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Celebrating America's Unique Apple Diversity: Selected Literature

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Celebrating America's Unique Apple Diversity: Selected Literature NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL LIBRARY ARCHIVED FILE Archived files are provided for reference purposes only. This file was current when produced, but is no longer maintained and may now be outdated. Content may not appear in full or in its original format. All links external to the document have been deactivated. For additional information, see http://pubs.nal.usda.gov. Celebrating America's Unique Apple Diversity: Selected Literature Special Reference Briefs Series no. SRB 2010-02 Compiled By: Rebecca Mazur and Katie Winkleblack Alternative Farming Systems Information National Agricultural Library Agricultural Research Service U.S. Department of Agriculture 10301 Baltimore Avenue Beltsville, MD 20705 (301) 504-6559 [email protected] http://afsic.nal.usda.gov September 2010 Updated September 2011 Table of Contents Introduction 1754-1899 1900-1927 1928-1959 1960-Current Introduction “Why do we need so many kinds of apples? Because there are so many folks. A person has a right to gratify his legitimate tastes. If he wants twenty or forty kinds of apples for his personal use, running from Early Harvest to Roxbury Russet, he should be accorded the privilege. Some place should be provided where he may obtain trees or [s]cions. There is merit in variety itself. It provides more points of contact with life, and leads away from uniformity and monotony. --Liberty Hyde Bailey, The Apple Tree, p. 68 (New York: Macmillan, 1922) This bibliography is a selected compilation from the rich pool of information resources at the National Agricultural Library about heirloom apples. It consists of a list of books and reports at the Library dating prior to 1928, with the addition of later books which focus on the subject of varieties of apples grown in the American past. It is organized into sections first by date and then in order of the author’s last name. The bibliography was prepared in conjunction with the presentation “Celebrating America’s Unique Apple Diversity: A Roundtable Discussion Featuring Some of America’s Leading Apple Experts,” held on September 17, 2010, to mark 2010 as the Year of the Heirloom Apple. Participants represented the range of America’s apple growers, and included Dr. Gary Nabhan, Ben Watson, Nick Botner, Tom Burford, John Bunker, Dan Bussey, and Lee Calhoun. Books listed in the bibliography were identified by a search of AGRICOLA, the Library’s online catalog, and a search of the Dictionary Catalog of the National Agricultural Library, 1862-1965, the Library’s printed reproduction of the card catalog as it was maintained prior to 1965. The Experiment Station Record, a printed index to the reports of State agricultural experiment stations, was also searched for the years 1889-1930. For the convenience of the reader, the bibliography is organized into several date ranges. The first group contains books prior to 1900 that demonstrate apple varieties being grown primarily in America with the addition of some listings of varieties that were likely to have been imported. The next group contains items dating from 1900-1927. Following this period, when subsistence farming became less common and grocery stores became an affordable source of produce, apple growing became more consolidated and apple varieties dwindled.1, 2 The next grouping, 1928-1959 reflects this as research begins to center on a smaller number of varieties. Based on a review of the literature, it wasn't until the 1960s and 1970s that, realizing the loss of many of the choicest apple varieties, writers begin to focus on cataloging the old varieties. All of the items in the bibliography are available to the public for examination. Most of the items can be brought down from the Library stacks for use in the Reading Room. Some of the rare materials can be viewed in the Special Collections department. An appointment is necessary to visit Special Collections; contact our staff at 301-504-5876 or at http://specialcollections.nal.usda.gov/contact-us-0 to set up an appointment. People who would like to use the Library’s collection but are not near the National Agricultural Library may wish to go to their own local libraries and inquire about Interlibrary Loan services. The National Agricultural Library’s policies and procedures on Interlibrary Loan are available at http://www.nal.usda.gov/nal-services/request- library-materials. We hope that this document will be useful to heirloom apple enthusiasts, breeders, and researchers. 