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November 1 to 7 2019 Vol 35 No 44 @mailandguardian mg.co.za

Tito’s ‘mini-budget’: Ask : Harsh reality and A final is how legends hard choices 19 & 20 are born SPORT Cyril in a Gwede THE NEWS O NPA’s Asset Forfeiture Unit trap recovers nearly R12-billion

The O The women healing the divided president needs appeal court the tiger on his O The family finding home team but he cannot on the road ignore the bribe allegations Our stories about the people making better Pages 6 to 13 Page 3 2 Mail & Guardian November 1 to 7 2019 IN BRIEF

Budget Grinch fi nds R1.3bn for NPA ppm Finance Minister put in a stel- NUMBERS OF THE WEEK 408.4440 lar bid for the prize of the Grinch with his As of September this is the level of carbon doomsday medium-term budget policy state- dioxide in the atmosphere. A safe number ment speech. But there was a sliver of light, at New Zealand is 350 while 450 is catastrophic least for the National Prosecuting Authority (NPA) and its head, Shamila Batohi, who’s South Data source: NASA complained to all and sundry that she doesn’t Africa have enough money to fi ght state capture. The budget chef dug deep into his pantry and Glug, glug, glug – found R1.3-billion to help the caped . With tales of looting, maladministration and The amount Sasol will sink us blatant theft a near daily occurrence at the Australia Zondo commission, not to mention the daily Finance Minister Tito Mboweni said on The number of countries that Good news! bread of newspapers for more than a decade, Wednesday that the state spends in a have4 won the . Sasol has committed to reducing its car- there is surely some low-hanging fruit for the year on cellphones for public servants New Zealand has won it three times, England bon emissions by 10%. This is a company prosecuting authority to go after. Australia and South Africa twice, and England once that was created to turn coal into fuel. So the commitment is something. As is the Malema off the hook John acceptance that it contributes to global for hate speech Witherspoon The age of warming. The equality court veteran actor That’s the end of the good news. has dismissed and comedian The 10% reduction is as absurd as the Public Enterprises 77 John Witherspoon — Economic Freedom Fighters’ election Minister Pravin campaign promise to cut South Africa’s Gordhan’s hate loved as Grandad in the carbon emissions by 5%. Neither are cog- speech case against TV series Boondocks — nisant of the reality of the climate crisis. Economic Freedom when he died this week The United Nations says global car- Fighters leader Julius bon emissions have to drop by 45% by Malema. The red beret leader had called 2030. If they don’t, life on Earth becomes Gordhan a “dog of white monopoly capital”, Happy 50th birthday to the internet — treacherous. among other expletives, during an address the first message over a network of com- The number of buildings South Africa has largely ignored this outside the Zondo commission last year. In puters that would evolve into the inter- 81 000 owned by the department science. In a report released last month its judgement the court found that, although net was sent 50 years ago this week of public works and infrastructure, of which detailing its climate plans, Sasol does a Malema’s utterances promoted hatred of 703 are vacant, according to the Freedom good job of appearing as if it is doing a Gordhan and were “obnoxious” and “juvenile”, great deal to reduce emissions — but then they did not constitute hate speech in its nar- Front Plus. Property taxes are R36m a year it explains why the company can’t actually row defi nition. Gordhan was further ordered do much. to pay costs. For context: Sasol is the second largest The number of years serial rapist, burglar polluter in South Africa; it lobbies for ‘Dodgy’ doc suspended for botched ups and cop killer Bongani Lucky Masuku environmental laws to be watered down The death of a 10-year-old boy undergoing rou- was sentenced to in the high and it applies for exemptions to comply tine surgery has raised serious questions about 758court, sitting in the Benoni magistrates court with already weak air quality legislation. the accountability of medical staff . Surgeon Graphic: JOHN McCANN Compiled by: ATHANDIWE SABA Sasol is as bad a petrochemical com- Dr Peter Beale, together with anaesthetist Dr pany as you can get. But petrochemical Abdulhay Munshi were both suspended from companies are collapsing as investors practising at Netcare and Life Healthcare clin- compound was bombarded move their money to assets that care ics after Zayyaan Sayed died following surgery to ensure it doesn’t become TWEET OF THE WEEK about the future. So Sasol has to be seen at Joburg’s Park Lane Clinic. Beale reportedly a shrine for followers and to be doing something. Its climate change has a number of negligence complaints against Baghdadi’s remains were report — Positioning For Resilience In him with questions now being asked about the dumped at sea. Military a Lower-carbon Future — starts with effi ciency of the Health Professions Council of commanders would not an admission of the scale of the climate South Africa (HPCSA), which is tasked with confi rm that Baghdadi was crisis: “The next decade is deemed criti- investigating these claims. The Economic “crying” and “whimpering” cal for emissions reductions to prevent Freedom Fighters have also now stepped in, in the moments before his further natural disasters and ecosystem insisting the HPCSA suspend Beale — the fact death, as claimed by Trump. impacts, and to safeguard the quality of that Sayed is a colleague of Malema’s tobacco life for future generations.” smuggling associate Adriano Mazzotti is of Payback of VBS At the heart of the report is an admis- course a coincidence. plunder under way sion of Sasol’s real problem — its polluting The former chief executive business model cannot exist in a world IS leader blown up, of VBS Mutual bank has where carbon emissions are dramatically buried at sea lost his bid to interdict the seizure of his and become the fi rst to put his hand up for the job reduced. The company notes: “This [10% With the “‘fake news his wife’s assets. Andile Ramavhunga was of interim party leader. The party is facing a reduction] target is challenging for a media” constantly at the helm of the bank from which more Damascus moment after a series of prominent carbon-intensive petrochemicals business spinning new than R2-billion was stolen, with Economic events, including the election of with limited alternative energy sources.” fables about the Freedom Fighters leaders and to the role of federal executive chairperson In the medium term, the company genius in the White repeatedly implicated in the and the subsequent resignation of Mmusi admits it will have to shift “our portfolio House, Donald theft in recent months. Others implicated in Maimane from the party entirely. With some towards operations and businesses that are Trump needed a the large-scale plunder of the bank include sharply divergent political views playing out compatible with a lower-carbon economy”. break. That came in the auditors KPMG, municipal council offi cers in this remnant of “the blue machine”, pundits The Sasol of today cannot exist in the form of the United States Special Forces, and senior bank managers. The money from have been poring over the carcass of the DA. future. But this is a country where dif- whose renown as tracker dogs knows no the sequestration of the bank offi cials will But perhaps the best analysis thus far has fi cult decisions are rarely taken — espe- bounds. Not ones to give up on a bone, they go towards repaying creditors of the now- come from Steenhuisen, who described his cially when it comes to the climate crisis. tracked down Islamic State (IS) leader Abu defunct bank. party as a “big blue wobbling jelly with noth- — Sipho Kings Bakr al-Baghdadi to a compound in northern ing holding it upright”. Allaying fears that the Syria. US authorities say that when Baghdadi Jelly baby DA looking for a spine DA was reverting to an all-white leadership, was cornered, he blew himself up, together Newly elected Democratic Alliance (DA) Natasha Mazzone, she of the dark father, has with two children under the age of 12. The parliamentary leader has been appointed as chief whip.

Published by M&G Media Ltd, SUBSCRIPTIONS Eighth Floor, Metal Box, Inquiries: 011 447 0696 or Right of reply: Lindinkosi Ndibongo 25 Owl Street, Braamfontein SMS “subs” to 34917 Werf, , South Complaints: 0860 070 700 Africa. On April 5 2019 the Mail & Guardian pub- The full version of the press ombud fi nd- Regardless of my rank, I stood fi rm against PO Box 91667, Park, DISTRIBUTION lished an article with the headline “Staff ing can be located at presscouncil.org.za/ what I considered to be the abuse of power 2006. TO SHOPS Website: www.mg.co.za M&G Media Ltd is now back ‘moonlighting’ manager”. The story lindinkosi-ndibongo-vs-mailguardian. by new board members who had insuffi cient responsible for its own concerned the suspension of a senior staff er historical knowledge about the criteria and CONTACT US newspaper distribution. at the Media Development and Diversity Right of reply grant funding cycle in selecting projects for Johannesburg: 011 250 7300 If you can’t find your Agency (MDDA) by the acting chief executive Contrary to what was reported in the Mail & funding. I condemned what I thought were Advertising fax: 011 250 7503 favourite read in the : 021 426 0802 shops, please phone after it was alleged she had embezzled funds. Guardian of April 5 2019, which inferred that the bullying and diktats by members of the Cape Town fax: 021 425 9056 011 447 0696 We reported that the chief executive was then I had left my sickbed to attend a meeting to board, drawing strength from my experience Letters to the editor: confronted by a group of disgruntled manag- defend a staff member, I came back to work and institutional memory. [email protected] Printed by Caxton Printers ers, led by Lindinkosi Ndibongo. on January 9. In the meeting of February 28 Any insinuations that relate to my health (Pty) Ltd, 14 Wright Street, Industria West, 2093 Following a complaint to the press there was no mention of Vuyelwa Mdazana and allegiance to anyone are misrepre- . 010 492 3394 ombud, the M&G would like to apologise [who resigned as the MDDA’s broadcast sentations and devoid of the truth. I never to Ndibongo, a former MDDA manager, for manager and acting projects manager after defended anyone and was resolute in stop- The Mail & Guardian subscribes not allowing him adequate time to respond her suspension in February]. In this respect, ping the persistent bullying by individuals to the South African Press Code, to our questions. The press ombud also the article is malicious, misleading, inac- who had no knowledge of the quality assur- which prescribes news that is instructed the M&G to aff ord Ndibongo a curate, unfair, nonsensical and devoid of the ance process. The bone of contention was truthful, accurate, fair and balanced. further right of reply in respect of certain truth. I am also not a leader nor member of about quality assurance and lack of under- If we don’t live up to the code, aspects of our article. any formation within the MDDA. standing thereof, nothing else. please contact the Press Ombudsman at 011 484 3612/8. Mail & Guardian November 1 to 7 2019 3 News Sex isn’t a problem, bribes are

There’s a good reason the ANC has not reacted to the minerals and energy minister’s offer to pay journalists to kill a story — surviving faction fights in the ruling party

NEWS ANALYSIS After two days of silence, ANC Mr Delivery: (left) is a powerful weapon in President ’s political armoury, Photo: Gianluigi Guercia/AFP Paddy Harper spokesperson Pule Mabe said on one he will probably need at the ANC’s national general council meeting next year. Tuesday that the party “welcomed” he ANC and the presi- the statement by Mantashe that he Mantashe, who is the ANC national ourselves”. Mileham has laid a complaint with dency appear unwilling to had not paid the bribe. chairperson, made headlines at the The reticence by the presidency Parliament’s joint committee on act against Minerals and Mabe made no mention of the weekend over claims that he paid to act against Mantashe may be less ethics and members’ interests that TEnergy Minister Gwede implications of Mantashe lying to two Sunday World journalists to kill out of respect for Mantashe’s pri- Mantashe had violated the integrity Mantashe over his claim the newspaper editor in a bid to a story about his involvement in a vacy and more about his relevance to of Parliament, of which he is a mem- that he bribed journalists and his ensure the story did not see the light love triangle with Finance Minister President Cyril Ramaphosa’s aim to ber, by admitting to having bribed subsequent assertion that this claim of day. Instead, he said: “The ANC is Tito Mboweni and a younger complete his term. the journalists. was a lie. heartened by the fact that comrade woman, Lerato Habiba Makgatho. Ramaphosa faces a potential Mantashe was flagged in an ANC Although the ANC’s integrity com- Mantashe has assured the nation Mantashe later recanted the onslaught from his opponents integrity commission report ahead of mittee says it will probably deal with that he was never involved in such bribery claim, with his ministerial in the governing party when its the May general elections, along with the matter, sparked by claims that an unethical and criminal conduct spokesperson saying his statement national general council meeting sits 21 other ANC members who had Mantashe paid two Sunday World with journalists. Bribing journalists “seems to have created an impres- next year. Mantashe, who backed been nominated as part of the party journalists R70 000 to kill a story is not only criminal and unethical, it sion of him being involved in the act Ramaphosa’s bid for the ANC presi- list process. about his sex life, the party appears is also inconsistent with the values of of bribery. Mr Mantashe is clear that dency at Nasrec in December 2017, He had been identified as poten- to be happy with Mantashe’s subse- the ANC.” none of the sort occurred.” will be central to the president’s abil- tially being a source of disrepute for quent version — that he lied to the The presidency has also soft-ped- ANC integrity committee chair- ity to survive any attempt to oust the party over allegations made at newspaper’s editor. alled the matter, with spokesperson person George Mashamba told the him at the mid-term party review. the Zondo inquiry into state capture. The presidency has also refrained Khusela Diko saying in a television Mail & Guardian on Wednesday Allowing Mantashe to be removed A former employee at corruption- from commenting — or acting — on interview on Tuesday that the presi- that the committee, which sits twice — or even suspended — for party or tainted Bosasa said the company the matter, instead saying it was also dent had not made a determination monthly, would “most likely deal government office would weaken had upgraded security at Mantashe’s satisfied with Mantashe’s about-turn on the matter. She said Mantashe with it” when it meets again. Ramaphosa’s position. home in the Eastern Cape. on paying off two journalists, and had recanted the bribe claims and Mashamba said that no complaint Opposition MPs want Mantashe to Mantashe provided the commis- his agreement to co-operate with an had undertaken to co-operate with about Mantashe’s conduct had been resign and have called for an investi- sion with his side of the story and inquiry called for by the South African an inquiry by Sanef, and that the out- lodged with the integrity committee, gation into the bribery claims. was subsequently appointed to National Editors’ Forum (Sanef). come should be awaited. but that the structure “might raise it Democratic Alliance MP Kevin Ramaphosa’s Cabinet. Ties that bind: The Poya and Mantashe family link

Sabelo Skiti (Paterson Grade D2) on a two-year, since left, recalled how Poya initially him in a negative light,” Lancaster fixed-term contract effective from attempted to employ the young Kungoane Attorneys said. The mystery of how a disgraced 15 August 2016 until 14 July 2018. Mantashe as the head of a sales “However, we reserve our client’s civil servant, who is the subject of However, on 16 January 2017 he was department that was to be created. rights to respond thereto at the two criminal investigations related redeployed from his sales manager But he was moved after employees appropriate time and in the appro- to his previous job, landed a cushy post to the position of risk manager raised the fact that a safety regulator priate forum. Our failure to respond board of directors posting at a state- until the expiry of his contract in does not need a sales department. thereto at this stage should not be owned entity has revealed a link July 2018. Both positions were at the Zuko was then appointed senior considered to be an admission of to Minerals and Energy Minister same Paterson grade,” she said. manager responsible for risk, said such allegations, but rather a denial.” Gwede Mantashe. Two people, who used to work at the source. “Everyone was shocked This week the M&G published Last week, the department of the railway regulator, claim that that [Zuko] Mantashe would be an article on its website (“A former mineral resources and energy did Poya, through his powerful posi- brought in for sales,” said the source. CEO who is facing criminal charges not explain why the former Railway tion, pushed for Zuko’s appointment “When that didn’t work we found out has been appointed to the CEF Safety Regulator chief execu- despite the company not needing a that Mantashe was given another board”, October 27) in which two tive officer, Nkululeko Poya, was sales person. contractual position. That’s just how people that Poya had unlawfully appointed to the Central Energy The Mail & Guardian understands things happened there, appoint- surveilled — former railway safety Fund (CEF) board despite numer- that Zuko initially challenged the ments without going through any regulator board member Masindi ous allegations of maladministration regulator’s decision not to renew kind of processes.” Tshamunwe and M&G journalist and corruption, including two crimi- his contract at the Commission Regulated: Nkululeko Poya Williams said that at the time of Athandiwe Saba — questioned how nal investigations. for Conciliation, Mediation and faces allegations of corruption Mantashe’s appointment the safety he could be appointed to the board. A deeper look into his tenure at Arbitration, but abandoned the and maladministration regulator was intent on pursuing a Williams said the railway regulator, the safety regulator has thrown process. consultancy business in the African which also laid a criminal complaint up a possible reason: Mantashe’s This week he laughed when asked be fit and proper, as well as possess continent as part of an alterna- against Poya with the Hawks, was nephew, Zuko Mantashe, was hired whether he thought Poya was being subject matter knowledge or legal, tive revenue strategy. Thus the equally shocked to learn their former as a senior sales manager at the rail- rewarded by his uncle for getting finance or corporate governance sales manager position, which was staff member had been appointed as way safety regulator three years ago. him a job. He asked, “Are you seri- expertise. scrapped from the organogram after a nonexecutive director. His contract was not renewed after ous?”, before declining to comment Abuse of this system is something restructuring earlier this year, would He faced 14 gross misconduct Poya’s departure from the regulator any further. that analysts have long lamented, have been required to drive business charges related to alleged infractions last June and that position no longer As minerals and energy minis- with the appointment of cadres or development. dating back to 2014. These included exist. ter, Gwede Mantashe is the govern- cronies to the boards of state-owned Poya, speaking through his attor- misleading the board on financial This was confirmed by the regu- ment’s shareholder representative to entities — such as SAA, Eskom and ney, this week told the M&G he matters, by ordering the deletion lator’s spokesperson, Madeleine the CEF and has authority to appoint Transnet — cited as a big part of the did not intend discussing matters of purchase orders from the rail- Williams, who said Zuko’s employ- board members, subject to security reason for the poor performance of “regarding the unfounded allega- way regulator’s system; abuse of his ment on a two-year contract fol- vetting, as well as Cabinet and presi- these companies. tions made against him”. corporate expense account; alter- lowed a full recruitment process dential concurrence. Mantashe’s spokesperson, Ayanda “Our client is of the view, ing the scope of commercial agree- that included advertising and panel Although it is widely accepted that Shezi, did not respond to questions which view we support, that the ments and causing millions of rands interviews. ministers have their own prerogative sent to her on Wednesday morning. allegations that you are making in additional costs and abuse of “Mr Mantashe was initially on the appointment of nonexecutive A source who worked at the rail- against him are without merit and authority in relation to unauthorised appointed as manager: sales directors, candidates are expected to way regulator at the time but has are an unfortunate attempt to cast investigations. 4 Mail & Guardian November 1 to 7 2019 News Bid for justice over R1.2bn tender

Government officials have been accused of interferring in the process of selecting and awarding a contract for security services at courts

Sabelo Skiti

n internal forensic investigation into a R1.2-billion security Acontract, to guard court buildings in the country’s 350 magisterial districts, has implicated senior justice depart- Infidelity: Justice department ment officials in tender irregulari- director general Vusi ties. Madonsela (above left) was The investigation — which the not told by chief financial department said was based on a officer Lorraine Rossouw review of tender documents, includ- (left) that his predecessor ing specifications, more than 370 Nonkululeko Sindane (above bids, evaluation of scores and adju- right) had not supported dication — made findings against the cancellation of the initial the chief financial officer, Lorraine tender. Photos: Alet Pretorius/ Rossouw, the supply chain chief Gallo Images & Thapelo director, Sanjay Singh, and the bid Morebudi/The Sunday Times adjudication committee for their conduct in the contract, which was the mandatory requirements listed advertised in November 2015. in the specifications — that bidders The officials are accused of inter- needed to demonstrate a footprint fering in the process to appoint com- in all districts where the department panies to guard the courts and other had offices. This, they said, favoured justice department buildings for those companies already providing three years. services to the department. This interference led to the con- The evaluation team, in their tract being cancelled after the evalu- response to the internal audit sec- ation and adjudication phase, and tion’s concern, reiterated that the then re-advertised in 2016. evaluation process had been fair and The tender was then awarded to equitable, and had recommended Fidelity Security Services, one of that the adjudication committee con- the 332 suppliers disqualified in the tinue with its process. first bid for not meeting manda- This was rejected by the adjudi- tory requirements. Fidelity had not cation committee, which said the included a valid Private Security bid must be cancelled because the Industry Regulatory Authority cer- footprint clause was ambiguous, the tificate in its bid. specifications needed to be reviewed The report found that the depart- drafting of the tender specifications Rossouw, as head of the adjudica- investigators, she stated that she had and the treasury and the auditor gen- ment’s bid adjudication committee, and changed the final specifications. tion committee, about the proposed never seen Sindane’s comments. She eral had to be informed. chaired by Rossouw, overruled the He was also found to have drafted cancellation, but was not answered. said it was the department’s internal The investigators, through inter- bid evaluation committee’s recom- two memorandums — in April and She said she would have written audit section that took issue with the views with the specifications com- mendation to award the contract June 2016 to the department and a memorandum to the evaluation specifications. mittee, learned that the specifica- to two other companies — Bosasa treasury respectively — which said committee if she had supported the The report noted that Singh denied tions, together with the footprint Security and Mabotwane Security — Sindane had not agreed with the cancellation. writing the two memorandums sent clause, had been approved by the and petitioned director general Vusi evaluation committee’s recommen- “We conclude that the two memo- to the treasury and the department, adjudication committee prior to Madonsela to restart the process. dations, but had not wanted to take a randums drafted by Mr Singh and despite his name appearing on both advertising the first tender. None of The petition to Madonsela included decision because she was leaving the signed by the CFO [chief financial documents as being the person to the service providers had raised any two memorandums that falsely department. officer] and director general, which contact for further information. questions or submitted queries per- claimed that the director general’s The new tender was advertised on were submitted to the chief procure- He reiterated his position this taining to specifications and thus, predecessor, Nonkululeko Sindane, August 5 2016 and was awarded to ment officer were misleading as the week, adding that investigators had said the investigators, the concerns also wanted the tender scrapped. Fidelity. former DG [director general] did not not provided him with the full docu- raised by the chairperson of the adju- Crispin Phiri, the department’s The investigators said they could approve any recommendations but ments regarding the tender. “I met dication committee were insufficient spokesperson, confirmed the investi- not rule out the possibility that the rather asked clarity from the chair- with forensic, yes, but I called the grounds to cancel the contract. gation was into the administration of tender was cancelled because of person of the DBAC [department bid meeting off because they did not “The reasons provided by the the supply chain management pro- Fidelity’s disqualification for submit- adjudication committee].” bring the full portfolio of documents. chairperson of the DBAC for not cess and the involvement of depart- ting an old certificate, which they The report noted Sindane’s com- I cannot be expected to recall things recommending for the approval of ment officials in wrongdoings. He later tried to fix by submitting a new ments: “Pls can the chairpersons from years ago with piecemeal docu- the recommendation of the DBEC said if outside parties were involved, one after evaluation of the bids. “The clarify what is not recommended [in] ments, I even wrote to the DG about [department bid evaluation commit- “the matter will be referred to the rel- director of supply chain refused to the response of BEC to the internal this but never got a response.” tee] stating that paragraph 10.1.12 of evant authorities”. accept the new certificate as the bids audit findings or internal audit find- Singh was previously under footprint was ambiguous cannot be He added that the report would be were closed,” they said in the report. ings. Pls clarify.” investigation regarding another justified as it did not disadvantage finalised by the end of the month and Fidelity, through its attorney Piet The report stated that Madonsela 2016 tender — for the supply of any service provider neither gave that the department would have to Bester, said the company had no said he had not seen Sindane’s com- office furniture to the high court the DBEC any challenges when they act on its recommendations. knowledge of the investigation, and ments prior to being shown by in Limpopo. Allegations had sur- concluded the evaluation. Like the The investigation, which recom- had dealt with the issue of trying to investigators. faced that he had altered bid speci- former DG who stated that there mends disciplinary action against submit its certificate late in a submis- Rossouw referred all queries to fications for the R10-million ten- was nothing ambiguous about the the officials, found that the reasons sion to the public protector, “and is Phiri. But, in her response to the der to provide for an advantage footprint,” the investigators’ report given by the adjudication committee unable to comment any further”. The to a -based company, Style said. for cancelling the contract were not Economic Freedom Fighters had last Craft. The report also noted that the min- justifiable, and had been questioned year referred the contract to the pub- He said on Wednesday that he had utes and recordings of the evaluation by Sindane prior to her departure lic protector for investigation after The investigation been exonerated in the 2017 Style and adjudication committees meet- from the department. rumours of irregularity surfaced Craft investigation. ings to discuss the contracts were The report notes that when inside the department. found that the According to the investigators’ not made available to them, despite Rossouw was updating Madonsela During her interview with the reasons given by report, Rossouw had referred the numerous requests, and this had lim- about the contract she appeared to investigators in May this year, security tender to the department’s ited insight into what happened dur- have misled him by not informing Sindane said she never supported the adjudication internal audit section, to provide ing deliberations. him of Sindane’s concerns. the view that the tender be scrapped, committee for assurance that the process followed Singh said this week that the phe- The report found that Singh, who because she saw nothing wrong with cancelling the contract thus far was fair. nomenon of documents going miss- was also a member of the adjudica- the specifications. In its response the internal audit ing was becoming the norm in the tion committee, had interfered in the She had sought clarity from were not justifiable section had taken issue with one of department. Mail & Guardian November 1 to 7 2019 5 News

SLICE OF LIFE ‘South Africans beat us, burn us’

There was a xenophobic attack in Delft, some of my brothers’ places where they worked were burnt down. We’ve been abused so many times since our childhood until now as grown-ups by South Africans — beating us, burning us with tyres, chasing us. South Africans are not scared to tell us that even the president doesn’t want us here; that we should go back to where we belong. We are not happy to be here because none of them [South Africans] want us in this country. It’s been so many years that we’ve been tolerating this and that’s why we had to stand together and planned to go the UN offi ce in town to show them we really need help, because President [Cyril] Ramaphosa is doing nothing. Since being here we’ve not been allowed to use the toilets around the UN offi ces. We’ve had to go back down to the train station to use the toilets there. We’ve been getting clean water from some of the hotels nearby for the kids to drink. There are so many kids here. Even some newborns [are] sleeping on the fl oor. Some are getting sick, vomiting, getting diarrhoea; it’s so cold. We have been threatened by some South Africans, who came in and started fi ghting, shouting at us that we were blocking the way and that we should go home. The police have also told us to leave because it’s a busy offi ce area. All we want is to go to another country where we’re going to be safe with our families, our children. Just anywhere safe, but not South Africa.” — As told to David Harrison by Sherizadi Niyonzima, 22, who with her 18-month-old daughter and hundreds of other refugees, had been sitting outside the United Nations High Commission for Refugees offi ce in St George’s Mall in Cape Town for more than a week, until they were forcibly removed by the police on Wednesday. Photo: David Harrison Cape Town police and refugee leaders 23766 come in for criticism

