Arlequin Y Polichinela, Valle

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Arlequin Y Polichinela, Valle ARLEQUIN Y POLICHINELA, VALLE INCLAN Y GARCIA LORCA: ESTUDIO COMPARATIVO, HISTORICO Y LITERARIO SOBRE LA COMMEDIA DELL'ARTE Y LOS TITERES By GERARDO AVILA HESLES Licenciado en Ciencias y Tecnicas de la Informacion A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS in THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES (Department of Hispanic and Italian Studies) We accept this thesis as conforming to the required standard THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA APRIL 1985 (£) Gerardo Avila Hesles, 1985 In presenting this thesis in partial fulfilment of the requirements for an advanced degree at the University of British Columbia, I agree that the Library shall make it freely available for reference and study. I further agree that permission for extensive copying of this thesis for scholarly purposes may be granted by the head of my department or by his or her representatives. It is understood that copying or publication of this thesis for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. Department of «=jU(& ^AnUc, c3vV^ ^^aA-T&vX SW^<>,S The University of British Columbia 1956 Main Mall Vancouver, Canada V6T 1Y3 Date VR1 ^ i i ABSTRACT The popularity of commercial theatre such as the "melodrama" and the "genero chico" presented a barrier to new and experimental theatre at the turn of the twentieth century in Spain. Foremost among the dramatists who attemped to overcome such obstacle were Ramon del Valle Inclan and Federico Garcia Lorca whose early productions were based on commedia dell' arte, puppetry, and generally in popular traditional theatre. The first part of this study (written in Spanish) explores the origins and development of Harlequin in the Italian commedia and traces his presence in the Spanish Renaissance using the work of Cervantes as an example. The historical background of Harlequin is indispensable in understanding Valle Inclan's attitudes towards the commedia. Harlequin is the central figure in his play La Marquesa Rosalinda first performed in 1912. Valle Inclan uses names found in Cervantes's works and through metaphores, sets out to explain the canons of commedia dell' arte that was the heart and pulse of popular theatre in the Renaissance. This thesis examines the height and decline of the commedia in the eighteenth century and includes a study of La Marquesa Rosalinda in terms of its indebitness to the commedia on one hand and Valle Inclan's original development on the other. The second half of this study deals with two works of Garcia Lorca that involve his character Don Cristobal Polichinela. Don Cristobal, based on the popular Spanish puppet of the same name, has been inspired by the masked Punchinello of the seventeenth century commedia. A historical and literary appraisal is used to trace the most important characteristics of Punchinello including his transformation from a man into a puppet. Particular emphasis is placed upon the presence of this puppet in Spain, its connection to Harlequin, and the utilization of Punchinello by Garcia Lorca. To conclude this thesis, a comparative study based on the two zanies, Harlequin and Punchinello, enlightens the reasons and motives for the use of puppets and puppets-like characters in the works of Valle Inclan and Garcia Lorca. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT . ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iv INTRODUCCION 1 CAPITULO I 5 I . El Arlequin eje de la trama 5 II. Antecedentes de la commedia dell'arte 9 III. La commedia dell' arte en Espana 10 IV. El Arlequin en Espana 13 V. El primer Arlequin y el Arlequin del Recueil Fossard 18 VI. Evolucion del Arlequin 26 VII. La Marquesa Rosalinda y la commedia dell'arte ...... 