The Wealth of Networks. How Social Production Transforms Markets And
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1 The Duality of Peer Production Infrastructure for the Digital Commons, Free Labor for Free‐Riding Firms Mathieu O’Neil, Sophie Toupin, and Christian Pentzold 1 Introduction There never was a “tragedy of the commons”: Garrett Hardin’s overgrazing farmers were victims of a tragedy of self‐management, as they failed to collectively regulate, as equals, their common pasture. When Elinor Ostrom was awarded the Nobel Prize in Economics in 2009, the immemorial notion that there are only two types of goods in the world – private and public, coordinated by markets or the state – was finally put to rest. In the most general terms, peer producers are people who create and manage common‐pool resources together. It sometimes seems as if “peer production” and “digital commons” can be used interchangeably. Digital commons are non‐rivalrous (they can be reproduced at little or no cost) and non‐excludable (no‐one can prevent others from using them, through prop- erty rights for example). So, practically speaking, proprietary objects could be produced by equal “peers,” however we argue that peer production has a normative dimension, so that what chiefly char- acterizes this mode of production is that “the output is orientated towards the further expansion of the commons; while the commons, recursively, is the chief resource in this mode of production” (Söderberg & O’Neil, 2014, p. 2). Though there are many historical antecedents, the term “peer pro- duction,” as an object of public and scientific interest, is historically situated in the early 2000s.1 The meanings associated with a term that is deeply connected to the Internet as it was 20 years ago are bound to change. -
Leaving Reality Behind Etoy Vs Etoys Com Other Battles to Control Cyberspace By: Adam Wishart Regula Bochsler ISBN: 0066210763 See Detail of This Book on Amazon.Com
Leaving Reality Behind etoy vs eToys com other battles to control cyberspace By: Adam Wishart Regula Bochsler ISBN: 0066210763 See detail of this book on Amazon.com Book served by AMAZON NOIR (www.amazon-noir.com) project by: PAOLO CIRIO paolocirio.net UBERMORGEN.COM ubermorgen.com ALESSANDRO LUDOVICO neural.it Page 1 discovering a new toy "The new artist protests, he no longer paints." -Dadaist artist Tristan Tzara, Zh, 1916 On the balmy evening of June 1, 1990, fleets of expensive cars pulled up outside the Zurich Opera House. Stepping out and passing through the pillared porticoes was a Who's Who of Swiss society-the head of state, national sports icons, former ministers and army generals-all of whom had come to celebrate the sixty-fifth birthday of Werner Spross, the owner of a huge horticultural business empire. As one of Zurich's wealthiest and best-connected men, it was perhaps fitting that 650 of his "close friends" had been invited to attend the event, a lavish banquet followed by a performance of Romeo and Juliet. Defiantly greeting the guests were 200 demonstrators standing in the square in front of the opera house. Mostly young, wearing scruffy clothes and sporting punky haircuts, they whistled and booed, angry that the opera house had been sold out, allowing itself for the first time to be taken over by a rich patron. They were also chanting slogans about the inequity of Swiss society and the wealth of Spross's guests. The glittering horde did its very best to ignore the disturbance. The protest had the added significance of being held on the tenth anniversary of the first spark of the city's most explosive youth revolt of recent years, The Movement. -
The Task Force Report
THE MARKLE FOUNDATION TASK FORCE ON NATIONAL SECURITY IN THE INFORMATION AGE Chairmen John Gage Participating Experts Sun Microsystems, Inc. (Non-government) Zoë Baird Markle Foundation Slade Gorton Bruce Berkowitz Preston Gates & Ellis RAND Corporation James L. Barksdale The Barksdale Group Morton H. Halperin Robert Clerman Open Society Institute Mitretek Executive Director Margaret A. Hamburg Mary DeRosa Philip Zelikow Nuclear Threat Initiative Center for Strategic and International Miller Center of Public Affairs Studies University of Virginia John J. Hamre Center for Strategic and International Lauren Hall Members Studies Microsoft Alexander Aleinikoff Eric Holder James Lewis Georgetown University Law Center Covington & Burling Center for Strategic and International Studies Robert D. Atkinson Arnold Kanter