Lester Kiewit there was hysteria. Later we had to fi gure out how do we reunite moth- LESS The police have been condemned ers and children.” for the way they enforced a court But the police said they believe order to remove people from the they acted within the letter of the offices of the United Nations High law. Western Cape spokesperson, BANKING. Commission for Refugees (UNHCR) Novela Potelwa, said: “We recognise in Cape Town. and respect the rights of all human On Wednesday, police approached beings. And if anyone has found to the Waldorf Arcade building to evict have contravened that, people are MORE hundreds of refugees. They had free to open complaints. Or they can been camped on the ground floor go to the Human Rights Commission of the building for three weeks — or Independent Police Investigative demanding that the UN send them Directorate.” CONVENIENT to another country because they said Some refugee and migrant rights South Africa is unsafe. groups believe people aff ected have In forcefully removing the refu- been given false hope by protest WAYS gees, police went as far as yanking a leaders. child from her mother’s arms. Patrick Matenga, a member of the Refugee group leader Papisse Western Cape Refugee and Migrant TO INVEST. Sukami said the police action proved forum, said people had been told the the South African state perpetuates UNHCR was off ering resettlement. the violence and threats experienced Matenga said people were prom- If you are 55 years or over, then making sure you have the perfect by migrants in the country. “We are ised they would be moved to coun- nest egg for your golden years has just become even easier. no longer safe in South Africa. We’ve tries such as Canada, Australia, and been living here for a long time. But Europe. “We heard that people were Open a 12-month Nedbank Electronic OptimumPlus now it’s like South Africans want to told that the UNHCR was taking investment account and get the following: clean their country. That’s why we people’s names for resettlement. The want the UN to move us out.” UNHCR knew nothing about that. • Up to 7,65% interest when you open your account digitally. The group of between 200 and So refugees were traumatised by the • Security of a risk-free account with guaranteed capital. 300 migrants are now being housed same people who were leading them. • Access to your funds in 12 months, with no hassles. at Greenmarket Square Methodist They were misled.” Church, in the heart of Cape Town’s The UNHCR in a statement said it tourist centre. was continuing to engage refugees Open your investment account anytime, anywhere, The church’s peace and justice and asylum seekers with the assis- on the Nedbank Money app or nedbank.co.za. monitor, Reverend Annie Kirke, wit- tance of the South African govern- nessed the police action and said the ment: “UNHCR has been engaging refugees are justifi ed in their anger with the refugees and asylum-seek- at South Africans. “We should be ers since the onset of the protests, devastated by what we saw. We can’t encouraging them to participate see money differently sit back and say that was just the law in constructive dialogue to address being enforced. We saw children their grievances and fi nd a peaceful Terms and conditions apply. | Nedbank Ltd Reg No 1951/000009/06. Authorised financial services and registered credit provider (NCRCP16). being ripped from their mothers, resolution to the situation.” 6 Mail & Guardian November 1 to 7 2019 The good news: Our stories about the people making South Africa better

Tech-savvy: Dick Solomons teaches computer skills at the Westbury Youth Centre Emotional labour: Martin Bouwers, who teaches at the centre, says the work takes a toll A space to grow for Westbury youth

The volatile Jo’burg And I said to myself: ‘How am I going to do this?’ And when I was done suburb’s youth centre writing the test, the facilitator came provides respite back to me and he said, ‘You passed.’ I said: ‘What do you mean I passed? from the harsh Are you kidding me? No, do it over.’ realities of crime, And he marked it again, like three or four times,” Koopman recalls. gang-related violence “He said: ‘But you passed. I don’t know why you want me to do it over.’ and unemployment And I said: ‘It’s because I don’t believe it.’ And so many come to the centre Sarah Smit and they don’t know how to read and write … So now I get to help them.” ick Solomons can’t sit But Koopman admits the work still — every now and can be tough, saying there have then he has to stop him- been plenty of moments that have Dself from swivelling a full shaken her. “I remember one young 360° in his office chair girl walked into my office and she as he talks. said: ‘I need help. Because I am being “My relationship with comput- abused, I am being raped. And I don’t ers started way, way, way back,” know what to do’”. Solomons, who has been teaching “When you look at a young per- computer skills at the Westbury son that feels that way, you’re taken Youth Centre for almost five years, aback. This is happening under our says eagerly. noses.” On Friday morning, the usually Martin Bouwers — who teaches packed computer room at the centre photography, videography, creative has been hollowed out. The sounds of Hard at work: A matric learner writing and baking — says hearing the sports day at the nearby primary at the centre (above) and Venita what members of the community are school float through the centre’s Koopman (left), the advice and going through can become too much empty halls, puncturing the balmy referral officer. She was once for him. silence. helped by the centre herself, Sitting in the centre’s photography “When I was twelve, our neighbour and is now intent on giving studio, its imposing black-painted used to fix TVs, computers, radios, back. Photos: Delwyn Verasamy walls threatening to swallow him all those things. I was just going next whole, Bouwers says that at the door every day. Playing around and people that there is “still good in this beginning of the year he had to take a stuff. And we started fixing comput- world”. step back “to fill my cup”. ers, looking for different parts. We’d As the centre’s advice and referral He buries his face in his hands as first break them and then fix them — officer, Koopman is often the first he recounts the toll his work at the that’s just what we did,” he says. person people meet when they’re centre took on his mental health, a Solomons says he chose to teach at seeking help. In the corner of her state that had repercussions at home. the centre because: “This is where I office is a table covered with pam- Bouwers was born in Westbury, but am from.” phlets that provide information left when he was five when his fam- Last year, Westbury, on the edge of about drug abuse, safe sex and men- ily home burned down. He returned Sophiatown in Johannesburg, made tal health. in 2014 after spending two years in headlines when the shooting of local “Different people get to come into prison. mother Heather Peterson sparked “There is much more to Westbury employed Gauteng residents, which my office. Sometimes it’s just young He has only vague memories of the a week-long shutdown. Weary resi- than violence,” Solomons says, lean- at the time was 50%. people who just need to vent. Or Westbury of his childhood. But he dents took to the streets to protest ing forward. But locals say the country’s deepen- they just want me to sit and listen to heard plenty of grim stories about the against gang-related violence, which “There is so many good things in ing unemployment crisis — the most their story,” Koopman says. Her gold suburb when he was away. has plagued the suburb for years. this place that will never be recorded recent statistics say 40.4% of young bracelets rattle when she speaks. “Coming back to Westbury now, Special police units were dispatched … Us, our stories have never been people are unemployed — has hit “And I get to help them … And that I got the shock of my life. Because I to tackle the violence, with residents told … People just run here as soon as Westbury hard, a fact that they say is why I feel like I’m at home here.” heard all these things. But then there saying things have improved, for somebody has been shot. That is the has contributed to the bouts of crime The 28-year-old relates to the young are people here. You know, I think now. But they are waiting for the next story they want to tell.” in the area. people who visit her in her office, the story was never told properly … I outbreak. Solomons says positive spaces such According to police crime statistics, because she was once in their posi- think the people are the most impor- Amid the fits of violence, the as the youth centre are important the Sophiatown policing precinct, in tion — struggling to find her place tant. And that is what we should be Westbury Youth Centre, founded in because they help people “grow”. “I which Westbury falls, dealt with 5 389 in the world and eventually turning focusing on,” he says. 2012, has offered many in the com- might not have a job for you, but I can reported crimes in 2018-2019. That is to the centre for help. “It helped me. Bouwers cherishes the connections munity some respite. help develop you. I can help encour- 1 828 more crimes than were reported And if it helped me, why would I not he has made with the people who The centre is situated on the aban- age you to think outside of the box. So to nearby Brixton police station. want to give that back?” Koopman come through the centre. doned bottom floor of the old boys that you don’t become just another Robbery with aggravating circum- says, leaning back on the plush pur- “Because I have known some of section of the Westbury Secondary number,” he says. stances, home burglary, common ple couch in her office. them for a long time, you know. And School hostel. It aims to equip young According to the 2011 census, only assault and assault with the intent to When Koopman first came to the they are different when they come people with a range of skills — includ- 46% of residents from Westbury inflict grievous bodily harm were the centre, she had trouble reading and here,” he says. ing photography, music production, and its surrounding areas, includ- most prevalent reported crimes in writing. “There was just a lot going “It’s not because of me. It’s just baking, IT, theatre and gardening ing Coronationville, Westdene and Westbury. on,” she says. because of the space that allows us — in the hopes of tackling rampant Brixton, were employed, slightly Venita Koopman says her work at “And then I came here and I did the to say: ‘Just be you.’ And for me that’s unemployment in the area. lower than the average percentage of the centre is aimed at showing young computer class and we wrote a test. magic.” Mail & Guardian November 1 to 7 2019 7 The good news Divided appeal court is healing

Working at the This is where discord arises. “Not only does the senior judge have to Supreme Court of contend with their own judgments, Appeal was so ‘bad’ that they themselves must write, they must take responsibility for the that people would get work of the junior judges and dur- sick. That has changed, ing a very short space of time. And I think it would test even the best of thanks to honest us,” she says. It’s hard enough to manage when conversations and those coming up through the ranks workshops on diversity have had similar histories — Molefi talks of “affi nity bias”, where a per- and inclusion son sees themselves in someone else. It is harder when histories, race, gen- Franny Rabkin der and professional experiences dif- fer as radically as they do in the judi- ou cannot address a ciary today. problem if you don’t Judges must acknowledge the talk about it, said country’s history, that women and YSupreme Court of black people were were excluded Appeal president Man- from meaningful work, says Maya. disa Maya back in 2017. It was a “If we are committed to transform- simple explanation for why she had ing the judiciary, we must acknowl- decided to, very publicly and with edge that we are not similarly expe- jaw-dropping candour, expose the rienced and skilled and help one seething tensions between the appeal another in the execution of our judi- court’s judges. Addressing change: Diversity and inclusion expert Nene Molefi (above) and Supreme Court of Appeal cial functions. But those who need It is the same explanation she gives president Mandisa Maya (below) have worked to bring collegiality back to the court. Photo: Delwyn Verasamy help must also acknowledge their today for how much things have lack of experience, be willing to learn changed at the court. the beginning of each day, which is of South Africans, that needed to judges, we all serve the constitution, and work hard and accept the help In the 2017 interviews for what they would tell you previously; change, and change fast. no one is anyone’s boss”, says Maya. graciously.” Constitutional Court judges by the that coming back to Bloemfontein, The JSC, which appoints judges, Law is highly competitive and “Diversity is an asset, but it also Judicial Service Commission (JSC), people would get sick. They got sick, has spent its whole institutional life individualised, particularly at the brings complexities and tensions. It Maya revealed it was only after a I mean, literally. So it was that bad. fending off criticism about the pace Bar, where advocates are essentially always does,” says Molefi . But in the diversity workshop earlier that year And you don’t hear any of that now.” at which it has addressed transfor- one-person businesses selling their long run, research has shown, over that black and white judges sat Diversity and inclusion, sensitivity mation — too fast for some and too knowledge and skill in direct com- and over again, that diverse organi- together in the tea room. training, transformation and change slow for others. petition with each other. If you are sations perform better. Some judges, she said, felt that management are some of the names There are also less obvious fac- treated badly by seniors, judges or Much of the work she does involves others did not deserve to be at the for a growing industry as South tors that make change diffi- opponents, you must suck it up. You “surfacing unconscious bias”. She appeal court. Africa comes to terms with how hard cult. The practice of law is must prove yourself. “The Bar is not gives an example of an international The issue dominated that round of it is to shed its history. hierarchical. Even in the for sissies,” they say. case study, where a legal opinion of a interviews. A year later, it continued “In 1994 what we did was we simple act of greeting a There are also unique circum- candidate attorney is sent to 60 part- to dominate. After some hawkish plastered the cracks, we put presiding judge before stances at the appeal court. “We sit ners at a law firm. Thirty of them questions by the chief justice, the “Top plaster, we put paint. Now a hearing, the most sen- in panels in the court,” says Maya. were told that the candidate attor- Six” emerged as the villains of the the paint is wearing off,” ior advocate must walk in “Imagine if you are not on speaking ney was African-American and the story — although it was never clear says Molefi . South Africans first, followed by the next, terms, how is that going to work? other 30 were told that he was white. who the “Top Six” actually were. They are having to “go back, hav- and the next. And you carry that negativity into Those who thought it was written were not the six most senior appellate ing to undo that. It feels Similarly, when judges the courtroom. So it is vital that by the African-American candidate justices as the name implied. like a lot of work, but I walk into court, they do so we get along, because we work in attorney made comments such as: Looking back, the revelations think it’s work we should in order of seniority. It teams.” “I can’t believe he comes from New were carefully and astutely man- have done then.” was quite a revolution- The Supreme Court of Appeal, York University” and “average at aged. No one was publicly named The legal profession ary act when the late where the “nuts and bolts” of the law best”. Those who thought he was a and shamed, enabling the judges — and the judici- chief justice, Arthur is most often fi nally determined, is white male said “he needs work here to, in a private and safer space, ary it feeds into Chaskalson, did away one of the most pressurised courts and there” and “if he could touch come to terms with each other and — has struggled to with that tradition to work in. Over the years, the work- up”. Their scores were very diff erent, themselves. transform. In at the Constitutional load has increased but the number she says. Maya attributes the change to a 1994 the num- Court, but it lives on of judges has not. At the end of every Everyone has biases, she says. number of factors: honest conver- ber of black and at the appeal court. term, all the appeals are finalised A crucial part — and the most dif- sation, a “sterling eff ort” by her col- women judges Yet, at the same and judgments are delivered. “That fi cult — is looking inward to one’s leagues and a couple of diversity and could be counted time, once you creates tremendous pressure, espe- own. “Especially them, they are inclusion workshops run by Nene on a single hand. are a judge cially on the senior presiding judges judges, they are presiding over cases. Molefi — whose “book should be our In order to build a on an appel- who have to take ultimate responsi- Imagine if you preside over a case bible”, says Maya. judiciary that was late court bility for the quality of the work that and you haven’t worked through “They don’t dread going to work at legitimate in the eyes “we are all goes out,” says Maya. your unconscious bias.”

Resea Annual rched & Dev Disability Conference & Opportunity Expo eloped By : Date: 28 & 29 November 2019 Venue: Indaba Hotel, Fourways, Johannesburg Confirmed Speaker Faculty

Dr Jeremiah Gule Adv Bokankatla Joseph Malatji Tamara Mathebula CEO : INSTITUTE OF PEOPLE Commissioner Chairperson MANAGEMENT SOUTH AFRICAN HUMAN COMMISSION FOR GENDER Chairperson SOUTH AFRICAN RIGHTS COMMISSION EQUALITY EMPLOYERS FOR DISABILITY

For more information contact Amrita: +27 (0) 11 326 2501 or email [email protected] 8 Mail & Guardian November 1 to 7 2019 The good news Proceeds of corruption, economic crime, fraud and other crimes recovered by the Asset Forfeiture Unit NPA recovers Number of cases and value of assets seized between 2014 and 2019 Corruption R4.47-billion matters (recovered from 107 cases) R11.8bn Economic R2.77-billion recovered in total since 2014 nearly crime (833 cases) R2.26-billion Fraud (403 cases) The four biggest categories Partial Cash R221.06-million Annual number of cases and value of assets seized year smuggling (36 cases) R12-billion Largest annual total of recovered assets Drug-related R52.6-million 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 matters (1 328 cases) In the past year alone, the Asset Forfeiture Unit Corruption 19 cases 22 14 20 25 7 Environmental R34.85-million matters R1.49bn R58.56m R74.41m R665 418 R2.85bn R1.24m has recovered money and assets gained through crime corruption-related crimes. The M&G Data Desk (247 cases) Economic 203 cases 148 126 163 129 64 R15.11-million crime R179.2m R346.4m R79.78m R180.5m R1.97bn R15.9m digs into who has been targeted and where the Cyber crime (35 cases) Fraud 118 cases 59 39 90 71 26 billions have been found R34.57m R130.8m R61.34m R81.7m R1.95bn R10.09m Counterfeit R476 147 Cash 2 cases 166 17 4 goods (15 cases) ore than R11.8-bil- datadesk smuggling R2.04m R981 380 R4.8m R79.17m R124.73m R9.34m lion has been recov- Datadesk, the M&G centre for data ered in the past five journalism, produced this story Some numbers have been rounded o Graphic: JOHN McCANN Compiled by: M&G DATADESK Data source: AFU Myears from the pro- ceeds of corruption, money laundering, cyber and envi- Though it may seem that the unit tors — giving the impression that the ered in the past fi ve years — in the to the state.” ronmental crimes by the Asset For- is battling to crack the Gupta money country might never see a cent from 2017-18 financial year it recovered In 2016, the Bobroffs fled South feiture Unit (AFU) of the National trail, there is a lot of money — and the monies looted from state coff ers just R665 418. Africa for Australia when the scandal Prosecuting Authority (NPA). assets — being recovered from other by the family, and its companies. Gumede’s case falls in this cate- broke that they — as personal injury Big names have been targeted, perpetrators. But other criminals have not got gory. She faces charges regarding her lawyers — had allegedly fl eeced cli- such as the Bobroff father and son — Last week, the Mail & Guardian away as easily. In the past fi nancial alleged involvement in corruption ents who were claiming from the who fl ed to Australia — the Trifecta reported that assets owned by the year alone, the forfeiture unit has relating to the awarding of a R208- Road Accident Fund. The Bobroffs group of companies and recently the Gupta family were being sold by busi- recovered more than R2.8-billion in million tender for Durban’s solid were accused of infl ating their legal former eThekwini mayor Zandile ness rescue practitioners. The state corruption-related crimes. This is the waste department, and her home fees and, a day before they were Gumede, whose home was raided. was, however, not part of the credi- highest amount the unit has recov- was raided last month. meant to appear before the court on Homes of the former mayor’s co- charges of money laundering and accused in the case were included in fraud, they fl ed the country. the 10 properties raided and assets But the arm of the National such as luxury cars and cash were Prosecuting Authority (NPA) is seized to the value of about R51- long — in August the unit obtained million, according to the Sowetan. an order in the Pretoria high court The unit’s spokesperson, Bulelwa against the bank accounts in Israel Makeke, told the M&G that another held in the names of Ronald and case of corruption saw the unit Darren Bobroff . recovering R6.6-million in Nelson In the past fi ve years, the AFU has Mandela Bay. “In the recovered more R2.2-billion from court dismissed an interdict appli- fraud-related crimes with the pre- cation by Andrea Wessels to stop vious fi nancial year being it’s most the auction of property worth over successful, where R1.9-billion was R3.7-million, for which the AFU had recovered. attained a preservation order.” Meanwhile, in 2017, the NPA — in Makeke said this case is part of collaboration with the Hawks, the the unit’s attempt to recover funds Financial Intelligence Centre, the that were looted from the Integrated South African Reserve Bank, and Public Transport System — the city’s the South African Revenue Service rapid bus transport system. In court, — began working together to tackle the state said that the money bought illicit fi nancial fl ows. the R3.7-million home, among other Makeke told the M&G that the NPA things. has to date fi nalised 45 cases through The M&G Data Desk analysed fi ve prosecution, and secured convictions years’ worth of forfeiture unit sei- in 43 cases. zure and recovery data, focusing on In one of the cases, two men were 10 specifi c crimes, including fraud, sentenced to a fi ne of R100 000 or cash smuggling, human traffi cking, two years behind bars for trying to counterfeit fraud, and drug-related move money out of the country. off ences. Makeke said: “The state alleged The data shows that the unit has that the accused intended to take also made significant progress in money in excess of R100 000 out of recovering funds in economic crime the country. They were found with cases — nearly R2-billion was recov- $4 080 190 and R22 075 500 in their ered last year, in 129 cases. The pre- possession on their way to Dubai. vious year only R180-million was The R78-million seized was declared recovered. forfeited to the state.” Another case fi nalised recently is In another case, an accused was that of the Trifecta group of com- travelling to Mauritius when law panies, which was handed govern- enforcement officials intercepted ment lease contracts by former ANC luggage containing undeclared cash. Northern Cape provincial chairman The accused had a bag full of money John Block. to the tune of nearly R7-million in The politician was accused of using dollars and rands. The forfeiture his position to facilitate deals for the unit obtained a forfeiture order with chief executive officer of Trifecta, regard to the seized money. Christo Scholtz. Both were sentenced The unit is hoping to recover bil- to 15 years behind bars in 2016, after lions more in this fi nancial year. being found guilty of corruption In response to parliamentary and money laundering. The case to questions last month, Ronald recover monies paid to the Trifecta Lamola, the minister of justice and group then went into overdrive. constitutional development, said The unit’s spokesperson, Makeke, the unit recovered more than R115- said: “In September, Justice Tshiqi million in crimes relating to the at the Supreme Court of Appeal Prevention of Organised Crime Act upheld the NPA’s Asset Forfeiture in two months this year alone and Unit confi scation of R59.8-million was currently working on 319 cases, of the Trifecta group of companies valued at R28.9-billion. Mail & Guardian November 1 to 7 2019 9 The good news

Food wastage Garden feeds the inner city not determined by income

Hunger is widespread Suzan Oelofse, from the Council for Scientifi c and Industrial in South Africa and Research, says that to feed the malnutrition affects Earth’s population by 2050, food production must increase 70%. children’s growth. But, more concerning, she Refiloe Molefe is doing says, is the fact that our food production systems are unsus- her bit to change this tainable. “If we produce 70% more food, we’re going to waste with her food bank signifi cantly more as well,” she says, adding that estimates are Jacques Coetzee that about a third of food pro- duction is wasted globally. efiloe Molefe talks as Oelofse — who focuses on she plucks out the weeds integrated waste management from her garden. “The — says that one of the reasons Rnyaope boys from under for the high cost of food prices is the bridge don’t want ineffi cient supply chains. to work too much,” she says. “If you “During the entire supply let them work for longer than a day chain, there’s a lot of wastage. they think it’s punishment and they And because it’s a business, become angry. We try to build them those costs get factored into up and get them away from the the total price of the food that street.” gets put on the market,” she She sits with her floral dress on says. “All the food that’s wasted the dark soil. “You know it’s only a means that all the input mate- weed when you don’t want it there,” rial that was used to produce she says, as she cleans one of the gar- that food is then wasted. We sit den’s beds. “That’s the only defi ni- in a water-scarce country and tion of a weed. The plants that you Green fingers: Refiloe Molefe quite a signifi cant portion of our don’t want there.” manages Bertram’s Inner- water is used for irrigated agri- Anyone, from homeless people City Farm in Jo’burg, which culture. So we are actually wast- to students, can work in the garden provides food for more than ing a lot of water as well.” in exchange for a cooked meal and a hundred children, as well A study by Oelofse in 2016 gardening experience. Molefe runs as homeless people. Anyone estimated that food waste a vegetable garden, or food bank, a can do a day’s gardening in amounts to about 8kg and 12kg project that was born when the City exchange for a cooked meal. per person a year in Ekurhuleni of Johannesburg donated an aban- Photos: Delwyn Verasamy and Johannesburg, respectively. doned bowling green to develop into She noted that even though this a communal garden. more than a hundred children, as higher than the average of 6kg The garden, which is known as well as some homeless people. per person a year for sub-Saha- Bertram’s Inner-City Farm, has won A report by the United Nations ran Africa, it is far lower than numerous award, including the Children’s Fund in October titled, the 95kg in Europe. Mma-Tshepo Khumbane award. The State of the World’s Children “We initially thought that we’d In 2007, Bambanani Food and 2019: Children, Food and Nutrition, see more wastage in higher- Herb was registered as a co- found that 200-million children income households and less operative between Molefe, Amon under the age of five are either in lower-income households,” Maluleke and Maria Maseko, who undernourished or overweight. It Oelofse says. “But our research also assist at the plot. added that a third of children glob- actually indicated that there is Every day, just a couple of blocks she’d receive a handout for the chil- “Here we plant marigolds. We use ally are not fed food that nurtures no statistically signifi cant diff er- away from the Ellis Park rugby sta- dren. “You know we love handouts,” them to repel the insects. And the proper development. ence between low-, middle- and dium, Molefe busies herself in her she says, jokingly. “There were no fl owers — the insects get attracted “Millions of children are eating too high-income households.” garden. Mamma Molefe, as she’s handouts, but there was land.” to the flowers and then they leave little of what they need, and millions Oelofse does, however, add known in the community, grows eve- One of the city’s Rea Vaya bus our veggies alone and sit on the are eating too much of what they that in poorer households, the rything from spinach to green beans stations is in front of the property, marigolds.” don’t need: poor diets are now the research found there is more and carrots. She also makes juices which means the street is bustling Before becoming a gardener and main risk factor for the global bur- fresh food being wasted; in the and sells her produce. Awards and most of the time. The Carlton Centre entrepreneur, Molefe worked as a den of disease,” the report stated. higher income households it’s sponsors have helped to develop the looms in the background. nurse. “I saw a need in my commu- Molefe says that when she started, mainly precooked meals that plot, including a greenhouse from But inside there’s a sense of calm. nity,” she says. “There are a lot of the meals she gave children mostly are wasted. “It is quite often Nestlé and an irrigation system from A pair of hadedas patrol through the orphans and underprivileged kids consisted of bread — until she real- the way people treat food that JoJo Tanks. garden beds, pecking as they go. who can’t go to school and crèches ised that bread alone is not really results in wastage, and not their In 2006, Molefe approached the The entire garden is an ecosystem, because their parents cannot aff ord food. “They don’t want to cook … income level,” Oelofse says. — City of Johannesburg’s department Molefe explains. There are no pesti- them.” They only want to eat from restau- Jacques Coetzee of social development, thinking cides, or growth chemicals. Molefe says that her garden feeds rants, which is unhealthy,” she says.

