DOCSLIB.ORG

The Harmony of Illusions the Harmony of Illusions

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Harmony of Illusions the Harmony of Illusions THE HARMONY OF ILLUSIONS THE HARMONY OF ILLUSIONS I NVENTING POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER Allan Young PRINCETON UNIVERSITY PRESS PRINCETON, NEW JERSEY Copyright 1995 by Princeton University Press Published by Princeton University Press, 41 William Street, Princeton, New Jersey 08540 In the United Kingdom: Princeton University Press, Chichester, West Sussex All Rights Reserved Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Young, Allan, 1938– The harmony of illusions : inventing post-traumatic stress disorder / Allan Young. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-691-03352-8 (cloth : alk. paper) 1. Post-traumatic stress disorder—Philosophy. 2. Social epistemology. I. Title. RC552.P67Y68 1995 616.85′21—dc20 95-16254 This book has been composed in Times Roman Princeton University Press books are printed on acid-free paper and meet the guidelines for permanence and durability of the Committee on Production Guidelines for Book Longevity of the Council on Library Resources Printed in the United States of America by Princeton Academic Press 10987654321 For Roberta Contents Acknowledgments ix Introduction 3 PART I: THE ORIGINS OF TRAUMATIC MEMORY One Making Traumatic Memory 13 Two World War I 43 PART II: THE TRANSFORMATION OF TRAUMATIC MEMORY Three The DSM-III Revolution 89 Four The Architecture of Traumatic Time 118 PART III: POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER IN PRACTICE Five The Technology of Diagnosis 145 Six Everyday Life in a Psychiatric Unit 176 Seven Talking about PTSD 224 Eight The Biology of Traumatic Memory 264 Conclusion 287 Notes 291 Works Cited 299 Index 321 Acknowledgments I OWE a debt to colleagues and friends in the Department of Social Studies of Medicine and the Department of Psychiatry at McGill University: I thank Don Bates, Alberto Cambrosio, Margaret Lock, Faith Wallis, George Weisz, and Laurence Kirmayer for their invaluable advice. I owe a similar debt to Atwood Gaines and Ronnie Frankenberg, who read and commented on earlier drafts. Arthur Kleinman has shown me many kindnesses, both intellectual and professional, while I prepared this book. I am grateful for these favors, but most of all for his sympathetic understanding of my overall project. I am likewise grateful to Ian Hacking for his advice, and I hope that the influence of his ideas on my book will be obvious to my readers. I also want to thank Mark Micale for many helpful suggestions, particularly in connection with the historical sections. The ethnographic segment of this book would have been impossible with- out the many favors shown to me by Jack Smith, Glenn Davis, David Leben- thal, and Susan Johnson. I am likewise grateful for the consideration given to me by both the patients and staff whom I met and was permitted to listen to at the Veterans Administration medical unit described in the following pages. It would be difficult to exaggerate my special obligation to Paul Emery. He has been a friend and a mentor. He has been generous with his time and his knowledge and has treated me with a measure of kindness that will always place me in his debt. I thank William Schlenger, Terrence Keane, and John Fairbank for the valuable information they provided in connection with the National Viet- nam Veterans Rehabilitation Study. I also want to express my gratitude to the Veterans Administration Medical System for its material assistance dur- ing my field research. McGill University has generously provided me with a faculty research grant to support the preparation of the final manuscript. I also want to thank Mary Murrell for her expert opinion, patience, and encouragement, and Vicky Wilson-Schwartz for her meticulous attention to my manuscript. The infelicities and obscurities that remain are entirely my own. The research for this book began in 1986. In the intervening years, I pre- sented drafts of chapters at seminars and conferences in Canada, the United States, the United Kingdom, and Germany. I am grateful to the colleagues who were present on these occasions for their many helpful suggestions. I apologize for failing to express my gratitude to them individually. x ACKNOWLEDGMENTS My greatest debt is to Naomi Breslau. Without her help and encourag- ment, I would never have found my way to the subjects and places that are described in this book. Without her guidance and instruction, I