPIC FLAME A Christian Perspective Andrew Chapman The Olympic Flame A Christian Perspective Andrew Chapman Oxford June 2012 Introduction Until the twenty third of April 2012, I had perceived the Olympic Games primarily as a sporting event, albeit one with a pagan history, having its origins in ancient Greece. On that day, I did a little research, and discovered to my horror, that it is not so much a matter of pagan roots but of a still living tree of pagan and idolatrous worship. Acts of worship to foreign gods are an integral part of the Olympic Games, enshrined in the Olympic Charter and in the Protocols of the International Olympic Committee (IOC), which is the governing authority of the Games. For a Christian nation like Britain (which despite its great backsliding still has the Coronation Oath, Christian acts of worship in State schools, oaths on the Holy Bible in Courts, and a majority of the population describing themselves as Christian) to host the Olympic Games and thereby be responsible for the commission and execution and propagation of idolatrous worship is a great transgression against Almighty God, who gave us His only Son to die for us that we might be saved from our iniquity and find the path of eternal peace in Him. For the church of Jesus Christ to join in the celebrations of a pagan nature which have already begun with the arrival of the Olympic Torch in Britain on 18 May 2012, is to commit a sin of the worst sort, amounting in effect to a denial of the Lord and a transgression of the most basic of all commandments: 'You shall have no other gods before Me.' Exodus 20 v 3 Ceremonies The IOC state explicitly that the 'ceremonial aspects of the Olympic Games have served to set them apart from other international sport competitions'1. -
From Myth to Torch Relay
n Greek mythology, PROMETHEUS brought a the Hephaistia, but also in honour of ARTEMIS spark of heavenly fire to earth for man, his BENDIS. The variation of a torch ride can be traced Icreation, thus making him the ruler of the back to Thracian influences.4 JÜTHNER describes elements. He was punished by being chained to the torch relays as "essentially a matter of cult, only the Caucasian mountains. However, the great secondarily a matter of sport."5 This ambivalence also step forward into civilization had been taken by marks the modern re-enactments and probably means of the glowing pith of a torch, made from has a direct effect on their power of fascination. It a giant fennel stalk, which had been lighted at serves, moreover, to reinforce the separate nature the fiery chariot of the sun. Following on from of the Olympic Festival as a whole. these mythical conceptions of ancient days, the fire that was brought down from heaven became "The opening ceremonies, including the lighting a representation of reason and enlightenment, of of the sacred flame at Archaia Olympia and its freedom and the creative ability of the human relay to the 'New Olympia' are rites of separation race as a whole. In this case, too, Greek mythology from ordinary lire, initiating the period of public 1 has created an effect which can hardly be liminality."6 encompassed and whose influence can be seen in the Olympic ceremonies. The torch as a symbol and personification in At the ancient festivals held in honour of ancient and Christian mythology and art can PROMETHEUS in Athens, the craftsmen, particularly merely be mentioned here. -
Vocabulary Worksheets Understanding and Using English Grammar, 4Th Edition Chapter 11: the Passive
Vocabulary Worksheets Understanding and Using English Grammar, 4th Edition Chapter 11: The Passive Worksheet 1. Reading: The Ancient Olympic Games Read the article about the ancient Olympic Games. Then review the glossary and complete the exercises that follow it. 1 According to legend, the ancient Olympic Games were founded by Heracles, a son of Zeus 2 (a Greek god). The first real Olympic Games for which we have written records were held in 3 776 BCE. These original Olympic Games were held on the plains of Olympia in Greece. 4 At the first Olympic Games, there was only one event: a sprint race, called the stadion race. 5 The word stadium is derived from this foot race. The race was 192 meters (210 yards) in 6 length and was won by a baker from a neighboring area. This first Olympic champion was 7 awarded the equivalent of today’s gold medal: a wreath of olive branches, which was placed 8 on his head. The olive tree of ancient Greece was not an ordinary tree; it was considered 9 sacred, so to be for an athlete to be crowned with an olive wreath was a holy honor. 10 Over the years, more races and more events were added, including wrestling, boxing, and 11 equestrian events (events with horses and people, such as chariot races and horse races). 12 In addition to the olive wreaths, winners received palm branches and woolen ribbons as 13 prizes. Winners of the Games were honored throughout Greece and were hailed as heroes in 14 their hometowns. -