Discussion include & Bears -The Impact of ‘Net Value’ and JSE Listing Requirements - B-BBEE Reporting

DATE: Friday, 22nd November 2019 TIME: 8.30 am to 12 pm VENUE: The Maslow Hotel, Rivonia Road & Grayston Drive, Sandton FEE: R1,350.00 excluding VAT or R8,650.00 preferential rate for 1 table of 8 delegates

For queries or group booking email [email protected] or visit https://tfmmagazine.co.za/events/ 10 Mail & Guardian November 1 to 7 2019 The good news The pride in African languages

Whether in comic books, novels or academic work, African languages are increasingly becoming the norm. Athandiwe Saba takes a look at different projects that are getting more local languages into print The doctor who got her Phd in Setswana

he work of prolific and well- ation, for repatriation is so impor- known African authors tant. We are taking them out from Tsuch as Sol Plaatje must be the colonial era into the postcolo- decolonised. nial era,” she notes. Eileen Elizabeth Pooe, a lecturer Pooe believes her work is vital at North-West University, postu- to how Africans see themselves in lates that simple translation from their languages and this could be English into an African language a step to getting the nation to read does not suffice. Instead, these more. works must be reimagined and transcreated. Five things about Eileen Pooe has made history at her uni- Favourite food when she was versity. Last month, she was con- writing her thesis: My husband ferred the first doctor of philoso- prepared a protein sandwich for phy in languages and literature, in me every morning with avo, eggs, Setswana. Her thesis was written in sardines, cheese, and coffee. It was her home language. only on Wednesdays that I would Her parents, siblings, husband eat traditional soft mabela porridge. and in-laws all ended up being How many books do you think involved in education of some sort. you read during the course? I am Education seemed locked into her not sure … possibly more than 100, being. But her love for her language, Puo ya pelo: Eileen Elizabeth Pooe comes from a family of educators, which would include small articles Setswana, has set her apart. but her love for her mother tongue sets her apart that appeared in newspapers about She says: “This culture of South why mother-tongue education is Africans not being a reading nation parents were teachers. Her father that was written by a Motswana, best, African renaissance begins is a notion that I do not agree with. started what is today called as about Batswana — but in English, with languages and [such topics]. Once you write our stories in our Motsweding — a mainly Setswana a language that the people who Such articles were nutritious for my African languages — in a way that radio station. “I remember I used to he was writing about could not mind. addresses our concerns and chal- say, ‘I don’t want to go into teach- read. Favourite downtime activity? I lenges in our daily lives — I am ing, I want to be a nurse.’ And they She adds that the novel should be love my garden — both vegetable telling you [that] people will put looked at me and said the choice transcreated and not simply tran- and flowers. I eat from my garden money aside and buy books.” was mine. But a few years later scribed from English to Setswana, and have fresh flowers from it. But I She is referring to books such as I ended up emulating them and taking it out of the colonial English have also become quite the addict of Comics for the continent: Mhudi by Sol Plaatje. Published became a teacher.” language into the language of the Skeem Saam and Isidingo. Collector’s editions of ‘Kwezi’, in 1930, it was the first novel by a Pooe’s thesis, which she believes author. Favourite fiction: I had no time to created by artist Loyiso Mkhize black African to be published in is an ode to her work over decades “Instead of simply transcribing read fiction. I only read newspapers English. in education, was written entirely the work, how about we contextual- during the weekend. But now I have Pooe’s thesis, which has brought in Setswana and titled “Taoto ya ise the settings, the idea, the mind lots of fiction books I need to get to her into the limelight, is the Phetsolelo ya Mhudi ka Sol T Plaatje of the author when he was writ- reading. first-ever Setswana PhD in the mo Setswaneng jaaka mmusetsa- ing this in an English text being an Favourite holiday destination: A truly department of Setswana’s 39-year gae wa dikwalo tsa Maaforika tsa African,” she says. Victoria Falls is the most beau- history. Seesimane.” “I focused on how we could cre- tiful place I know. I have been Pooe sees herself as a “Rustenburg Pooe tells the Mail & Guardian ate the text afresh, as if it originated there twice and I would love to go girl” who grew up in Phokeng. Her that Mhudi is an example of a novel from that language. Hence transcre- again. African ‘Children superhero

ext year marks six years should since the country was Nswept up by the home- grown comic book Kwezi. According to the author, Loyiso own 100 Mkize, the books will be moving to the next level. “I can’t say much about it but all roads lead to 2020. We are moving into the next natural books’ progression of the book, which is ani- mation,” he says. The artist tells the Mail & ook Dash is an innovative Guardian that they are also on the way to get 10 children’s verge of publishing the best-sell- Bbooks written, illustrated ing comics in all the official South and finished in just 12-hours African languages. For now, they — and then translated into all South Write it and they will read: Two of the more than 128 books created by Book Dash volunteers. Most of the are published in isiXhosa, isiZulu, Africa’s languages, ensuring that by books are translated into all of South Africa’s languages and are free to download from the project’s website Setswana and Sesotho. next year, one million books are in “We decided to look at the more children’s hands. children in South Africa and, obvi- books. Because the structure of the Many of the books are also trans- practical steps of the literacy level of The project brings together volun- ously, in mother-tongue languages initiative is volunteer-based, at least lated and are free to download from Africa and where the disparities lie in teers who are professionals in the as well.” 80% of the costs of creating a book Book Dash’s website. the translation of material and infor- publishing space — including illus- Research has shown that the pres- are shaved off the price. Norrish says: “Our overarching mation. We have to produce mate- trators and writers — and puts them ence of books in the home has a sig- As a result, each book costs vision is for every child to own a rial that integrates information in under one roof for 12 hours to create nificant effect on propelling a child between R10 and R20. hundred books by the age of five, all languages and not only Isilungu beautiful African children’s books. into education, so Book Dash wants Book Dash is aiming to get people which people think sounds expen- [English] because it is expedient,” The initiative’s Julia Norrish says: to ensure that more children have who have the money to buy a bunch sive but that’s only because we think Mkize says. “I am from a small town, “The founders have all been in the books in their homes. of books to do so — and then donate of books costing a hundred bucks to eGcuwa, in the Eastern Cape, which publishing industry and they were Norrish also notes that it’s very them. R200 each. If we can think of books predominantly speaks isiXhosa. really frustrated by the fact that the difficult to change reader behaviour To date, Book Dash has created costing R10 each, then R1 000 a child With the world moving at such a fast traditional, market-driven publish- by dictating that parents should 128 original titles, and it has printed over five years is not excessive at all. pace, I don’t want who we are and ing models couldn’t provide high- read more to their children, when and distributed 660 000 books to And that’s the model that is genu- our culture and languages to fall by quality and affordable books for all the same parents can’t afford to buy children. inely possible.” the wayside.” Mail & Guardian November 1 to 7 2019 11 The good news Durban on the up after purge

It began with reinstating the finance committee and cameras in the mayor’s parlour, and targeting bent business forums

Paddy Harper the 2017 national conference. Her faction was defeated by the sitting provincial executive he CCTV cameras in the mayor’s par- committee at last year’s KwaZulu-Natal provin- lour on the second floor of Durban’s cial conference, but is still trying to take control city hall, disabled during Zandile of several regions. TGumede’s chaotic tenure as first citi- Kaunda said: “The conference will have noth- zen, have been turned back on. ing to do with city hall. The regional conference Rebuild: The new mayor of Durban, , is having to undo the damage done Word around city hall has it that the cam- will come and go. You will still find us here.” under the previous incumbent, . Photo: Mbuyiselo Ndlovu eras went down in 2016 — at about the time the R208-million waste disposal tender, over which Gumede was arrested in May, was being put CELEBRATING together. 15.180 FL | DROPSIDES | VOLUME VANS | TOW TRUCKS It’s not clear whether the cameras were switched back on by former deputy mayor Fawzia Peer, during her stint as interim mayor when Gumede was suspended because of her 2 arrest, or by her successor, Mxolisi Kaunda. MORE CARE YEARS in SA Kaunda was appointed mayor by the govern- 5 ing party last month, after it recalled its con- BUILT in SA tingents to the Durban and Pietermaritzburg municipalities over poor performance and polit- ical infighting in both cities. LESS COST If it was Kaunda who returned electronic scru- tiny to the parlour, he wasn’t saying so this week during an interview with the Mail & Guardian. Kaunda, the former KwaZulu-Natal trans- port and public safety MEC, flinched, almost imperceptibly, at a question about the cameras, ignored it and ploughed on with his pitch on the plans to bring about stability and policy cer- tainty in the city ahead of the 2021 local govern- ment elections. Acknowledged or not, the reconnection of the cameras not only brought city hall security back into the 21st century but also made it safer for staff and the new mayoral team. It also sent a message that the parlour, like the rest of the city, is back under scrutiny after three and a half years. Kaunda said his priority since taking office has been to meet major players in the city to “outline our vision” to retain Durban as a preferred tour- ism, investment and conferencing destination. “We need to guarantee them stability and pol- icy certainty, that we know what we are doing as government,’’ Kaunda said. A first step towards this was the reinstate- ment of the city’s finance committee, shut down in 2016. The new deputy mayor, former finance MEC Belinda Scott, is heading the committee. Kaunda said he had also moved to ensure the city administration acted against staff and coun- cillors implicated in a number of investigations into corruption and maladministration. The city, he said, needed to ensure that conse- quence management became more than a “nice English word”, because it had “not yet been applied in the manner that it is supposed to be”. 15.180 FL 8-ton Kaunda said his other immediate objec- tive was to sort out the city’s auditing woes. CHASSIS CAB from only Previously teams from the auditor general’s office had to abandon attempts to audit depart- mental books because they had received death threats. 24HR R499 000 The new mayor undertook to “fight” the ROADSIDE business forums that have been hijacking city ASSISTANCE | R573 850 incl.VAT projects, demanding 30% of business and clos- R499 000 excl.VAT ing down building sites. The forums backed Gumede’s bid to become mayor and operated with apparent impunity during her tenure, Terms and conditions apply. E&OE. but are now facing legal action from Kaunda’s administration. Kaunda said the city would use evidence gath- www.faw.co.za ered using its CCTV system to lodge civil dam- ages claims against the forums for hijacking sites and attacking council contractors and staff. Gumede’s supporters want her to stand EASTERN CAPE • Port Elizabeth (082) 376 7233 FREESTATE • Bethlehem (058) 303 5372 • Bloemfontein (051) 011 7098 again as ANC eThekwini chairperson when • Harrismith (087) 700 2802 GAUTENG • Isando (087) 700 2904 • Johannesburg South (011) 683 3364 • Midvaal (011) 900 1228 its regional conference is held later this year, • Pretoria West (012) 372 1323 • Rosslyn (072) 288 8200 KWAZULU-NATAL • (087) 700 2870 • Richards Bay (035) 492 0071/2 a move they say will put her in line to become • South Coast (039) 682 0113 LIMPOPO • Polokwane (082) 788 7341 MPUMALANGA • Ermelo (017) 811 5181 mayor again. NORTHERN CAPE NORTH WEST Gumede is a key ally of former president • Middelburg (087) 654 0521 • Nelspruit (013) 010 1274 • Upington (054) 332 1026 • Klerksdorp (018) 462 4041 and was central to the fightback 0DNHQJWESTERN CAPE • Cape Town (087) 700 2906 • George (044) 802 0900 • Vredenburg (022) 713 1235 by the Zuma camp, now led by ANC secretary • Worcester (023) 426 0002 • (+267) 316 3200 LESOTHO • (+266) 58 881 222 • (+264) 83 330 8030/1/2/3 general Ace Magashule, in KwaZulu-Natal after 12 Mail & Guardian November 1 to 7 2019 The good news

Home is where the heart is: This 1974 Volkswagen Jurgens campervan became the Alfino family’s new home, a big adjustment from their house in Cape Town. Photos: Zorann Elizabeth A family finds home on the road

Van life meant adjusting to living in a confined space and dealing with breakdowns, but every bump was worth it

Sarah Smit

hotographs of the Alfino family bundled up in their 1974 Volkswagen PJurgens campervan evoke the messy-haired delight of family road trips through the countryside. But their story is different — and much longer than the two-day stretches between city life and getaway. In July last year, Cindy and Seth Alfino packed up their lives for an almost year-long trip around South Africa with their three children. They left behind their Cape Town home, reducing their living space from 140m2 to 7.5m2, all in the name of adventure and getting back to basics. In doing so, they joined “van life” — the highly Instagrammable alter- native to the fixed abode and the drudgery of the nine-to-five. The family documented the trip, capturing each triumph, such as making a snowman at the top of Sani Pass in Lesotho, as well as each breakdown, of which there were Byways: Cindy and Seth Alfino (top left) took their three children (above right) on an almost year-long trip around South Africa. It was an adventure many. for the family, but for many in countries like the United States and the van life is an alternative to being homeless In one vlog, posted to their YouTube channel, Seth points his ing their gifts and things like that,” ing things. But for many others the state also has the highest number more than 30 times. At one point, he GoPro at the children, still sleepy- he says. choice is a little less romantic. of registered vehicles in the US — had to take the engine out himself eyed. “The children don’t actually “Their rooms were kind of over- According to a recent article in The 32.1-million in 2018. to rebuild it. “It was super stressful speak, they just growl. They’re so flowing with toys. So I thought it Guardian, 21 215 Britons applied to But Seth says van life in South and a little bit unnecessary,” he says, wild now.” would just be good just to minimise the country’s licensing agency in the Africa doesn’t necessarily offer a laughing. “They’ve become feral animals,” what we have and live on the bare past year to convert their vehicles cheaper alternative to other forms Another challenge, at least at the Cindy adds. essentials for a little bit.” into homes — “a rise of almost two- of sheltered living. “It’s a bit differ- beginning of the trip, was living on Their youngest, Knox, emits a For Cindy, who left Cape Town thirds in two years”. ent for us because safety is a big issue top of one another for long stretches fierce growl. with bright pink hair that faded over The article cautions against in South Africa, which scares a lot of of time. For Seth, it’s the upside of this time, the appeal was simple: break- romanticising van life, contending people. You know you can’t just park “The first month was pretty hec- close-quarters living — which inevi- ing out of the city she had grown up that this rise in numbers signifies the on the side of the road. So it’s not as tic,” Cindy says. “We all had to grow tably breaks the domesticated rituals in and getting a chance to see South frightening reality of a housing cri- cheap as it is overseas, I think.” accustomed to living in 7.5m2 all of family life — that drew him to the Africa. sis, including rental prices too high The Alfinos parked their van at together. And being together all the idea in the first place. The family moved from place to for many citizens of the country with caravan parks or, at a pinch, at a bed time, all day every day … There were As an architect, he was working place every two or three days, giving the sixth-biggest economy. and breakfast. This, plus the price of a lot of things we had to work out. full days and sometimes late into the them the opportunity to explore the An analysis of government sta- petrol, means van living can come Just how to deal with things emo- night, robbing him of time with his sights of their various stops while tistics by United Kingdom charity with a hefty price tag. tionally. ‘Patience, love and kindness’ wife and children. “I felt I was just still managing home-schooling and Shelter shows that between 2011 and There is also the question of the was our sort of motto.” missing out time from the family. So work. 2017 rents in England have grown cost of the van itself, which, like the But things got easier, Cindy says. that was one reason,” he says. “Whatever felt like the most impor- 60% faster than wages. Alfinos’s VW, usually has to be kitted “The kids were great. They really He has just finished preparing an tant thing to do that day we did,” A similar trend seems to have out to be turned into a home. enjoyed seeing the sights and all the early supper, or “lupper” — between Cindy says, her voice lilting with taken hold in California, which has According to a survey by website experiences. They wanted to come lunch and supper — as Cindy puts it, bright notes. one of the largest homeless popula- Outbound Living of 725 van lifers, back only to see their grandparents. for the children. For many who choose van life, tions in the United States. According 31% said their conversions cost them It has made a lasting impression on “The other reason was that we this reasoning is familiar: no home to a 2018 article in online magazine between R15 000 and R73 000. them.” seemed to be accumulating a lot of means less responsibilities and more Slate, in Los Angeles more than Seth says their VW, which the fam- She adds jokingly: “A positive one, stuff and the kids weren’t appreciat- freedom to do other, more excit- 15 000 people live in vehicles. The ily nicknamed Optimus, broke down not one they wish never happened.” Mail & Guardian November 1 to 7 2019 13 NewsThe good news Khayelitsha’s kasi-style pizza joint

Nokuthula Sigaba proves pizza isn’t the preserve of white people. And Sweet ’n Lovely, the township’s first pizzeria, has many hungry fans

Michael Nkalane

izza has always been seen as white people’s food. But in Khayelitsha that percep- Ption shifted after the first pizza outlet was opened in the Cape Flats township six years ago. Nokuthula Sigaba opened her Sweet ’n Lovely pizza stall — a small Much meat: Nokuthula Sigaba kiosk with a mobile pizza oven — on (far left) now employs 16 people, the busy corner of Spine Road and including Wanda Mane (left). Lwando Street in June 2013, after Her business has expanded to she quit her job at the Pizza Shack three kiosks and the variety in Ottery, where she fine-tuned her of toppings (above) to 24. pizza-making skills. Photos: Barry Christianson Today she employs 16 people and has an ever-increasing customer Pizza right in the middle of the base, with some patrons coming from township breaks all the rules. as far as Table View, a Cape Town Mayenzeke Vumendlini, who suburb about 40 minutes away. lives in a part of Khayelitsha called Sigaba says that in her research Harare, says: “I knew pizza as food she discovered that every kind of for the rich white people. I thought food and take-away was available in that this thing was meant exclusively Khayelitsha, except for pizza. for the whites in those restaurants in “That was when I decided to quit upmarket [areas]. I thought it was as a pizza baker and open this busi- too expensive that even when my ness,” she says. boss, [who] I used to work for in the What started with one type of pizza 1980s in Constantia, was asking me is now a thriving business, boasting to throw stuff in the dustbin I never 24 different toppings. bothered to look at the price of pizza, Sigaba now has three kiosks. The even if it was in the box.” second, which opened in 2016, is in Middle-class couple Luyolo a house in Khayelitsha C section and Mabandla, a nurse, and his life part- the third is in Bardale, Mfuleni, and ner, Noloubabalo Zenani, a teacher at opened in January this year. Joe Slovo High School, say the arrival Sigaba’s best-selling toppings are township do not have to travel to Paarl resident Nigel Scheepers, who home” in Xhosa, is about 30 minutes of Sweet ’n Lovely has had a positive Cape Town, Khayelitsha, Sweet & other urban areas to buy pizza. works in Tyger Valley, says he drives from the centre of Cape Town. It was effect on their wallets. Lovely and the vegetarian pizza. The Sigaba says the increase in demand to Khayelitsha whenever he craves a established in 1983 by the Regular customer Lucia Zembe Cape Town has a topping of mush- has meant that there is a need for pizza. “I drove from Tyger Valley to government to accommodate people lives in Site B in Khayelitsha, agrees, room, onion, green pepper, beef house deliveries. buy this pizza for lunch, beating traf- living in informal settlements on the adding that the advantage of having mince, chicken and tomato and costs “I get calls throughout the day,” she fic before lunch ends,” he says. “Pizza Cape Flats, some of them leaving Old a pizza outlet in the township is she R120 or R85, depending on the size. says, adding that she has employed here is good.” Crossroads to escape violence that doesn’t have to travel for pizza. “And The Khayelitsha is similar to the seven people to help. “Some didn’t Lwanele Somerset, an employee at flared up in a power struggle, with the good thing is that it is affordable.” Cape Town but has more beef and have experience in making pizza, but Sweet ’n Lovely, says not only has he the supporters of one leader being She says her favourite pizza is the sells for R90 or R60. Sweet & Lovely’s I trained them.” learned how to make a pizza, but he the notorious Witdoeke. Khayelitsha because “it is made the topping consists of ham, bacon and In the beginning, Sigaba was scep- now also has a stable job. Typical Khayelitsha cuisine way I like it — kasi style. It has too chorizo and sells for R100 or R75. The tical, but she describes the support “I am employed in the township includes sheep’s head (famously much meat and less cheese. We like vegetarian pizza, which has a topping she has received as “overwhelming”. now and no longer need transport known as a smiley), braaied chicken meat in the township.” of pineapple, feta and olives, costs She’s also been experimenting with fare and money for lunch. And I feet, a mixture of animals’ inter- R80 or R50. toppings. “I decided to try [some piz- know how to make a pizza now for nal organs known as isityhweht- This is an edited version of an Because of her endeavours, people zas] with common mushroom and the first time in my life,” he says. ywe and animal intestines, called article that was first published from South Africa’s second-largest Vienna flavour.” Khayelitsha, which means “new amathumbu. on New Frame

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Lester Kiewit Kennedy stands out. Steenhuisen says he regards JFK’s “ask not what your country can ike most career politicians, the office do for you” speech as a rallying call, and his of interim Democratic Alliance par- motivation to run for the top post in the DA. liamentary leader John Steenhuisen “The thing with Kennedy is that what he Lis filled with memorabilia. did was not pander to the prejudices of the These include photos with world electorate. leaders, such as former United Kingdom prime “He didn’t make promises. He set out chal- minister David Cameron and trinkets from lenges,” Steenhuisen adds. “And in South United States presidential elections (but mostly Africa, people need to know we have a big chal- those of Democratic Party candidates). lenge ahead and we have to rise to that and not Inspiring: John F Kennedy and occupy prominent positions in A portrait of former US president John F play to our fears.” John Steenhuisen’s office. Photo: David Harrison

Prior to the turbulence that hit the DA a week ago, Steenhuisen was the party’s chief whip. When Mmusi Maimane resigned as party leader and MP, Steenhuisen lost his post because it is tied to the term of the party’s leader. But he almost immediately announced he would run for the position of leader of the oppo- sition in Parliament, and days later declared his intention to run as party leader. “I never thought Mmusi was going to step aside,” Steenhuisen said. “I was under the impression that we would go to an early con- gress and that he would seek a new mandate. “But,” he added, “I joined the party with the intention that one day I’d like to lead the party. It’s every politician’s dream.” Steenhuisen is known as a procedural street fi ghter, a stickler for parliamentary rules, with an acerbic wit that has often cut deep into the skins of ANC MPs and ministers. He was the DA’s go-to person to sweep parliamentary debates. He’s had to give that up because the role of leader of the opposition in Parliament rises slightly above the rough and tumble of parlia- mentary politics. Steenhuisen has confi rmed the appointment of Natasha Mazzone as the DA’s chief whip. Until recently she was the party’s spokesperson on public enterprises. remains the deputy chief whip. “Not heckling is going to require a little bit of restraint in the short term but I’ve been a leader in the legislature before [in the Durban metro council and Kwazulu-Natal legislature]. There is a nuanced position, a greater responsi- bility. And there will be times where we adopt a ‘country fi rst’ approach,” he says.

teenhuisen appears to admire the spo- radic bi-partisan co-operation found Sin the US Congress. “We can reach across the party aisle where we can work together on some things that unite South Africans. We don’t necessarily need a DA solu- tion or an ANC solution but [rather] look at what’s good for the country.” In his run for the post of party leader, Steenhuisen says he will respect any outcome. “Whatever the outcome of the November elec- tion, I will respect that. I won’t be a ‘Bitter Betty’ and storm out of the party. I think I have an off er to make to the people of the DA. And if they don’t want that, I think that’s fi ne. I’ll come back to Parliament, I’ll pick up a portfolio and continue to work.” Steenhuisen’s competitors could include , the leader of the DA in the Western Cape, who said party members had suggested they would nominate him as DA leader. Zwakele Mncwango, the party’s leader in KwaZulu-Natal, has also said he is consider- ing running for the post. Unlike Kennedy, Steenhuisen does not want to build Camelot, the name bestowed on JFK’s presidential legacy. He believes in what he calls the “project” — growing the party over the long term, and implementing liberal, free-market policies to stave off an economy in free-fall. The interim party leader said he won’t move into Maimane’s office, saying the period of upheaval is too fresh, and will prob- ably stay among his pictures, books and other memorabilia. Mail & Guardian November 1 to 7 2019 15 Vumacam Sponsored Feature Vumacam’s eye in the sky solution

Smart camera networks help to create a smarter, safer cities

Derek Davey

ohannesburg residents may well wonder what the function is of the futuristic, circular grey domes J that now adorn many street poles. Although many of the domes do not yet have cameras on them, they are being added on a daily basis. Those areas with cameras mean that these neighbourhoods are now under surveillance but, accord- ing to Vumacam’s chief executive Ricky Croock, it’s all for our own good: the cam- eras are there to tackle escalating crime rates. Vumacam is rolling out a city-wide smart camera network, to allow reliable and quality video streaming for security Left: A “Camera Ready” Vumacam Dome without cameras. Right: Vumacam Dome with cameras. purposes. Johannesburg will soon have over 15 000 Vumacam cameras (known as Vumacams) that will scan for suspicious behaviour and vehicle licence plates of cars that move in their vicinity. This will bring it in line with intelligent cities across the globe, such as and . The footage, relayed via an optic fibre network, is of excellent quality, and can be used for other smart city purposes, such as reduc- ing traffic congestion. Each Vumacam has a unique internet protocol address, and vetted monitoring or security companies can access the feed in their particular area to help provide alerts for their reaction vehicles. They can review the footage, but it is important to note that they cannot download it. Automated systems then process the footage picked up by the cameras to ana- lyse security incidents. If their algorithms pick up something strange, such as a licence plate linked to crimes, the security companies that rent the data will receive an alert in their control room and can react in real time. The systems work fast: an impressive 480 car registrations per minute can be scanned using LPR (licence plate recognition) and matched to the police database for stolen vehicles. “Vumacam’s vision is ambitious: to make South Africa a safer place by provid- ing a CCTV platform that transforms how Street poles with Vumacam’s signature grey ‘domes’. When they are linked by fibre and have cameras installed, it means that the streets beneath security and communities work together,” them are under surveillance. Photos: Supplied reads a company statement. “We’ve cre- ated a solution that not only contributes to was actually one of the core reasons why emergency response times in accidents, side of and within school grounds. KCI the efficiencies and effectiveness, we also Vumacam was born: to create a single, or for proactive infrastructure monitoring could roll out quickly by partnering with envision it will, over time, contribute to the regulated network of cameras that are by identifying potential issues before they Vumatel, which already provides fibre to success of South Africa socioeconomically.” compliant. Thousands of cameras exist in become problems. Schools, hospitals, pub- 255 schools in Gauteng. Unlike previous surveillance systems Gauteng, none are regulated, many don’t lic facilities and parks can also use the data The camera network technology will bet- that were limited to certain areas, the have tier 3 data storage solutions (as stor- to their advantage. ter analyse and co-ordinate emergency pro- Vumacams aim to cover the entire city. The age is very expensive) and no one knows Business and state-owned assets can now cedures, bomb threat and fire evacuation benefit of a wide area infrastructure, says who is watching the footage. be better protected. Cellphone towers can plans with synchronised communication Croock, “is the network effect of central- Vumacam’s website stresses that it be protected from battery theft, while cop- to teachers and parents alike. The camera ised data to track broad patterns, such as adheres rigidly to the regulations set out per cable theft, damage to property and network’s integral AI will be developed to robberies in different neighbourhoods”. in the Protection of Personal Information illegal dumping can be better monitored, highlight any strange or stranger activity In isolation, the existing surveil- Act (Popia), and only allows strictly vet- all of which allows for smoother running or raise alerts about suspicious vehicles lance solutions are still at a basic level. ted security companies access to the data cities. Commuters, especially women and around school perimeters. Throughout the Vumacam is however offering a fully con- the cameras receive. Law enforcement will children walking to school, will be able to development the KCI team will work with nected network guaranteeing a minimum also have access to the feed on submission do so with greater peace of mind. both educators and parents to bring a solu- 96% uptime — and that is the key — no one of a case number or upon a court order. While the Vumacam network started by tion that has the best chance of working to else is creating a network effect. As Croock Integration requires collaboration, says rolling out across the northern suburbs of protect children. says: “We cannot survive in isolation: we Croock. The fibre infrastructure and sur- Johannesburg, the company “follows the are part of an ecosystem, and our platform veillance camera rollouts have so far been fibre” and has committed to rolling out is important to bring collaboration across determined by the right of way (wayleaves) cameras in all underserved areas, includ- It’s working area divisions, between disparate security permissions the company has been able ing Alexandra, and will follow into Soweto companies and law enforcement.” to obtain from municipalities, as well as once fibre rolls out into that area, which ne security company, one area, CCTV is especially useful when it comes by public acceptance of neighbourhood is already in the planning phase. Once Oone month: 33 LPR-linked to reducing response times, increasing surveillance. The poles that carry cameras the fibre is installed, Vumacam will go in arrests. criminal interceptions, mitigating false also have signs informing residents who and add them to the larger smart camera The numbers speak for themselves. In alarms and helping investigations secure is monitoring that camera and where they network. one suburb where a security company is more convictions. “The solution is work- can address their queries, or report the monitoring only 150 Vumacams, in just ing; we have seen incredible results of location of a particular camera that may be Kids Custodian Initiative one month they received 20 LPR alerts interceptions from our clients, who always able to help investigators when opening a With recent school-related violence and which resulted in 33 arrests, 12 stolen bring in the SAPS to arrest or take in sus- case at the SAPS. the rise in kidnappings, the team at vehicles being recovered and the drivers pects,” says Croock. Vumacam felt it was important to seek of nine vehicles linked to various crimes Smart city benefits solutions. The Kids Custodian Initiative being apprehended. Overall there has Regulating an unregulated The rich data from reliable and good reso- (KCI), a Vumacam initiative, wants to roll been a drop in crimes of 29% since environment lution video footage has many applications out security solutions to schools across using the Vumacam LPR solution. Once Privacy regulations — who gets to see beyond security. In the mobility sector, Joburg. Right now it is at proof-of-concept the full network is up, these figures will the footage the cameras obtain — is an for example, the footage can be used for stage that will focus on innovation as a be exponential. issue that has raised much concern. This traffic congestion monitoring, to reduce proactive solution to solving safety out- 16 Mail & Guardian November 1 to 7 2019 Africa The trouble with reforesting Africa