Progressive Policy Institute The Scowcroft Group Gilman Louie In-Q-Tel Stewart A. Baker Robert Kimmitt Steptoe & Johnson AOL Time Warner, Inc. Douglas McDonald Abt Associates Eric Benhamou Michael O. Leavitt 3Com Corp. and Palm, Inc. Governor of Utah Daniel Ortiz University of Virginia Jerry Berman Tara Lemmey School of Law Center for Democracy and Project LENS Technology Michael Vatis Judith A. Miller Institute for Security and Technology Robert M. Bryant Williams & Connolly Studies National Insurance Crime Bureau Dartmouth College James H. Morris Ashton Carter Carnegie Mellon University Task Force Staff Harvard University Craig Mundie Mary McKinley Wesley Clark Microsoft Associate Director Stephens Group, Inc. Jeffrey H. Smith Ryan Coonerty Wayne Clough Arnold & Porter Government Affairs Counsel Georgia Institute of Technology Abraham D. Sofaer Peter Kerr William P. Crowell Hoover Institution Markle Foundation Cylink Corporation Stanford University Laura Rozen Sidney D. Drell James B. Steinberg Senior Associate Stanford University The Brookings Institution Tara Sonenshine Esther Dyson Paul Schott Stevens Advisor EDventure Holdings Dechert Stefaan Verhulst Amitai Etzioni Rick White Markle Foundation The George Washington University TechNet David J. -
Black Box Voting Ballot Tampering in the 21St Century
This free internet version is available at www.BlackBoxVoting.org Black Box Voting — © 2004 Bev Harris Rights reserved to Talion Publishing/ Black Box Voting ISBN 1-890916-90-0. You can purchase copies of this book at www.Amazon.com. Black Box Voting Ballot Tampering in the 21st Century By Bev Harris Talion Publishing / Black Box Voting This free internet version is available at www.BlackBoxVoting.org Contents © 2004 by Bev Harris ISBN 1-890916-90-0 Jan. 2004 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form whatsoever except as provided for by U.S. copyright law. For information on this book and the investigation into the voting machine industry, please go to: www.blackboxvoting.org Black Box Voting 330 SW 43rd St PMB K-547 • Renton, WA • 98055 Fax: 425-228-3965 • [email protected] • Tel. 425-228-7131 This free internet version is available at www.BlackBoxVoting.org Black Box Voting © 2004 Bev Harris • ISBN 1-890916-90-0 Dedication First of all, thank you Lord. I dedicate this work to my husband, Sonny, my rock and my mentor, who tolerated being ignored and bored and galled by this thing every day for a year, and without fail, stood fast with affection and support and encouragement. He must be nuts. And to my father, who fought and took a hit in Germany, who lived through Hitler and saw first-hand what can happen when a country gets suckered out of democracy. And to my sweet mother, whose an- cestors hosted a stop on the Underground Railroad, who gets that disapproving look on her face when people don’t do the right thing. -
Book Review – Yochai Benkler, the Wealth of Networks: How Social Production Transforms Markets and Freedom
CLPE Research Paper 6/2007 Vol. 03 No. 02 (2007) James Brink Book Review – Yochai Benkler, The Wealth of Networks: How Social Production Transforms Markets and Freedom Keywords: networked economy, internet regulation, peer production JEL Classification: K10, K29, K42 Osgoode Hall Law School, York University 4700 Keele St., Toronto, ON, Canada M3J 1P3 Email: [email protected] Published in (2006) 7 German Law Journal 853, online: http://www.germanlawjournal.com/article.php?id=765. 967505 CLPE Research Paper 6/2007 Vol. 03 No. 02 (2007) James Brink BOOK REVIEW – YOCHAI BENKLER, THE WEALTH OF NETWORKS: HOW SOCIAL PRODUCTION TRANSFORMS MARKETS AND FREEDOM Benkler argues that the West is engaged in an escalating culture war between the industrial information economy—a one-way, capital- intensive, and professionally-produced model that has held sway for 150 years—and the networked information economy (NIE)—a many- to-many, low-capital, and cooperative model that has been emerging in the last 15 years. The NIE is built on the infrastructure of the internet and is characterized by characterized by (1) non-proprietary strategies, (2) rising non-market production, and (3) more effective, large-scale cooperative efforts; in other words, “peer production of information, knowledge, and culture.” These aspects challenge our economies and our polities, and hold significant promise for enhancing personal autonomy; however, Benkler, in writing what amounts to a manifesto for the internet, pays little attention to the way in which the NIE is vulnerable to technical capture in the same way the industrial information economy is vulnerable to capital capture, taking a “wait-and-see” approach to regulatory intervention. -