1 Creighton Lee Calhoun, Jr., Old Southern Apples (Blacksburg, Virginia: The McDonald & Woodward Publishing Company, 1995), 16 & 37 2 Gary Paul Nabhan, et al., Forgotten fruits manual and manifesto: apples (Renewing America's Food Traditions (RAFT) Alliance, 2010), 10 URL: http://www.slowfoodusa.org/images/ark_products/applebklet_web- 3-11.pdf 1754 - 1899 1. Bailey, L. H. 1887. Varieties of apples for market. Bulletin (State Agricultural College (Mich.). Experiment Station); no. 23. [Lansing]: Agricultural College of Michigan. 2. Barron, Archibald Farquharson. 1884. British apples. Report of the Committee of the National apple congress, held in the Royal horticultural gardens, Chiswick, October 5th to 25th, 1883. London: Macmillan and Co. 3. Beach, S. A. 1895. Testing fruits: apples and crab-apples. 251-66. Annual Report (New York State Agricultural Experiment Station); Fourteenth annual report. Geneva, NY: Published by the Station under authority of Cornell University. 4. Beach, S. A., W. Paddock, and C. P. Close. 1896. Testing fruits. 267-300. Annual Report (New York State Agricultural Experiment Station); Fifteenth annual report. Geneva, NY: Published by the Station under authority of Cornell University. 5. Budd, J. L. 1892. Experiments with new orchard fruits, trees, and shrubs. 535-65. Bulletin (Iowa Agricultural College. Experiment Station); no. 19. Des Moines, IA: Register Printing House. 6. Buell, Jonathan S. 1874. The cider makers' manual : a practical hand-book, which embodies treatises on the apple ; construction of cider mills, cider-presses, seed-washers, and cider mill machinery in general ; cider making ; fermentation ; improved processes in refining cider, and its conversion into wine and champagne ; vinegar manipulation by the slow and quick processes ; imitation ciders ; various kinds of surrogate wines ; summer beverages ; fancy vinegars, etc. Buffalo: Haas, Nauert & Co. 7. Bull, Henry Graves, Robert Hogg, Edith G. Bull, Alice B. Ellis, and Woolhope Naturalists' Field Club. 1876-1885. The Herefordshire pomona, containing coloured figures and descriptions of the most esteemed kinds of apples and pears. With illustrations drawn and coloured from nature by Miss Ellis and Miss Bull. Hereford, London: Jakeman and Carver; Journal of horticulture office. 8. Burrill, T. J. and G. W. McCluer. 1892. Horticultural notes. 73-81. Bulletin (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Agricultural Experiment Station); no. 21. [Urbana, IL]: The Station. 9. Burrill, Thomas Jonathan and G. W. McCluer. 1896. Varieties of apples. 297-348. Bulletin (University of Illinois (Urbana-Champaign Campus). Agricultural Experiment Station); no. 45. Urbana, [IL]: University of Illinois Agricultural Experiment Station. 10. Butz, G. C. 1893. Orchard fruits. 107-15. Report of the Pennsylvania State College for the Year... Part II, 1892. Agricultural Experiment Station. Harrisburg, [PA]: Edwin K. Meyers, State Printer. 11. [California Agricultural Experiment Station]. 1894. Catalogue of the fruit trees at the California Experiment Stations. 474-90. Bulletin (California Agricultural Experiment Station); no. 102. [California]: California Agricultural Experiment Station. 12. Churchill, G. W. 1889. Lists of varieties of fruits. 347-57. Annual Report (New York State Agricultural Experiment Station); Eighth annual report. Geneva, NY: Published by the Station under authority of Cornell University. 13. Clark, John W. 1889. Experiments on seed germination, pea weevil and apples. Bulletin (Missouri Agricultural College. Experiment Station); no. 6. Columbia, MO: Missouri Agricultural College Experiment Station. 14. Donahoo, Absalom. 1870-1880. Absalom Donahoo apple nursery records from 1870-1880. Unpublished manuscript. Abstract: This handwritten notebook contains Absalom Donahoo's records of the apple cultivars he was testing for potential commercial production in Nebraska City, Otoe County, Nebraska. His lands was south of Nebraska City on Highway 75. 15. Downing, A. J. 1845-1900. Fruits and fruit trees of America, or, the culture, propagation, and management, in the garden and orchard, of fruit-trees generally : with descriptions of all the finest varieties of fruit, native and foreign, cultivated in this country. multiple editions. In the 1900 edition, 1098. New York: J. Wiley. 16. Dunn, Malcolm and Royal Caledonian Horticultural Society. 1887. Apples and pears, 1885 : report of the Apple and Pear Congress held by the Royal Caledonian Horticultural Society, Edinburgh from 25th to 28th November 1885. Edinburgh: Maclachlan and Stewart. 17. Ellis, William. 1754. The compleat cyderman, or, the present practice of raising plantations of the best cyder apple and perry pear-trees : with the improvement of their excellent juices ... with many other improvement relating to these excellent liquors. London: R. Baldwin. 18. Fitz, James. 1872. The Southern apple and peach culturist adapted to the soil and climate of Maryland, Virginia, the Carolinas, Georgia and farther south ... : containing full and practical instructions in successful culture, grafting, budding ... together with
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