Planting trees in Africa Graphic: JOHN McCANN “There is an inequality of diff erent people’s voices in these discussions,” is proposed by some she said. people as a quick fix for Local knowledge climate change. But In October, Science published a tech- local experts disagree nical comment from 46 academics from all over the world — including — and they’re fighting a number from Africa. The com- ment was a rebuttal of Bastin et al’s back to preserve the methodology, and claimed that the continent’s grasslands original paper had overestimated the global potential for tree restoration Simon Allison by a factor of fi ve — as well as ignor- ing crucial local context that under- n July 25 in Addis mined their projections. Two other Ababa, Ethiopian technical comments were published Prime Minister Abiy by Science, both of which raised seri- OAhmed picked up a ous additional fl aws in the methodol- spade and started to ogy of the original paper. dig a hole. When he was finished, “This paper shows that the authors he gently lowered a sapling into the have little knowledge of savanna hole he had dug, and then covered ecology,” said Alfan Rija, from the its roots with the loose soil. The tree Sokoine University of Agriculture that he had just planted was one of in Tanzania, who co-authored the 350 million planted in Ethiopia that rebuttal. “I am worried that these day, part of an unprecedented push programs could be used by stronger to reforest the country — and, in the countries — the G20 — to craft global process, save the world from the cli- policies to exploit land and forests of mate crisis. the tropical world.” Unfortunately, it’s a little more The problem is systemic, argues complex than that. another co-author, Coert Geldenhuys The idea that the world needs to from the University of Stellenbosch: plant more trees is not controversial. “Most forest and woodland poli- Trees suck carbon out of the atmos- cies in Southern Africa are basi- phere, storing it in the earth instead. cally forced on to Africa from out- So if we plant enough new forests — side (the World Bank, the Food these would need to cover as much as and Agriculture Organisation, one-third of all the land in the world, the International Union for some estimates suggest — we should Conservation of Nature, et cetera), be able to prevent the planet from and ignore the diverse ecology of the becoming any hotter. African systems.” This is the premise of a recent The publication of this rebuttal paper published in Science, an aca- was organised in part by the Miombo demic journal. In it, researchers led Network, a regional alliance of aca- by Jean-François Bastin, a Swiss- demics across Southern Africa who based academic and self-described work together to fi gure out the best “tree doctor”, say that the Earth ways to manage land in the vast is capable of supporting an extra Miombo Woodlands biome, which 900-million trees. These new for- stretches from Angola to Tanzania ests would capture and store 205 Besides, it is far from settled and from southern Zimbabwe all the gigatonnes of carbon dioxide in the whether planting more trees in way up to the Democratic Republic next century (that’s equivalent to Southern Africa’s grasslands would of the Congo. When it comes to this two-thirds of all the carbon diox- actually have the intended effect. part of the world, they are the real ide generated by humans since the “Several researchers have argued experts — and, thanks to their coor- industrial revolution, according to that the grassy biomes targeted for dinated efforts, we know that if a Scientifi c American). aff orestation are better than forests tree falls in a reforested biome, it will But where to fi nd so much avail- at conserving carbon,” noted a recent make a noise. able land? Attention in recent years paper on this subject in the Trends in Crowther Labs, under whose has focused on Africa, the grass- Ecology & Evolution journal. auspices the Bastin study was con- iest continent, whose wide, empty “This is partly because forests, ducted, declined the M&G’s request savannahs can be transformed especially plantations of eucalypts for an interview. However, Bastin into enormous forests with relative and pines, are vulnerable to high- and his co-authors responded to ease. The African Forest Landscape severity fi res and will become more the criticisms of their work in their Restoration Initiative, which styles so as the world warms. Most of the own technical comment in Science. itself as AFR100, aims to do exactly carbon stored in grasslands is below They insist that their numbers are that: it has secured $1.4-billion in ground, where it persists through accurate, and that their work is not funding from the likes of fi re.” meant to be prescriptive: “Generally, and the World Bank to pay African There are other problems with we must highlight that our analysis leaders to reforest 100-million hec- indiscriminate afforestation, this does not ever address whether any tares of African land. Good intentions: Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed taking part in paper explains. Digging up the soil actions ‘should’ or ‘should not’ take AFR100 is a win-win: for foreign the African Forest Landscape Restoration Initiative by planting a tree. to plant the trees may inadvertently place. Our analysis simply estimated donors, who can bolster their green Photo: Office of the prime minister, Ethiopia release carbon into the atmosphere, the biophysical limits of global forest credentials; and for African lead- because grasslands themselves are growth by highlighting where trees ers, who can claim to be fighting was outraged. Not only by the num- should grow there,” she told the Mail hypothesised to be formidable car- “can” exist,” they said. climate change while generating a bers — which at fi rst glance appeared & Guardian. bon sinks; and trees, with their deep Archibald, however, is not buying sizeable fi nancial windfall for their totally incorrect to her — but also Archibald’s frustration has been roots, use up lots of water — leav- it. “We can have a scientifi c debate governments. That’s why it has been because she noticed that much of growing in recent years, as the idea of ing less for other species, including about how many trees should be so enthusiastically embraced by the Southern Africa’s grasslands had “reforesting” Africa has become more humans. planted, but once you provide a leaders of 28 countries, who together been included among the areas ripe popular with her Western colleagues This science is not new, nor is it map showing where they should have committed to plant trees on for reforestation. — and with global policymakers. controversial: in fact, South Africa be planted [such as the one on the 113-million hectares — comfortably Archibald, an associate profes- “It is true that you could store lots heavily regulates the planting of Crowther Labs website] then govern- exceeding AFR100’s original target. sor at Johannesburg’s University of of carbon if you planted more trees. new forests because of their nega- ments and policymakers are going But it might not be a win for the the Witwatersrand, has spent much But when I engaged with European tive impact on water supply. And this to use it to make decisions ... We environment. of her career studying these grass- scientists about why you can’t plant is what really frustrates Archibald. feel, rather engage with scientists in lands, and she believes that planting trees in Europe, they say, ‘Well, we When it comes to the global discus- Africa about how storing carbon can Arboreal imperialism trees there would be a disaster. “Just are using that land.’ There is a sense sions on tree-planting and climate align with other human objectives. If When Sally Archibald first read because trees can grow on a patch that land in Africa is available and change, the work of local scientists is they would like to engage with us, we Bastin et al’s paper in Science, she of land, does not mean that trees can be used to fi x global issues.” being sidelined. are very happy to engage.” Mail & Guardian November 1 to 7 2019 17

THE BIG PICTURE / Mufananidzo mukuru / Aworan ńlá / As-surat al-kabira CONTINENTAL DRIFT

‘Putin’s chef’ trolls Africa Facebook says it has suspended three networks of accounts linked to controversial Russian busi- nessman Yevgeny Prigozhin. The networks targeted Madagascar, Central African Republic, , Democratic Republic of the Congo, Cote d’Ivoire, Cameroon, Sudan and Libya “with messages intended to bolster Russia’s political and commercial priorities”, The Washington Post reported. Prigozhin has close links with Vladimir Putin, and his merce- nary company is active in several African countries. The United States indicted Prigozhin for inter- fering in the US 2016 presidential election.

Yes, Mr Prime Ministers Guinea-Bissau’s under-fire President José Mário Vaz this week named a new prime minister — Faustino Fudut Imbali — but the previous incumbent — Aristides Gomes — has refused to step down. The impasse at the head of government reflects a bitter power struggle in the ruling party that has crippled Vaz’s administration, just weeks before the country is due to go to the polls. The legiti- macy of Vaz himself is in question, because his term in office officially Spectacular: Burkina Faso’s Tour du Faso is one of the biggest stage cycling races in Africa, attracting competitors from Europe and Africa. It’s a expired on June 23. But, under 10-day cycle race over more than 1 200km. Now in its 32nd year, the race is organised by the same company that runs the Tour de . an Economic Community of West The origins of the event date back to 1959 when a cycle race formed part of the independence celebrations. Photo: Olympia de Maismont/AFP African States mediation plan, he will remain in until the November elections.

Malaria spikes in Burundi Malaria in Burundi has reached epidemic proportions this year, ‘There is blood in the tea’ with more than seven million cases reported, according to ReliefWeb and the World Health Kenyans who were expelled from their land Kenya was under the Crown, making against the UK. Williamson Fine Organisation. This includes 2 700 the UK responsible under interna- Tea, and James Finlay Limited, two fatalities. The drivers of this by British colonisers — to make way for tea tional law. other multinationals with major tea rapid increase — 64% more than plantations — are demanding justice The UK Foreign Office, in a state- estates in Kericho, did not reply to 2018 — could include insufficient ment to AFP, said it supported the requests for comment. resources for an effective response work of UN special rapporteurs, and to the outbreak, low use of pre- Nick Perry in Kericho deployed rape, murder and arson would “respond accordingly” if con- ‘Stolen property’ ventive action such as mosquito to seize swathes of arable land in tacted by Salvioli, the independent “First of all, they need to acknowl- nets, climate change with warmer ibore Cheruiyot Ngas- Kericho from its traditional owners expert for the promotion of justice. edge that it is stolen property,” said temperatures leading to a sharp ura was just a small boy — rights violations for which nobody Those thrown off their land Kericho County Governor Paul increase in the number of mosqui- when his family was has ever answered. were herded into so-called “native Chepkwony, who has fought for rep- tos, which carry malaria. Kviolently expelled from The victims — more than 100 000 reserves”, marginal areas where con- arations for years. their ancestral land by are signatories to the UN complaint ditions were often appalling. In March, they scored a rare vic- Mozambique vote challenged British colonisers, and banished — want an apology, and reparations In an extreme case, the entire Talai tory when Kenya’s National Land Mozambique’s main opposition never to return. for their homeland being usurped clan — hundreds of families, includ- Commission ruled that the Kipsigis party, Renamo, has challenged the Eighty-five years later he still bris- and reallocated to white settlers, who ing that of 10-year-old Ngasura — and Talai did suffer injustices, and results of the October 15 general tles at the memory, recalling the fear turned to cultivating tea. was deported by decree in 1934 and recommended the UK apologise. election in court, citing “massive and confusion as his community was Kericho boasts some of Kenya’s interned in Gwasi, a barren land two- But efforts to broker dialogue electoral fraud”. President Felipe marched to a distant, unfamiliar most profitable agricultural land — weeks walk to the west, where malaria have not been successful, said Joel Nyusi secured re-election and place, and people around him begged but the Kipsigis and Talai say they was endemic and water scarce. Kimutai Bosek, a Kipsigis lawyer rep- another five-year term. Renamo their white overseer for answers. reap none of the benefit. The land “Life was so difficult. People were resenting his people. received less than 22% of the vote. “They asked him, ‘What wrong did today is largely owned by corpo- dying,” said Ngasura, speaking The UK has faced a slew of com- Renamo is not the only aggrieved we do? Why are you punishing us rate giants such as Unilever, which through a translator, surrounded by pensation claims from across its for- party, however; civil society groups like this?” said 94-year-old Ngasura, sources tea from Kericho for some his extended family. mer empire, including from Kenya. have also alleged widespread elec- the only living survivor of a mass of its best-selling brands such as Today, many Kipsigis and Talai live In 2013, the government paid repa- toral misconduct. deportation in 1934 from Kericho, in Lipton. as squatters, humiliated and land- rations to victims of its bloody crack- Kenya’s western highlands, where less, generations after their forebears down on the 1950s Mau Mau rebel- Cameroon landslide kills 42 rolling green hillsides now ripple ‘Blood tea’ were exiled from Kericho’s verdant lion against colonial rule in Kenya. Rescue workers in Cameroon are with their world-famous tea. The alleged expropriation of land slopes, land known locally as the But similar appeals have failed. still searching for victims after It is a question those forced off began in the early 20th century but “White Highlands”. Rodney Dixon QC, a British lawyer a devastating landslide killed at their land over decades in Kericho accelerated from the 1920s, after Most possess nothing more of their representing the Kipsigis and Talai least 42 people. Torrential rains in have been asking ever since. Kericho’s exceptional suitability for past than chunks of pottery and who is visiting Kericho this week, Bafoussam, a city in the western Fed up with being ignored, the tea was realised. other fragments, unearthed surrep- said the UN special rapporteur could highlands, caused part of a hill Kipsigis and Talai peoples have urged “There is blood in the tea,” said titiously from beneath the tea fields: assist in mediating a settlement, and to collapse, sweeping dozens of a United Nations special investigator Godfrey Sang, a historian whose proof, they say, that their people had experience investigating long- homes over the edge. At least 26 of to open an inquiry into their plight. grandfather’s land was doled out to once lived there. past historic abuses. the dead are children. Authorities British and Kenyan lawyers repre- white farmers. “It is very bitter, to see where you “This is a precedent that could said rescue workers have strug- senting the victims made their first “People were killed. Livestock was used to live, and (know) you were equally apply here,” Dixon told gled to get access to parts of the visit to Kericho this week since filing stolen. Land was taken. Women were chased away,” said Joel Kimutai reporters in Geneva in September. disaster area because of the steep an official complaint with the UN, raped ... And a crop was planted.” Kimetto, staring wistfully at distant Ngasura, reaching the end of his slopes there. The heavy rainfall accusing the UK government of fail- Lawyers pushing for UN special hills where his father’s land was years, just wants an apology before in the region has displaced about ing to account for this colonial-era rapporteur Fabian Salvioli to launch razed, and tea planted in its place. he dies. 30 000 people in neighbouring injustice. an inquiry say the intentional dis- A spokesperson for Unilever Kenya “After that, we would shake the Central African Republic. — Briefs They allege that the British placement and resettlement of Ltd told AFP by email they would hands of the British, and forget the sourced from AFP, AllAfrica, AP army and colonial administrators Kipsigis and Talai occurred when not comment on colonial-era claims past,” he said. — AFP and Reuters 18 Mail & Guardian November 1 to 7 2019 Africa The city wins — but Egypt loses

A novel inspired by Arab Spring activists is brutally honest about what happened — and what keeps happening

REVIEW Theresa Mallinson

or Alaa. This would’ve been a better book if I’d been able to talk to ‘Fyou.” The dedication of Omar Robert Hamilton’s 2017 novel, The City Always Wins, is to his cousin — the activist Alaa Abd El-Fattah — City of pain: Celebrations in Cairo after Hosni Mubarak was ousted in 2011 (below) were replaced by agony as many were killed in 2013 (left) and Alaa who was in prison at the time of its Abd El-Fattah (right) was rearrested in September. Photos: Mahmoud Khaled/AFP, Mostafa el-Shemy/Anadolu Agency and Marco Longari/AFP writing and publication. Hamilton’s modesty comes across as sincere but, of the book in which we see real-life even without Abd El-Fattah’s input, characters Alaa Abd-El Fattah and his novel is a tour de force. his sister, Sanaa Seif, being let out of Washington Post editor Phil prison for a few hours to attend the Graham described journalism as the funeral of their father, human rights “first rough draft of history”. This lawyer Ahmed Seif. Khalil is back phrase springs to mind when I’m from America for the funeral. “The reading The City Always Wins (that whole revolution is in this hall,” he is, if you delete “rough”). Although thinks. “We cannot afford this loss.” it is a novel, it is imbued with the The novel, not a snapshot of the contemporary history of Egypt since revolution but rather a mosaic in 2011; a fictionalised account of the prose form, has ended. In real life, lives of the revolutionaries who pro- the struggle continues. pelled the so-called Arab Spring. The opening scenes of the book bd El-Fattah remained are set on October 9 2011, the date in jail, serving a five-year of the Maspero massacre. One of Asentence, until he was the protagonists, revolutionary and released in March 2019. activist Mariam, who has no official “Released” is a euphemism though medical training but who follows — his parole conditions stated that in her doctor mother’s footsteps by he had to return to his jail cell every helping out at field hospitals, is in night from 6pm to 6am. an infirmary piled with dead bodies. And then, on September 29, as It is her job to hold off the grieving part of a crackdown against activ- relatives of the dead, because it is ists and journalists, Abd El-Fattah important that autopsies be con- was rearrested. Over the next few ducted to ascertain exactly how the days, the total number of political people died — and who killed them. arrests grew to more than 2 200. Maspero is the building that They included Abd El-Fattah’s law- houses Egypt’s state broadcaster yer, Mohamed El Baqir, and activist and was the destination of a peaceful adversity begins to fray in “Today”. into the trap of cataloguing events main protagonists. They’re sup- Esraa Abdel Fattah (no relation). march by Copts who were initially The characters are no longer able to in post-revolutionary Egypt, the set ported by a cast of fellow activists Allegedly all of them have been tor- demonstrating against the destruc- focus on dreaming of and building pieces of the continuing struggle, and journalists who congregate in tured — and they are not the only tion of a church. Like much of a better future for themselves and rather than engaging with the per- the Chaos newsroom, delivering ones. Egypt’s recent history, what exactly their fellow Egyptians. Instead they sonal narratives of the characters. podcasts and stories to the world. Writing for Mada Masr, Yasmine happened next is contested, but the must battle new and old enemies Hamilton himself deftly avoids Rania, Rosa, Hafez, Ashraf, Nancy El-Rifae (Hamilton’s wife) describes nonpropaganda version is firm in alike — the Muslim Brotherhood, such a misstep. It’s an ambitious and Nadia are some of the char- the last time she saw Abd El-Fattah: its assertion that the 24 protesters the army and the police — in pro- project — chronicling the story of acters who pop up repeatedly in “On the day before Alaa’s arrest, who were shot and killed — and the tests against the new Constitution, the revolution and its aftermath the narrative, but this isn’t a novel in a conversation about attitudes hundreds who were injured — were which allows for torture; demon- through the medium of fiction. about individuals, it’s about a collec- towards traditional therapy, he attacked by the army and security strations against the draconian new But it’s this recourse to fiction that tive movement. told me that he didn’t believe, fun- forces. protest laws; and the sit-in in sup- brings the events to life in a way It’s in the third part of the novel damentally, that individuals could It’s significant that this novel of port of recently elected President straight journalism or even literary that the sense of the collective really heal on their own. It had to be the revolution begins with Maspero, Mohamed Morsi (of the Muslim nonfiction can’t always achieve: fic- begins to fall apart. The characters collective.” rather than during the protests Brotherhood) at Rabaa Square. All tion allows the characters the space have supported each other — and The brutal military regime in in Tahrir Square which began on their energy is focused on the pre- to feel their emotions and draws the the revolutionary project — through Egypt is intent on crushing not January 25 2011. The world’s eyes sent, on simply getting through reader into their world. the most arduous circumstances, just thousands of individuals, some were trained on Egypt during that today. Mariam, mentioned above, and but there’s a growing sense that it more prominent than others, but time; ever since, it feels as if global The Rabaa Massacre in August Khalil, her Egyptian-Palestinian- has all been for naught; that Egypt the collective spirit and will of the attention has slowly, surely and 2013 — in which hundreds, if not American boyfriend, are the two has returned to the “Yesterday” of a people. In the article quoted above, inevitably dissipated. But for the thousands, of protesters were military dictatorship. Reflecting on El-Rifae also writes that, “Alaa’s sis- revolutionaries, those 18 days were killed and during which Morsi was the death of yet another unknown ter Mona says she has a quarter of just the beginning of a battle against deposed in a coup — was orches- comrade, Khalil muses. “I didn’t the energy, and double the anger of the regime — in its changing incar- trated by a certain General Abdel know you, but I knew we were his previous arrest in 2013. The bur- nations — that continues to this day. Fattah el-Sisi, none other than the together in this, that we have stood den that lays ahead of her and the Hamilton’s novel has three parts, incumbent Egyptian president. “The together, night after night, regime rest of his family is vast.” titled: “Tomorrow”, “Today” and gunfire draws closer. This is the end. after regime. We stood together, we It’s difficult to demarcate historical “Yesterday”. Yet the book has a No one is coming, no one is stopping failed together. We die apart.” events as they happen. But it feels as broadly linear chronological struc- this, no one is saving us. They are This sense of alienation is mir- if this particular moment might well ture, notwithstanding its use of coming, the guns and the trucks are rored in how Hamilton structures be the “next time” Hamilton’s charac- flashbacks. How does this make coming.” this third section. The first two parts ters speak of. Throughout the novel, sense; how does tomorrow arrive The third part of the book, of the novel bustle with a constant the phrase “the revolution contin- before yesterday? These timestamps “Yesterday”, features the characters flow of characters and dialogue, ues” is hijacked by counter revolu- are less about events than the atti- coming to terms with the aftermath driven by the urgency of unfolding tionaries as it is spoken — devoid of tude of the revolutionaries. of the revolution and the massacres events. In comparison, Khalil — who irony or laden with it, depending on In “Tomorrow”, despite the set- that followed, all while attempting has broken up with Mariam and your perspective — by the mouths of backs and disappointments of the to deal with the ongoing atrocities returned to America — is a lonely, the Muslim Brotherhood, the mili- months since Tahrir Square, there as their comrades and colleagues are isolated figure in “Yesterday” as he tary and General Sisi. Perhaps noth- is still hope amid the horror. “The targeted by the military — arrested reflects on just what went wrong. ing as grand as another revolution is revolution is unstoppable,” say the on trumped-up charges, thrown in “We should’ve taken Maspero” is a possible in Egypt right now. But the activists and journalists document- jail, tortured. constant refrain as he laments the collective struggle for bread, freedom ing the crackdown. I realise now, as I’m writing about failure of the revolutionary project. and social justice is still there to be But this sense of optimism despite The City Always Wins, that I’ve fallen There’s a scene towards the end fought. Mail & Guardian November 1 to 7 2019 19 Business Mboweni weaponises ‘mini-budget’

SA’s economic prospects have declined rapidly since Feburary, with Eskom being one of the biggest drains. It’s time for some difficult choices

