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Report on the Participation of Women in the Catholic Church in Australia

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Report on the Participation of Women in the Catholic Church in Australia Report on the Participation of Women in the Catholic Church in Australia Dr Marie Macdonald, Professor Peter Carpenter, Ms Sandie Cornish, Dr Michael Costigan, Mr Robert Dixon, Sr Margaret Malone sgs, HarperReligious An imprint of HarperCollinsPublishers First published in Australia in 1999 by HarpercollinsPublishers Pty Limited ACN 009 913 517 A member of the HarpeTCollinsPublishers (Australia) Pty Limited Group http://www.harpercollins.com.au Copyright © The Australian Episcopal Conference of the Roman Catholic Church 1999 This book is copyright. Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of private study, research, criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright Act, no part may be reproduced by any process without prior written permission. Inquiries should be addressed to the publishers. HarperCollhisPublishesa 25 Ryde Road, Pymble, Sydney NSW 2073, Australia 31 View Road, Glenfield, Auckland 10, New Zealand 77-85 Fulham Palace Road, London W6 8JB, United Kingdom Hazelton Lanes, 55 Avenue Road, Suite 2900, Toronto, Ontario M5R 31-2 and 1995 Markham Road, Scarborough, Ontario M1B 5M8, Canada 10 East 53rd Street, New York NY 10022, USA National Library Cataloguing-in-Publication data: Research Management Group. Woman and man : one in Christ Jesus : report into the participation of women in the Catholic Church in Australia. ISBN 186371 782X. 1. Women in the Catholic Church - Australia. 2. Women in the Catholic Church - Australia - History. 3. Catholic women - Australia. I. Australian Catholic University. II. Australian Catholic Bishops Conference. II. Australian Conference of Leaders of Religious Institutes. Bishops' Committee for Justice, Development and Peace. Title. 282.0820994 Printed in Australia by Griffin Press Pty Ltd on 79gsm Bulky Paperback 54321 02010099 CONTENTS Membership of Research Management Group v Executive Summary vii List of Abbreviations x Introduction xi PART ONE: BACKGROUND AND CONTEXTUAL PAPERS Background and Preparation for the Project I Women in the Australian Church: An Historical Perspective 19 Women in the Australian Church: An Ecumenical Perspective 43 PART TWO: FIVE MAJOR RESEARCH APPROACHES Written Submissions 53 Catholic Church Life Survey 131 Public Hearings 167 Targeted Groups: Views of Various Sectors of the Church 233 Survey of Catholic Church Organisations and Theological Institutions 339 PART THREE: OVERVIEW OF REPORT Overview of the Report 365 APPENDICES 1. Writers of Contextual Papers: Biographical Information 397 2. Guidelines for Written Submissions 398 3. Written Submissions from Individuals 405 4. Written Submissions from Groups 425 5. Instructions for Coders and Coding Frame 437 6. Coders of Written Submissions 450 7. Catholic Church Life Survey: Sample Design 451 8. Catholic Church Life Survey: Outline of Questionnaires 452 9. Catholic Church Life Survey: Survey H 453 10. Public Hearings: Procedures and Application Forms 458 11. Public Hearings 462 12. National Board of Catholic Women: Consultative Body to Bishops Conference of England and Wales 473 13. Archdiocese of Brisbane: Women's Participation in the Life of the Archdiocese: Present Roles and Future Directions 475 14. Archdiocese of Adelaide: Diocesan Pastoral Team 478 15. Targeted Discussion Groups: Materials Sent to Potential Contacts 480 16. Contacts and Group Leaders of Targeted Discussion Groups 487 17. Materials Sent to Catholic Organisations 488 18. Letter Sent to Theological Institutes 491 19. Survey of Women Undertaking Theological Studies in Catholic Institutions 1998 492 20. Australian Social Justice Trends in the Nineties 493 MEMBERSHIP OF RESEARCH MANAGEMENT GROUP Most Reverend Kevin Manning, Convenor Professor Peter Carpenter, Chairperson Dr Marie Macdonald, Project Coordinator Ms Sandie Cornish Dr Michael Costigan Mr Robert Dixon Sr Margaret Malone sgs Sr Sonia Wagner sgs EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Research Project on "The Participation of Women in the Catholic Church in Australia" was undertaken for the Australian Catholic Bishops Conference by the Bishops' Committee for Justice, Development and Peace, Australian Catholic University and the Australian Conference of Leaders of Religious Institutes. The Project was launched by Cardinal Clancy on August 21, 1996 and the Report on the Project presented to the Plenary Meeting of the Australian Catholic Bishops Conference on April 12,1999. The overall aim of the study was to gather data on the participation of women in the Catholic Church in Australia. In order to achieve this aim, the Research Project addressed four key questions concerning various ways in which women participate in the Catholic Church in Australia, assistance