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Patti Spezzaferro Sunday, March 31st, 2019 Agenda History of Roses Uses of Roses Hips Flower Forms Types of Roses Companion Planting Disease Resistant Roses Questions Rosa ‘Mount Shasta’ Roses as a symbol: Purity, Love, and War

● Purity

Sandro Botticelli, The Birth of Venus, 1482

image: www.keoneulaes.org Roses as a symbol: ● Love

Jan Brueghel the Elder, Madonna and Child in a Garland, 1621

Image: JanBrueghel.net Roses as a symbol:

● War

War of the Roses, 1455- 1485

Henry Payne, Choosing the Red and White Roses, 1908. www. http://shakespeare.emory.edu/ Roses in Literature

“Love is like the wild rose-briar; Friendship like the holly-tree. The holly is dark when the rose-briar blooms, but which will bloom most constantly?” ― Emily Brontë, The Complete Poems

“O, my luve is like a red, red rose,That’s English rose applied to a naturally newly sprung in June.” attractive woman or girl of traditionally fair complexion who is from or is associated - Robert Burns with England. (1759–96), written in 1794, A Red, Red Rose. Quick Historical Timeline ● 35,000 years ago first fossil evidence ● 3000 B.C. first written record found in Iraq ● 500 B.C. China first to cultivate roses

● 15th century (Middle Ages) Crusaders brought roses from the East to Europe

● 16th century colonists brought the rose to North America Rosa canina, Rose of Hildesheim 700 year old rose ● 1986 President Ronald Reagan proclaimed 69’ X 30’ the rose as its’ National Flower with June Hildesheim Cathedral, being designated as rose month. Hildesheim, Germany www.hi-rose.de Rose Uses: Landscape

Climber: Rosa ‘Sally Holmes’ Groundcover: Rosa ‘Petal pusher’

Images: Pinterest Rose Uses: Landscapes

Hedge: Hedge: Rosa ‘Iceberg’ Rosa ‘Queen Elizabeth’ Rose Uses: Landscapes

Container: Rosa ‘Nina Rosa’

Images:Pinterest Mix border: Rosa ‘Julia Child’, Rosa Midnight Uses:

Medicinal Edible

Image: Stayathomemom.com Rose Uses: Perfumes, cosmetics, rosary beads Rose Uses:

Currency

Apollinary Vasnetsov, Merchants Stalls on the Spasskoe Bridge, 1902

Images: https://01varvara.wordpress.com/ Rose Hips • Edible seed pods.

• Orange to scarlett in color.

• Forms in the fall after the last bloom.

• Harvest hips you must stop deadheading the roses in August. Rosa ‘Altissimo’ • i.e. Rosa canina, Rosa Image: virginiana and Rosa ARS moyesii.

Rose Flower Forms

Single Quartered

Rosa ‘Madame Hardy’ Rosa ‘californica’ www.Hedgerose.com Rose Flower Forms

Globular High Center/Pointed

Rosa ‘Soleil d’or’ Rosa ‘Dick Clark’’ Types of Roses 1. Wild Roses or Species Roses 2. Old or Heritage Roses 3. Modern Roses

2. Rosa ‘Madame Hardy’

3. Rosa ‘Double Delight’

1. Rosa ‘californica’

Images: rhs.org Species or Wild Roses Found in North America, Europe, North Central Asia and the Middle East. Characteristics: ● Simple 5 petal form ● Rarely repeat blooming

● Ample spring 3-6 weeks Rosa palustris, bloom Swamp Rose ● Hips ● Mostly pink in color ● Requires little or no care ● Water (1-2 x a month) Rosa californica, California Wildrose ● Full sun ● Not fussy about soil type images: www. laspilitas.com Rosa californica, California wildrose Rosa californica, www.pilitas.com Shrub: 6’ x 5’ Flower size: 2” Arrangement: clusters in 5-10 Bloom: April to July Scent: light and sweet

Coast: Full sun ETHNOBOTANY: Native Americans ate buds, Tolerates: drought and cold flowers, fruits and seeds. Location: Oregon to Baja Medicine from roots as Shaded canyons, cough medicine, petals and woodlands leaves for a laxative. Dried hips used for tea. Chaparral of the San Joaquin Young wood was used for Hills, Santa Ana Mountains arrow shafts. and foothills. Old Garden Roses or Characteristics: Heritage Roses ● Disease resistant Roses that existed before 1867 ● Highly fragrant

● Require minimal pruning ● Mediterranean origin ● Bloom from last year’s cane ● Blooms in the early spring to early summer ● Hips ● Primarily in the soft shade of white, pink, crimson red Rosa ‘Fantin-latour’ www.rosegardening.com 6 Classes of Old Garden Roses

1. Alba: Snow white showy yellow stamens, semi-double blooms, 6-8’ tall, hardy, can tolerate shade. Alba: Rosa Alba semi-plena Centifolia: Rosa ‘Fantin-Latour’ 2. Centifolia: 100 petals. Painted by Dutch and Flemish artists. Shades of white or pink. Blooms once in early summer. Over 6’ tall.