would never have understood the things that I now claim to understand. THE HARMONY OF ILLUSIONS Introduction AS FAR BACK as we know, people have been tormented by memories that filled them with feelings of sadness and remorse, the sense of irreparable loss, and sensations of fright and horror. During the nineteenth century, a new kind of painful memory emerged. It was unlike the memories of earlier times in that it originated in a previously unidentified psychological state, called “traumatic,” and was linked to previously unknown kinds of forget- ting, called “repression” and “dissociation.” The new memory is best known today in connection with a psychiatric malady, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). PTSD was adopted by the American Psychiatric Association as part of its official nosology in 1980, and it rapidly attracted the attention of clinicians and researchers through- out the Americas, Britain, Australia, Scandinavia, and Israel. Soon after- ward, a contributor to the British Journal of Psychiatry reported that he had discovered evidence of the syndrome in the Diary of Samuel Pepys,inthe pages where Pepys describes his mental condition following the Great Fire of London in 1666 (Daly 1983:67). Pepys’s self-reported symptoms are said to correspond to the diagnostic features listed in the official no- sology—intrusive images of his frightening experience, feelings of detach- ment and estrangement, survivor’s guilt, memory impairment, and so on— and the Diary is said to establish that PTSD existed in the past. In the following years, writers uncovered progressively earlier historical evi- dence of PTSD. The shadow of traumatic memory was spied beneath the surface of this passage from Shakespeare’s King Henry IV, Part One (Trimble 1985:86): Tell me, sweet lord, what is’t that takes from thee Thy stomach, pleasure and golden sleep? Why dost thou bend thine eyes upon the earth, And start so often when thou sit’st alone? Why hast thou lost the fresh blood in thy cheeks, And given my treasures and my rights of thee To thick-eyed musing and cursed melancholy?1 More recently, evidence of PTSD has been discovered in the Epic of Gil- gamesh, which takes the disorder and its memory back to the dawn of re- corded history (Boehnlein and Kinzie 1992:598; also Parry-Jones and Parry-Jones 1994). In the following chapters, I argue that none of these writers—neither Pepys, nor Shakespeare, nor the author of Gilgamesh—was referring to the 4 INTRODUCTION thing that we now call the traumatic memory, for this memory was unavail- able to them. In everyday usage, the term “memory” has three meanings: the mental capacity to retrieve stored information and to perform learned mental operations, such as long division; the semantic, imagistic, or sen- sory content of recollections; and the location where these recollections are stored. John Locke and David Hume proposed that memory, in the second and third senses, is intrinsically connected to our conception of “self” and “self-awareness” (Richards 1992:159–161; Warnock 1987:57–60). By connecting self-awareness with the past, memory provides the body with a subject and subjectivity. It is the source of the “I” that initiates the body’s purposeful acts and the “me” who experiences its pleasures and vicissi- tudes and must accept responsibility for its actions. Without memory, the I/me would fail to transcend momentary states of awareness and self-con- sciousness. It would be a string of experientially unconnected points, a “dehumanizing” condition that is associated with certain neurological pa- thologies (cf. Parfit 1984:202–217). Our sense of being a person is shaped not simply by our active memories, however; it is also a product of our conceptions of “memory.” What occupies me in this book is how certain of these conceptions have changed over time, together with the practices through which memories are retrieved, interpreted, and narrated. In eighteenth-century Europe, the prevailing conception was that a memory consists of mental images and verbal content: a person sees, says, or otherwise apprehends the things that he remembers.2 During the next century, the boundaries of memory were expanded to include contents lo- cated in acts and bodily conditions (e.g., automatisms, hysterical contrac- tures) as well as words and images. Further, the very fact that these acts and conditions were “memory” was unknown to the person who owned the memory. This new conception was based on the idea that intensely frightening or disturbing