by Natalie Lunis

DINO_COVERS.indd 5 4/25/08 3:33:24 PM [Intentionally Left Blank] by Natalie Lunis

Consultant: Luis M. Chiappe, Ph.D. Director of the Dinosaur Institute Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County

1630_OceanMonsters_FNL.indd 1 5/16/11 4:41:40 PM Credits Title Page, © Luis Rey; TOC, © Phil Wilson; 4-5, © John Sibbick; 6, © Phil Wilson; 7, © John Bindon; 8, © Spencer Brinker; 9, © Thomas Miller; 10, © Chris Butler/Photo Researchers, Inc.; 11, © John Bindon; 12, © Terry Mckee; 13, © by Karen Carr and Karen Carr Studio; 14T, © Pete Von Sholly; 14B, © Kristian Sekulic/Shutterstock; 15, © John Bindon; 16, © SeaPics.com; 17, © Tick Tock Media; 18, © Ken Lucas/Visuals Unlimited; 19, © Phil Wilson; 20, © Anness Publishing/The Natural History Museum, London; 21, © Tick Tock Media; 23TL, © Kat Ayer/Bearport Publishing; 23TR, © Falk Kienas/ Shutterstock; 23BL, © John Sibbick; 23BR, © Chris Butler/Photo Researchers, Inc.

Publisher: Kenn Goin Editorial Director: Adam Siegel Creative Director: Spencer Brinker Design: Dawn Beard Creative Cover Illustration: Luis Rey Photo Researcher: Omni-Photo Communications, Inc.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Lunis, Natalie. Ocean monsters / by Natalie Lunis. p. cm. — (Dino times trivia) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-1-59716-713-0 (library binding) ISBN-10: 1-59716-713-4 (library binding) 1. Marine reptiles, Fossil—Juvenile literature. I. Title.

QE861.5.L855 2009 567.9’37—dc22 2008010638

Copyright © 2009 Bearport Publishing Company, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in whole or in part, stored in any retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the publisher.

For more information, write to Bearport Publishing Company, Inc., 101 Fifth Avenue, Suite 6R, New York, New York 10003. Printed in the United States of America.

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1630_OceanMonsters_FNL.indd 2 5/1/08 2:47:38 PM Contents

Real-Life Sea Monsters ...... 4 Ichthyosaurus ...... 6 Mosasaurus ...... 8 Elasmosaurus ...... 10 Ophthalmosaurus ...... 12 Kronosaurus ...... 14 Liopleurodon ...... 16 Tylosaurus ...... 18 Nothosaurus ...... 20

Where Did They Live? ...... 22 When Did They Live? ...... 22 Glossary ...... 23 Index ...... 24 Read More ...... 24 Learn More Online ...... 24 About the Author ...... 24

1630_OceanMonsters_FNL.indd 3 5/1/08 4:12:15 PM Real-Life Sea Monsters

More than 65 million years ago, reptiles called dinosaurs roamed the earth. Some were so large that the ground shook as they walked.

At the same time, other kinds of giant reptiles swam and hunted in the ocean. Some were even bigger and more powerful than the dinosaurs.

In this book, you’ll read about eight of these real-life sea monsters. Luckily, they aren’t around anymore. These giant sea reptiles didn’t just live with the dinosaurs—they also died out with them.

4

1630_OceanMonsters_FNL.indd 4 5/1/08 3:53:21 PM Some kinds of dinosaurs ate meat. Others ate plants. All giant sea reptiles, however, were meat-eaters that hunted other animals for food. 5

1630_OceanMonsters_FNL.indd 5 5/1/08 2:48:03 PM Ichthyosaurus How big was it? How do you say it? What does it mean? ik-thee-oh-SOR-uhss fi sh reptile

Ichthyosaurus was shaped like a fish and lived in the water. Yet this sea animal was a reptile—not a fish.

How was Ichthyosaurus different from a fish?

All fish are able to breathe underwater. Ichthyosaurus, like all sea reptiles, could not breathe this way. Instead, it stuck its head above the water every few minutes to breathe air.

6

1630_OceanMonsters_FNL.indd 6 5/5/08 12:38:48 PM Fish use body parts called gills to breathe underwater. Ichthyosaurus and all other sea reptiles that lived with dinosaurs used body parts called lungs to breathe air. 7

1630_OceanMonsters_FNL.indd 7 5/1/08 2:48:37 PM Index breathing 6–7 fossils 9, 18, 22 Nothosaurus 20–21, 22 dinosaurs 4–5, 20 Ichthyosaurus 6–7, 20, 22 Ophthalmosaurus 12–13, 22 Elasmosaurus 10–11, 22 Kronosaurus 14–15, 22 pterosaurs 19 eyes 12, 14 Liopleurodon 16–17, 22 tail 8–9 fish 6–7, 8, 10, 12, 19 Mosasaurus 8–9, 20, 22 Tylosaurus 18–19, 22 flippers 8–9, 20 neck 10–11 Read More Brown, Charlotte Lewis. Hughes, Monica. Lessem, Don. Sea Giants of Beyond the Dinosaurs: Monsters Swimming Giants. Dinosaur Time. Minneapolis, of the Air and Sea. New York: New York: Bearport MN: Lerner Publications HarperCollins (2007). Publishing (2008). (2005). Learn More Online To learn more about ocean monsters, visit www.bearportpublishing.com/DinoTimesTrivia About the Author Natalie Lunis has written more than 30 science and nature books for children. She lives in the New York City area. 24

1630_OceanMonsters_FNL.indd 24 5/5/08 12:45:33 PM [Intentionally Left Blank] How much do you really know about the world that dinosaurs lived in?

Put your knowledge to the test with this question-and-answer book full of fascinating facts about the real-life ocean monsters that once ruled the seas.

Armored and Dangerous Ocean Monsters Savage Slashers Giant-o-saurs Pet-sized Dinos Sky Terrors

by Natalie Lunis

DINO_COVERS.indd 5 4/25/08 3:33:24 PM