NEWS ANALYSIS , Ukraine and Zambia have Kevin Davie worse fi gures. Ballooning debt, the medium-term inance Minister Tito budget policy statement says, means Mboweni — 50 minutes that “by 2022-23 debt service costs late, it has to be said — are expected to exceed spending in Fbegan his briefing to jour- areas such as health and economic nalists who were in the development”. lock-up ahead of his medium term The markets responded as you’d budget statement to Parliament expect, the rand down 30 cents to the Graphic: JOHN McCANN with a primer explaining that this dollar, breaking R15; bond yields ris- was not a mini-budget and that per- ing 35 basis points; and bank shares haps it was time to reconsider the falling 2%. This is not the kind of role of this half-way update on the budget you’d want to put out just state of government’s finances. before an expected rating by the last He said that the medium-term agency that has you at investment update had been begun by then grade. Those analysts who were pre- finance minister Trevor Manuel in pared to stick their necks out and 1997 as an indicative statement try- make a prediction suggested either ing to chart the way forward “in good a downgrade or a negative outlook times and bad times”. with an actual downgrade next year. Perhaps, though, it was time Mboweni warned that unless the to evaluate the efficacy of this debt position was fi xed the country approach, he said, adding that a could end up in a debt trap — where thorough review of the successes and you borrow to service debt. “This is a failures of the medium-term budget very serious matter.” You could end policy statement, as it is known, had up in the hands of the International not been conducted. Monetary Fund in no time if this If he had issues with the statement, happens, he explained. it was not exactly clear what they are, The key challenges facing the fi s- but it appeared as if he sees it as an cus are state enterprises, particu- indicative pathway of “what we need larly Eskom, as well as public sector to do”. wages. Some kind of intervention Journalists in the lock-up hand in was widely expected to be announced their cellphones and sign a secrecy to triage the haemorrhage that is tional efficiencies, including better tress. It matters little to them if sup- ants — as well as members of the agreement in exchange for an early Eskom, including possibly access- cash management; and fast track the port comes as an equity injection or a national executive, MPs and mem- copy of the speech, a 20-page hand- ing green climate funds at preferen- separation of the utility into three loan — as long as they get the money. bers of the provincial executive — all out of the key points and graphs, tial rates in exchange for agreeing to parts as endorsed by its political In Eskom’s case, it knows it will get earned more than R1-million last as well as the fat, 364-page AENE prescribed periods to phase out its principals. the money because without electric- year. “After adjusting for inflation, (adjusted estimates of national coal-fi red power stations, auctioning The treasury intends taking a stick ity there is no economy. this is more than double the number expenditure). off its power stations, transferring to Eskom: cash-fl ow support will no But equally — and this is evident in of civil servants earning more than You didn’t have to read far in its debt to the government’s bal- longer be made available as equity the special report released by Public R1-million in 2006-2007.” to pick up some real shockers. ance sheet and, perhaps, persuading (a bailout) but rather in the form of Enterprises Minister Mboweni said the president had Government debt is projected to rise big bond holders, such as the Public loans. “Once I am convinced that the — the day before the medium-term agreed to guidelines that, for the within three years from the present Investment Corporation, to exchange Eskom board and management has budget policy statement, if there is foreseeable future, salaries for R3-trillion to R4.5-trillion. The debt debt for equity. made an irrevocable commitment to a plan to sell part of Eskom or refi - Cabinet minsters, premiers and to gross domestic product (GDP) But if some kind of big fix was implement government’s decisions nance it in some constructive way, MECs will be frozen at current levels, ratio is now forecast to balloon to expected, it was not there. All the and there is enough progress, we will this will be possible only when the with the likelihood of an adjustment 71.3% over the three-year medium- medium-term budget policy state- negotiate the appropriate size of debt new investors, private or public, have downwards; the costs of offi cial cars term budget policy statement period. ment says is that a sustainable relief,” the finance minister said. enough confi dence that they are not will be capped at R700 000; a new An indication of how rapidly the plan for state-owned companies is “Eskom is a business and should be throwing good money after bad. cellphone policy will the amount country’s public finances are dete- required that should include the run that way.” Gordhan’s report essentially looks claimable; all domestic travel will riorating is evident in that the 2019 disposal of non-core assets and This remains to be seen. When to fi x Eskom by running it properly, be economy class; and there will no budget, tabled in February, projected options for private sector participa- Eskom has previously run out bringing down costs and opening the longer be payment for subsistence this ratio to be 59.7%. tion. “These measures require dif- of funds and threatened to self- way for a competitive energy market and travel for both domestic and for- In February growth for the year ficult decisions that will affect the implode, taking the country down, in which the new transmission entity eign trips. was estimated at 1.5%; it has now economy and the distribution of the treasury came up with the neces- will be able to source power from But it is clear that work, in the form been revised down to just 0.5%. public resources,” said Mboweni, sary life support. And we know that the lowest-cost supplier to replace of negotiations with public sector Weaker growth is playing havoc adding that such measures would be the business model of most of our the monopolistic dead hand that has unions, still has to be done on this with the public purse. “We now announced in the 2020 budget. state-owned entities is to manage landed us in the unhappy place we front. “We look forward to robust dis- expect to collect R1.37-trillion this “We must wean state-owned enter- themselves in a state of fi nancial dis- are at present. cussions in the relevant bargaining year. This is R53-billion, or 4%, less prises off the national budget. They Another major challenge for structures and with other stakehold- than we expected,” Mboweni told must learn to stand on their own Mboweni is the public sector wage ers to achieve a sustainable arrange- Parliament. As things stand, the feet,” he said. bill. He said the average wage ment,” Mboweni said. treasury is revising down its tax rev- The government cannot continue “Once … there is increase across government was So rather than see the medium- enue predictions for 2020-21 and to throw money at Eskom. For the enough progress, we 6.8% in 2018-19, or 2.2% above infl a- term budget policy statement as a 2021-22 by R84-billion and R114- sizeable support it requires (R230- tion. After adjusting for infl ation, the statement of where we are, Mboweni billion respectively. billion over 10 years), it cannot be will negotiate the size average government wage has risen suggests we should see it as what we South Africa’s debt-to-GDP ratio business as usual, the medium-term of debt relief. Eskom is 66% in the past 10 years. need to do. This weaponises it: we has increased 30% over the past 10 budget policy statement says. Eskom a business and should A review accompanying the cannot continue to borrow without years, nearly three times the average must run its current plant and equip- medium-term budget policy state- consequences. Hard choices have to of peer countries. Only Argentina, ment better; must achieve opera- be run that way” ment shows that 29 000 public serv- be made, and soon. 20 Mail & Guardian November 1 to 7 2019 * Business Tax disappointment BIZ BRIEFS Shortfall in 2018-19, but revenue is expected to grow NHI to cost an extra R33bn The treasury estimates that rolling Tough work out the national health insurance (NHI) system will cost an additional R33-billion over the next seven years. The health insurance’s costs were projected to increase public health spending from about 4% to ahead to fix 6% of gross domestic product over 15 years, but the country’s weak economic outlook has made the initial estimates projected in 2011 and 2017 unaff ordable. The health department has reprioritised funds the economy R14.5bn to establish a dedicated NHI offi ce in less than 2019 the department. budget projection NPA gets an additional R1.3bn Sars is expected to miss its collection target for R57.3bn The National Prosecuting Authority Shortfall: In 2018-19 government collected (NPA) will receive an additional 2020-2021. And weak growth isn’t helping less than 2018 R1.3-billion from the treasury as R57.3bn less than projected in the 2018 budget projection part of the government’s plans budget and R14.5bn less than set out in the Thando Maeko trillion instead of its estimated to “strengthen capacity” over the R1.42-trillion. 2019 budget. This was the largest undercol- next three years. Finance Minister inance Minister Tito Gross tax revenue needed to grow lection since 2009-10 following the global Tito Mboweni said the money will Mboweni on Wednesday 10.4% instead of its 4% decline to financial crisis. It was partly driven by large go towards eff orts to combat cor- likened the state of the reach the 2019 budget estimates. The and unexpected once-off VAT refunds in line ruption. “These funds will be used economy to an aloe ferox bulk of the shortfall resulted from to improve prosecution capacity, F with commitments in the 2018 budget, but plant that has gone through weaker-than-expected economic including for sexual off ences, and [a] a harsh winter season, during which growth, which put a dent in the gov- mostly by weak economic growth in 2019. community aff airs unit to focus on the ground was hard and “leaves fell ernment’s aim to support employ- Due to these effects in 2018-19, revenue gender-based violence. Funds will be from the trees and the air was bit- ment and welfare. used to fi nance corruption fi ghting growth was 3.7% in the first half of 2019-20. terly cold”. Treasury predicts that the revenue units and to combat cybercrime,” “We stand at the end of winter. The shortfall trend will continue over the Gross tax revenue needed to grow at 10.4% Mboweni said. food cupboards are almost bare,” he next three years, with Sars expected this year to reach the 2019 budget estimate. told Parliament when he delivered to have an R84-billion shortfall in The treasury expects revenue growth to Road Accident Fund a wreck the medium-term budget policy 2020-21, ballooning to R144.7-billion accelerate to 6.4% for the fiscal year. The Road Accident Fund (RAF) is statement on Wednesday. in 2021-22. This can be attributed 6.4% projected to become the govern- to a poorly performing economy, as Expected revenue growth Graphic: JOHN McCANN Mboweni considers the South Compiled by: THANDO MAEKO ment’s largest contingent liability African economy as being at the tail well as gaps in the effi ciency of Sars’ for 2019-20 fiscal year Data source: TREASURY by 2021-2022, despite receiving an end of winter and at the beginning of capacity to collect revenue. ever-increasing share of combined spring, during which only hard work, Weaker economic growth, wide- fuel-tax revenues. Claims against discipline and consistency will result spread job losses, lower wages and the fund have grown much faster in fertile soil from which a fruitful smaller bonuses have also reduced Defi ciencies in the revenue collec- to fiddle with their taxes” by not than the increases in the fund’s fuel harvest will emerge. personal income tax collection. tion agency, as well as with various complying with the law. Kieswetter levy, resulting in insuffi cient rev- The South African Revenue Households have reduced consump- corporate governance and organi- noted, however, that Sars has made enue growth to off set the increase Services (Sars) is undergoing its own tion, which resulted in moderate sational failures identified by the significant progress in identifying in liabilities. In 2004-2005, the fuel winter. But sweeping changes to its value-added tax (VAT) collection. Nugent commission of inquiry, have criminal syndicates that engage in levy collections accounted for 22% of leadership, including the appoint- Reduced profi tability for businesses been behind the organisation’s fail- VAT fraud. combined fuel taxes; by 2018-2019, ment of commissioner Edward in a difficult trading environment ure to collect revenue effi ciently over “We need to place a huge focus on they had risen to 36%. The RAF’s Kieswetter, have sought to reinvigor- has resulted in lower-than-expected the Past couple of years. Mboweni compliance, investigation and bring- liabilities are expected to grow from ate the revenue collector into an effi - corporate income tax. says that he intends to table Nugent’s ing them to book,” he said. R341-billion in 2019-20 to R605- cient tax-collection agency. Nedbank senior economist Nicky fi ndings in Parliament next year. PwC economist Christie Viljoen, billion in 2022-2023. But after years of increases in tax Weimar says that the country’s weak “Achieving a more inclusive South who stressed that poor economic per- collections, more revenue from this economy has aff ected most business, Africa relies on honest taxpayers. formance is hampering the agency’s Mboweni stands fi rm on e-tolls source is limited. The tax to gross and that Sars is not an exception Without your taxes, South Africa ability to collect revenue. “Society Finance Minister Tito Mboweni domestic product (GDP) ratio stands in not meeting its targets “A lot of will never succeed. But you have told needs to be encouraged to comply says the e-toll system will remain as at 26.4%, which is at its highest in damage has been done at Sars over us that we must spend your hard- with the law, pay taxes and reduce it is and people should start paying nearly two decades. the last 10 years and reforms would earned money better, and we could tax avoidance. The reforms that are for them. He said the government Although the 2019 budget pro- be need to implemented in order not agree more,” he said. currently being implemented by has decided to retain the user-pay jected R10-billion in tax increases to place the revenue collector on At a briefing on Wednesday, Sars, however, will only bear fruit in principle when it comes to e-tolls. for the 2020-21 financial year, the a positive trajectory. Additionally, Kieswetter said the weak economy the long term,” he said. “Not paying your tolls has already government forecasts that Sars will the economy is not growing at all had a negative eff ect on public con- led to our roads deteriorating. We undershoot its revenue target by and that is reducing Sars’s ability to fidence in the tax agency and that Thando Maeko is an Adamela Trust have been unable to maintain the R52.5-billion, collecting only R1.37- widen its taxpayer base,” she said. “society tends to think that it is okay business reporter at the M&G network. I urge the nation to please pay your bills.” Mboweni said com- pliance needed to be strengthened: a culture of payment is necessary as government services can be sustain- Tito has state’s wage bill in his cross hairs able only if there is payment. State spends to cut poverty Tshegofatso Mathe that the number of government and we must call a spade a spade and capped at R700 000, value-added tax Total government spending is R6.3- employees peaked in 2012-2013 but not a big spoon,” he said. inclusive; a new cellphone dispensa- trillion over the three-year period, The government needs to trim the has since declined by 1.4%. On aver- In a statement released on tion will cap the amount claimable with 48% of the amount going earnings of its highest-paid employ- age “between 2006-07 and 2011-12 Thursday, Muthambi said the min- from the state; subsistence and travel towards social development, edu- ees, said Finance Minister Tito every public-service employee who ister’s remarks about her are untrue. allowances for domestic and interna- cation and health. Although there Mboweni, who sees a reduced wage left was replaced by 1.6 employees. “Mboweni must stop his verbal diar- tional trips will be scrapped and all is still more spending needed to bill as a key reform to get the state’s But, since 2012-13, more people have rhea and being hellbent on playing domestic travel will be on economy improve the lives of people in South fi nances back in order. left the public service than have been the blame games and start applying class tickets. Africa, the medium term budget pol- The proposals to address the prob- hired.” his mind on how he can better con- In the February budget, the minis- icy statement noted that the weak lem would cut the public sector wage The minister said the average wage tribute positively to South Africa than ter announced similar measures such economic growth, revenue shortfalls bill — which accounts for 35% of the increase across government was 6.8% boosting his pompous ego any fur- as early retirement without penalties, and rising spending pressures are consolidated national budget. in 2018-2019, adding that after adjust- ther,” the statement said. such as a reduction in the pension threatening the government’s abil- The minister said 29 000 public ing for infl ation the average govern- As a means to narrow the wage bill, fund payout. ity to maintain existing levels of servants — including members of the ment wage has risen by 66% in the the medium-term budget policy state- The cut was supposed to save R12- service provision and infrastructure national executive, MPs and MECs — past 10 years. ment will consider “pegging cost-of- billion but this number has since been investment. Over the medium term, each earned more than R1-million a In a media briefing before deliv- living adjustments [on yearly salary revised spending in the basic education sec- year. ering the medium-term budget on increases] at or below consumer price Other measures announced in tor will continue to focus on eradi- “After adjusting for infl ation, this Wednesday, Mboweni blamed the index infl ation, halting automatic pay February included reducing perfor- cating pit latrines and unsafe school is more than double the number increase in the public sector wage bill progression and reviewing occupa- mance bonuses and freezing the sala- structures. In higher education, of civil servants earning more than on former public service and admin- tion-specifi c dispensations for wages”. ries of MPs and MECs. some of the money will go to subsid- R1-million in 2006-07.” istration minister Mboweni said the government still “Early retirement savings are com- ing free higher education. In health, Salaries for civil servants have and former minister of co-operative needed to discuss these and other ing through slower than we origi- the portion of the money will go grown by about 40% in real terms governance and traditional affairs solutions with labour. An update will nally thought. We will reinvigorate towards improving the effi ciency of over the past decade. The spending Richard Baloyi, who signed agree- be announced in the 2020 budget. the early retirement programme,” he service delivery. Some of the money in this area has been driven by real ments that were “outside their He said future salaries of Cabinet said. allocated for social development will increases in wages and benefi ts rather mandates”. ministers, premiers and MECs could allow the government to continue than higher employment levels. “One of them has been made be adjusted downwards. Tshegofatso Mathe is an Adamela rolling out sanitary towels to learn- The treasury’s policy paper shows ambassador … this is unbelievable The cost of official cars will be Trust business reporter at the M&G ers from low-income households. Mail & Guardian November 1 to 7 2019 21 Business Heat is on for Sasol to transition

Executive pay should be linked to emissions reduction, shareholder activists say

Kevin Davie

t seems like just yesterday that share- holder activists pitched at Sasol’s annual general meeting in November 2018 to Ichallenge the company on its environ- mental and social compacts, in particular what they saw as its failure to provide stake- holders with adequate climate risk disclosure or to set greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction targets. Sasol refused, on the basis of legal advice, to table a resolution submitted by the Raith Foundation at the AGM. Business Day reported: “The resolution called on Sasol to prepare an annual report detailing how it is assessing and ensuring long-term corporate resilience in a future low-carbon economy.” Formed in 1950, the petrochemicals giant is the country’s largest industrial company with a market capitalisation of R188-billion and a major contributor to the fi scus in corporate tax. Its facilities at Secunda are also frequently cited as the leading single point of emissions globally. Acknowledging the growing global climate Cleaning up: Sasol has committed to reducing emissions from its coal-to-liquid plant at Secunda in Mpumalanga. Photo: Gianluigi Guercia/AFP emergency, Sasol on Tuesday released its Climate Change report, committing to “reduce “We continue exploring and pursuing fur- by 2030 the absolute greenhouse emissions A big greenhouse gas footprint is cut ther options, where feasible, including the use from our South African operations by at least of renewable energy, process optimisation and 10%, off our 2017 baseline”. Secunda generates most of Sasol’s greenhouse gas emissions ... feedstock changes. The most signifi cant future The report, Positioning for resilience in a improvements involve increasing the intake of low-carbon future, is dated June 30 2019 and 56 492 natural gas or switching to other hydrogen-rich is the company’s “first report aligning with Secunda kilotonnes feedstocks.” the recommendations of the Task Force on (kt) of CO2 Sasol says, though, that alternative feedstock Climate-related Financial Disclosures (TCFD)”. emissions availability is limited and constrains further Outgoing joint chief executives Bongani application in South Africa. It has ambitions to Nqwababa and Stephen Cornell, who were in 2019 change this situation by exploring for further sacked after a forensic investigation into the additional gas. delays and cost overruns at the company’s A report issued earlier this year by think-tank $13-billion Lake Charles Chemicals Project, say Climate Policy Initiative (CPI), Understanding in the report that “Sasol is reducing our green- ... but Sasol’s total emissions are being the eff ect of a low carbon transition on South house gas (GHG) emissions and is well aware of Sasolburg 5 297 reduced by energy and process Africa, considered various restructuring the need to develop solutions to the challenge options for Sasol’s Secunda plants, but con- of climate change. The exponential growth in efficiencies, much of them at Secunda cluded that the least-cost route will probably be North the body of scientifi c evidence and the related 1 665 to shut these down. call for action, has demanded all to accelerate America 69 250kt of CO2 Davies says Sasol’s climate report “is a much their responses.” Absolute emissions, 2016 to 2019 a more comprehensive acknowledgment of the The report says that success [in emissions Natref (inland risks posed by climate change to the company’s 67 632 reduction] “is necessary because we are one oil refinery) 1 221 67 412 long-term sustainability than we have seen of South Africa’s largest corporate employers, 66 558 before,’’ saying this is testament to the power biggest taxpayers, as well as a signifi cant con- of shareholder activism to shift corporate tributor to socio-economic development. These Mining 822 priorities. considerations underscore the responsibil- Sasol’s outgoing chair Mandla Gantsho ity we have to ensure that our climate change acknowledges in the company’s 2019 response is meticulously considered and Eurasia 717 The approximate Integrated Report that concern expressed by implemented”. amount Sasol has stakeholders at its 2018 AGM resulted in the It says Sasol’s climate change ambitions are reduced direct and company conducting “accelerated resilience to “reduce our greenhouse emissions, aligned and13% indirect emissions* since 2014 testing of our corporate strategy against vari- with global climate change agreements, trans- Mozambique 261 ous climate change scenarios, including the form our business to ensure resilience in a Agreement’s goal, which we support”. lower-carbon future, and shift our portfolio to Davies welcomes Sasol’s unequivocal Satellite 83 reduced and lower-carbon businesses”. operations acknowledgement and acceptance of the sci- 2016 2017 2018 2019 entifi c basis for human-caused climate change, ermann Wenhold, Sasol’s chief sus- and admission that its operations, particularly tainability and risk officer, says in Graphic: JOHN McCANN Data source: SASOL CLIMATE CHANGE REPORT 2019 Secunda, face major transition risks. “The Hthe report that to thrive, fundamen- report is a signifi cant step towards meaningful tal change is required. “This is why groundWork and Save the Vaal challenged Development Scenario (SDS) which, accord- climate risk disclosure, but it is only the start of we are implementing a three-pillar emission- Sasol on the issue at its 2018 AGM. ing to the Institute for Energy Economics & the journey,” she said. reduction framework focusing on reducing Just Share’s Tracey Davies says the compa- Financial Analysis (IEEFA), only gives us a 50% Sasol undertakes in the report to issue an emissions, transforming our operations and ny’s total global GHG emissions (CO2 equiva- chance of achieving the Paris goals,” she says. “emission reduction roadmap” by November shifting our portfolio, with the aim of posi- lent) in 2017 were 67 632 tonnes (based on “IEEFA also states that “success in the SDS 2020. “Our 2030 GHG reduction target and any tioning our business for a carbon-constrained current disclosures, approximately 95% of depends on carbon capture and storage (CCS) further targets emerging from the roadmap future. Sasol’s GHG emissions are from South African achieving commercialisation at scale by 2030”. development process will inform the incen- “By reducing emissions through alternative operations). tive targets for 2021, which will include a cli- feedstocks and technologies such as renewable She says this “target is not Paris-aligned, [but asol admits in its climate change report mate change target, the details of which will energy, we believe our products, produced in is] based on the probability of success of poten- that “we do not see opportunities for be determined by the remuneration committee an increasingly sustainable manner, will serve tial reduction opportunities, associated risks, Sthis technology [CCS] at the moment following discussions with our management an important market need, while addressing economic viability and balance sheet capability to meaningfully impact our emissions team. The roadmap, together with other stra- climate requirements.” to fi nance these activities”. profi le”. tegic priorities, form critical inputs in deter- Sasol says it reports “our GHG emissions Davies says the Sasol climate report outlines Sasol acknowledges in the report that the mining targets to be included in the incentive in accordance with the IPCC and the World the company’s preliminary assessments for chemistry of the coal-to-liquid process lim- plans.” Business Council for Sustainable Development “transforming [its] operations and shifting its the potential to “significantly reduce our But, says Davies, “given the scale of the issue, GHG Protocol. We measure, calculate and [its] portfolio”. She says, however, there will be process emissions from this plant, unless the and the pace at which we need to change if we report on direct and indirect emissions, with questions about the extent to which Sasol’s sce- feedstock is changed or solutions are found are to achieve the Paris goals, shareholders will 100% of these emissions verified by a third nario analysis is aligned with the Paris goals. to capture and use concentrated carbon diox- be asking whether Sasol’s targets are ambitious party.” “The company states that none of its cur- ide. Low-cost mitigation opportunities such as enough, and when achievement of emission Civil society organisations, including Just rent scenarios are fully aligned with the effi ciency improvements and process emission reduction targets will be linked to executive Share, the Centre for Environmental Rights, International Energy Agency’s Sustainable reductions have already been achieved. remuneration”. 22 Mail & Guardian November 1 to 7 2019 Business After the goldrush, coal addiction

Gold propped up apartheid, but it was Eskom déjà vu: Some parallels with SA’s apartheid-era economy depleted. The new fool’s Comparison of 10 points of similarity between the historic gold industry and Eskom now gold is coal. Neither brought economic South African gold during the last 20 years of apartheid Eskom over the past 12 years transformation 1 The “monopoly” government of the day 1 The monopoly electricity utility clings clung to power and resisted change to power and resists change COMMENT Clyde Mallinson 2 Gold was required as the currency to 2 Coal was required as the currency to generate electricity iven South Africa’s exchange for oil in embargo-breaking deals with horrendous externality costs exceptional mineral resource base, it is 3 Gold mining companies were encouraged, or rather 3 The utility was encouraged, or rather instructed, to keep Ginstructive to examine instructed, to maintain gold output at any cost the lights on at any cost what we have made of this endowment, in particular gold. Companies developed new shafts that were not economic The utility embarked on three ruinously expensive capital Gold mining started towards the 4 4 end of the 19th century, and was ini- on the back of tax concessions and a weakening projects and has run up debt of the order of R450-billion in tially focused in the Barberton area. exchange rate, in an attempt to sustain gold output an attempt to grow electricity output Things changed with the discovery of gold on the Witwatersrand, and 5 Tax from gold mines declined from 15% of total 5 Any potential profits or dividends due to the state quickly Johannesburg grew rapidly on the government tax revenue to 2% morphed into losses and bailouts back of these discoveries, as well as on the backs of a migrant labour force. 6 GST-VAT went from zero and increased steadily to 14% 6 VAT increased for the first time in the new democracy Apart from the break in production during the South African War (1899 7 Employment on gold mines increased from 320 000 in 7 Employment at Eskom has thus far increased from 32 000 to 1902), production rose steadily to 1974 to peak at 480 000 in the late 1980s although gold in 2006 to 48 000 at the present time, even though peak in 1940, with a small drop-off coincident with World War II. output continued to decline electricity output has declined As post-war gold production from the central Witwatersrand Basin was 8 The gold price in rand terms increased 11-fold8 The electricity price has increased 5-fold in 12 years declining, major extensions to it were discovered and large-scale mining of 9 The rand weakened 5.4-times against the dollar, 9 So far, over the 12 years, the rand has halved in value these areas was initiated, primarily in from being worth more than a dollar at R0.68 down to R3.67 against the dollar the West Wits and Klerksdorp areas, and the mines in the Free State. In the early 1990s there was a marked increase in the oil The period from the 1950s through 10 10 Unless there is a comprehensive restructuring of the elec- to 1974 heralded the golden years of price with an unusual decoupled decrease in the dollar price tricity sector and a relinquishing of the current monopoly, gold production, and South Africa of gold. The government had no more cards to play. It was the risk of utility and, indeed, RSA Inc bankruptcy looms consistently produced more than economically and politically bankrupt. Negotiations for a large. Let’s not wait out the full 20 years before liberating 50% of global production, peaking new democracy unfolded as it relinquished its monopoly the sector, and let’s make sure we avoid fool’s coal (aka clean at 62% in 1968. This was the equiva- lent of the fillet steak of our gold coal) ... never mind the IRP 2019 (Integrated Resource Plan) endowment, and we gorged on it. Much of the road, rail and electricity Annual gold production in SA Gold and electricity price increases Annual coal production in SA infrastructure was built during this Tonnes 1887 to 2017 Index in South Africa (indexed) Million tonnes 1889 to 2017 period. High growth rates fuelled an 1 000 12 300 ever-increasing gross domestic prod- 10 250 uct. Times were good, at least for the 800 Gold price enfranchised segment of the popula- 8 200 600 1974 to 1993 Eskom’s tion. An emboldened nationalist gov- (1974 = 1st on index) requested ernment rode the wave of this gold 6 150 400 tariffs bonanza, with gold mine taxes con- 4 100 tributing more than 12% of the total Opec and UN oil tax base. 200 2 Electricity price 50 embargoes on SA 2006 to 2018 (2006 = 1st on index) The Republic of South Africa was 0 0 0 instated in 1961 and the means were there to continue to refi ne the grand- 1887 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000 2017 1st year 5 10 15 20 1889 1901 1921 1941 1961 1961 2001 2017 scale sociopolitical experiment of of index Graphic: JOHN McCANN Compiled by: CLYDE MALLINSON apartheid. Money was not an issue. South Africa mined, processed and sold the very best portion of its gold moving forward, and attend to street was picking up the missing tab tion curve of an exhaustible resource. How about letting the rand slip a endowment when the gold price was an escalating oil-hungry military to the tune of value-added tax (VAT) The industry has shed three quar- bit, further increasing VAT, arrang- pegged at less than $42 an ounce. operation. at 14%. ters of the labour force, down from ing for tax rebates on new capital In 1971, the United States treasury It became necessary to procure oil The madness had to end. The coup 400 000 in 1994 to the current spend. Sound familiar? The problem cut the last threads that linked gold under the table. Suppliers willing de grace was delivered in 1991, when 100 000. This last phase of the gold is you can’t double down on 14% VAT and the US dollar. Within four years, to break the embargo did so on two the gold price slipped 5% and the oil production cycle has been sustained because an extra 1% has already been the price of gold had quadrupled conditions: they were paid a pre- price leapt up by 50%. All the govern- by a weaker rand. The rand price of introduced. Try increasing that and from $40/oz to $160/oz, sending the mium (who knows how much) and ment cards had been played, from gold increased 12-fold from 1994 to see what happens. South African economy into orbit. they were paid in gold and not rands, tax rebates and the removal of tax 2018, whereas the dollar price of gold This time around, South Africa’s Gold mines were taxed diff erently which could be printed at will. ring-fences to the fl oating of the rand has increased three-fold. liberation will not be a political liber- from other mines and businesses. Annual gold production shrunk exchange rate, and still gold produc- Even at these current high rand ation from an abhorrent social exper- A fairly sophisticated means of from a peak of more than 1 000 tion declined. gold prices, about 50% of the produc- iment. This time, South Africa stands taxation encouraged gold mines to tonnes in 1969 to 750 tonnes in 1974, The transition to a new democ- ing mines are marginal and continue to liberate itself from an addiction to lower the average grade when prices primarily as a result of the mines tar- racy ended the madness. Embargoes operating on the hope of a gold price coal. The externality costs associated increased, so as to maximise the long- geting lower-grade areas on the basis and sanctions were lifted and South increase or an ever-magically weak- with the production of electricity term extraction of the resource. This of the high gold prices and the tax Africa could suddenly trade pineap- ening rand. from coal are so vast that we tend to had the immediate effect of lower- formula. ples and mohair for oil. The legacy of the fool’s gold mines steer clear of anything approaching ing total gold output, although the Then the dollar gold price shed 20% False economics used in the con- is extraordinarily difficult to deal full accounting. After all, what cost a net income in dollar terms increased in 1975, triggering a switch to mining version of resource to reserve during with in a country beset by such high human life, what cost the planet? dramatically. higher grades again to sustain out- the last 20 years of apartheid, from unemployment rates. The advent of No more talking required. We have Then came the fi rst signs of trouble. put. But the fillet was gone, all but 1974 to 1993, created an illusion of ghost towns haunts, a frightening the solutions. This time around we In 1974 the oil price increased from depleted in the 1950s and 1960s. endowment. harbinger. have renewable liberation. It’s job $5 a barrel to $10 a barrel, which was There was still some good rump Since the democratic elections the Let’s turn our attention to coal min- accretive, costs less than the alterna- still manageable for an oil-importing and sirloin to be had, but try as it gold mining industry has struggled ing. Fillet gone — check; not much tives, has multiple times the value, country fl ush with gold dollars. But might, the industry was unable to to keep alive those mines and shafts rump and sirloin left — check; pro- frees up water resources and can at the same time, an oil embargo stop the inexorable decreases in gold that were primarily developed to pro- duction output past peak — check; lead to economic transformation that was placed on South Africa, a serious production. By 1993, gold mining, duce fool’s gold. One by one they have down to spare ribs and chuck — eluded us during political liberation. problem for a country that imported which had once provided up to 15% ceased operations and production check. The government is asking most of its oil requirements. There of the total tax base, was contribut- has moved back into its predicted (pleading?) for reductions in the coal Clyde Mallinson is a geologist who was the need to keep the economy ing less than 2%, and the man in the and rightful position on the distribu- price — checkmate. currently focuses on the energy sector Mail & Guardian November 1 to 7 2019 23 Comment& Analysis

