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Ehe/Icp /Cws/003 (Ras/81!024) Re f: (WP)EHE/ICP /CWS/003 AUGUST 1985 (RAS/81!024) ENGLISH ONLY A CASE STUDY 1 ON J 1 INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT • IN THE WATER AND SANITATION SECTORS tI • AND INTEGRATION OF PHC WITH RURAL WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION IN MALAYSIA i I ~ Prepared under the joint sponsorship of the United Nations Development Programme, the World Health Organization and the Ministry of Health of Malaysia Not for Sale Printed and Distributed by the Regional Office for the Western Pacific Region of the World Health Organization Manila, Philippines 1985 l CONTENTS SECTION 1 .................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Purpose .................................................................................................. 1 SECTION 2 .................................................................................................. ,. ............ .. 1 2. Water supply and sanitation in Malaysia •••.•••••••••••• 1 2.1 Federal Government .................... '" .......... '" ...................................... .. 1 2.2 State governments ............................................................................. .. 2 2.3 Sarawak ........................................ 10 .................................................... .. 2 2.4 Overview ............................................................................................ .. 4 2.5 The Public Works Department ..••••••••......•...•...•... 4 2.6 Kuching Water Board ............................................ " ........................ .. 6 2.7 Sebu Water Board ...••••••••••••.••.•.•.••.•••.....••..• 8 2.8 Medical and Health Department •..•.•••..•.•..•.•.••. a ••• 10 2.9 Rural Health Improvement Scheme (RHIS) ...................... 10 SECTION 3 .............................................................. 28 3. Integration of primary health care with rural water supply and sanitation in Lundu District, Sarawak, Malaysia ............................................. 28 3.1 Purpose of the case study ••..••••••••••.•••.•••.•••••.• 28 3.2 Criteria for the selection of a study area ••••••••••••• 28 3.3 Background ........................................................ 28 3.4 Water and sanitation programme 3.5 Agencies involved in the study 3.6 Existing coverage - water and sanitation, Lundu District 3.7 Data collection ............................................. .. 33 3.8 Information compiled ••...••••••..•.••.•..••.••...•••••• 33 3.9 PrograJllllle developiDent ......................................... 37/38 3.10 Progr8lllllle implementation ................................ 45 3.11 Preventive maintenance programme •..••••......••••...••. 46 3.12 Objective ....................................................... 46 3.13 FOrlls ...................................................... 47 3.14 Programme development .•••••..••••.••.••••.•..••••.••••. 50 3.15 Training programme - village workers •.•...••••••••...•• 51/52 3.16 Drinking water quality surveillance ••.••••...•.••••..•• 61 3.17 Programme development .•...••.•.•••.•••.•.•••••.•••••••• 61 3.18 Resource needs ........................................... 74 - ii - ANNEX 1 - IDWSSD ADVISORY SERVICES PROJECT ICP/BSM/006 (RAS/81/024) TERMS OF REFERENCE - THE CASE STUDY DESCRIBING THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE WATER SECTOR IN MALAYSIA AMI> THE IMPLEMENTATION OF A COMPREHENSIVE ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRAMME IN nlE LU!lDU DISTRICT IN THE STATE OF SARAWAK, MALAYSIA •••••••••••••• 75/76 ANNEX 2 - FORMS USED IN TIm ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION PROGBAKH! - FIRST DIVISION, SARAWAK •••••••••••• 93/94 ANNEX 3-1 - DETAILS OF WATER SYSTEM AT RAMPONG PAMPONG PUEH LUNDU DISTlICT, SARAWAK ••••.•••••••..•••••••••. 101/102 ANNEX 3-2 - DETAILS OF WATER SYSTEM AT KAHPONG LLAOH LUNDU DISTRICT, SARAWAK •••••••••••••••••••••••• 111/112 ANNEX 3-3 - PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE FOlKS ••••••••••••••••••• 121/122 ANNEX 3-4 - TRAIJIING PROGRAMME FOR VILLAGE WORKERS SUPPLY SYSTEtt.S •.•••••••.• a............................... 149/150 .ABLE 2-1 - DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION BY DISTRICT/SEX IN THE FIRST DIVISLON •••.••••••••••••••••••••••••••••. 4 TABLE 2-2 - PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT WATER SUPPLY INSTALLATIONS 1959 - 1981 ••••.••••••••••••••••.••••••...••••. 5 TABLE 2-3 - KUCHING WATER BOARD WATER SUPPLY INSTALLATIONS 1959 - 1983 ..................................... , ..... • 7 TABLE 2-4 - SIBU WATER BOARD - WATER SUPPLY INSTALLATION 1959 - 1982 .................................... '" •. .... ... .. 9 TABLE 3-1 - EXISTING COVERAGE WATER AND SANITATION SERVICES LUNDU DISTRICT ............................................. 31/32 TABLE 3-2 - REPAIR/UPGIlADING - EXISTING WATER SYSTEMS •••••• 39/40 TABLE 3-3 - COHMUNITIES WITHOUT WATER SUPPLIES .................. 