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THE 1960S and 1970S 337 World Itself Was Rapidly Changing

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THE 1960S and 1970S 337 World Itself Was Rapidly Changing THE1960s AND 1970s T 1 he decade of the 1960s-generally regarded as among the most turbulent in American history-was also turbulent in Grand County. However, compared to the explosive growth of the 1950s in an area almost completely unprepared for it, the 1960s saw county residents continue to adjust to the changing conditions, but without the sudden impact of the boom. The 1960s and the following decade comprised an era in which the local economy was dominated by mining (mainly of uranium and potash) and oil production. Most residents welcomed the situation-opponents to growth were few and relatively powerless-but national and worldwide economic developments helped create a series of ups and downs that at times left the local economy struggling. Grand County was very much at the mercy of larger economic forces-a fact difficult for many people to understand and accept. Local booms and busts were dramatic, leaving residents coping with growing pains during the boom peri- ods and suffering from lost jobs and displacements when the inevitable busts followed. In their frustration and loss, some began to look for villains to blame for their situation, not realizing that the GRANDCOUNTY RIDES A ROLLERCOASTER: THE 1960s AND 1970s 337 world itself was rapidly changing. Economies were at the mercy of natural and increasingly global forces beyond anyone's ability to totally control, as governments began to grapple with the problems of a developing world economy. The 1960s began with important news: Texas Gulf Sulphur Company had acquired the Delhi-Taylor oil company potash prop- erties in the county, according to the Times-Independent of 4 May 1960, and the new owners announced plans in the 3 November issue of the paper that year to build a plant near the Cane Creek property. Census figures in the paper listed 6,332 people in Grand County-a huge increase from the 1,903 of the 1950 census. Moab's population grew during the decade of the 1950s from 1,274 to 4,683-with another 1,2 10 residents in the unincorporated areas of Moab Valley. A closer analysis of the numbers reveals that fewer than 500 people in the county lived outside of Moab and Spanish Valley. The 1,5 18 registered students in Moab schools that fall constituted a new enroll- ment record. The next year, 1961, Cisco was eliminated as a county school district, its area students thereafter bussed to Moab. County property valuation rose in 1960 to $12.5 million, from $1 1.8 million the previous year. The growth was dwarfed by the tremendous growth of valuation in neighboring but less-populated San Juan County, where the valuation increased $40 million-up to $132 million, second only to Salt Lake County in the state. Uranium had given San Juan a large edge years before and this was now spurred on by oil and natural gas developments. Residents of Grand County couldn't help but feel envious of the southern county's mate- rial prosperity-an envy that led to a greater encouragement of min- ing and oil enterprises within their own county. County voters joined with the majority of their fellows through- out the state when they showed their conservatism in the November 1960 election, giving Republican presidential candidate Richard Nixon a 325 vote edge (1,130 to 805) over nationally successful Democratic candidate John F. Kennedy (who carried only four coun- ties in Utah). Still, national election campaign news was sparse in the Moab paper, where local news items filled most of the pages. Before he left office, on 22 July 1960 President Dwight D. Eisenhower had added 480 acres to Arches National Monument to help compensate for another 720 acres with possible rich mineral deposits he took away, resulting in a net acreage loss for the monument. A new road to the Windows area of Arches was under construc- tion in early 1961 as part of the National Park Service's Mission 66 program of park improvements. State senator Charles Steen sur- prised his constituents in March when he resigned his senate seat and announced plans to move to Nevada. Steen was frustrated by the defeat of various bills he had sponsored, including liquor reform laws, and found that his personality was not well suited to the leg- islative give-and-take process. His move was prompted by his unhap- piness with what he perceived as Utah's outdated notions on liquor and other matters as well as by personal tax advantages to be found in Nevada residency. Moab thus lost its most famous and flamboyant resident, but his mining and milling operations remained. In April 1961, county residents witnessed something that had been longed for and sought since the first years of settlement at Moab: a railroad spur was announced for construction south from the main tracks near Crescent Junction. The spur was being con- structed by the Texas Gulf Sulphur Company to its new potash plant under construction southwest of Moab, however, and it thus would not actually serve or enter Moab. In addition, its use was restricted to the company only; but the new line still was a major economic boost to the area's economy, and boosters saw increased reason for hope that the railroad spur might still be linked to Moab someday. In July the contract to build the spur line was awarded to the huge Morrison-Knudson construction firm of Boise, Idaho. Things continued to be a mix of good and not so good. Plans were announced on 13 April 1961 for a Lutheran chapel to be built in Moab, and on 6 July the paper reported that five holes had been completed on the new Moab city golf coarse under construction. A week later, the paper reported that county valuation had increased to $13.5 million, up $1 million. That same issue, however, included the tragic news of a murder and kidnapping of tourists near Dead Horse Point. A mother was killed and her teenage daughter abducted, much to the horror of county residents as well as those elsewhere. An exten- sive search that continued for months failed to find the young kid- napping victim, and the tragic case remains unsolved. The Moab GRANDCOUNTY RIDES A ROLLERCOASTER: THE 1960s AND 1970s 339 Train entering tunnel on Potash spur line in Grand County, 1965. (Dan O'Laurie Museum) airport was also plagued by various woes, including frequent high winds and lack of adequate lights, which caused the cancellation of many flights and prompted the search for a new airport site outside of Spanish Valley. Water shortages occurred in Moab in June only to have floods reported in late August. School enrollment in Moab was near 1,800 in August, and in November the paper reported that enrollment had increased to more than 2,000 students. The year 1961 was noteworthy for development projects. Besides the new railroad spur to the potash plant under construction, subdi- visions were approved in August to help ease the local housing short- age. On 30 November the Times-Independent reported that county lands had been withdrawn by the federal government for the planned interstate highway system-route 1-70 was scheduled to go through Grand County, following much the same route as existing federal Highway 6/50. Other major development plans were also announced. Grand County commissioner Winford Bunce announced efforts on 3 August to get a road across the Book Cliffs near Thompson to the Uinta Basin; however, the plan eventually fizzled as opposition to its cost mounted. Plans for a possible dam on the Green River at Grey Canyon were announced in the Times-Independent in that same issue; it had the somewhat surprising backing of U.S. senator Frank Moss. This project also quickly faded when actual funding for the dam had to be considered. County residents were generally opposed to any pro- ject that would necessitate a large increase in their taxes, and the fed- eral government was not willing to commit to such a project at the time with Glen Canyon dam under construction downstream. Another project on which Moss had worked was a proposed national park-a small portion of the earlier proposed Escalante National Monument-and on 20 July it was announced that the park, to be just south of Grand County, would be named Canyonlands. Opposition immediately mounted, and by the next March the controversy was in full swing in the pages of the local paper and among county residents as well as others. A colder than normal winter with an accumulation of snow and temperatures at times dropping to near zero ushered in 1962; but February brought welcome news: the newspaper announced that Moab was getting a new bank-to be called the Moab National Bank-and that the city had just been awarded a $175,000 federal grant to improve its school system by adding more classroom space. The bank (which later merged with larger First Security Bank) would facilitate borrowing for local projects. That same issue, the newspa- per listed figures for BLM mine royalty payments to the state. Out of a total of $1.24 million, Grand County's share was $126,102-the fourth largest among the counties, indicating that mining-particu- larly for uranium-was still strong in the area.' County residents were saddened in late March by the death of beloved doctor I. W. Allen, who had practiced medicine in the area since 1920. Things brightened up literally a couple of weeks later: on 12 April the newspaper announced that Moab was going to get new street lights.
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