Siya Kolisi’s Graphic: JOHN McCANN inspirational story is deceptive

Hard work alone doesn’t guarantee people will beat the odds of a deprived upbringing

sincere audiences who are moved when they hear of what he has had to Eusebius McKaiser overcome? I think the latter. A third story involves a black child from rural KwaZulu-Natal t is understandable but limited who worked as a trolley pusher and to be moved by stories of excep- a cashier at Shoprite before being a tional individuals overcom- brilliant law student in South Africa Iing incredible odds to achieve and in England who is now pursu- world-class feats. Four such ing a career as a lawyer. Ntokozo stories have been on my mind over Qwabe’s story, too, is moving because the past week. The first involves our the statistical odds of his younger self much-loved Springbok captain, Siya overcoming the violence of structural Kolisi. inequality and poverty were low. Yet In 2007, the young Kolisi had to he did exactly that. watch the Rugby World Cup final in But is being inspired the only way a tavern in Port Elizabeth because we should respond to his story? I he didn’t have a TV set at home. It think not. is statistically unlikely that someone It is this brilliant lawyer, Qwabe, living under such conditions of rela- who highlighted a fourth example tive deprivation could, within a short a few years ago that has stayed with space of time, become a national me. Every January we are moved rugby player about to lead his team to tears by stories of exceptional onto the field in a Rugby World Cup children who get brilliant marks in final. maths or science or across their mat- Your chances of doing that are ric subjects despite having attended much higher if you grew up with poorly resourced schools, perhaps So even if it is not our intention, ery. He would still have had to grap- innate potential. This is true, too, of an abundance of resources, and without parents at home or studying we must be careful to not imply that ple privately with the psychological the matriculant in Limpopo who gets had access to opportunity and the by candlelight. sheer hard work and positive mind- challenges of being an outsider who 100% for maths and science despite best coaches, from very early on. In The media parade these poor sets alone can guarantee success. didn’t belong to a cohort of mostly having no maths teacher and no sci- Kolisi’s case, the inspirational mes- achievers with an uncomplicated Society, and in particular the state, middle-class Grey High children ence laboratory. sage is that excellence and flourish- narrative that has a clear subtext must eliminate the structural injus- whose families had enough money ing are possible end-goals within and often an explicit moral: sheer tices that explain why many other and wealth to afford annual holi- t is okay to be inspired by people’s anyone’s reach regardless of the cir- hard work and a positive attitude can would-be Mhlomis will never reach days, more than one TV set, and good stories of defying the odds but cumstances of your early childhood. guarantee you success in life regard- their potential. nutrition and other goods, which Ithe more urgent duty we have is That’s a seductive lie. less of the structural conditions If we parade Mhlomi in front of the gave them the edge when compet- to be appalled that they even face A second example involves the under which you live. cameras every other month, it can ing against a from the such odds to reach their academic story of Dr Vuyane Mhlomi who is also give the impression that failure township. potential. running a couple of excellent start- ut is that the best way to is a choice on the part of the deprived We are so busy wiping our tears of In my immediate family, I was up companies that try to be game- read these inspirational child who never became a medical inspiration that we dare not disrupt the first to finish school, let alone changers in the health and educa- Baccounts of exceptional chil- doctor. the moment by paying attention to attend university. Now I live a flour- tion sectors. He also grew up under dren from deprived neigh- This uncritical narration of the structural analysis that complicates ishing life as a writer, analyst and conditions of poverty, in Cape Town, bourhoods beating the odds? overcoming biography is short- the inspirational narrative. broadcaster. But any potential self- and successfully managed against Being inspired by the overcoming sighted when it isn’t supplemented The same is true of Qwabe’s story. congratulatory impulse that rears the proverbial odds to get into the narrative isn’t something we should with a strong and urgent insist- How many attorneys and advocates its head is quickly nipped in the bud (UCT), feel bad about. But if we only feel ence that unequal distributions of in Sandton were cashiers at a super- when I recall the words of one of my eventually graduating as one of the moved and do not also think criti- resources and opportunity are injus- market? How many partners at law primary school teachers. Mrs Strauss top three medical students of his cally about these stories, then we will tices that must be smashed. firms had to beat such odds to end up told me that even though my marks cohort, before successfully complet- miss some important insights about The same is true of Kolisi’s and in the top leadership structure of the were good in grade 3, they were not ing both a doctoral degree and an the limits of these stories. Qwabe’s stories. I have seen almost companies they run? as good as my sister’s when she was MBA at Oxford University on a pres- Mhlomi is right that his story is no discussion raising the question It is tempting to ask a Qwabe to in her class two years before. My sis- tigious international scholarship. double-sided. It is a story that shows of why Kolisi did not have a TV set inspire children in under-resourced ter didn’t complete school. At a recent dinner, where he told a that one’s familial circumstances do at home. I have seen no reflection schools with a message that says, It is not true that I was more deter- truncated version of his biography, not need to fix one’s future outcomes. on what it means for a boy from a “You too can be like me.” But that is mined to excel or more talented there was heartfelt applause from The problem, however, is that no one township in Port Elizabeth to attend irresponsible if the story isn’t appro- than my sister. No child, including guests after his compelling account should have to be a statistical outlier, an elite school in that city where priately bounded. No one should my sister, should be expected to do of how his UCT degree was so impor- which is why there is another side to his rugby prowess would have been have to survive schools with pit the heavy lifting that the state and tant in the context of family striving, his story. exploited by the school’s PR machin- latrines, classes under a tree and no society should be doing to ensure all that that journey was not just about No poor child should have to be library and science laboratory. children have a chance to reach their personal achievement but about almost superhuman to break the Qwabe and Mhlomi are not excep- potential. guaranteeing that his family would curse of intergenerational poverty. tions. They are two of millions of Kolisi was lucky. Mhlomi was be able to move from conditions of That is an unfair and immoral bur- Society must talented South Africans — but two lucky. Qwabe was lucky. I was lucky. poverty to middle-class status. den to place on millions of black eliminate the who defied the logic of an antipoor We also worked hard. But luck and He reflected, very insightfully, on South African children who cannot and antiblack society by ending up hard work aren’t mutually exclusive. why the praise he gets for what he reasonably be expected to pull them- structural injustices in successful careers, not because of Luck needs to be supplemented with has achieved needs critical reflection. selves up by their boot straps, which that explain why their brilliance (even though they a caring society that gives every child Was he an exceptional poor black they were not issued with when they many will never are brilliant). They notched up these the opportunity to achieve. That is child whom others should emulate? were born into circumstances not of achievements despite the structural why we should be aware of the limits Is the moral of his story missed by their own making. reach their potential violence designed to choke their of inspirational stories. 24 Mail & Guardian November 1 to 7 2019 Comment & Analysis Amendment Bill Economic winter of discontent breaches copyright Parliament passed the Bill but the president e are a country that has had far too much of Big Man has, for very good politics, yet there are growing calls for President Cyril Ramaphosa to fill these shoes, to take robust action to reason, sent it back make his promised New Dawn happen. W His critics want him to bang the heads of ANC lead- INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY ers, to call them into line, or to do whatever it takes André Myburgh to rule. Economic reform now. There is growing frustration at the slowness of institutional reform, despite the cleansing of key institutions such as the he Copyright Act of 1978, South African Revenue Service and the National Prosecuting Authority, as last amended in 2002, well as clearing out the state capture crew from state enterprises But the new urgently needed updating. brooms, such as in the case of the NPA, are yet to sweep the manifestly cor- TBut the Copyright Amend- rupt into convictions. ment Bill passed by Parlia- Rather than wading into the economic rucks and mauls, we’ve been kicking ment earlier this year raises concerns for touch: buying time, instead of making the hard tackles and game-winning about whether South Africa is going yards. We’ve also been borrowing; hocking ourselves to the future, rather than to give it all away. making tough and unpopular but necessary decisions to get the economy going. “The free use of foreign copyright This week we found out just how awful the situation is. A bad economy, material is no substitute for a bold coupled with runaway debt mainly to feed insatiable state enterprises, means programme of enlisting and encour- Not right: There are major flaws in the Copyright Amendment Bill that revenues are down and expenditure up, the gap between the two ballooning: aging … scholars and writers to need to be fixed. Photo: Nobeastsofierce/Science Photo Library R3-trillion in public debt now will become R4.5-trillion within three years if produce the books we need,” Indian tough corrective action is not taken. scholar and university librarian NN copyright works can be copied, of the much-maligned 2013 Draft Finance Minister Tito Mboweni warned this week in his medium-term Gidwani wrote in 1968, and his state- adapted and placed online without Intellectual Property Policy for a budget policy statement that if not corrected, the country could end up in a ment is still relevant today. permission and without paying for it. statutory licence for reproductions debt trap, borrowing to pay the interest on debt. He wrote at the time of the The exceptions are in nearly seven and translations of written works Mboweni ran into severe headwinds from organised labour earlier in the last amendments to the Berne pages worth of text in single-line not available in South Africa, was year when he released his economic transformation document, aimed at Convention, the international treaty spacing, and have come through the similarly totally misunderstood. making it easier to do business. Some of these mooted reforms are included whereby copyright of nationals of entire legislative process virtually The document produced in in his medium-term budget policy statement, but such is the size of the all its 177 member states, includ- unscathed, despite incisive submis- Parliament as the assessment that approaching — and building — debt tsunami, that these will do little in the ing South Africa, is recognised in its sions from all quarters of the crea- the government prescribes for any time available to neutralise the clear and present debt danger. other member states. These amend- tive industries and the advice of all new legislation had no independent Ramaphosa is showing leadership by agreeing to freeze — and possibly ments introduced flexibility to allow the members of a panel of experts in research and was not published as it even cut — the salaries of senior government employees. Perks will also be member states to legislate their own copyright law, and despite the rest should have been, raising the ques- capped and in some cases reduced or taken away. copyright exceptions and statu- of the Bill having been substantially tion of whether it was even signed Treasury sees wage restraint by public sector workers as key to escaping the tory licences for reproductions and amended by the portfolio committee. off by the department of planning. It debt trap and hopes to conclude moderated wage agreements in the February translations of unavailable works, On the international stage, policy- may well be necessary to investigate budget. But trade union federation Cosatu did not immediately give much in response to demands by develop- makers see through these calls for whether the compilation of this doc- cause for hope on this front, saying it rejects treasury’s “continuous attacks ing countries. The object of the 1978 “users’ rights”, “recreators rights”, ument amounted to an abuse of the on the rights of nurses, teachers, police and correctional service officers, Copyright Act was to update it in line “decolonisation of copyright”, “infor- socioeconomic impact assessment cleaners, doctors to earn a living wage”. with the amended Berne Convention. mation justice” — call it what you system. Treasury would like to see asset sales. Briefing journalists, Mboweni said that Considering this, typifying the Act will. New legislation in the European The portfolio committee recog- a household will sell an asset to reduce debt. Treasury had such a sale (or sales) as being from the “apartheid era” Union vests internet platforms nised the Bill’s shortcomings and in mind, but this did not have the support of Ramaphosa at this time. needing “decolonisation” in support- with taking responsibility for copy- mostly wrote out the most egre- The quickest fix could be to sell an Eskom asset, but the special report ing the Bill (as Sanya Samtani did in right infringing material that they gious expropriative provisions. But released this week by the department of public enterprises paints a picture of “The new copyright Bill could help make available. Copyright excep- this still amounted to rewriting a much work still needed to be done before there can be any valuation of what unlock the doors of learning and cul- tions in the United Kingdom, the fundamentally flawed text. All the the constituent parts may be worth. Until then it is hard to see how any inves- ture”, Mail & Guardian, August 19) is EU and Japan facilitating the use copyright exceptions were retained, tor, public or private, could be brought in to fix its runaway debt problem. both unhelpful and misleading. of copyright material for artificial virtually unaltered, notwithstand- “Difficult decisions” have to be made, said Mboweni, kicking this economic The public discourse, whether intelligence machine learning vary ing the advice of every member of its can down the road to the February budget. He’s asked that we prepare for about fair remuneration and rights substantially from the adapted “fair own panel of experts that many of spring. Will Ramaphosa lead an exodus from the present economic winter? for creators and performers in the use” clause in the Bill. The recently- the copyright exceptions have con- digital era or legitimate demands for released model copyright law of stitutional implications, and are at relaxation of copyright rules in spe- the African Regional Intellectual variance with the Berne Convention cial cases, has been corrupted by red Property Organisation, an intergov- and other international treaties on Phone spying a threat herrings, straw horses and hidden ernmental organisation for co-opera- copyright to which South Africa is or agendas in the support for the Bill. tion on intellectual property between intends becoming a party. The expression of support for the mostly English-speaking countries As a result, the plight of creators Bill has metamorphosed over the in Africa (but not South Africa and and performers in South Africa — A little over a year ago, the Canadian non-profit Citizen Lab released a damn- two-and-a-half years since it was Nigeria), has none of the excesses the very reason the Bill was intro- ing report into the activities of NSO, an Israeli software development com- introduced. First it was for its cham- of the Bill, nor does the recent duced in the first place — becomes a pany. NSO makes a programme called Pegasus, which it sells to governments. pioning of so-called “users’ rights”, Copyright Amendment Act in Kenya. collateral issue that needs lip service, This programme is a powerful surveillance tool, allowing governments to spy something that does not exist in any Both the draft of the Bill published resulting in backers of the Bill egging on smartphones that have been infected with the Pegasus spyware. copyright statute in the world. in 2015 and its original version on provisions ostensibly meant to Citizen Lab’s research discovered infected devices have been traced to 45 When the original Bill’s astonish- introduced to Parliament in 2017 benefit creators and performers that countries, including some of the world’s worst human rights violators, such ing provisions granting royalties contained key provisions expropri- have no precedent in any other coun- as Saudi Arabia. Infected devices were also discovered in South Africa. The to users for their uses of copyright ating copyright for the benefit of the try and will be unworkable. alleged purpose of the programme is to prevent criminal activity, but many of works were removed by the previ- state, while giving rights of copyright South Africa needs to consider the devices belonged to journalists and human rights defenders. ous Parliament’s portfolio commit- away under the extensive copyright copyright in the creative economy This week, Facebook, which owns WhatsApp, announced that it would be tee for trade and industry, the nar- exceptions. The clauses meant to — those who create copyright works, suing NSO over what it describes as violations of United States law, as well as rative changed to “creators’ rights” implement the recommendations of those who invest in them and those WhatsApp’s terms of service (NSO denies any wrongdoing). and “recreators’ rights”, including the Copyright Review Commission who make them available and con- “This should serve as a wake-up call for technology companies, govern- the strange notion that copyright report of 2011 betray a fundamen- sume them — in a far more methodi- ments and all internet users. Tools that enable surveillance into our private exceptions would somehow benefit tal misunderstanding of what was cal way than the Bill has allowed, to lives are being abused, and the proliferation of this technology into the hands authors and artists who create works required to improve the position produce sound and even-handed of irresponsible companies and governments puts us all at risk,” said Will for a living. of musicians and authors. The rec- legislation. The president’s referral Cathcart, the head of WhatsApp. The “decolonisation of copyright” ommendation in the assessment of the Bill back to Parliament for very Facebook and WhatsApp (which Facebook owns) may appear to be unlikely is but the latest edition. The surpris- real reservations about its constitu- privacy campaigners, given Facebook’s record of harvesting and selling user ing thing is that these narratives are tionality will create that opportunity. data. But what is at stake now is whether governments should be allowed to expounded in support of the Bill by spy on their citizens with impunity. The answer must be a definitive no. the same people who claim pub- The exceptions André Myburgh specialises in copy- Software that allows governments access to the electronic communications lic support that all but disappears have constitutional right policy and legislation inter- of its citizens is a gross violation of the right to privacy, and fundamentally under scrutiny, and who have to find nationally. He was a member of the compromises the ability of journalists and human rights defenders to hold different rationalisations to support implications and panel of experts on the Copyright authorities to account. Any challenge to the likes of NSO and Pegasus can the same outcome every time the cir- are at variance Amendment Bill and advises the only be good for democracy — even if it comes from an unlikely source. cumstances change. Coalition for Effective Copyright, The Bill’s copyright exceptions will with international whose members have challenged M&G Media Ltd create new circumstances where treaties the constitutionality of the Bill Mail & Guardian November 1 to 7 2019 25 Comment & Analysis VERBATIM

“The new component that Owe are introducing … in monopolies it is important to have competition — if you don’t have competition, you don’t get the right price for whatever it is that you are producing.” — Public Enterprises Minister Pravin Gordhan speaking on the unbundling of Eskom on Tuesday.

“Look at what Cyril did to OMaimane. All of you are say- ing Helen Zille, Helen Zille. It is not Helen Zille, it is Cyril.” — Economic Freedom Fighters leader Julius Malema claiming that President Cyril Ramaphosa was the reason for the demise of Mmusi Maimane in the Democratic Alliance after the latter complained to the public protector about the head of state.

“The climate movement does Onot need any more awards. What we need is for our politicians and the people in power to start to listen to the current, best available science.” — Climate activist Greta Thunberg rejecting a 500 000 Swed- ish kronor environmental prize for her eff orts in fi ghting climate change.

“Minister Gwede ‘The Tiger’ OMantashe is said to have bribed journalists not to write a story. He denies this. The alleged misconduct of the minister under- mines our country’s democratic values. If ministers and leaders can admit to misconduct without consequences, this will normalise ANC plays a game of dodgeball unethical behaviour.” — EFF MP calling for the minis- ter of mineral resources and energy to step down following claims that he bribed journalists. The mayor of Durban his extramarital affairs. Gwede’s apparently Mantashed. Again. Now “There’s not a hell of a lot you avoids almost all the Gwede says that although he had Ocan change in your tactics in questions whereas told the newspaper’s editor that he two training sessions on a six-day paid off the two journalists, he didn’t turnaround. So you can expect Gwede ducks and dives actually do so. The office wants to pretty much the same from us amid his tiger tales know what the presidency — and the on Saturday.” — Springbok coach governing party — have to say about speaking on the all this. Rugby World Cup fi nal and the play- Thus far, not much. The party’s ing style his side will employ against Paddy Harper issued some mumbled statement England. about Gwede’s appreciation of free- dom of the media and the like. The South African National Editors YEARS uesday. Forum is also letting the matter slide. The reception area of The presidency has muttered a plati- AGO the mayor’s parlour in tude or two but has, not uncharacter- Tthe Durban city hall is istically, dodged the issue. bustling, but at the same This is mad. The party and the Armscor proposes to build a site time calm, as Mxolisi Kaunda’s staff presidency can’t ignore this. What in a remote part of the Northern prepare for the 10am executive com- Laughing it off: Cyril Ramaphosa appears unconcerned with the bribery Mantashe does with his penis, and Cape where the military — local mittee meeting. I’m early for my scandal surrounding Gwede Mantashe. Photo: Gianluigi Guercia/AFP his money, are between him, the and foreign — can dispose of old interview with the new mayor, which subject of his penile interest and weapons and explosives. One I’ve been hustling to get since he was Democratic Alliance headquarters administration and convincing vot- his better half. If Mantashe’s paying European state has expressed sworn in a little more than a month in Johannesburg, now that she’s ers and investors alike that the gov- bribes to extortionists working in the interest in exporting obsolete ago. The allocated time is only 30 the federal council chairperson? erning party knows what it’s doing. media, however, or lying to editors war material to South Africa. minutes, so I don’t want to cause any Perhaps Zille has already moved the Kaunda’s clearly aware that the to try and scare off journalists, then The suggested import of explo- delays. offices back to Cape Town, so that clock is running down. He’s not wast- there’s a very public problem. sives will fuel the controversy There’s a lot to talk about. she doesn’t have to venture into refu- ing any time, packing the words in. Either Mantashe is a liar, or he over proposals by the depart- Given the mayhem that his prede- gee territory, as it were. Renamed it There’s an added benefi t to this style paid a bribe to the journalists. ment of environment aff airs to cessor, Zandile Gumede, wreaked in Vryheid Huis, or something similarly of delivery. For him. I can’t get a Either he is corrupt, or his word relax a ban on imports of toxic the parlour — and the city — our man progressive. word in edgeways. I’ve had to aban- cannot be trusted. Either way, waste — and may breach the will have his hands full between now Perhaps. don the list of questions. If I’m lucky Mantashe should already have been Basel Convention which prohib- and the local government elections. We get going. Kaunda’s already I’ll get to ask two or three by the time issued with a notice of intention to its the export of hazardous mate- Durban is the last metropolitan coun- out of the blocks by the time I get my Kaunda’s minders pull the plug and suspend by both the ANC and the rials for “fi nancial disposal” from cil under governing party control. recorder on. Straight into a synopsis he heads into exco. presidency, while his actions are European countries to African The party slipped badly in the metro of what he’s done since September Kaunda stops for breath. properly investigated. This man is states. in the May national and provincial 6, when he was sworn in. Kaunda Eventually. I ask if he turned the responsible for the integrity of our Armscor offi cials say Swiss elections, so all eyes are on Kaunda. hardly stops to breathe as he lays security cameras back on when he mineral resources. If he lies to the authorities have expressed inter- Despite my early arrival, things down a barrage of facts and fi gures, moved in. Kaunda ignores the ques- media — or pays bribes — how can he est in exporting old explosives to are looking tight. Kaunda’s previous moves straight into the short- and tion, ploughs on. He fi elds the next be allowed to occupy such a responsi- the site if it is built — although engagement is running over time medium-term plans to stabilise the one about the eff ect of Gumede’s bid ble position? the feasibility was built at and already eating into my slot. The city, the long strategy for drawing to become ANC regional chairper- The lack of action by the presi- Armscor’s request. chances of him allowing me to delay investment while cleaning up the city son again, moves on to a wrap on the dency says one thing. Cyril The Swiss ambassador in the start of exco are pretty slim, so city’s economic future and then we’re Ramaphosa is clearly not interested South Africa, Roland Wermuth, I’m culling my list of questions as I done and he’s off to exco. in dealing with this mess. There’s an said informal discussions have sit waiting for the green light. I wander downstairs. I’m hungry. ANC national general council com- taken place between the Swiss I’m called inside. The mayoral Either Mantashe is The mobile goes. It’s the offi ce. I’m ing up next year. Ramaphosa will ministry of defence and Armscor office is massive, with a lovely also covering the fallout over the want the Tiger onside to help stave but added that his country was lounge area, where the mayor is a liar, or he paid the weekend claims that ANC national off any attack from secretary general examining other options. — The chilling on the couch. Kaunda looks journalists. Either he chairperson and minerals and Ace Magashule’s forces, so forget any Weekly Mail & Guardian, at home. For some reason, I start energy minister Gwede Mantashe intervention from the presidency any October 27 to November 3 wondering how Helen Zille’s set- is corrupt, or his word paid journalists from the Sunday time soon. 1994. tling in at Nkululeko House, the cannot be trusted. World R70 000 to kill a story about New Dawn my ass. 26 Mail & Guardian November 1 to 7 2019 Comment & Analysis San and Khoi claim benefi ts from rooibos

A groundbreaking agreement will see traditional knowledge holders of rooibos earn more than R10-million a year for their rights

AGRICULTURE ally what dominant cultures leave Rachel Wynberg behind them as they relegate the dominated to the shadowy status of Tea time: Cutting rooibos ransformation in the rooi- ‘people without history’.” on Melkkraal farm in the bos sector has been slow. Leaving aside questions of “who Northern Cape (above), The genocide of the indig- was fi rst”, it is indisputable that the bundles of rooibos ready for Tenous San people and the rooibos industry drew from tradi- collection (left) and workers virtual enslavement of tional use and knowledge, although getting the chopped up tea the Khoi people in rooibos-growing it likely evolved as a hybrid of diff er- ready to dry (below). The landscapes of the Cape centuries ent knowledge systems. industry is largely owned ago, coupled with a government- by white farmers, but a new controlled monopoly during the Benefi t-sharing agreement agreement means the San apartheid years, has led to a highly Driven by concerns that they would and Khoi people will derive skewed and fractured industry. not receive a license to operate if they some financial benefit. Today, this R300-million local did not have a benefi t-sharing agree- Photos: David Harrison enterprise remains in the hands of ment in place, the industry entered about 300 white commercial farm- into a series of protracted negotia- mixed-race descendants of European ers who cultivate 93% of the planted tions, facilitated by the department settlers, former slaves, and Khoi and area. About 200 small-scale coloured of environmental aff airs. In March San people, who do not easily iden- farmers — largely confined to the 2019, a benefit-sharing agreement tify as “indigenous”. However, this dryer, more marginal parts of the was finally reached between the could change. winter rainfall fynbos region — pro- rooibos industry, represented by the As one farmer remarked: “The duce only 2% of all rooibos tea. South African Rooibos Council, and [rooibos] agreement means that A benefit-sharing agreement traditional knowledge holders, rep- people are asking themselves who is announced today by the minister of resented by the South African San Khoisan. Everyone now wants to be environmental affairs — between Council and the National KhoiSan recognised as Khoisan.” the rooibos industry and representa- Council. The agreement also assumes that tives of San and Khoi organisations At the agreement’s core is an inhabitants of the Cederberg and — could signal the beginning of a annual traditional knowledge levy beyond are suffi ciently organised to change. More than R10-million a of 1.5% of the price that is paid by leverage benefi ts and be eff ectively year — depending on weather, vol- processors to farmers per kilogram represented. umes and the price of rooibos — is of harvested rooibos. After being This is certainly not the case for likely to be distributed to trusts set deposited into the government’s many people in the region who are up by San and Khoi organisations. bioprospecting trust fund, the levy unemployed and landless, working If implemented judiciously and will be paid in equal parts to the as farm labourers, displaced, resid- strategically, this could well change San Council and National KhoiSan ing elsewhere or not affi liated with the face of rooibos in South Africa. Council. “Rooibos indigenous farm- co-operatives. Where do they stand? ing communities” — defined as And what responsibility do the gov- Traditional knowledge “rural farming communities in rooi- ernment and others bear for ensur- Since 2010, San and Khoi organi- bos growing areas who consist of ing their inclusion? sations have demanded that the descendants of original Khoi-Khoi Creative ways could be found to 100-year-old rooibos industry rec- peoples” — are to receive a portion address these concerns. Among ognise the role that their traditional from the trust set up for the Khoi industry, but also because it could fl icts. The long and troubled history Khoi organisations funding might knowledge played in its develop- people although the exact propor- bring significant material benefits of these oppressed communities has be used, for example, to purchase ment. A 2014 government-sponsored tion has not yet been determined. to indigenous San and Khoi people, included dislocation, fracturing of land for rooibos production by col- report concluded that there was “no Non-monetary benefi ts will also be many of whom remain marginalised family and community structures, oured and black farmers, and thus evidence to dispute this claim” and “explored” and could include the cre- and poverty stricken. and the undermining of people’s begin to shift patterns of ownership. required those involved in the rooi- ation of employment opportunities, Such promises, linked in particular own initiatives. Funding might also be used to pur- bos sector to engage with San and bursaries, development schemes, to traditional knowledge of plants, The presence of strong, effective chase equity in the industry, and Khoi people to negotiate a benefi t- mentoring and the facilitation of have long been in the offing, but and transparent governance struc- thus begin the much-needed process sharing agreement as required by livelihoods. have never quite materialised in the tures and sound external support of transformation. “access and benefi t-sharing” provi- The agreement is a landmark, not form of anything substantial. The will be essential to manage con- Among San organisations, located sions of the Biodiversity Act. These only because it acknowledges the succulent plant hoodia, for example, flicting priorities proactively and hundreds of kilometres from roo- stem from the United Nations indisputable contribution made touted as a miracle anti-obesity drug, ethically so that real benefits can ibos-growing areas, priorities are, Convention on Biodiversity and its by traditional knowledge holders formed the basis for a benefi t-shar- be derived by all of the intended however, likely to be more localised Nagoya Protocol. towards the establishment of the ing agreement between the Council benefi ciaries. rather than centred on the transfor- The industry’s initial position was for Scientifi c and Industrial Research Important questions have also mation of the industry. that there was no convincing evi- Nieuwoudtville and the South African San Council. been raised about who the agree- At a time when the voices of indig- dence of San and Khoi traditional Suid Bokkeveld But the agreement amounted to very ment does not include. In contrast enous peoples and local communi- knowledge of rooibos tea, and that Vredendal little when clinical trials revealed to the proactive position that has ties are increasingly trammelled it would not be open to entering negative health eff ects. been taken by San and Khoi organi- elsewhere, the agreement is a pio- into a benefit-sharing agreement. Strandfontein Other indigenous, plant-based sations, many harvesters and small- neering step for South Africa. Its Klawer It also dismissed the government agreements linked to pelargonium, scale farmers in the areas where potential use as a model for other report as lacking credibility, and Lamberts Bay Clanwilliam buchu and kanna have brought rooibos has formed a central part indigenous plants, such as honey- commissioned its own research. community benefi ts, but nothing in of livelihoods and cultures for dec- bush and buchu, is already under C This research indicated a “record of e the order of that anticipated from ades remain oblivious of their rights discussion. Getting it right could not Elandsbaai d absence” of rooibos uses in precolo- e rooibos. under the Biodiversity Act. be more important. r b nial and early colonial times. e Although small-scale rooibos pro- r Such insights are, however, not g The road ahead ducer communities of the Cederberg Rachel Wynberg is a professor in necessarily conclusive. San and That the agreement off ers restora- and Suid Bokkeveld are nominally the department of environmental Khoi people were part of an oral cul- Graphic: JOHN McCANN Piketberg tive justice is undeniable, but the included in the agreement as part of and geographical science at the ture and the absence of a historical Saldanha road ahead is far from smooth. the Khoi people, this assumes that University of Cape Town where she record does not convincingly prove W. CAPE Questions of how exactly benefits such communities identify with con- holds a South African research chair anything. As historian Nigel Penn 20km Rooibos growing areas will be shared at a local level remain temporary Khoi political structures. on the bioeconomy. Visit: www.bio- observes, “Recorded history is usu- unresolved, and could result in con- These coloured farmers are typically economy.org.za Mail & Guardian November 1 to 7 2019 27 Comment & Analysis Holistic approaches to ending violence