experiences could produce memories that are concealed in auto- matic behaviors, repetitive acts over which the affected person exercised no conscious control. Without the intervention of an expert, the owner of a “parasitic” memory remained unaware of its content and ignorant that it influenced aspects of his life—an idea that would have been literally un- thinkable in the previous century. The discovery of traumatic memory revised the scope of two core at- tributes of the Western self, free will and self-knowledge—the capacity to reflect upon and to attempt to put into action one’s desires, preferences, and intentions (Dworkin 1988:chaps.3 and 4; Harris 1989:3; Johnson 1993:chap. 6; Ouroussoff 1993:287–295). At the same time, it created a new language of self-deception (Rorty 1985) and justified the emergence of a new class of authorities, the medical experts who would now claim INTRODUCTION 5 access to memory contents that owners (patients) were hiding from them- selves.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Katsushika Hokusai and a Poetics of Nostalgia
    ACCESS: CONTEMPORARY ISSUES IN EDUCATION 2015, VOL. 33, NO. 1, 33–46 https://doi.org/10.1080/00131857.2014.964158 Katsushika Hokusai and a Poetics of Nostalgia David Bell College of Education, University of Otago ABSTRACT KEYWORDS This article addresses the activation of aesthetics through the examination of cultural memory, Hokusai, an acute sensitivity to melancholy and time permeating the literary and ukiyo-e, poetic allusion, nostalgia, mono no aware pictorial arts of Japan. In medieval court circles, this sensitivity was activated through a pervasive sense of aware, a poignant reflection on the pathos of things. This sensibility became the motivating force for court verse, and ARTICLE HISTORY through this medium, for the mature projects of the ukiyo-e ‘floating world First published in picture’ artist Katsushika Hokusai. Hokusai reached back to aware sensibilities, Educational Philosophy and Theory, 2015, Vol. 47, No. 6, subjects and conventions in celebrations of the poetic that sustained cultural 579–595 memories resonating classical lyric and pastoral themes. This paper examines how this elegiac sensibility activated Hokusai’s preoccupations with poetic allusion in his late representations of scholar-poets and the unfinished series of Hyakunin isshu uba-ga etoki, ‘One hundred poems, by one hundred poets, explained by the nurse’. It examines four works to explain how their synthesis of the visual and poetic could sustain aware themes and tropes over time to maintain a distinctive sense of this aesthetic sensibility in Japan. Introduction: Mono no aware How can an aesthetic sensibility become an activating force in and through poetic and pictorial amalgams of specific cultural histories and memories? This article examines how the poignant aesthetic sensibility of mono no aware (a ‘sensitivity to the pathos of things’) established a guiding inflection for social engagements of the Heian period (794–1185CE) Fujiwara court in Japan.
    [Show full text]
  • From Grasping to Emptiness – Excursions Into the Thought-World of the Pāli Discourses (2)
    From Grasping to Emptiness – Excursions into the Thought-world of the Pāli Discourses (2) Anālayo © 2010 Anālayo Published by The Buddhist Association of the United States 2020 Route 301, Carmel, New York 10512 Printed in Taiwan Cover design by Laurent Dhaussy ISBN 978-0-615-25529-3 Introduction 3 1. Grasping / Upādāna 5 1.1 Grasping at Sensual Pleasures 5 1.2 Grasping at Views 7 1.3 Grasping at Rules and Observances 9 1.4 Grasping at a Doctrine of Self 10 1.5 The Five Aggregates [Affected by] Clinging 13 1.6 Grasping and Nibbāna 15 1.7 Freedom from Grasping 16 2. Personality View / Sakkāyadihi 19 2.1 Manifestations of Personality View 19 2.2 Removal of Personality View 24 3. Right View / Sammādihi 27 3.1 Wrong View 27 3.2 Right View and Investigation 29 3.3 Right View as the Forerunner of the Path 31 3.4 Arrival at Right View 33 3.5 Right View and the Four Noble Truths 34 4. Volitional Formations / Sakhārā 39 4.1 Sakhāras as an Aggregate 40 4.2 Sakhāras as a Link in Dependent Arising 44 4.3 Sakhāras in General 48 5. Thought / Vitakka 55 5.1 The Ethical Perspective on Thought 56 5.2 The Arising of Thought 57 5.3 The Vitakkasahāna-sutta 60 5.4 Vitakka in Meditation 64 5.5 Thought Imagery 66 6. Wise Attention / Yoniso Manasikāra 69 6.1 Wise ( Yoniso ) 69 6.2 Attention ( Manasikāra ) 72 6.3 The Implications of Wise Attention 72 6.4 The Importance of Wise Attention 78 7.