31 CAPITULO II 39 I. Polichinela eje de la trama 39 II. Origen del Polichinela 43 III. El titere Polichinela en Espana 46 IV. El Polichinela de Garcia Lorca 50 V. Arlequin y Polichinela 57 CONCLUSIONES 62 NOTAS 67 BIBLIOGRAFIA 79 i v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Quisiera agradecer infinitamente a las siguientes personas: A la Dra. Maria Tomsich por su continua asesoria. Al M. En C. Carlos Galindo, al M.A. Enrique Manchon, y a la Profesora Nora Strejilevich por su cooperacion, impulso y ayuda. A la Bs.N., R.N., H.H.P. Patricia Smith por su paciencia y "stress management". A los grupos de "La Ratatouille" y "0 Sweet Clown" quienes me inspiraron en la realizacion de este estudio. Este trabajo se lo dedico a mis padres y hermanos que han soportado con carino la distancia y el tiempo, y a la memoria del Dr. Carlos Hesles Martel. $SIG 1 INTRODUCTION La popularidad del teatro comercial en la primera decada del siglo XX crea una barrera dificil de penetrar por obras experimentales. El genero chico y el melodrama aseguran la retribucion economica en la taquilla. Sin embargo, un grupo de autores dramaticos cuestionan los dogmas de este teatro con obras que revaloran la forma y el estilo. En 1892 Jacinto Benavente introduce en Cuento de Primavera los personajes de Arlequin y Colombina ...para encarnar mediante ellos arquetipos estetico-sociales que trascienden las determinaciones de un tiempo y un espacio concreto, de modo que sus dramatis personae no queden fijos a un tipo de sociedad dada historicamente... (1) Benavente exterioriza en esta obra un sentimiento artistico-literario que ya habia cobrado vitalidad en Francia a traves del Parnasianismo y el Simbolismo, reviviendo los personajes de la commedia dell' arte italiana del Renacimiento. Segun David George, la transformacion comenzo en el siglo XVIII por Watteau, dado que los personajes de commedia aparecen en sus pinturas (2). George, menciona a Verlain y a los poetas franceses como seguidores de una tendencia que influenciara a los modernistas hispanicos como Ruben Dario, Manuel Machado y Ramon del Valle Inclan (en su periodo anterior a 1920) (3). Inspiradas en la commedia, se producen en Espana a comienzos del siglo XX las siguientes obras dramaticas, cuyos personajes se conectan directamente con las mascaras italianas: 2 Los intereses creados de Benavente, 1906 Hechizo de amor de Martinez Sierra, 1908 La Marquesa Rosalinda de Valle Inclan, 1912 La ciudad alegre y confiada de Benavente, 1906 El senor de Piqmaleon de Jacinto Grau, 1925 Los titeres de cachiporra 1928 y El retablillo de don Cristobal de Garcia Lorca, 1930 Arlequin mancebo de botica o los pretendientes de Colombina de Pio Baroja Arlequi vividor de Adria' Gual, 1912. Los autores que emplean recursos de la commedia y de los titeres siguen el movimiento literario frances en un considerable numero de dramas. De hecho, gran parte de la produccion de Valle Inclan y la primera etapa teatral de Federico Garcia Lorca presentan esta caracteristica. La tendencia a utilizar personajes de la commedia y titeres no puede reconocerse como exclusiva, dada la cantidad y diversidad de produccion dramatica espanola en esos anos. Sin embargo, su influencia es de relevante interes por los efectos posteriores que adquiere en las obras de esos autores, especialmente en Garcia Lorca y Valle Inclan, ya que les proporciona bases para la creacion de un estilo, una estructura o un punto de partida. Tanto La Marquesa Rosalinda como El retablillo de don Cristobal son obras primerizas que dejan una huella reconocible en la concepcion de su teoria teatral. La utilizacion de la commedia a principios del siglo XX se da generalmente como un fenomeno escapista y de distanciamiento. 