Gender-based violence and xenophobia need to be addressed through approaches that take account of people’s emotions and trauma

SOCIETY Xolile Professor Zulani, Antonia Michaela Porter & Peter John Christians

he international spotlight on South Africa has sub- sided, but gender-based Tviolence continues; as do challenges for foreigners and refugees, who were evicted on Wednesday from their protest camp outside the United Nations High Commission for Refugees in Cape Town by police with stun grenades and rubber bullets. Following global attention last month, the government put cer- tain measures in place: no more bail for rape suspects; the military was redeployed to deal with gang- sterism in the Western Cape; and President Cyril Ramaphosa formally apologised to Nigeria’s President Muhammadu Buhari for xenophobic violence towards Nigerians. But these are reactive and super- ficial measures. If gender-based, The heart of violence: A soldier secures the perimeter of a police operation against gangs in the Cape Flats. But, according to the authors, xenophobic, and gang violence is if gender-based, xenophobic and gang violence is to be curbed, we need more than policies and diplomatic apologies. Photo: Marco Longari/AFP to stop, we need more than policies and diplomatic apologies. We need For one of us, a former gangster grew up with a lot of violence around and robbery. But these workshops based violence should be spent on. psycho social approaches that rec- who was incarcerated for murder me — at home and in the streets. If changed me. I took responsibility After severe xenophobia in 2008, ognise the pain of disenfranchise- at 18 years old, and who now facili- it were not for AVP and other pro- for myself. I realised that the people Alternatives to Violence Project ment; that heal, and build trust tates Alternatives to Violence Project cesses that led me to think about I was robbing had their own fami- workshops were held in refugee and empathy across difference. We workshops, this project has been my masculinity, I might have raped lies and I didn’t want to do that to camps with positive results. But need proper redistribution of eco- the path out of violence into a com- her.” them. Through GER I also developed there were not enough resources to nomic power and land, for this vio- pletely new life. Harmful masculinities are at the empathy for LGBTQI communities, continue. lence is the legacy of apartheid and “I thought after the first workshop core of many kinds of violence. who I used to judge. I now facilitate Other powerful programmes, patriarchy. that if only I had known these tools, Helping men to emotionally connect in South Africa and Kenya.” run by Cape Town-based non- We write as three peace and gen- I would never have murdered my with themselves and others is crucial We are not suggesting these pro- governmental organisation the der equality practitioners of differ- mother’s partner and ended up in to stopping it. This is particularly cesses can “cure” or end violence. Southern African Development and ent cultures, genders, “races” — and, prison. I wondered why programmes important in South Africa, where But they can help to heal people, and Reconstruction Agency, address in many ways — different worlds. like AVP aren’t available to young colonialism and apartheid have left a prevent it. As one of us explains. xenophobia through conflict reso- Two of us were once inmates in people. In the Cape Flats ‘coloured’ legacy of violent, almost militarised “As a woman I felt pained by lution processes. These approaches prison; another of us worked there. community I come from, many peo- masculinities. everyday male objectification, and should be held widely with migrants But we share a conviction about ple walk around with anger and Research finds that during colonisa- that women’s bodies and our sexu- and locals together, including local what helps to stop violence and resentment that they don’t know tion, certain features of British patri- alities — even in subtle ways — are community leaders. Regarding injustice. We know this profession- how to deal with. It is so easy to re- archal masculinities were incorpo- still treated as a form of currency. gangsterism, rolling out these initia- ally, and from our own histories offend, but these tools helped me rated into Southern Africa. But this is I saw that conforming to main- tives in the Western Cape and else- of perpetrating or experiencing recognise the good in me and the rarely discussed, because it challenges stream physical ideals of the female where will be much cheaper than violence. good in others.” mainstream Western discourse that body gave women a strange kind the more than R23-million anti- One approach is the Alternatives Southern African men are more patri- of power; but not to do so made us gang military intervention currently to Violence Project (AVP). The pro- here haven’t been enough archal than European men. invisible. under way, and infinitely more gramme’s workshops create com- resources for comprehen- Unprocessed trauma is also at “Even this power seemed repulsive successful. munity and trust through sharing Tsive evaluations of these the heart of violence. So often, as to me because it was never really Implementing this work requires stories of physical or emotional vio- processes in South Africa. our own stories reveal, men perpe- ours: it is whisked away at a cer- not just money but political will lence. In a workshop you may find But one study found that 88.5% trate violence because they have tain age or body size. I felt grief and across government, business, and rival gangsters who have occupied of Alternative to Violence Project experienced huge amounts of pain even hatred towards men, and their civil society. It also requires willing- the same cells for years sharing sto- participants have not re-offended, that they have not dealt with. But ability to dehumanise us. I also saw ness to get into the messy business ries that have never been spoken measured three years after release because norms of masculinity dis- how objectification can be a first of emotions, as we reflect on our per- aloud, let alone to each other: experi- from prison. They can also help stop courage men from seeking help to step towards brutalisation. But GER sonal and political histories, which ences of growing up in homes with gender-based violence, as one of us heal, and instead to turn to alcohol allowed me to express this and be often hold so much pain. All this domestic violence, or broken family learned firsthand. or substance abuse, cycles of vio- heard. In turn, I heard men speaking sounds demanding, ambitious, and relationships. “I recently told my wife, who I love lence continue. Trauma is a key fac- about the pressures of patriarchy to expensive — and it is. Gender Equity and Reconciliation dearly, that I had cheated on her. tor in addiction. be tough, ‘together’, and successful. I But it is far more expedient than (GER) is a similar but more intense She is devastated. Our relationship Patriarchal conditioning, trauma, began to see men as human again.” the state expenditure required to process that brings ordinary people is extremely rocky while she decides and alcohol often intersect to pro- Surprisingly few GER and AVP address the fall-out of xenophobic, together in a carefully facilitated whether to stay with me. We haven’t duce a lethal cocktail of gender- workshops happen. Despite their gender-based and gang violence. space to reflect on their gender con- been physically intimate since I told based injustice and violence. The effect, they are still seen as “soft” and It also offers a real opportunity ditioning, and share stories within her. I lie in bed next to her at night, Alternatives to Violence Project and are not properly resourced. to build a peaceful, nonviolent, and and across gender groups. In so and it’s not easy. Gender Equity and Reconciliation just society, in which citizens can doing, it tackles the very roots of “As men, we have been condi- include healing processes and tech- t is time for that to change. A undergo collective healing, without patriarchy. tioned to believe that it’s our ‘right’ niques that can transform harmful series of Alternatives to Violence fearing for their lives. How do these processes help? They to be sexual with our partners and masculinities and address trauma, Project and Gender Equity and I A shorter version of this article transform perceptions of “other- that it’s a wife’s ‘duty’ to ‘satisfy’ us. I interrupting these cycles. Reconciliation workshops and ness” and build empathy as people For one of us, who served eight other such approaches should be was published in The Guardian speak about and hear each other’s years for armed robbery, these pro- rolled out across the country: in last week. Xolile Professor Zulani pain, fears, and hopes. They help cesses led to abandoning violence. local communities, police and law facilitates GER and AVP workshops people develop a capacity for emo- Patriarchal “As a boy, without parents, look- enforcement, businesses and corpo- in South Africa and Kenya; Antonia tional awareness that extends into ing after cattle in rural Eastern rates, tertiary education institutions, Michaela Porter is an interdisci- their lives, initiating a healing pro- conditioning, trauma, Cape, beaten by other boys, pain and prisons, together with impact plinary practitioner, whose multi- cess that is vital to stopping violent and alcohol often and isolation created a hardness in evaluations. media project on masculinities is at or discriminatory behaviour. me. Although I was a gentle child, This is the kind of work that www.stillfiguringout.com; and Peter This may smack of a khumbaya intersect to produce I developed a violent masculinity the R1.1-billion that Ramaphosa John Christians is an AVP facilitator idealism, but the effects are real. a lethal cocktail and began cash-in-transit heists committed to fighting gender- and performer 28 Mail & Guardian November 1 to 7 2019 Education Develop socially responsible students through engaged research

COMMENT sive, active citizens and leaders One of the projects in which sev- older people and those affl icted with seek out the university’s experience. Tawana Kupe working for positive change. A uni- eral of our disciplines are involved mental illness, are research partici- Currently, UP is the only African versity education needs to be focused is Pathways Out of Homelessness. pants and fi eldworkers. They receive university on the global University The University of Pretoria (UP) des- on knowledge as a catalyst for social, Our researchers and partners are training and are paid. They col- Social Responsiveness Network — ignated October as the month of environmental and economic inno- doing research with homeless peo- lect and interpret the data with our an international group of the top social responsibility. The aim was vation and change for the benefi t of ple in Pretoria’s inner city suburbs to researchers. 15 universities in the world in this to raise awareness about the posi- the whole society. Several universi- understand their complex realities. Community engagement and field — and is represented on the tive work achieved by universities ties in South Africa stand out for this. The research is designed to improve social responsibility is not an “add Talloires Network: international through social responsibility and At UP, 30 000 of our students this policy, budget and practices in deal- on”; it is a core role and responsibil- associations of universities commit- community partnerships. These pro- year — 45% of our total number of ing with the growing problem of ity of higher education. European ted to strengthening the civic roles jects and programmes mobilise the students — are directly involved in homelessness. Union and Asian countries made and social responsibilities of higher expertise and resources of universi- community projects and practical It’s called engaged research legal provision in 2015 that all education. ties to address the myriad challenges work as part of their curriculum. because it is not conducted about universities in member countries The QS World University Rankings facing our society. And more than 126 of our student people, it is conducted with them. have to be involved in community recognise the importance of this, and At the same time it is about educat- organisations are involved in volun- In this project, current and formerly engagement, and they regard UP as have developed the QS Stars rating ing students to be socially respon- tary social responsibility projects. homeless people, including students, a world leader in this approach and to advance an empirical understand- VUT should become a university that fosters student entrepreneurs

COMMENT in huge numbers of unskilled labour- Teboho Pitso ers losing their jobs. This era marked the rise of service The Mail & Guardian, in its report and knowledge industries that cre- on the resignation of Professor ated new employment opportunities Gordon Zide (“VUT vice-chancellor but also demanded new, multiple retires early”, October 18), char- skill sets. In response, technical col- acterised the Vaal University of leges became technikons to meet the Technology (VUT) as an institu- demands of the new economic dis- tion struggling to position itself at pensation. The Vaal technikon was a particular historical juncture as based on the pedagogical model of it moves into an era of digitisation, knowledge and experiential learn- interconnectivity, virtualisation and ing, and recruited industry experts automation. as lecturers. Such a claim warrants a response, The post-apartheid era sought to particularly from an insider. increase access to higher education Universities essentially provide for previously disadvantaged groups. research and skills development. This allowed them to gain certain At the turn of the 20th century, all skill sets sellable to the labour mar- universities in South Africa started ket as apartheid economic activ- off as providers of technical ability, ity — a huge resource accumulation especially to the mining sector. The project — shifted towards serving a VUT, like other technical colleges, democratic dispensation. was founded in the mid-1960s. Its The technikon sector experienced mandate was to provide particular a serious identity crisis and vari- skill sets for the intermediate level ous models were mooted until they of the economy as economic activ- became universities of technology in ity began to shift from the indus- 2004. The aim was for these institu- Graphic: JOHN McCANN trial age towards the post-industrial tions to off er technical skills through dispensation. a pedagogical model that was touted ligence, the internet of things and knowledge worker is a threatened These skills would enable students The distinction between economic as better and more practical. But big data analytics. All of these tech- species because everything that and staff to become capital value paradigms is important to better the conversion into universities of nologies vitiate the human role in defi nes their work is under pressure. creators, not only for the institution understand how they influenced technology did not include any par- economic activity and thus ren- They are expected to deliver measur- but also for themselves. They can choices about which skill sets should ticular specifi cs about the required der the project of skills develop- able results while their resources are then leave as independent entities be developed at these institutions skill sets to feed the labour market. ment in higher education complex, reduced. capable of participating in the main- and to what particular end. At the same time, economic activ- uncertain and highly problematic. Research is no longer the sole pre- stream economic activity as active The technical colleges of the 1960s ity was shifting towards productive This has given rise to an increase serve of the academic worker, who actors rather than as acted-upon became technikons in about the diversity that demanded a lifelong in graduate unemployment and is also no longer the source and workers. 1980s when the advent of the post- learning approach for workers (new underemployment. custodian of knowledge. Instead My sense is that unless we refocus industrial era started to aff ect how and existing) to keep up with rapidly But the myth that certain specifi c machine-based, online off erings are our energies on what matters, the the workplace was structured and changing technology and the nature skills, based on traditional com- increasing and chatbots, as well as VUT could forfeit the opportunity demanded new sets of skills. The of the workplace. petency requirements, are central other artifi cial-intelligence-enabled of becoming a leading institution in industrial age required minimal In all of these changes, the fun- to the 21st-century labour markets technologies, are taking over exist- its sector. In becoming an entrepre- technical knowledge and less than damental neoliberal plinth of eco- persists. In the 21st-century, human- ing knowledge off erings. neurial university, the VUT will do 1% of the workforce needed more nomic activity was generally ignored based economic activity is dwindling The march towards artifi cial intel- what it is good at, given its staff com- than one year of training. The rest and higher education institutions fast. The persistence of the myth that ligence-enabled personalised learn- plement and student composition, of the workforce were semi-illiterate increasingly became implicated in acquiring certain competencies will ing and big data research is inexo- with the latter drawn mostly from cheap labour drawn mostly from the generating income inequality and a help our students to secure employ- rable and only those institutions lower socioeconomic brackets. townships. socially unjust democratic society. ment is unfortunate and appears to that adapt will survive the digital There may, thus, be some degree of This explains why technical col- The increasing casualisation serve the interests of the knowledge era. I have been arguing since 2013 legitimacy in some of the issues Zide leges such as the VUT (the Vaal of work was not significantly cri- worker in higher education. The that the VUT should change its cur- raised in his resignation and the uni- Triangle Technical College at the tiqued, although some academic rent character and march towards versity could benefit from holding time) serviced mostly white stu- voices emerged alongside those of becoming an entrepreneurial genuine and robust debates about its dents; they would be the ones to the workers’ unions in this respect. university. current state and future possibilities. assume middle-management techni- Although these voices have been The march towards I define an entrepreneurial uni- In this way, the interest of students cal and engineering positions. The able to slow down the march of neo- artifi cial intelligence- versity as an institution that cre- and society will trump any other post-industrial era that began in the liberalism, they have not stopped it. ates conditions in which students considerations. early 1970s required a diff erent set of The hegemony and ideologi- enabled learning and and staff can become the best they skills. Many jobs were being taken cal stances of neoliberal economic research is inexorable can be through developing critical Dr Teboho Pitso works for the over by big machines, which marked activity remain largely intact. They and only institutions thinking skills, creativity, innova- Centre for Innovation and the onset of production automation. increasingly leverage technologi- tion, emotional intelligence and Entrepreneurship at the Vaal This economic development resulted cal advances such as artifi cial intel- that adapt will survive complex problem-solving abilities. University of Technology Mail & Guardian November 1 to 7 2019 29 and strong community partnerships

ing of community engagement and Mamelodi’s Alaska township is a hearing through the 3D-printed mid- tiary institution. The initiative has their future when they go to school. social responsibility, and how uni- multi- and transdisciplinary com- dle ear transplants innovated at UP a fi ve-tier programme that involves The university has some of the versities can and should be imple- munity engagement hub in which all to addiction treatment, sustainable learners during their entire high brightest minds using their skills to menting actionable progress. The QS faculties are involved, including psy- agriculture and aff ordable nutrition. school career. The five areas are: fi nd solutions for society’s problems Report states that social responsibil- chology, social work, geology, engi- The university has several pro- leadership development and mentor- and to advance new ways of being. ity is best understood as the idea that neering, health sciences (medicine, grammes with high schools in disad- ship; academic support and tutor- They are committed to social justice organisations, institutions and indi- nursing, occupational therapy, phys- vantaged areas to ensure that greater ing; fi nancial education and bursary and sustainable growth; to Earth- viduals have an obligation to act for iotherapy, nutrition and radiology). numbers of matrics can attend support; human development, as friendly initiatives that give back to the benefi t of society. They work together with residents, higher education institutions. UP’s well as application support. the planet. The university is acutely The University of Pretoria sees healthcare workers and clinics to students contribute to this through In addition, veterinary students aware that people’s actions today itself as an anchor institution in its provide a holistic service. The same is the Tuks Leadership and Individual are involved in rural vaccination have a ripple eff ect on our collective communities, with a direct eff ect on done in Zama-Zama and Plastic View Programme. This is a student-run, stations; occupational therapy wellbeing and future. the local economy, the safety and informal settlements, and at the nonprofi t initiative that works with students work with parents and security, wellbeing and sustainabil- Pop-Up Clinic of Salvokop. The fac- promising learners from four under- toddlers on the importance of Professor Tawana Kupe is the ity of our people and environment. ulties identify common health issues resourced Pretoria schools. The pri- play in children’s development, vice-chancellor of the University BuildFor example, Viva Village bond in and address these between — from improving mary goal is to get themscience into a ter- not only as toddlers and but also for societyof Pretoria

New ideas and We need to think about the con- sequences of the rapidly increasing technologies can world population and the stresses provide solutions but this places on resources, which is already resulting in a power struggle in unethical hands over them, with the ensuing growing they can be dangerous disparities between rich and poor nations. The future of the human COMMENT race depends on us finding more Nithaya Chetty intelligent answers to our difficult questions, and here our researchers he country’s universi- have a central role to play. ties are grappling with With the rapidly increasing world a number of problems, population one can conclude that, Tmany of which are inher- purely from a statistical viewpoint, ently South African in each life is becoming less signifi cant. character and by nature parochial It should concern us that this could but critically important nonetheless. imply a growing threat for unethical The worldwide environment for behaviour towards our fellow human research and higher education has beings. The worldwide environment changed markedly compared with for cruelty toward our fellow inhab- barely a generation ago, and it is not itants on this planet is set to grow. clear how South African universities We should think deeply about this are giving sufficient attention to the and how we academics can try to broader international contexts in counter these tendencies before we which they are working. self-destruct. Many of our universities have long History will show that so much has been in a fragile state of stress. This been accomplished in science by so has made for an acrimonious, in- few with so little over the past 100 ward-looking environment that is years. This period has been unprec- often lacking in trust between the edented in the history of the human many diff erent voices in and outside race, but it does raise unrealistic the university. It will do us well to expectations that new scientifi c ideas look above the parapet to consider Graphic: JOHN McCANN and technologies that are in dire what is going on beyond our imme- need to solve our new problems for diate needs and wants, or we will the 21st century will emerge just as forever be trapped as a “second-class the internet has not been suffi ciently cal change. It will do our academics wellbeing and for national security. easily. Wrong! nation, chained forever to the tread- tested for truth. For universities, well to contemplate the pros and Open-ended, unfettered science Our universities are working under mill of feeding and clothing our- which should pride themselves on cons of open access. in its purest form has, over the cen- tight fiscal constraints in which selves”, as the 1996 White Paper on uncovering the truth, this is debili- It should concern us that there turies, been pursued in the interest we are increasingly being asked to Science and Technology stated. tating. It is also becoming more dif- are enormous disparities in science of understanding nature in a fun- do much more with much less at a Well beyond our immediate con- fi cult to counter plagiarism and pro- around the world, which demands damental way, and long may that time when we are under enormous fines, the challenges for science in tect intellectual property. that we need to think more deeply continue. Scientific ideas and dis- pressure to aspire to be world class. the 21st century are immense and are about how we can develop science coveries have often been successfully Science needs much more sup- set to grow. A real problem we face cross a majority of dis- more extensively on a global scale for exploited for commercial gain and port for the public good. We need a is that truth is increasingly being ciplines, we are moving the common good of all of humanity. for societal improvements, and much stronger bond between science and undervalued, and scientifi c research Ainto the era of large data The big science questions need of the science system today the world society or else we will fall behind in is becoming politicised, for example sets. We need a smarter big — meaning expensive — research over is designed to push scientists terms of our own development. in the context of climate change. means of mining data intelligently infrastructures. This calls for large in the direction of more relevance. In striving to be nationally respon- It is a problem that the effort for research purposes and for deci- multidisciplinary teams and multi- Usually, that eff ect has been positive, sive and world class, we must be con- required to advance knowledge for sion-making. An increasing number national collaborations. How can we but not always. nected with the global environment societal benefi t is not always under- of researchers across the disciplines participate more effectively, espe- that frames science. We should be stood and appreciated. The need for need to become much more involved cially from the southern tip of Africa? here has been collateral consolidating and setting the foun- an independent, critical academy is in the methods of data science. I This is where the rest of Africa is fall- damage and unintended dations at our universities, so that not always appreciated either; on the doubt that this is happening quickly ing behind because there has been lit- Tconsequences along the way, we can build a stronger basis to be contrary it is often seen to be a threat enough. tle commitment from them to invest for example, plastics in our world-class. A successful and pros- in many autocratic regimes. The worldwide science system has in scientifi c research infrastructures oceans, and other harmful eff ects on perous South Africa depends on a Most, but not all, citizens of the become enormous and this fl ood of and in people’s development. This our environment. The military has modern, scientifically literate and world have free and easy access to information is overwhelming. We will continue to hold Africa back in been a strong supporter of science. technically competent workforce, information, which begs the ques- need smarter ways to stay connected. terms of its development. Here, science has been driven in par- and in here our universities have a tion: Are our universities becom- It has fi nally dawned on academics We are globally connected though ticular ways to gain superior might. central role to play. ing less relevant? They will be if we and universities that they should not the internet, which means that we Many authoritarian states have do not adjust our educational and be paying such exorbitant costs to are also susceptible to a new threat invested signifi cantly in a very nar- Nithaya Chetty is professor of phys- research systems accordingly. It is access publicly funded research and of international terror that relates to row set of scientifi c endeavours and ics at the University of Pretoria and becoming difficult to discriminate in so doing enrich large corporations. breaches in cybersecurity. We need technologies with a singular purpose dean-elect of the faculty of science between real and bogus information The world of publications in this age to invest in our own programmes to in mind. Science in the wrong hands at the University of Witwatersrand. because much of the information on of the internet is in a process of radi- interrogate cybersecurity for our own can be catastrophic. He writes in his personal capacity 30 Mail & Guardian November 1 to 7 2019 National Institute for the Humanities and Social Sciences

Minister of Higher Education, Science and Innovation, Dr Bonginkosi ‘Blade’ Nzimande celebrates with graduates at the NIHSS Gala evening. The gala dinner coincides with the 200th NIHSS graduate milestone Humanities reach new milestones

Anele Ngcoya of Fort Hare (UFH), University of Venda (Univen) and University of Limpopo (UL).” he 2019 Annual Doctoral The number of doctoral candidates and Conference, held on October 29 the diversity of the research projects that the and 30, was the National Institute NIHSS is involved in are of high relevance; Tof Humanities and Social Science the research they are conducting has exten- (NIHSS)’s biggest and boldest sive application for furthering economic and instalment yet. It celebrated close to 79 new social development on the African continent. PhD graduates, the launch of the NIHSS She lauded UKZN for encouraging thinking, Doctoral Alumni Forum and the introduction processing and writing in African languages of the NIHSS app. There were multiple paral- in academia. In the spirit of celebrating and lel research discussions, panel presentations creating new stories from a South African per- and a gala dinner attended by the Minister of spective, Mosoetsa concluded her introductory Higher Education, Science and Innovation, Dr remarks by calling for the delegates to write: . “write a page, every day”. The fifth instalment of the doctoral con- Also being celebrated was the launch of the ference demonstrates the milestones and NIHSS mobile application, which is available improved academic participation of humani- from the Play store. The mobile application ties and social science (HSS) scholars that the aims to go beyond regional and national con- institute has been able to achieve in just five ferences and workshops to facilitate collabora- years. tion, ideation, networking, information sharing In 2010 Nzimande commissioned a task and peer learning. The platform minimises the force to pen the charter initiative and report use of paper by making conference proceeding on humanities and social sciences. The initia- and documentation available digitally, and the tive was commissioned based on the minister’s NIHSS graduates: University of Fort Hare’s Dr Nolukhanyo Metula and Rhodes virtual socialising enabled by the app creates conviction that HSS ought to play a major role University’s Dr Sinazo Nomsenge better chances of impactful collaboration and in defining the character, excellence and val- problem solving. ues of a robust post-apartheid higher educa- works of the NIHSS scholars have ensured that Mosoetsa opened the conference by highlight- tion system. The cumulative research and dis- the institute becomes an innovative catalyst ing that despite the challenges it has expe- Transformation and economic cussions following the charter report on HSS for knowledge production and the creation rienced such as the passing of two NIHSS empowerment led to the birth of NIHSS as a statutory body of of new knowledge acquisition mechanisms. doctoral fellows, there have been exciting The 2019 Doctoral Conference was attended the Ministry of Higher Education in December These collaborative efforts create an enabling moments. She delved into the role and impact by more than 300 delegates and honoured 2013. environment for the realisation of the vision of the humanities and social sciences, which more than 70 doctoral graduates. There were The NIHSS aims to demonstrate the critical to transform and decolonise higher education serve the critical role of providing structures 53 research discussion sessions, more than role that HSS plays in the economy and new curricula. of meaning, without which society is at risk of 200 doctoral alumni, and over 180 papers and knowledge systems. It not only provides fund- The NIHSS acknowledges that although being left hollow and purposeless; they also abstract submissions received. The NIHSS ing for doctoral studies in the humanities and much has been achieved in the five years of the enable meaningful economic contributions. story is inspirational, as it is founded upon social sciences fields, but also provides a sup- institute’s existence, much is still required. Its Mosoetsa reminded the conference delegates the principles of transformative excellence. port system and networking opportunities for leadership recognises that if the humanities of the mandate that the institute was given The research done by the beneficiaries of the doctoral candidates; it is a hub for new knowl- and social sciences departments are to make a by Nzimande: to produce doctoral graduates. NIHSS funding initiative spans a wide range edge creation from an African perspective. meaningful impact, the institute must realise “Great strides have been made by the insti- of topics, including education, philosophy and The NIHSS, in partnership with the South its goals with urgency, effectiveness and effi- tute in response to the minister’s appeal,” she training, digital humanities, gender and sexual- African Humanities Deans’ Association ciency. This will ensure the prosperous, sus- said, “and it is worth noting that the majority ity, identity and belonging, and a range of other (Sahuda) and the Council for the Development tainable and inclusive growth of South Africa of doctoral graduates come from the University engaging themes that were explored on the sec- of Social Science Research in Africa (Codesria), and the continent. of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN), the University of ond and third days of the conference. has funded more than 600 PhD fellows South Africa (Unisa) and the University of The themes highlighted are the focus of more through South Africa’s universities, with more Providing meaning Pretoria (UP). What is also very pleasing is the than 200 projects funded by NIHSS. The pro- than 400 still in the system. The collaborative NIHSS chief executive Professor Sarah rising number of graduates from the University jects under the theme of health relate to pre- Mail & Guardian November 1 to 7 2019 31