    [Show full text]
  • UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT EASTERN DISTRICT of MISSOURI EASTERN DIVISION JEFFREY D. BRIDGES, ) ) Plaintiff, ) ) V. )
    Case: 4:06-cv-01200-ERW Doc. #: 16 Filed: 07/26/07 Page: 1 of 40 PageID #: <pageID> UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT EASTERN DISTRICT OF MISSOURI EASTERN DIVISION JEFFREY D. BRIDGES, ) ) Plaintiff, ) ) v. ) Case number 4:06cv1200 ERW ) TCM MICHAEL J. ASTRUE, ) Commissioner of Social Security,1 ) ) Defendant. ) REPORT AND RECOMMENDATION OF UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE This is an action under 42 U.S.C. § 405(g) for judicial review of the final decision of Michael Astrue, the Commissioner of Social Security ("Commissioner"), denying Jeffrey D. Bridges disability insurance benefits ("DIB") under Title II of the Social Security Act ("the Act"), 42 U.S.C. §§ 401-433. Plaintiff has filed a brief in support of his complaint; the Commissioner has filed a brief in support of his answer. The case was referred to the undersigned United States Magistrate Judge for a review and recommended disposition pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 636(b). Procedural History Jeffrey D. Bridges ("Plaintiff") applied for DIB in December 2003, alleging he was disabled as of January 2000 by Wegener's disease, stress, aches and pains, memory loss, 1Mr. Astrue was sworn in as the Commissioner of Social Security on February 12, 2007, and is hereby substituted as defendant pursuant to Rule 25(d)(1) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. Case: 4:06-cv-01200-ERW Doc. #: 16 Filed: 07/26/07 Page: 2 of 40 PageID #: <pageID> depression, high blood pressure, and anxiety. (R. at 48-50.)2 This application was denied initially and after a hearing held in November 2004 before Administrative Law Judge ("ALJ") James B.
    [Show full text]
  • Looking for Leaders in a World of Venomous Politics Couple of Years Ago, I Had Top of Utah Voices Regretfully, Cleland’S Decision Government
    Standard-Examiner ... Opinion Tuesday, October 3, 2006 7A Looking for leaders in a world of venomous politics couple of years ago, I had Top of Utah Voices Regretfully, Cleland’s decision government. the opportunity to meet Max not to seek elected office hasn’t A few weeks ago, 39 citizens ACleland when he came to stemmed the personal attacks. came forward to volunteer to fill Ogden to give the keynote address Cleland is still called upon to give a vacant seat on the Ogden City at a celebration to honor World Michael speeches and express opinions Council. This is several times the War II veterans. on political issues. This is enough number of candidates who would Cleland is a disabled veteran of Vaughan to gather the wrath of those who file for an open council seat during the Vietnam War. He was awarded disagree with him. a normal election. This suggests the Silver Star and Bronze Star. On Here is what Ann Coulter that the number of citizens willing April 8, 1968, Cleland was injured Commentary wrote about Cleland after the 2002 to serve in political office is far by an exploding grenade. The election: “It is simply a fact that greater than the number willing to injury cost Cleland both legs and Michael Vaughan is Weber State University’s Max Cleland was not injured by go through the demands of a public part of one arm. provost. He accepts e-mail from readers at enemy fire in Vietnam.” election. Shortly after his return to [email protected] Coulter concludes, “He saw a Concerns over venomous the United States, Cleland ran grenade on the ground and picked politics shouldn’t be taken as for the Georgia Senate where Cleland was emphatic that he it up.
    [Show full text]
  • Congressional Advisory Boards Commissions, and Groups
    CONGRESSIONAL ADVISORY BOARDS COMMISSIONS, AND GROUPS BOARD OF VISITORS TO THE AIR FORCE ACADEMY [Title 10, U.S.C., Section 9355(a)] Ernest F. Hollings, of South Carolina C.W. Bill Young, of Florida Max Cleland, of Georgia Joel Hefley, of Colorado Wayne Allard, of Colorado BOARD OF VISITORS TO THE MILITARY ACADEMY [Title 10, U.S.C., Section 4355(a)] Jack Reed, of Rhode Island Charles H. Taylor, of North Carolina Mary Landrieu, of Louisiana Sue Kelly, of New York Rick Santorum, of Pennsylvania BOARD OF VISITORS TO THE NAVAL ACADEMY [Title 10, U.S.C., Section 6968(a)] Paul Sarbanes, of Maryland Wayne T. Gilchrest, of Maryland Barbara Mikulski, of Maryland Joe Skeen, of New Mexico John McCain, of Arizona BOARD OF VISITORS TO THE COAST GUARD ACADEMY [Title 14 U.S.C., Section 194(a)] Ernest F. Hollings, of South Carolina Rob Simmons, of Connecticut Patty Murray, of Washington Gene Taylor, of Mississippi John McCain, of Arizona Peter G. Fitzgerald, of Illinois BOARD OF VISITORS TO THE MERCHANT MARINE ACADEMY [Title 46 U.S.C., Section 1295(b)] John Edwards, of North Carolina Peter T. King, of New York John Breaux, of Louisiana John McCain, of Arizona Olympia J. Snowe, of Maine 485 486 Congressional Directory BROADCASTING BOARD OF GOVERNORS [Created by Public Law 103–236] 330 Independence Avenue SW, Suite 3360, 20237 phone 401–3736, fax 401–6605 Chairman.—Marc Nathanson. GOVERNORS Tom Korologos Cheryl Halpern Edward Kaufman Colin Powell Robert Mark Ledbetter (ex officio) Norman Pattiz STAFF Executive Director.—Brian Conniff. Legal Counsel.—Carol Booker.