and support currently offered to women to enable their participation, barriers to women's participation and ways in which women's participation could be increased. It was intended that the information obtained would provide a solid basis for theological reflection, pastoral planning and dialogue with women and women's groups. The Research Project used both quantitative and qualitative research methods including contextual papers, written submissions, public hearings, a large-scale sampling of church attenders undertaken as part of the Catholic Church Life Survey, a survey of Catholic organisations, and targeted groups involving voices which had not been heard in the written submissions and public hearings. In the written submissions, public hearings and targeted groups, responses were elicited from women and men from a variety of backgrounds and ages, those actively involved in Catholic Church structures and those who were not. The project attracted an overwhelming response, significantly greater than the response to similar consultations conducted in recent times in the Catholic Church and in the broader Australian society. This in itself is a clear indication that the issue of the participation of women in the Catholic Church in Australia is crucial and controversial. The research identified two broad approaches to the participation of women in the Catholic Church: one oriented towards maintaining the current participation of women, or even returning to the position of the pre-Vatican H Church, the other seeking an expanded role for women. The dominant issue arising from the research was gender equality, recognising the equal dignity of women and men created in the image and likeness of God. This understanding of equality did not imply the sameness of men and women, but rather their complementarity and mutuality. The Church was seen to be lagging behind the wider Australian society in recognising the changing role of women as one of the "signs of the times" and affirming the equality of women. The very limited participation of women in decision-making at present and the need to increase women's involvement in decision-making at all levels were constant and major themes. Involvement in decision-making was often linked with a call to promote opportunities for women to participate in leadership in the Church. The research found that, while there is a range of views concerning women and the Church, there is virtually no disparity of views based on gender. It is concluded that the issue of the participation of women in the Church is not just a concern for women only but rather an issue for the Church as a whole. Results of the Catholic Church Life Survey revealed that church attenders have a considerably older profile than the Catholic population in general, that women outnumber men in the ratio of about three to two and that more than half of all attenders are not involved in any regular way in other parish activities, although women are more likely to be involved than men are. There is an under-representation of young people and of those who are separated or divorced. The Survey found that the great majority of church attenders have a strong sense of belonging to their parish and feel that it is adequately meeting their spiritual needs, have never felt unwelcome in the Church in recent years, and have been given sufficient assistance to complete a task when they have accepted responsibility. Respondents suggested that the best ways to increase women's participation were through prayer, increasing women's involvement in decision-making and Church administration, and reforming beliefs and practices that do not promote the equality of men and women. Three quarters said they have neither experienced nor observed barriers to women's participation in the Church but more than a quarter said they did not accept the Church's teaching on the ordination of women. By contrast, the overall findings of the written submissions, public hearings and targeted groups revealed a strong sense of pain and alienation resulting from the Church's stance on women. The results of these research approaches highlighted the enormous contribution of women to all aspects of the life of the Church, except in the ordained ministry, leadership and decision-making. It was perceived that little assistance and support were received from the institutional Church to undertake anything other than andillaiy and support roles. Significant barriers to the full participation of women were experienced. The fundamental barrier concerned traditions and attitudes which were seen to be inconsistent with the person and viii Woman and Man: One in Christ Jesus message of Jesus Christ and especially his relationship with women. The major suggestions to increase women's participation were the involvement of women in decision-making at all levels, a re-examination of the nature of
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