Online Media Business Models: Lessons from the Video Game Sector
Komorowski, M and Delaere, S. (2016). Online Media Business Models: Lessons from the Video Game Sector. Westminster Papers in Communication and Culture, 11(1), 103–123, DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.16997/wpcc.220 RESEARCH ARTICLE Online Media Business Models: Lessons from the Video Game Sector Marlen Komorowski and Simon Delaere imec-SMIT, Vrije Universiteit, Brussels, BE Corresponding author: Marlen Komorowski ([email protected]) Today’s media industry is characterized by disruptive changes and business models have been acknowledged as a driving force for success. Current business model research manages only to grasp static descriptions while in reality media managers are struggling with the dynamics of the industry. This article aims to close this gap by investigating a new paradigm of online media business models. Based on three video game case studies of the massively multiplayer online role-playing game genre, this article explores a novel theoretical approach to explain the changes that can be made within business models. The article highlights the importance of changing processes within online media business models and emphasises that the video game sector is at the forefront of business innovation. Finally, it demonstrates that online media business model change is in a trade-off paradigm between capturing or offering potentially higher value per player vs. accessing a potentially larger player-base. Key words: Media industry; business model; process; disruption; video game sector Introduction Today’s media industry is characterized by disruptive transformations shaped by digitization. Digitization is not only generating new business opportunities but threatens traditional commercialization strategies and is proving highly unpredictable with regards to future market development. -
Section One: Getting Started
Section One: Getting Started As you get started on your journey, you will be faced with a few decisions. Some of these will have minimal impact on your long term play, while others will play an important part in how you experience the game. This section will cover the first of those decisions – server (known as ‘shards’ in UO) selection, character creation, and an explanation of the different clients used to play the game (Classic and Enhanced). In this section we will also cover some of the most basic elements of the game that will be a foundation for understanding your new world. This will include basic movement controls, as well as how to use the overhead radar feature. Choose Your Client – Classic vs. Enhanced We will begin with an explanation of the two clients available for use with Ultima Online – the Classic Client and the Enhanced Client. Your choice of client will greatly affect how you view, and play, the game. The best part about having two different clients is that you are not bound to one or another – you are free to switch back and forth so long as you have both installed on your system. Following is a brief explanation of the differences between the two clients. Later in this section will be pictures illustrating some of the differences between the two clients. Classic Client The Classic Client is the original client used to play Ultima Online. It does not have as many features as the Enhanced Client, but is still preferred by many longtime players who favor its simpler nature and the nostalgia that comes with experiencing the game as it was originally intended. -
Gaming Habits and Self-Determination: Conscious and Non-Conscious Paths to Behavior Continuance