3 Con nostalgia y melancolia se tratara de liberar al hombre de su condicion actual. Sus temas iran de lo sentimental a lo grotesco, identificandose con la farsa. En otras manifestaciones artisticas, como en la pintura, musica y danza, surgira en los artistas una irresistible tentacion de utilizar personajes de commedia. Un ejemplo de esto es el estreno de Pule inella (Polichinela) de Stravinsky en 1920 por el ballet ruso de Diajhilev, con decorado y vestuario realizado por Pablo Picasso. Los escritores espanoles atraidos hacia esta tendencia al uso de mascaras y titeres utilizan elementos nacionales historicos, alejandose de la corriente francesa contemporanea. David George indica que los aspectos de Los intereses creados inspirados en la comedia no se deben a los poetas franceses o a la corriente modernista sino: ...to playwrights such as Ben Jonson and Moliere, to the French comic actor of the late sixteenth and early seventeenth century, Tabarin, and to Spanish Golden Age Literature." (4) La commedia dell' arte sirve de base para una renovacion que busca rescatar valores, actitudes, personajes, temas y conceptos a traves de una revaloracion de la forma teatral que se ata a lo popular, a la Francia y a la Italia del Renacimiento y a los origenes del drama espanol. Garcia Lorca y Valle Inclan utilizan la farsa de mascaras y titeres para presentar su vision del hombre, sus conceptos de realidad y ficcion, y parodiar con gran lirismo la sociedad de principios del siglo XX. Cuestionan los valores del teatro 4 espanol de su epoca para proponer en diferentes grados y estilos, una nueva vision de la humanidad y de la vida, por medio de una transformacion dramatica. Llevan la corriente iniciada por Benavente a extremos estilisticos con el afan de reformar un teatro conformista como el del genero chico y el melodrama. La historia de la commedia dell' arte en Espana, poco estudiada, presenta una serie de interrogantes en cuanto a la veracidad de las informaciones rescatadas por cronistas del siglo XVII. Existe tambien una falta de informacion en cuanto a las influencias literarias, a la recepcion de su tematica y a la interpretacion de sus significados, a la simbologia y a la transmision de sus caracteristicas a otros medios como el literario. El presente trabajo intenta establecer nexos entre la historia de la commedia dell' arte y la literatura espanola con el fin de presentar un esquema cronologico que permita comprender sus caracteristicas.
Recommended publications
  • Download Download
    Early Theatre 11.2 (2008) Issues in Review M.A. Katritzky, Maria Ines Aliverti, Rosalind Kerr, Erith Jaffe- Berg, Stefano Mengarelli, and Robert Henke New Developments in Commedia Research The Commedia dell'Arte: New Perspectives and New Documents The launch of a new journal on the commedia dell'arte, the first exclusively dedicated to this subject, marks an auspicious time to assess this exception- ally productive field, and to introduce the new, exciting findings presented in the following five articles. This introduction considers them in the context of current developments in commedia research. It reviews the annual, peer- reviewed journal Commedia dell’Arte, Annuario internazionale’s 2008 inaug- ural issue (ISSN: 1974-1294) and key commedia dell'arte-related publica- tions postdating the period covered by its bibliography (from 2000 to 2006).1 This substantial bibliography amply reflects the field’s traditional strengths in archival researches into visual as well as textual documents. Despite an emphasis necessarily on Italian publications and Italian performances, it also reflects the field’s increasingly healthy productivity in multidisciplinary trans- national and comparative studies. Already from its second entry — Frances Barasch on ‘Italian Actresses in Shakespeare’s World’ — it reminds early Brit- ish theatre scholars of the rich relevance of commedia dell'arte studies to their interests. Commedia dell’Arte, Annuario internazionale’s editors are two of Italy’s most respected theatre historians, Siro Ferrone (University of Florence) and Anna Maria Testaverde (University of Bergamo). Ferrone’s latest monograph, Arlecchino: vita e avventure di Tristano Martinelli attore, engagingly summar- izes his monumental documentary researches into the creator of the Harle- quin stage role, Tristano Martinelli (1557–1630).2 An initial chapter outlines Martinelli’s extensive early tours in Europe with the mixed gender troupe of his brother Drusiano Martinelli, which may have put the first actresses on the London stage in 1578.