    [Show full text]
  • Factors Influencing Depression in Men: a Qualitative Investigation
    University of Kentucky UKnowledge Theses and Dissertations--Nursing College of Nursing 2015 Factors Influencing Depression in Men: A Qualitative Investigation Lori A. Mutiso University of Kentucky, [email protected] Right click to open a feedback form in a new tab to let us know how this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Mutiso, Lori A., "Factors Influencing Depression in Men: A Qualitative Investigation" (2015). Theses and Dissertations--Nursing. 15. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/nursing_etds/15 This Doctoral Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the College of Nursing at UKnowledge. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations--Nursing by an authorized administrator of UKnowledge. For more information, please contact [email protected]. STUDENT AGREEMENT: I represent that my thesis or dissertation and abstract are my original work. Proper attribution has been given to all outside sources. I understand that I am solely responsible for obtaining any needed copyright permissions. I have obtained needed written permission statement(s) from the owner(s) of each third-party copyrighted matter to be included in my work, allowing electronic distribution (if such use is not permitted by the fair use doctrine) which will be submitted to UKnowledge as Additional File. I hereby grant to The University of Kentucky and its agents the irrevocable, non-exclusive, and royalty-free license to archive and make accessible my work in whole or in part in all forms of media, now or hereafter known. I agree that the document mentioned above may be made available immediately for worldwide access unless an embargo applies.
    [Show full text]
  • From Grasping to Emptiness – Excursions Into the Thought-World of the Pāli Discourses (2)
    From Grasping to Emptiness – Excursions into the Thought-world of the Pāli Discourses (2) Anālayo © 2010 Anālayo Published by The Buddhist Association of the United States 2020 Route 301, Carmel, New York 10512 Printed in Taiwan Cover design by Laurent Dhaussy ISBN 978-0-615-25529-3 Introduction 3 1. Grasping / Upādāna 5 1.1 Grasping at Sensual Pleasures 5 1.2 Grasping at Views 7 1.3 Grasping at Rules and Observances 9 1.4 Grasping at a Doctrine of Self 10 1.5 The Five Aggregates [Affected by] Clinging 13 1.6 Grasping and Nibbāna 15 1.7 Freedom from Grasping 16 2. Personality View / Sakkāyadihi 19 2.1 Manifestations of Personality View 19 2.2 Removal of Personality View 24 3. Right View / Sammādihi 27 3.1 Wrong View 27 3.2 Right View and Investigation 29 3.3 Right View as the Forerunner of the Path 31 3.4 Arrival at Right View 33 3.5 Right View and the Four Noble Truths 34 4. Volitional Formations / Sakhārā 39 4.1 Sakhāras as an Aggregate 40 4.2 Sakhāras as a Link in Dependent Arising 44 4.3 Sakhāras in General 48 5. Thought / Vitakka 55 5.1 The Ethical Perspective on Thought 56 5.2 The Arising of Thought 57 5.3 The Vitakkasahāna-sutta 60 5.4 Vitakka in Meditation 64 5.5 Thought Imagery 66 6. Wise Attention / Yoniso Manasikāra 69 6.1 Wise ( Yoniso ) 69 6.2 Attention ( Manasikāra ) 72 6.3 The Implications of Wise Attention 72 6.4 The Importance of Wise Attention 78 7.