GAMING HABITS AND SELF-DETERMINATION: CONSCIOUS AND NON-CONSCIOUS PATHS TO BEHAVIOR CONTINUANCE By Donghee Yvette Wohn A DISSERTATION Submitted to Michigan State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Media and Information Studies – Doctor of Philosophy 2013 ABSTRACT GAMING HABITS AND SELF-DETERMINATION: CONSCIOUS AND NON-CONSCIOUS PATHS TO BEHAVIOR CONTINUANCE By Donghee Yvette Wohn This dissertation examines how non-conscious habits and conscious motivations contribute to an individual’s intention to continue playing online multiplayer games. It empirically examines distinct predictions of behavioral intention based on different theories in two gaming contexts—casual social network games (SNGs) and massively multiplayer online games (MMOs). Addressing inconsistencies in prior studies, habit is conceptualized as the mental construct of automaticity, thus distinguishing habit from frequency of past behavior and self-identity. Results indicate that strong habits positively predict behavior continuation intention and moderate the effect of motivation for SNGs but not MMOs. Self-identity was a positive predictor for both genres. Gender differences in self-determined motivation were present in social network games but not massively multiplayer online games. The residual effect of past behavior was stronger than any conscious or non-conscious processes; once perceived frequency of past behavior was taken into consideration, it was the strongest indicator of behavioral continuation intentions. Copyright by DONGHEE YVETTE WOHN 2013 Dedicated to my progressive grandparents, who believed that higher education was the most important indicator of success for a woman. iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank my dear advisor, Robert LaRose, whose sharp critiques have prepared me for the most ferocious of peer reviewers; whose brilliant insights bore holes in dams of existing scholarship, making way for innovative paradigms; and whose sincere love for students represents the pinnacle of the true spirit of higher education. -
The Pennsylvania State University the Graduate School Department
The Pennsylvania State University The Graduate School Department of English REMIXING THE LOST BOOK OF RHYTHM A Thesis in English by Herschel C. Conner, III Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy August 2006 The thesis of Herschel C. Conner, III was reviewed and approved* by the following: Richard Doyle Professor of English Thesis Advisor Chair of Committee Robert Yarber Distinguished Professor of Art Paul Youngquist Professor of English Jennifer Edbauer Assistant Professor of English Robert Caserio Professor of English Head of the Department of English *Signatures are on file in the Graduate School iii ABSTRACT Remixing the Lost Book of Rhythm focuses on sea-changes in communication, collaboration, and education. Writers today increasingly deploy digital and "musical" techniques such as sampling and mixing to share and transform information and ideas, and I look to diverse rhetorical traditions for clues to a digital pedagogy. I select from primary and secondary source materials— Ancient Greek musical practice, Indian Tala, disciplines of Yoga, global polyrhythmic traditions—as I seek to formulate a theory and pedagogy of "wiki" space. Students and teachers seeking to compose and dwell in the densely interconnected space of digital ecologies, I argue, can learn much from the creative and rhetorical practices found in interactive communities of sound and music today, which form a musical, technological, and rhythmic archive for composers training in the art of rhetoric. My archive suggests rhetorical practices of "rhythm," a long neglected rhetorical effect, are crucial to techniques for navigating the assemblages of technology and community that articulate our classrooms and workplaces today. -
Reviewing Yochai Benkler, the Wealth of Networks: How Social Production Transforms Markets and Freedom (2006))
University of Chicago Law School Chicago Unbound Journal Articles Faculty Scholarship 2007 Wealth without Markets? (reviewing Yochai Benkler, The Wealth of Networks: How Social Production Transforms Markets and Freedom (2006)) Lior Strahilevitz Follow this and additional works at: https://chicagounbound.uchicago.edu/journal_articles Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation Lior Strahilevitz, "Wealth without Markets? (reviewing Yochai Benkler, The Wealth of Networks: How Social Production Transforms Markets and Freedom (2006))," 116 Yale Law Journal 1472 (2007). This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Faculty Scholarship at Chicago Unbound. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal Articles by an authorized administrator of Chicago Unbound. For more information, please contact [email protected]. LIOR JACOB STRAHILEVITZ Wealth Without Markets? The Wealth of Networks: How Social Production Transforms Markets and Freedom BYYOCHAI BENKLER NEW HAVEN: YALE UNIVERSITY PRESS, 20o6. PP. 528. $40.00 A UT HO R. Professor of Law, University of Chicago Law School. The author thanks Yochai Benkler, Richard Epstein, Brett Frischmann, Orin Kerr, Saul Lcvmore, Doug Lichtman, Jonathan Masur, Randy Picker, and Cass Sunstein for their comments, Emily McKinney for helpful research assistance, and the Morton C. Seeley Fund and Sarah Scaife Foundation for research support. 1472 Imaged with the Permission of Yale Law Journal REVIEW CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 1474 I. ASSESSING THE WEALTH OF NETWORKS 1475 A. On the Shoulders of Aristotle: Explaining Excess Capacity 1476 B. On the Shoulders of Titmuss: A Theory of Social Production 1478 C. On the Shoulders of Coase: A Framework for Understanding the Choice of Production Regimes 1484 D. -