    [Show full text]
  • Crossing Boundaries Through La Commedia Dell'arte
    Brigham Young University BYU ScholarsArchive Theses and Dissertations 2007-08-15 Arlecchino's Journey: Crossing Boundaries Through La Commedia Dell'arte Janine Michelle Sobeck Brigham Young University - Provo Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd Part of the Film and Media Studies Commons, and the Theatre and Performance Studies Commons BYU ScholarsArchive Citation Sobeck, Janine Michelle, "Arlecchino's Journey: Crossing Boundaries Through La Commedia Dell'arte" (2007). Theses and Dissertations. 1200. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/1200 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. ARLECCHINO’S JOURNEY: CROSSING BOUNDARIES THROUGH LA COMMEDIA DELL’ARTE By Janine Michelle Sobeck A thesis submitted to the faculty of Brigham Young University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Department of Theatre and Media Arts Brigham Young University December 2007 Copyright © 2007 Janine Michelle Sobeck Al Rights Reserved ii BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY GRADUATE COMMITTEE APPROVAL Of a thesis submitted by Janine Michelle Sobeck This thesis has been read by each member of the following graduate committee and by majority vote has been found to be satisfactory. __________________________ ___________________________________ Date Megan Sanborn Jones,
    [Show full text]
  • Review Essay
    3532 Early Theatre 22.2 (2019), 199–216 https://doi.org/10.12745/et.22.2.4128 Review Essay pavel drábek What is Commedia dell’Arte Today? Christopher B. Balme, Piermario Vescovo, and Daniele Vianello, eds. Commedia dell’Arte in Context. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2018. Pp xvi, 358. Hardback £89.99. ISBN: 9781107028562. Judith Chaffee and Oliver Crick, eds. The Routledge Companion to Commedia dell’Arte. London and New York: Routledge, 2014. Pp xxiv, 540. Paperback £39.99. ISBN: 9781138224995. Andrea Fabiano. La Comédie-Italienne de Paris et Carlo Goldoni: De la commedia dell’arte à l’opéra-comique, une dramaturgie de l’hybridation au XVIIIe siècle. Paris: Presses de l’Université Paris-Sorbonne, 2018. Pp 256. Paperback €19.00. ISBN: 9791023105971. Erith Jaffe-Berg. Commedia dell’ Arte and the Mediterranean: Charting Journeys and Mapping ‘Others’. London and New York: Routledge, 2016. Pp x, 184. Hardback £76.99. ISBN: 9781472418142. Markus Kupferblum. Die Geburt der Neugier aus dem Geist der Revolution. Die Commedia dell’Arte als politisches Volkstheater. Vienna: Facultas Verlags und Buchhandels, 2013. Pp 176. Paperback €19.40. ISBN: 9783708907536. Natalie Crohn Schmitt. Befriending the Commedia dell’arte of Flaminio Scala: The Comic Scenarios. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2014. Pp xiv, 344. Hardback CAN $84.00. ISBN: 9781442648999. Emily Wilbourne. Seventeenth-Century Opera and the Sound of the Commedia dell’Arte. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2016. Pp x, 256. Hardback USD $55.00. ISBN: 9780226401577. 2008 was a watershed year for international scholarship on the commedia dell’arte. The year saw the joint Italian-French effort at securing for the art form Pavel Drábek ([email protected]) is professor of drama and theatre practice at the University of Hull.
    [Show full text]
  • Stefanelo Botarga and Pickelhering: Fishy Italian and English Stage Clowns in Spain and Germany
    Open Research Online The Open University’s repository of research publications and other research outputs Stefanelo Botarga and Pickelhering: Fishy Italian and English Stage Clowns in Spain and Germany Book Section How to cite: Katritzky, M. A. (2018). Stefanelo Botarga and Pickelhering: Fishy Italian and English Stage Clowns in Spain and Germany. In: Kuepper, Joachim and Pawlita, Leonie eds. Theatre Cultures within Globalising Empires: Looking at Early Modern England and Spain. Berlin/Boston: Walter de Gruyter, pp. 15–39. For guidance on citations see FAQs. c [not recorded] https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ Version: Version of Record Link(s) to article on publisher’s website: http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.1515/9783110536881-002 Copyright and Moral Rights for the articles on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. For more information on Open Research Online’s data policy on reuse of materials please consult the policies page. oro.open.ac.uk M. A. Katritzky Stefanelo Botarga and Pickelhering: Fishy Italian and English Stage Clowns in Spain and Germany Juliet’s wishful pronouncement on the name of the rose applies even less to comic stage names than to flowers.1 Cultural expectations shape every aspect of our per- ceptions, and the funny business of early modern travelling actors is enhanced by well-chosen stage names; even more so if they have strong regional associations. With reference to new textual and iconographic evidence, this article focuses on the origins, transnational diffusion and significance of two stage names based on fish specialities with specific regional associations: as names, as Italian and English stage roles and as popular stock festival costumes, both within their Spanish- and German-speaking host regions, and beyond.