3. Damask: 5’ tall and arching canes. Blooms once. Very fragrant.

Damask: Rosa ‘Madame Hardy’ 4. Gallica: Referred to as the French Gallica: Rosa Gallica rose. Once blooming. Tolerate shade, ‘officinalis’ poor soil and cold winters. 3-4’ tall

5. Mosses: Pine resin scent. Come in a variety of colors. Mosses: Rosa ‘Henri Martin’ Shrub like, 4 feet tall, once blooming. Grown for their unusual beauty.

Images: www. rhs.org Modern Rose Established in 1867 with the introduction of the first hybrid tea ‘La France’ by Jean Baptiste Guillot.

Characteristics ● Most popular ● Repeat blooms ● Do not always have fragrance ● Some are prone to disease ● Bold colors ● Requires pruning

7 Types () Grandiflora Rosa ‘La France’ Polyantha image: www.dymaxionweb.com Climbing Miniature Shrub Polyantha Rose

● Vigorous growth ● Many caned ● Low growing, 3’ ● Large clusters of small 2” flowers ● Everblooming Rosa ‘The Fairy’ Rosa ‘China Doll’

images: Hybrid Tea Rose www. Pinterest.com

● Most popular ● Long blooming ● 3-7’ tall ● Large 5” flowers ● One stem Rosa ‘Double Delight’ Rosa ‘Brandy’ Floribunda Rose

● Cross between a polyantha and hybrid tea ● More available colors than Polyanthus ● Low growing, 2-3’ ● Small 2” flower clusters Rosa ‘Iceberg’ Rosa ‘Showbiz’ ● Everblooming ● Makes a good hedge

Grandiflora Rose

● Cross between a hybrid tea and a Floribunda ● More available colors than Polyanthas ● 10-12’ tall Rosa ‘Queen Elizabeth’ Rosa ‘Tournament of Roses’ ● Up to 8” flower clusters ● Everblooming

images: Starrosesandplants. com Rambling Rose vs. Climber

Rambler Single bloomer on last years cane late spring early summer More canes Pliable canes Smaller flower Single bloomer Dense clusters Rosa banksiae ‘Lutea’, Yellow Lady Banks Rose Climbing Repeat bloomer Flowers larger Early summer and fall and sparsely in between Slower growing Images: Repeat Bloomer www.pinterest.com Rosa ‘Dortmund’ Miniature Rose

● 12-18” tall ● Require some care ● Everblooming ● Clusters

Rosa ‘Simplex, Rosa ‘Hot Tamale’ www. roguevalleyroses.com www.marinrose.org Shrub Rose

● Upright, mounding, ground covers ● Everblooming Rosa ‘Abraham Darby’, ● Clusters www. hollyacresnursery.com ● Disease and insect resistance ● Requires less pruning ● Fewer thorns ● Many are fragrant Companion Planting

‘May Night’ Salvia, yellow pincushion flower and Rosa ‘Eglantyne.’

Allium christophii in the Dean Bond . Image: R. Robert Companion Planting

Heuchera ‘Marmalade’ mixed with Rosa ‘Grace’

Rosa ‘The Mayflower’ mixed with Penstemon stapleford gem. Companion Planting Roses, geraniums and foxgloves. Image: Coton Manor Garden

Roses and Yarrow, Image: North Haven Garden Disease Resistant Roses

Species roses Groundcover roses

Cherry Parfait - white with red margins Icebergs - white Dortmund - red Elina - soft yellow Fantin Latour - pink The Fairy - pink Heritage - pink Rosa ‘Elina’, image Pinterest Disease Resistant Roses

Rosa ‘Dortmund’ Rosa ‘Elina’ Rosa ‘Fantin Latour’

Rosa ‘The Fairy” Rosa ‘Cherry Parfait’ Rosa ‘Iceberg’ AARS • More disease resistant, • Have sturdy growth, • Exceptional flowers.

Rosa ‘Julia Child’ Rosa ‘About Face’

Rosa ‘Fourth of July’ Rosa ‘Heritage’ Rosa ‘Peace’ images: Pinterest References

Flint, M.L., and J.F. Karlik. 2000. Healthy Roses. Oakland: Univ. Calif. Agric. Nat. Res. Publ.21589. UC Davis Rose Encyclopedia http://fps.ucdavis.edu/ Cairns, Tommy, Growing Beautiful Roses,Whittier, CA, American Rose Society, 2011 Humenick, Muriel, Peters, Laura, Roses for Northern California, Lone Pine Publishing, 2007. Christopher, Thomas, In Search of Lost Roses, University of Chicago Press, 1989. Adams, Jolene , Hip Hip Hurray, American Rose Society, April 19, 2018. Website: Rose.org The Scott Arboretum of Swarthmore College, https://www.scottarboretum.org/gardening-best-friends-allium-and-roses/