    [Show full text]
  • The Clinical Presentation of Psychotic Disorders Bob Boland MD Slide 1
    The Clinical Presentation of Psychotic Disorders Bob Boland MD Slide 1 Psychotic Disorders Slide 2 As with all the disorders, it is preferable to pick Archetype one “archetypal” disorder for the category of • Schizophrenia disorder, understand it well, and then know the others as they compare. For the psychotic disorders, the diagnosis we will concentrate on will be Schizophrenia. Slide 3 A good way to organize discussions of Phenomenology phenomenology is by using the same structure • The mental status exam as the mental status examination. – Appearance –Mood – Thought – Cognition – Judgment and Insight Clinical Presentation of Psychotic Disorders. Slide 4 Motor disturbances include disorders of Appearance mobility, activity and volition. Catatonic – Motor disturbances • Catatonia stupor is a state in which patients are •Stereotypy • Mannerisms immobile, mute, yet conscious. They exhibit – Behavioral problems •Hygiene waxy flexibility, or assumption of bizarre • Social functioning – “Soft signs” postures as most dramatic example. Catatonic excitement is uncontrolled and aimless motor activity. It is important to differentiate from substance-induced movement disorders, such as extrapyramidal symptoms and tardive dyskinesia. Slide 5 Disorders of behavior may involve Appearance deterioration of social functioning-- social • Behavioral Problems • Social functioning withdrawal, self neglect, neglect of • Other – Ex. Neuro soft signs environment (deterioration of housing, etc.), or socially inappropriate behaviors (talking to themselves in
    [Show full text]
  • Bb-Wasp-V5.Pdf
    Content 4 / Welcome Address 5 / About WASP 7 / Scientic Committee 8 / National Organizing Committee International Advisory Board 9 / Council of Past Presidents 10 / Invited Speakers WASP Early Career Psychiatrists 15 / Fellowship Program 16 / Why come to Bucharest 17 / Useful Information 19 / Types of badges 21 / General Outline of Scientific Sessions 23 / Scientific Programme 23 / Day 0, Thursday, 24th of October 25 / Day 1, Friday, 25th of October 40 / Day 2, Saturday, 26th of October 62 / Day 3, Sunday, 27th of October 75 / Day 4, Monday, 28th of October 87 / E-Poster Session Recommendations for Speakers 96 / and Chairs 99 / Exhibition Map 100 / Information about Bucharest Content 102 / Photo Contest 103 / Notes 23rd WORLD CONGRESS OF SOCIAL PSYCHIATRY / 25-28 October 2019 / Bucharest Message from the President We are delighted to invite you to the 23rd Congress of the World Association of Social Psychiatry at Bucharest, October 25-28, 2019. This is a special occasion for all of us including our member societies, social psychiatrists and mental health professionals all over the world to meet together and engage in scientific deliberations. The theme of the Congress, “Social determinants of mental health and access to care” is contemporary and relevant. It reflects our concern for mental health in this age of globalization, commercialization and the merging of boundaries between nations. Prof. Roy Abraham Kallivayalil President, World Association of Social Psychiatry Message from LOC Chair We are very pleased that this prestigious event and all its formidable speakers have chosen Romania as a destination for this year congress. Personally, I have prepared a very up to date topic materialized in a Master Class on Preventing Youth Suicide in Europe to which I invited everyone to attend.
    [Show full text]
  • Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio in Catatonia
    Original article Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio in catatonia SENGUL KOCAMER SAHIN1 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5371-3907 CELAL YAşAMALI1 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2813-2270 MUHAMMET BERKAY ÖZYÜREK2 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7016-1411 GÜLÇIN ELBOğA1 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3903-1835 ABDURRAHMAN ALTINDAğ1 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5531-4419 AHMET ZIYA şAHIN3 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5853-8709 1 Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey. 2 Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Balıkesir University, Balıkesir, Turkey. 3 Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Sanko University, Gaziantep, Turkey. Received: 05/18/2019 – Accepted: 01/14/2020 DOI: 10.1590/0101-60830000000232 Abstract Background: There is growing evidence of subclinical inflammation in mental disorders. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate frequency of symptoms of catatonia and the newly diagnosed subclinical inflammatory markers which are neutrophil/lymphocyte (NLR), platelet/lymphocyte (PLR), monocyte/lymphocyte (MLR) ratios in catatonia patients due to mental disorders. Methods: Patients who were admitted to psychiatry clinic with the diagnosis of catatonia according to DSM 5 in the last two years and equal number of control group were included in this retrospective study. Univariate analysis of covariance controlled for possible confounders was used to compare NLR, PLR, MLR ratios between patients and the control group. Results: A total of 34 catatonia patients and 34 healthy controls were included in the study. Patients’ mean age was 30.88 + 13.4. NLR value was significantly higher in the patient group than control group. There was no significant difference between the patients and control group according to PLR, MLR values.Discussion: The presence of subclinical inflammation in catatonic syndrome due to mental disorders should be considered.