From Symbol of Idealism to Money-Spinner
From Symbol of Idealism to Money-Spinner By Karl Lennartz 1 The traditional flag ceremonial at the Opening of the XXII Olympic Winter Games. The banner was carried among others by the ice hockey legend Vyacheslav Fetisov (far left), the six times Olympic speed skating champion Lidiya Skoblikova and by the first woman in space, Valentina Tereshkova. Photo: picture-alliance It was one of the most significant articles Coubertin To back up his theory, he looked at the list of countries ever wrote. It appeared in the August 1913 volume of the in Coubertin’s article: Sweden (for 1912), Greece (1896), Revue Olympique, a publication he had edited since France (1900), Great Britain (1908) and America (1904). 1901 and introduced his great symbol for the Olympic There followed Germany (1916), Belgium (1920), and Movement. “L’emblème et le drapeau de 1914”2 un- finally Italy, Hungary, Spain, Brazil, Australia, Japan and veiled the five coloured rings as the Olympic emblem China. 4 and flag. He had designed them for the 20th anniversary Young’s hypothesis provokes questions, in particular of the Olympic Movement, which was to be solemnly why Coubertin did not use the correct chronological celebrated in Paris in 1914 order, i.e. Athens, Paris, St. Louis, London and Stock- Coubertin interpreted the five rings as the five parts holm? How did Coubertin know, at the time of the of the world: “les cinq parties du monde“.3 By this he publication of his article, where the 1920 Games would could only have meant the continents of Africa, America, take place, for after all at the time of the Olympic Congress Asia, Australia and Europe, for in 1912 in Stockholm, the of 1914 there were still two applicants, Budapest and participation of two Japanese competitors meant that Antwerp, and the Hungarian capital was considered to all five were represented for the first time. -
Lighting the Flame
TORCH RELAY l;!rcti Ri-Liy LIGHTING THE FLAME THE 2008 OLYMPIC TORCH RELAY WILL SEE THE FLAME EMBARK ON A RECORD-BREAKING JOURNEY THAT FOLLOWS A LONG TRADITION OF WHAT IS NOW AN INTEGRAL PART OF THE GAMES. JANET CAHILL REPORTS Above Crossing he 2008 Olympic flame will be lit from the sun's rays in the the River Thames traditional ceremony in Olympia, Greece, on 24 March, The 2008 at Windsor during TOlympic Torch Relay will travel through Greece for six days, then the 1948 Relay the flame will be handed over to the Beijing Organising Committee Right Norma (BOCOG) on 30 March at the site of the first modern Games in 1896, the Enriqueta Basilio Panathinaiko Stadium in Athens. The flame will fty to Beijing, where a prepares to light secondary lantern will be lit to take the flame to the 8,300m peak of the cauldron at Mt. Qomolangma (Everest). The great challenge will not only be in reaching the climax of the the peak on time, but keeping the flame alive; if successful, this will be 1968 Relay the highest altitude at which an Olympic flame has ever burned, and >• 40 OLYMPIC REVIEW '^49^ OLYMPIC REVIEW 41 TORCH RELAY satellite TV coverage is due to beam the moment to and softness, implicitness and elegance in traditional • The base will have four legs with eight faces - the worid. Meanwhile, the Olympic Torch Relay will Chinese arts". offering a welcome to Olympic friends from all make its journey to 19 cities outside China from 2 April The Olympic torch is always designed to reflect directions across the worid to 30 April including Almaty, Istanbul, St Petersburg, the history or culture of the host nation. -
Unit 1Olympic Games
Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-74362-4 - Cambridge IGCSE First Language English Workbook, Third Edition Marian Cox Excerpt More information Unit 1 Olympic Games Reading 1 Read the article below. Passage A: The Olympic fl ame he carrying of the Olympic fl ame from its source in TOlympia in Greece is one of the more spectacular features of the Games. It is also one of the ways in which the modern Games are linked to the original Ancient Greek games of 2500 years ago, although when the modern Olympic Games were fi rst held in Athens in 1896, the Olympic fl ame played no part. It was not introduced into the opening ceremony until the 1928 Games in Amsterdam, and the relay, the carrying of the fl ame from Olympia itself, was only introduced eight years later, at the celebrated Berlin Games of 1936. The fl ame was lit at Olympia by women wearing traditional Greek costume and it was then carried by relays of runners the 1910 miles overland to Berlin in 12 days. They passed through fi ve other countries on the way. Sometimes the fl ame goes out, and a backup lantern is always carried from Olympia in case relighting is necessary. In 1976 and 1984 this happened and the torch was successfully relit. The 1964 Tokyo Olympics involved the largest number of torch-bearing runners: 101,839. The longest Olympic relay was for the 2000 Sydney Olympics, when the torch travelled 37,500 miles through 14 countries over 120 days. The Olympic fl ame features in both summer and winter Olympics. -
Confessions of an Olympic Torch Relay Shuttle Host
CONFESSIONS OF AN OLYMPIC TORCH RELAY SHUTTLE HOST BY DAVE DOROGHY INTRODUCTION Just like flames need oxygen to continue burning, an Olympic Torch Relay needed torchbearers to continually propel it from one end of Canada to the other. Thousands upon thousands of people from every corner of the country, to feed the ever-moving convoy, to feed the machine. CORNER BROOK, NL THE KLEENEX EXPRESS As a shuttle host one of my jobs was to keep the There was a woman who had survived cancer but torchbearers’ ride to their drop-off point interesting, was still missing most of her hair. When I greeted her fun and meaningful. It was pretty standard for all the at the collection point at the beginning of the day she shuttle hosts to go around the bus and ask for stories told me that she had been waiting her whole life for of how people got to this moment in their lives, or for this moment. them to share an Olympic moment with the rest of the There was an older man who narrowly missed competing torchbearers on the bus. It was a team-building exercise in the Olympics 50 years ago. When I let him off the as well as a way for them to get to know each other bus at his spot, his eyes welled up with tears as he a bit better. After all, in a few minutes they would be said to me, “I finally get to take part in the Olympics”. passing the torch to one another. There was a woman who had a car accident a year I called the bus in the picture the, “Kleenex Express”. -
Ancient Macedonians
Ancient Macedonians This article is about the native inhabitants of the historical kingdom of Macedonia. For the modern ethnic Greek people from Macedonia, Greece, see Macedonians (Greeks). For other uses, see Ancient Macedonian (disambiguation) and Macedonian (disambiguation). From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia ANCIENT MACEDONIANS ΜΑΚΕΔΌΝΕΣ Stag Hunt Mosaic, 4th century BC Languages. Ancient Macedonian, then Attic Greek, and later Koine Greek Religion. ancient Greek religion The Macedonians (Greek: Μακεδόνες, Makedónes) were an ancient tribe that lived on the alluvial plain around the rivers Haliacmonand lower Axios in the northeastern part of mainland Greece. Essentially an ancient Greek people,[1] they gradually expanded from their homeland along the Haliacmon valley on the northern edge of the Greek world, absorbing or driving out neighbouring non-Greek tribes, primarily Thracian and Illyrian.[2][3] They spoke Ancient Macedonian, a language closely related to Ancient Greek, perhaps a dialect, although the prestige language of the region was at first Attic and then Koine Greek.[4] Their religious beliefs mirrored those of other Greeks, following the main deities of the Greek pantheon, although the Macedonians continued Archaic burial practices that had ceased in other parts of Greece after the 6th century BC. Aside from the monarchy, the core of Macedonian society was its nobility. Similar to the aristocracy of neighboring Thessaly, their wealth was largely built on herding horses and cattle. Although composed of various clans, the kingdom of Macedonia, established around the 8th century BC, is mostly associated with the Argead dynasty and the tribe named after it. The dynasty was allegedly founded by Perdiccas I, descendant of the legendary Temenus of Argos, while the region of Macedon perhaps derived its name from Makedon, a figure of Greek mythology.