    [Show full text]
  • The Commedia Dell'arte: New Perspectives and New Documents
    Early Theatre 11.2 (2008) Issues in Review M.A. Katritzky, Maria Ines Aliverti, Rosalind Kerr, Erith Jaffe- Berg, Stefano Mengarelli, and Robert Henke New Developments in Commedia Research The Commedia dell'Arte: New Perspectives and New Documents The launch of a new journal on the commedia dell'arte, the first exclusively dedicated to this subject, marks an auspicious time to assess this exception- ally productive field, and to introduce the new, exciting findings presented in the following five articles. This introduction considers them in the context of current developments in commedia research. It reviews the annual, peer- reviewed journal Commedia dell’Arte, Annuario internazionale’s 2008 inaug- ural issue (ISSN: 1974-1294) and key commedia dell'arte-related publica- tions postdating the period covered by its bibliography (from 2000 to 2006).1 This substantial bibliography amply reflects the field’s traditional strengths in archival researches into visual as well as textual documents. Despite an emphasis necessarily on Italian publications and Italian performances, it also reflects the field’s increasingly healthy productivity in multidisciplinary trans- national and comparative studies. Already from its second entry — Frances Barasch on ‘Italian Actresses in Shakespeare’s World’ — it reminds early Brit- ish theatre scholars of the rich relevance of commedia dell'arte studies to their interests. Commedia dell’Arte, Annuario internazionale’s editors are two of Italy’s most respected theatre historians, Siro Ferrone (University of Florence) and Anna Maria Testaverde (University of Bergamo). Ferrone’s latest monograph, Arlecchino: vita e avventure di Tristano Martinelli attore, engagingly summar- izes his monumental documentary researches into the creator of the Harle- quin stage role, Tristano Martinelli (1557–1630).2 An initial chapter outlines Martinelli’s extensive early tours in Europe with the mixed gender troupe of his brother Drusiano Martinelli, which may have put the first actresses on the London stage in 1578.
    [Show full text]
  • A Commedia Dell'arte
    University of Central Florida STARS Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019 2004 Il Pazzia D'innamorati: A Commedia Dell'arte Jennifer Hart University of Central Florida Part of the Theatre and Performance Studies Commons Find similar works at: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd University of Central Florida Libraries http://library.ucf.edu This Masters Thesis (Open Access) is brought to you for free and open access by STARS. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019 by an authorized administrator of STARS. For more information, please contact [email protected]. STARS Citation Hart, Jennifer, "Il Pazzia D'innamorati: A Commedia Dell'arte" (2004). Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019. 134. https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd/134 IL PAZZIA D’INNAMORATI: A COMMEDIA DELL’ARTE by JENNIFER HART B.S. Syracuse University, 1988 A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the Department of Theatre in the College of Arts and Sciences at the University of Central Florida Orlando, Florida Summer Term 2004 © 2004 Jennifer Hart ii ABSTRACT My thesis proposal is to research, workshop, develop, script, direct and produce my own commedia dell’arte. This proposal stems from my desire to explore improvisational comedy theoretically and practically. The genre of commedia dell’arte is not only timeless, but continues to further our ability to create characters and scenario for future projects as the root of improvisation. By coupling research on commedia components (character, lazzi and scenario) with the creation of an improvisational troupe, a commedia piece will be developed, documented and performed.