44 TABLE 3-4 - WA TEll. SCIIl!MES IMPLEMENTED LUNDU DISTRICT - 1984 .•••••••••••.•••..•..•.•.. 46 TABLE 3-5 - PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE FORMS ••••••••••••••••••• 49 TABLE 3-6 - MINIMUM FREQUENCY PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE INSPECTIONS ••••••••••••• 51/52 - iii - TABLE 3-7 - BASE DATA WATER QUALITY PROGRAMME LUNDU TOWN • • • • . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . • . • • • • • • • • • • • • • 62 TABLE 3-8 - FREQUENCY AND SAMPLING PROGRAMME SEMATAN T<XrIN • .. .. .. • • .. .. .. .. .. .. • .. .. .. .. .. .. • • .. .. .. .. .. • .. .. .. .. • • • .. 73 TABLE 3-9 - FREQUENCY AND SAMPLING PROGRAMME ........ ,. ,. ............. .. 73 TABLE 5 DISTRIBUTION OF HEALTH INSPECTORS AND RURAL HEALTH SUPERVISORS IN SARAWAK .................................... 16 TABLE r, - WATER SUPPLY DEVELOPMENTS OF THE MEDICAL DEPARt'MENT .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 21 TABLE 7 RURAL ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PROGRAMME LATRINE PROJECT ............................................................... 23 FIGURE 1 ORGANIZATIONAL CHART - MEDICAL AND HEALTH SERVICES SARAWAI{ .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. • .. .. .. .. .. • • .. .. • • .. .. .. .. .. • .. .. .. .. • .. 13 FIGURE 3-1 - INFORMATION ON RURAL WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION STATE OF SARAWAK ....................................................... .. 35/36 FIGURE 3-2 - VILLAGE WATER SYSTEMS PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE ..••.•.•••••••••.•.•••••••••.••••••.•• 53/54 FIGURE 3-3 - P.W.D. WATER SYSTEM FOR LUNDU TOWN 63/-94 FIGURE 3-4 - P.W.D. WATER SYSTEM FOR SEMATAN BAZAAR ............... 6-''r/&6 FIGURE 3-6 - WATER QUALITY PARAMETERS ............................................ 69/70 SECTION 1 1.1 Purpose The Medical and Health Department, Sarawak, and WHO agreed to collaborate in carrying out a case study as part of the UNDP-funded International Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Decade (IDWSSD) advisory services project. The purpose of the case study is to document: (a) the development of the water and sanitation sectors in Malaysia, with particular reference to the rural areas of the country; and (b) the implementation of a comprehensive environmental sanitation programme in Lundu District, Sarawak. The detailed terms of reference are included in Annex 1. Case study (a) will be discussed in Section 2 and (b) will be presented in Section 3. SECTION 2 2. Water supply and sanitation in Malaysia 2.1 Federal Government Basically, water is a state subject. While the Federal Government provides technical advice and funding, the responsibility for providing water services rests with either the State Public Works Department or specific water boards. The Government is committed to the provision of safe water to 90% of the population by 1990, the end of the Decade. Basically, the Waterworks Division of the federal Public Works Department provides technical advice and assistance to the state public works departments and to the various designated water boards in providing water services to urban and rural communities. The Ministry of Health provides advice and technical assistance to the state departments of health as they provide water services to the rural areas under the rural environmental sanitation programme, where water services from the Public Works Department or the water boards are not available • The Public Works Department is responsible for providing sewerage services to federal government departments and to federally funded development projects. While municipalities are responsible for providing sewerage services, the Federal Government ha.s provided financial assistance for a number of feasibility studies. The Ministry of Health and the Ministry of Housing and Local Government provide technical advice and assistance to the municipalities. The Ministry of Health sets policies and provides technical advice to the state health departments in the implementation of the rural latrine programme. - 2 - A national drinking water quality surveillance programme has been initiated by the Ministry of Health in collaboration with the Public Works Department. A manual, detailing quality standards, frequency of testing for both urbsn and rural syat... guides the state departments in the implementation of the associated activities. The Department of the Environaent is responsible for the control of air, water and land pollution. A number of acts have been established to control general environmental problems but some have been directed towards controlling specific national industrial discharges. The legislation includes; the Environmental Quality Act 1974, Environmental Quality (Sewage and Industrial Effluents) Regulations 1979, Environmental quality (Prescribed Premises) Crude Palm Oil Regulations 1977, Environmental Quality (Marine Pollution Coetrol and Prevention) Regulations
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