    [Show full text]
  • Catatonia in Depression: Prevalence, Clinical J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry: First Published As 10.1136/Jnnp.60.3.326 on 1 March 1996
    32632ournal ofNeurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 1996;60:326-332 Catatonia in depression: prevalence, clinical J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry: first published as 10.1136/jnnp.60.3.326 on 1 March 1996. Downloaded from correlates, and validation of a scale Sergio E Starkstein, Gustavo Petracca, Alejandra Teson, Eran Chemerinski, Marcelo Merello, Ricardo Migliorelli, Ramon Leiguarda Abstract mute and immobile, with staring expression, Objectives-To examine the clinical cor- gaze fixed into space, with an apparent com- relates of catatonia in depression, to vali- plete loss of will, no reaction to sensory stim- date a scale for catatonia, and to assess uli, sometimes with the symptom of waxy the validity of the DSM-IV criteria of the flexibility completely developed, as in catatonic features specifier for mood dis- catalepsy, sometimes of a mild degree, but orders. clearly recognisable," and labelled this state Methods-A series of 79 consecutive "vesania katatonica".2 Stressing that catatonia patients with depression and 41 patients was not related to "affective" melancholy with Parkinson's disease without depres- sensu strictu, Wernicke suggested the term sion were examined using the modified "motilitatpsychose", and suggested that this Rogers scale (MRS), the unified disorder may be the result of dysfunction of a Parkinson's disease rating scale "psychomotor path", producing either akine- (UPDRS), and the structured clinical sis, parakinesis, or hyperkinesis.3 Whereas interview for DSM-III-R (SCID). Kahlbaum and Wernicke placed catatonia Results-Sixteen of the 79 depressed within the range of the affective disorders, patients (20%) had catatonia. Depressed Kraepelin4 considered catatonia as a type of patients with catatonia had significantly schizophrenia, and this disorder aroused little higher scores on the MRS than non-cata- interest until recently.
    [Show full text]
  • Amateur Sports Integrity Act, S. 718
    S. HRG. 107–1092 AMATEUR SPORTS INTEGRITY ACT, S. 718 HEARING BEFORE THE COMMITTEE ON COMMERCE, SCIENCE, AND TRANSPORTATION UNITED STATES SENATE ONE HUNDRED SEVENTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION APRIL 26, 2001 Printed for the use of the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation ( U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 88–464 PDF WASHINGTON : 2004 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800 Fax: (202) 512–2250 Mail: Stop SSOP, Washington, DC 20402–0001 VerDate 0ct 09 2002 10:40 Dec 01, 2004 Jkt 088464 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 5011 Sfmt 5011 S:\WPSHR\GPO\DOCS\88464.TXT JACK PsN: JACKF SENATE COMMITTEE ON COMMERCE, SCIENCE, AND TRANSPORTATION ONE HUNDRED SEVENTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION JOHN MCCAIN, Arizona, Chairman TED STEVENS, Alaska ERNEST F. HOLLINGS, South Carolina CONRAD BURNS, Montana DANIEL K. INOUYE, Hawaii TRENT LOTT, Mississippi JOHN D. ROCKEFELLER IV, West Virginia KAY BAILEY HUTCHISON, Texas JOHN F. KERRY, Massachusetts OLYMPIA J. SNOWE, Maine JOHN B. BREAUX, Louisiana SAM BROWNBACK, Kansas BYRON L. DORGAN, North Dakota GORDON SMITH, Oregon RON WYDEN, Oregon PETER G. FITZGERALD, Illinois MAX CLELAND, Georgia JOHN ENSIGN, Nevada BARBARA BOXER, California GEORGE ALLEN, Virginia JOHN EDWARDS, North Carolina JEAN CARNAHAN, Missouri MARK BUSE, Republican Staff Director ANN CHOINIERE, Republican General Counsel KEVIN D. KAYES, Democratic Staff Director MOSES BOYD, Democratic Chief Counsel (II) VerDate 0ct 09 2002 10:40 Dec 01, 2004 Jkt 088464 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 5904 S:\WPSHR\GPO\DOCS\88464.TXT JACK PsN: JACKF C O N T E N T S Page Hearing held on April 26, 2001 .............................................................................
    [Show full text]