    [Show full text]
  • Modernist Meanings in the European Renovation of Commedia
    MODERNIST MEANINGS IN THE EUROPEAN RENOVATION OF COMMEDIA DELL’ARTE DRAMA Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Anita Jean Saha, B.A., M.A. Graduate Program in Spanish and Portuguese The Ohio State University 2014 Dissertation Committee: Eugenia Romero, Advisor Stephen Summerhill, Co-advisor Rebecca Haidt Copyright by Anita Jean Saha 2014 Abstract This dissertation explores the rediscovery of commedia dell’arte theatre in Europe during the Modernist era (approximately 1890-1930) by dramatists and theatre directors, which led to its usage as a tool for individual experimentation and general escape from the anxieties associated with the changing political environment. The appropriation of commedia dell’arte theatre was, for many theatre practitioners, the perfect structure with which to counteract the dominant realist aesthetic that was prevalent throughout Europe at the time. Although these Modernist commedia-based plays and productions were generally created as art-for-art’s sake, this is not the case everywhere, as evidenced by some of the themes, both overt and masked, in the works of a few Spanish dramatists. Using literary history as the theoretical framework, this dissertation contends that Modernist commedia-based dramas serve as an appropriate point of departure for comprehending literary reactions to, and reproductions of, the revolutions in technology, politics, and social practices that contributed to the modern order. While representations of cynical clowns, such as Harlequin, were mostly apolitical, the pessimism that dominates the farces, the pantomimes and the puppet plays can be viewed in response to the radically changing social and political environment.
    [Show full text]
  • Theatre Cultures Within Globalising Empires
    Theatre Cultures within Globalising Empires Unauthenticated Download Date | 9/7/18 2:14 PM Unauthenticated Download Date | 9/7/18 2:14 PM Theatre Cultures within Globalising Empires Looking at Early Modern England and Spain Edited by Joachim Küpper and Leonie Pawlita Unauthenticated Download Date | 9/7/18 2:14 PM This book is published in cooperation with the project DramaNet, funded by the European Research Council ISBN 978-3-11-053687-4 e-ISBN (PDF) 978-3-11-053688-1 e-ISBN (EPUB) 978-3-11-061203-5 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-No-Derivatives 4.0 License. For details go to https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/. Library of Congress Control Number: 2018945984 Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available from the Internet at http://dnb.dnb.de. © 2018 Joachim Küpper and Leonie Pawlita, published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston Typesetting: Integra Software Services Pvt. Ltd. Printing and binding: CPI books GmbH, Leck Cover image: photodeedooo/iStock/Thinkstock www.degruyter.com Unauthenticated Download Date | 9/7/18 2:14 PM Preface The present volume comprises the revised proceedings of the international con- ference “Theatre Cultures within Globalising Empires: Looking at Early Modern England and Spain” which was organised in November 2012 within the framework of the European Research Council Advanced Grant Project
    [Show full text]
  • The Gracioso in Golden Age Theatre and the Commedia Dell'arte Tradition
    INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduœd from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from aie ofQinal or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in Ferface, whik ottren may be from any type of cornputer pnnter. The quality of this reproduction is &pendent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, dored or poar quality illustrations and photographs, @nt Meedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a cornplete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Aiso, if unauthorireci copyright material had to be removed, a note will indiite the dektim. Oversire matenals (eg., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectiming the original, beginning at the upper left-hand corner and continuing fmm left to right in equal sections with small overiaps. Photographs included in the original manuscript have besn reproduœd xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6' x 9' bbck and white photographic prints are avaifabk for any photographs or illustmtions appean'ng in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI direcüy to order. Be11 8 Howell Information and Learning 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48106-1346 USA 800-521-0600 The Gracioso in Golden Age Theatre and the Commedia dell Ane Tradition Monica Leoni A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Department of Spanish and Portuguese University of Toronto Copyright by Monica Leoni 1998 National Library Bibliothèque nationale 1*1 of Canada du Canada Acquisitions and Acquisitions et Bibliographie Services services bibliographiques 395 Weilingtm Street 395.