Creating a Trusted Information Network for Homeland Security Second Report of the Markle Foundation Task Force
Creating a Trusted Network for Homeland Security Second Report of the Markle Foundation Task Force zoë baird, james barksdale chairmen michael a. vatis executive director Copyright © 2003 Markle Foundation All rights reserved. ISBN 0-9747809-0-1 markle foundation task force on national security in the information age Chairmen Slade Gorton James Dempsey Preston, Gates & Ellis Center for Democracy and Technology Zoë Baird Markle Foundation Morton H. Halperin Mary DeRosa Open Society Institute Center for Strategic and International James L. Barksdale Studies The Barksdale Group Margaret A. Hamburg Nuclear Threat Initiative Lara Flint Executive Director Center for Democracy and Technology John J. Hamre Michael A. Vatis Center for Strategic and International Lauren Hall Markle Foundation Studies Microsoft Members Eric Holder Jeff Jonas Covington & Burling Systems Research & Development Alexander Aleinikoff Georgetown University Law Center Arnold Kanter James Lewis The Scowcroft Group Center for Strategic and International Robert D. Atkinson Studies Progressive Policy Institute Michael O. Leavitt Governor of Utah Terrill D. Maynard Stewart Baker Steptoe & Johnson Tara Lemmey Mary McCarthy Project LENS Center for Strategic and International Eric Benhamou Studies 3Com Corporation Gilman Louie In-Q-Tel Patrick J. Sullivan, Jr. Jerry Berman Cherry Creek Schools Center for Democracy and Technology Judith A. Miller Williams & Connolly Winston Wiley Robert M. Bryant Booz Allen Hamilton National Insurance Crime Bureau James Morris Carnegie Mellon University Associate Director Ashton Carter Harvard University Craig Mundie Mary McKinley Microsoft Markle Foundation Wesley P. Clark Wesley P. Clark & Associates Jeffrey H. Smith Task Force Staff Arnold & Porter Wayne Clough Nancy Boursiquot Georgia Institute of Technology Abraham D. -
216631157.Pdf
The Alternative Media Handbook ‘Alternative media’ are media produced by the socially, culturally and politically e xcluded: they are always independently run and often community-focused, ranging from pirate radio to activist publications, from digital video experiments to ra dical work on the Web. The Alternative Media Handbook explores the many and dive rse media forms that these non-mainstream media take. The Alternative Media Hand book gives brief histories of alternative radio, video and lm, press and activity on the Web, then offers an overview of global alternative media work through nu merous case studies, before moving on to provide practical information about alt ernative media production and how to get involved in it. The Alternative Media H andbook includes both theoretical and practical approaches and information, incl uding sections on: • • • • • • • • successful fundraising podcasting blogging publishing pitch g a project radio production culture jamming access to broadcasting. Kate Coyer is an independent radio producer, media activist and post-doctoral re search fellow with the Annenberg School for Communication at the University of P ennsylvania and Central European University in Budapest. Tony Dowmunt has been i nvolved in alternative video and television production since 1975 and is now cou rse tutor on the MA in Screen Documentary at Goldsmiths, University of London. A lan Fountain is currently Chief Executive of European Audiovisual Entrepreneurs (EAVE), a professional development programme for lm and television producers. He was the rst Commissioning Editor for Independent Film and TV at Channel Four, 198 1–94. Media Practice Edited by James Curran, Goldsmiths, University of London The Media Practice hand books are comprehensive resource books for students of media and journalism, and for anyone planning a career as a media professional.