    [Show full text]
  • El Cuerpo Del Gracioso: Comicidad Bufonesca Y Modos De Actuación En Los Muertos Vivos De Lope
    CRITICÓN, 60, 1994, pp. 49-60. El cuerpo del gracioso: comicidad bufonesca y modos de actuación en Los muertos vivos de Lope por Milagros TORRES (París - C.R.E.S.) ... Ce n'est rien d'autre que le désir du corps de l'acteur qui pousse à écrire pour le théâtre. (Valere Novarina)1 Empecemos a hablar del gracioso desde el escenario, desde ese ámbito perdido de la representación y tan presente, sin embargo, en nuestros textos teatrales del Siglo de Oro. La caracterización de los primeros graciosos lopescos no podría entenderse sin una consideración de la realidad física del teatro, del sustento primigenio de todo acto dramático, el hombre en escena, el actor. Él es el fundamento y el primer destinatario del texto, el que crea y recrea con el público el momento único de lo representado. Las dificultades con las que topamos al acercarnos al estudio de la actuación, es decir, del movimiento, de la voz, de los ademanes del actor a partir de un texto teatral de finales del siglo XVI como es Los muertos vivos, fechada entre 1599 y 16022, son conocidas por todos: acotaciones muy limitadas, escasez de textos teóricos sobre los que apoyar nuestra argumentación. Buena muestra del estado de la cuestión desde el punto de vista crítico es el volumen editado por José María Diez Borque Actor y Técnica de Representación del Teatro Clásico Español (1989)3. Con todo, existen rasgos constitutivos en esta comedia -en particular la caracterización física y modos de actuación de los personajes que encarnan la comicidad en los que la imagen y utilización del cuerpo cobra una importancia esencial- cuyo análisis podría iluminar algo más este terreno tan nebuloso del actuar, indispensable para comprender la naturaleza de la llamada «figura del donaire» en los titubeos de sus primeros momentos, así como la verdadera dimensión del acto escénico a finales del siglo XVI.
    [Show full text]
  • In Commedia Dell'arte Performa
    ABSTRACT Title of Dissertation: MOVING FROM THE ARCHIVE: HISTORIOGRAPHY AND “AUTHENTICITY” IN COMMEDIA DELL’ARTE PERFORMANCE Matthew Ray Wilson, PhD, 2018 Dissertation directed by: Dr. Franklin J. Hildy, School of Theatre, Dance, and Performance Studies This dissertation examines the multiple definitions of “Commedia dell’Arte” in historiography and contemporary performance, analyzing potentials and problematics behind attempts to understand “historical” Commedia dell’Arte and to (re)construct contemporary Commedia using what Franklin J. Hildy calls an “applied theater history” approach. Employing archival historiography, literary analysis, art historical techniques, practical dramaturgy, Practice-as-Research, and qualitative research, I describe different realities of Commedia dell’Arte performance from history and contemporary practice, including ways in which “mistakes” or “appropriations” in the form have become included within its present identities. Chapter One describes the status of the field, problems, and approaches to identifying what Commedia dell’Arte “is” today based upon autoethnography and interview material from contemporary practitioners, whose competing approaches inform the ongoing conversation. Chapter Two traces the history of the form known as “Commedia dell’Arte” from its origins to contemporary pedagogy with special attention given to appropriations, evolutions, distortions, and efforts at reproduction. In Chapter Three, I narrow the focus to a specific case-study—a recent production of the classic scenario Il
    [Show full text]
  • Theater and Hospitals in the Spanish Golden Age Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requir
    An Inn-Yard Empire: Theater and Hospitals in the Spanish Golden Age Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Rachael Irene Ball Graduate Program in History The Ohio State University 2010 Dissertation Committee: N. Geoffrey Parker, Advisor Dale van Kley, Co-Advisor Elizabeth Davis ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Copyright by Rachael Irene Ball 2010 ! ! ! ! ! ! Abstract This study examines the development of commercial theater in important urban locations of the Spanish Empire during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries and compares them with their English counterparts. Based on manuscript and printed sources, it argues that the Spanish theaters developed into a well-entrenched and exportable system of public drama through their financial relationship to hospitals in those cities. Unlike in cities in the Anglo-Atlantic, this meant that theater was centrally integrated into the physical space of cities in Spain and its colonies. This relationship also gave Spanish public playhouses an upper hand when dealing with anti-theatrical moralizers. Additionally this study examines the impact that various groups had on the development of Renaissance theaters. Actors, playwrights, troupe directors, hospital administrators, actresses, and audience members, as well as imperial, local, and religious authorities, played a role in the creation of the most productive and most attended public drama of the early modern period. ii Dedication This dissertation is dedicated to Bailey. iii Acknowledgments Upon my arrival as a graduate student at the Ohio State University, I was lucky enough to work with John Brooke, whose energy, kindness, and brilliance never fail to astound.
    [Show full text]