Professor Sarah Mosoetsa, chief executive of the NIHSS, receives a signed pledge from alumni, with Minister of Higher Education, Science and Innovation, Dr Bonginkosi ‘Blade’ Nzimande beside her. vention and treatment, and include research ing these red [doctoral] gowns,” was one of his that focuses on examining the preferences for opening remarks. He acknowledged the role a youth-friendly online HIV risk calculator, of the newly launched Doctoral Forum as an which examines how person-to-person infor- important support structure for the alumni, mation gathering on HIV risk exposure com- and the impact it will have in facilitating the pares to an internet-enabled mechanism. fruitful exchange of ideas and research. In the education field, some research Nzimande highlighted the importance explores conditions in the field that contribute of institutionalising South Africa’s positive to a culture of learning; other research explores characteristics and practices, which enables the benefits of introducing an academic lit- the country to do things that it had not been eracy module in higher education institutions able to do before. “Humanities and the social from students’ perspectives. sciences shape the systems of thought that The theme of rural livelihoods included, inform our perception of the world,” he said. among others, research discussions on small- “The expansion of funding for postgraduate holder farmers and perceptions of capacity studies will be facilitated through the National building in palm farming initiatives, as well as Research Fund (NRF) and the National ecological governance and the sustainability of Student Financial Aid Scheme (NSFAS). This rural households’ water conservation systems. expansion of funding through the NRF and NSFAS will happen because the Ministry of NIHSS Doctoral Alumni Forum Higher Education, Science and Innovation rec- In just five years, the institute has helped to ognises that the NIHSS is not a ‘silver bullet’ to produce 200 doctoral graduates, 71% of whom the problems that plague higher education.” are African and 50% female. This milestone The minister’s address included a plea for was marked by the launch of the inaugural the “resuscitation of philosophies of science NIHSS Doctoral Alumni Forum. The forum is and ethics, and the strengthening of multi- intended to support NIHSS doctoral fellows in disciplinary collaboration.” This plea was their professional journeys in academia and followed by a question of whether open science the private and public sectors and will serve as is possible in an environment such as South a networking platform, providing mentorship Africa’s, which still has challenges of universal and tracking programmes. Its annual confer- access to information and persistent economic ences will provide opportunities for knowledge and education disparities. sharing and collaboration. Given that higher education is the primary The forum is also a call for alumni to swap driver and producer of new knowledge and authentic stories about the NIHSS as ambas- skills, Nzimande called for increased applica- sadors of the institute. To benefit the NIHSS NIHSS alumna Dr Sibusiso Mkhwanazi addresses the inaugural NIHSS Alumni Forum tion of new knowledge, both locally and glob- doctoral graduates, the institute will be making launch ally. To do this, one of the goals of the National a call for postdoctoral studies funding that will Development Plan is to increase the number of be exclusively available to alumni. It will create tantly, it changes the person pursuing it. with the attendees to recognise that they need PhD-holding academic staff at institutions of a database to improve ease of information shar- She emphasised the need to strike a balance a support system, and to “be fierce”. She told higher education and learning to 75% by 2030, ing and networking opportunities, and present between passion and livelihood; this balance the alumni to prioritise both service and their from 35% when the goal was set. The minister publishing and exhibition opportunities to the will likely be accompanied by compromise due own livelihoods, but also highlighted that there also presented the question of how HSS will doctoral alumni. Mosoetsa said: “One of the to the nature of academia and the private and would be compromises that would have to be contribute to the fourth industrial revolution, goals of the forum is to encourage the honou- public sectors. made while striving to strike a healthy balance. given the impact that technology and innova- rees to be unafraid to occupy all positions of “Your doctorate is just the beginning: you Her closing statement to those who want to be tion has on families and South African society. power by fostering success in HSS through the need to learn new lessons, and recognise that transformation agents was: “Don’t ask for per- “The fourth industrial revolution will not be collaboration of like-minded individuals.” when you address a room, people will listen. mission; ask for forgiveness.” the end of humanities and social sciences,” he The NIHSS Doctoral Alumni Forum launch This is a great responsibility.” She advised the The conference also showcased renowned promised. included panellists who shared experiences, alumni to recognise when their doctoral quali- authors, as part of the “Encounters” session; Nzimande concluded his address by stating challenges and growth opportunities that doc- fications are not facilitating the changes and they shared their respective writing and pub- that there would be partnerships with interna- toral alumni may face. These included Dr Sizwe growth that they want to see, and act upon this. lishing journeys. The authors included the HSS tional universities to improve the global impact Timothy Phakathi, who is involved with safety Khunou also warned them that they may find Awards 2019 non-fiction monograph winner, of South African research. He also remarked and sustainable development at the Minerals themselves being the minority in rooms where Dr Bongani Ngqulunga, author of The Man that the “quality and exposure of some of the Council South Africa; Dr Michele Ruiters, a counter-transformation decisions are made, Who Founded the ANC, and Angela Makholwa, South African universities and higher educa- research specialist at the Development Bank of and that in these situations they may be forced who was shortlisted in the fiction category for tion systems lag behind — we cannot allow Southern Africa; and Professor Grace Khunou, to be agents of change. Regarding the road to The Blessed Girl. Dr Bongani Nyoka’s book that”. He said a transformation is required in an NIHSS mentor for the Gauteng region and professorship, she advised the alumni to teach, Voices of Liberation: Archie Mafeje was pub- funding the higher education system; a healthy a professor in the sociology department at the supervise and publish. lished by HSRC Press and was supported by the balance must be struck between foreign and University of Johannesburg. Phakathi’s panel remarks concerned how the NIHSS. local funding. He encouraged the participation doctoral alumni can contribute in the private and advancement of black women in academia, Great responsibility sector, but a balance must be maintained with Gala dinner and shared his hopes of South Africa creating a Khunou shared her journey after she attained academia. His advice was to “make choices, The NIHSS doctoral graduates were celebrated culture of political ministers retiring into aca- her PhD, emphasising that “the journey is and understand what the choices require”. He during the gala dinner on the evening of demia so that they can share their knowledge hardly ever straight”; she related how her pas- reiterated the importance of writing for publi- October 29, which was attended by Nzimande. and knowledge systems. sion led her first into the private sector and cation purposes: “publish or perish” he advised The minister was pleased to see that there had then back into academia. She said the pur- the honourees of the forum. been a positive response to his appeal made suit of a doctorate may transform the area of Ruiters completed the circle of doctoral par- at the birth of the institute: to produce doc- Sponsored Feature research in which it is done, but more impor- ticipation in the public sector; she pleaded toral graduates. “Nothing excites me like see- 32 Mail & Guardian November 1 to 7 2019 Amnesty International South Africa Advertorial

Moderator Angelo Fick and panelists Amir Sheikh, Shenilla Mohamed, Mandla Madumisa, Jo Vearey, Oscar van Heerden and Liesl Louw-Vaudran discussed the findings of Amnesty International South Africa’s report – Living in Limbo: Rights of Asylum Seekers Denied. Photos: Delwyn Verasamy

When asylum seekers live in limbo, it exacerbates xenophobia Proposed ‘processing centres’ on South Africa’s northern borders raise concerns

Shaazia Ebrahim

overnment officials, academ- ics, and civil society seldom gather to have a construc- G tive public discussion about a human rights issue. But this is exactly what happened at the launch of Amnesty International South Africa’s new report, titled Living In Limbo: Rights Of Asylum Seekers Denied at the Mail & Guardian’s brand new event space on October 29. Compiled with the support of the Open Society Foundation, the report documents the failure of South Africa’s asylum management system. As a result of poor decision-making, including factual mistakes and a dearth of sound reasoning, there is a 96% rejec- tion rate of asylum applications, and an Audience members were welcome to participate in the lively debate. estimated 190 000 applications languish- ing in the backlog of appeals and reviews. Lacking proper documentation, hundreds process is not easy for most migrants. current refugee laws, as asylum seekers to their culture and the uncertain eco- of thousands of applicants live in South Sheikh said migrants often find it dif- will not be able to work, conduct busi- nomic situation, and react with rampant Africa while they wait for their claims to ficult to adjust to South African soci- ness or study while their status is being xenophobia. be processed, exacerbating xenophobia in ety, especially when they come from determined. There is also no information “The truth is,” Van Heerden said, “only the country. conservative Islamic countries such as about how these processing centres will a small segment of our population can Amnesty began gathering research Somalia. Language is also a huge barrier be resourced, or whether asylum seekers identify with the hospitality that South about the experiences of those attempt- for migrants, many of whom do not speak will have adequate housing, food, health- Africans in exile experienced during ing to seek asylum in 2018. The human English or any South African languages. care or education while their claims are apartheid.” He said that we need to ask rights nongovernmental organisation Further difficulties that migrants face being processed. how we can transform the views of the held focused group discussions and one- are rampant corruption in the home South Africa’s legal and human rights average South African regarding asylum on-one interviews in Cape Town, Port affairs department and the poor treat- framework supports the quest for asy- seekers. Elizabeth, Durban and Johannesburg. ment they receive at its centres. It’s not lum seekers and refugees to exercise their South Africa’s xenophobia negatively The launch featured a lively panel dis- uncommon, Sheikh said, for migrants rights. Both the 1998 Refugees Act and the impacts its foreign policy in the rest of the cussion with leading experts on migra- to be denied access to services such South African Constitution protect the continent, Vaudran said. This poses par- tion, asylum seeking, international as healthcare, education, and housing rights of every individual in the country. ticular challenges as South Africa will be relations and human rights, and was because they look or talk differently. In response to the criticisms about the chairing the African Union next year and moderated by Auwal Socio-Economic “These difficulties mostly affect people of asylum management system, Madumisa negotiating the continental Free Trade Research Institute director Angelo African origin,” he said. said that the appeal backlog is because Area which, as one of the most industri- Fick. Discussants on the panel included All of what Sheikh expressed, Mohamed sometimes migrants don’t honour their alised nations on the continent, South chairperson of the Somali Community said, is contained within the Amnesty appointments. He said that there are Africa has the most to gain from. She said Board and spokesperson for the African report. The report shows that the asylum a number of challenges in implement- she’s glad that the South African govern- Diaspora Forum, Amir Sheikh; associ- process is not properly explained to asy- ing South Africa’s progressive laws. In ment is moving past its denialism follow- ate professor from the African Centre lum seekers when they arrive at the refu- defence of the asylum processing cen- ing the 2008 and 2015 xenophobic attacks, for Migration at the University of the gee reception offices (RROs), and transla- tres, he said the centres were proposed to but wondered if it’s enough to repair the Witwatersrand, Jo Vearay; associate edi- tion is either lacking or of poor quality. accommodate most migrants who enter country’s relations with the rest of the tor of the Institute for Security Studies, The report also shows that only 10% of the country through the country’s north- continent. She said South Africa is well Liesl Louw-Vaudran; chief director asylum seekers have access to lawyers, ern borders, and have a need for basic positioned to champion the rights of the of the Asylum Seeker Management: which poses a problem if their applica- services. The proposed centres were an downtrodden, to speak up about injus- Immigration Services at the depart- tions for asylum are rejected. attempt to meet these basic needs, he tices and to help asylum seekers. ment of home affairs Mandla Madumisa; “Instead of acknowledging its failures, said. “It’s shocking that a country such as international relations scholar Oscar van government is perpetuating the view Vearey commended South Africa’s exist- South Africa trivialises the vulnerability Heerden; and Amnesty International that the ongoing high demand of peo- ing legislation, saying South Africa has of those fleeing desperate circumstances,” South Africa’s executive director, Shenilla ple trying to seek asylum at RROs stems excellent laws for migrants, but she also Mohamed said. Before the end of the dis- Mohamed. from the abuse of the system by eco- stressed that there are clearly challenges cussion, she invited government stake- “South Africa carries the hope of those nomic migrants. This has given rise to a in their implementation. “Our challenge holders to meet with civil society repre- fleeing persecution,” Sheikh said, speak- toxic anti-asylum seeker narrative that is as academics is using the data and evi- sentatives and other concerned parties to ing about why migrants flock to South pushed by those in authority,” Mohamed dence to improve the experiences of those iron out implementation challenges. Africa. It is perceived as one of the best said. seeking asylum,” she said. In closing, Fick posed some important democracies on the continent, with a sta- Amnesty flagged a proposed change in Van Heerden said that migration is moral and existential questions, asking ble economy, serving as a refuge particu- legislation in the report: the establish- a global issue, and that even the most those present to think about what kind larly for LGBTQI Africans who are being ment of asylum processing centres at advanced economies are struggling to of country we want to live in. “We do not victimised in their home countries. the northern border posts, where asylum deal with refugees and asylum seekers. “It live in the country envisioned in 1994. While Somali-born Sheikh has success- seekers will be “accommodated” while was migration that made working-class The policies are there, but we need to do fully been able to attain permanent resi- their asylum claims are considered. These Brits vote for #Brexit,” he said. South the work for the country of our minds to dency in South Africa, he noted that the centres won’t conform to South Africa’s Africans perceive migrants as a threat become the country of our lives,” he said. Mail & Guardian November 1 to 7 2019 33 Future of Health Index Sponsored feature People are the heart of healthcare

Digital health technology can empower people to take better care of their own health

Jasper Westerink

ealth is one of the major driv- ers of human and social capi- tal. Without good health, we Hwouldn’t be able to work or do any of the activities that we love; poor health impacts negatively on our quality of life and has a ripple effect on socioeconomic growth. This makes it abso- lutely essential to invest in healthcare sys- tems and solutions that keep us healthy. We mustn’t lose sight of why we are investing in these systems and solutions, though: helping to diagnose, treat and heal people. It’s vital that we remember that people are at the heart of healthcare, and that even as new health challenges arise, people remain the reason that we do what we do — so the future of health is about how to find the best and most effective ways to keep them healthy. The answer to that conundrum is increasingly found through technology. Technology has already changed and saved countless lives, and it is going to continue to play a central role in health. This is why Philips commissions the annual Future of Health Index (FHI) report, of which South Africa is one of the So, too, will digital health records, which as China, India and Saudi Arabia, which are 15 key countries surveyed. in addition to making people more proac- leapfrogging many of the same challenges The FHI aims to establish what is tive in taking care of their health, also fos- that this country currently faces. required to accelerate the shift from vol- ters greater collaboration between patients Individuals in India, China, and Saudi ume-based to value-based care in the global and healthcare professionals: 84% of indi- Arabia who use digital health technology or drive for sustainable healthcare systems, viduals with access to their records wanted mobile apps, for instance, reported that the as well as to explore the role digital health their healthcare professionals to have information they receive from their digital technology plays in improving both the access to it too. health technology or mobile apps led them individual citizen and the healthcare pro- Healthcare professionals agreed that this to contact a healthcare professional. fessional experience — two elements of the collaboration was a constructive step for- South Africa falls below the 15-country Quadruple Aim in healthcare. The other ward, with 58% noting that patients having average (46%) in terms of individuals track- two elements are better health outcomes access to their own health data had posi- ing their own health indicators, so increas- and the lower cost of care. tively affected their experience in the last ing not only the adoption, but also the uti- five years. lisation of digital health technology among Making tech adapt to people’s needs South African individuals could empower and environments Using lessons from forerunners to patients to adopt a more proactive attitude Developing and utilising health technol- put people at the heart of healthcare toward health management. ogy solutions will be key to achieving those These examples show the massive potential Ultimately, this year’s Future Health aims, but it is important to stress that tech- for digital health technologies to improve Index report highlights that health and nology alone cannot be successful in over- how people experience healthcare. It will, healthcare is all about people, but that coming health challenges. People — both Jasper Westerink, is the chief executive however, take time before the full extent technology can and will continue to play a healthcare professionals and patients — officer of Philips Africa of these benefits are felt, and our research critical role in accel- need to be put at the centre of technolo- showed that South Africa can learn valu- erating positive gies such as AI in order for it to be truly able lessons from other emerging econo- change in effective. ability to put people at the heart of health- mies such healthcare. In fact, we have done research that has care by empowering them to manage their shown how AI needs to adapt to people’s own health. needs and environments to help health- care professionals reach the Quadruple Empowering patients to take control Aim, and empower patients to take con- of their own health trol of their own health and live healthier One such technology that the FHI found is lifestyles. doing this is telehealth, which is the remote Using what we have called adaptive intel- access to and management of health. It has ligence — the combination of AI solutions the power to drive access to care by cutting and the domain knowledge of healthcare down waiting times and enabling more providers, academia, and hospital networks people to get care when they really need — we are working towards ensuring that AI it. The report showed that 74% of South adapts to and augments people’s needs to Africans did not visit a healthcare profes- ensure that their healthcare experience is sional when they had a medical reason to seamless, integrated and personalised. go, because of average waiting times of The World Health Organisation has also over an hour (88% of patients reported found that people need to be at the centre that they had to wait over an hour to see of healthcare. A WHO study stated: “We a general practitioner). must use knowledge and technology ration- Telehealth can broadly address and ally, holistically and compassionately, solve that challenge. AI can also solve within a system of care that views people challenges, particularly when it comes not as targets of interventions but as full to patient monitoring and flagging and equal partners in preventing disease anomalies, and its benefits are being and enhancing health and wellbeing.” recognised more and more in South The findings of our 2019 FHI report Africa. revealed the same. A key take-out was that Healthcare professionals in South informed and empowered patients typi- Africa, for example, show more con- cally take better care of their health. South fidence in using the technology than Africans know they have a role to play, with their counterparts across all 15 countries 80% believing they have the biggest impact surveyed: 79% are comfortable using on their own health. it for patient monitoring, compared to We found that giving an individual access the 15-country average of 63%, while 76% to their own health data makes them more are comfortable to use it to flag patient likely to engage with it in a way that will anomalies, compared to 59% of the improve the quality of care they receive. 15-country average. In fact, 58% of South African patients with This indicates that we can expect far access to their digital health records said greater uptake in the future, which will they were proactive in taking care of their ultimately help put people health, showing that technology has the at the centre of healthcare. 34 Mail & Guardian November 1 to 7 2019

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Academics & Courses Jobs Mail& Guardianopen CONTACT: CONTACT: 10x4www.mg.co.za Ilizma Willemse 063 026 7450 Lesedi Badimo 011 250 7430 Vanessa Diedrich 011 250 7450 Elsie Mashanzhe 011 250 7580 Mail & Guardian November 1 to 7 2019 35 Academic Jobs & Jobs

ŚŝĞĨKƉĞƌĂƟŽŶƐKĸĐĞƌ ^ĂůĂƌLJƉĂĐŬĂŐĞ͗ŽŵƉĞƟƟǀĞŶĞŐŽƟĂďůĞƌĞŵƵŶĞƌĂƟŽŶƉĂĐŬĂŐĞ The UFS is always looking for new talent REF. NO/COO/25/10/2019 Legal Aid SA is a national public entity; a key contributor to South Africa’s constitutional democracy providing quality legal The University of the Free State is a richly diverse, multilingual institution committed to the services to poor and vulnerable persons. The organisation has a national footprint. An accredited Top Employer SA for 10 highest academic standards and human reconciliation. We place high value on research consecutive years, Legal Aid SA is a credible employer of choice. Its culture is rooted in leadership, driven by the value and that improves the human condition and on teaching that prepares the next generation advancement of human rights. It offers an exciting Employment Value Proposition with opportunities for development, career of world leaders. The UFS seeks to recruit the best students for higher learning as well as outstanding scholars conducting cutting-edge research in their fields. growth and an inspiring workplace. The current COO’s term of employment ends on 31 March 2020. Applications are invited from persons interested to fill the above-mentioned position. The incumbent will be appointed on a fixed Division of Student Affairs term contract and will be expected to sign a performance contract. The position is based at the National Office in Johannesburg Qwaqwa Campus (Braamfontein). DIRECTOR Key outputs:tProvide strategic support to the Chief Executive Officer in the development of the Legal Aid SA strategic plan, (Contract appointment: Five years) operational plans, MTEF and annual budgets in relation to the delivery of the support services offering, by Legal Aid SA to ensure (Job ID: 3148) the provision of quality legal assistance to indigent and vulnerable persons in line with the Constitution and legislative framework t1BSUJDJQBUFBTBNFNCFSPGUIF.BOBHFNFOU&YFDVUJWF$PNNJUUFFBOEUIF.BOBHFNFOU$PNNJUUFFXJUIBTQFDJåDGPDVTPOUIF Inherent requirements: • Masters’ degree on NQF Level 9 • A minimum of five EFMJWFSZPGUIFTVQQPSUTFSWJDFTPGGFSJOHt%FWFMPQBOEJNQMFNFOUBSJTLTUSBUFHZ BGSBVEBOEDPSSVQUJPONBOBHFNFOUTUSBUFHZBOE (5) years’ relevant student affairs experience • A minimum of five (5) years’ TVTUBJOBCJMJUZNBOBHFNFOUTZTUFNGPSUIFTVQQPSUTFSWJDFTQMBUGPSNPQFSBUJOHTZTUFNt&OTVSFTUIFFYFDVUJPOPGBTVTUBJOBCJMJUZ management experience. strategy so as to enable Legal Aid SA to fulfil its mandate in the short, medium and long-term by building the maturity of all upports Term of office: 5 years, with the possibility of re-appointment for a further TFHNFOUTPGUIFPSHBOJTBUJPOt&OTVSFUIFEFMJWFSZPGUIFTVQQPSUTFSWJDFTPGGFSJOHBUUIFEFåOFESBOHF TDPQFBOERVBMJUZPOB term. OBUJPOBMCBTJTUISPVHIPVUUIF-FHBM"JE4"OBUJPOBMGPPUQSJOUt&OTVSFTUIFåTDBMMFBEFSTIJQXJUIJO-FHBM"JE4"JODMVEJOHåOBODJBM NBOBHFNFOU åOBODJBMSFQPSUJOH åOBODJBMTUBUVUPSZDPNQMJBODFJODMVEJOHTVQQMZDIBJONBOBHFNFOUTZTUFNTt"DDPVOUBCMFGPSUIF Closing date: 15 November 2019 development and implementation of an effective talent management framework for Legal Aid SA which positions the organisation Assumption of duties: As soon as possible. BTBOFNQMPZFSPGDIPJDFBOEFOTVSFTDPOUJOVPVTMFBSOJOHBOEHSPXUIUPJNQSPWFTUSBUFHJDDBQBCJMJUZt#VJMEBOEFYFDVUFBSPBE Salary: The salary scale is available on request. For any further enquiries, map that ensures the regular review of support services platform operating systems to ensure continuous improvement, innovation, please feel free to contact 051 401 9737/7267/9003 or email SFMFWBODFBOESFTQPOTJWFOFTT FOTVSJOHBMJHONFOUUPTUSBUFHZBOEHFBSJOHUPEFMJWFSTVQQPSUTUSBUFHJFTt.BJOUBJOTUSBUFHJDCVTJOFTT partnerships with the National Operations Executive, Chief Legal Executive and Provincial Executives in order to ensure the delivery [email protected] of the organisation’s stated Communications, Finance, Human Resources and Information Technology objectives in support of the For full advertisement please visit our website at www.ufs.ac.za EFMJWFSZPGRVBMJUZMFHBMTFSWJDFTt&OTVSFUIFEFMJWFSZPGUIFTVQQPSUTFSWJDFTPGGFSJOHBUUIFEFåOFESBOHF TDPQFBOERVBMJUZPOB T: 051 401 7705/7267 https://www.ufs.ac.za/vacancies [email protected] OBUJPOBMCBTJTUISPVHIPVUUIF-FHBM"JE4"OBUJPOBMGPPUQSJOUt0WFSTFFSFQPSUJOHBOENPOJUPSJOHPGPSHBOJTBUJPOBMQFSGPSNBODF UFSUV UFSweb UFSweb NFUSJDTJOSFMBUJPOUPUIFTVQQPSUQMBUGPSNt&OTVSFUIFFGGFDUJWFJNQMFNFOUBUJPOPGBTPVOE(PWFSOBODF'SBNFXPSLGPSUIFTFSWJDFT platform operating system and oversee compliance with the PFMA and any other relevant legislation.

Inspiring excellence. Competencies (knowledge, skills and attributes) required:tA recognised university degree (MBA will be an added benefit) Transforming lives. t.PSFUIBOZFBSTHFOFSBMNBOBHFNFOUFYQFSJFODFXJUIZFBSTBUBOFYFDVUJWFNBOBHFNFOUMFWFMt&YQFSJFODFJOTUSBUFHJD Inspireer uitnemendheid. QMBOOJOH  CVTJOFTT QMBOOJOH BOE UIF EFWFMPQNFOU PG PQFSBUJPO QMBOT XJUI B TUSPOH GPDVT PO NPOJUPSJOH BOE SFQPSUJOH t " Verander lewens. EFNPOTUSBUFEQFPQMFEFWFMPQNFOUBQQSPBDIBOETUSPOHMFBEFSTIJQTLJMMTt8PSLJOHFYQFSJFODFJOUIFMFHBMTFDUPSXJMMCFBO BEWBOUBHFt*OEFQUILOPXMFEHFPGMFBEFSTIJQBOENBOBHFNFOUBOEIPXUPJNQMFNFOUBOEMFWFSBHFUIFTFXJUIJOBDPNQMFY Human Communications 148807 CVTJOFTTFOWJSPONFOUQSFGFSBCMZXJUIJOBOBUJPOBMGPPUQSJOUt8PSLJOHLOPXMFEHFPGUIF$POTUJUVUJPO 1'." /BUJPOBM5SFBTVSZ 3FHVMBUJPOT -FHBM"JE4""DUBOEPUIFSSFMFWBOU4UBUVUFTBOE,JOH*7$PEFPG$PSQPSBUF(PWFSOBODFt"CMFUPDSFBUFiTUSBUFHJD integration” between the Board, Executive and organisation as a whole in order to fully garner the required execution premium t"CMFUPQBSUOFSXJUI$&0BOE&YFDVUJWF.BOBHFNFOUUPTVQQPSUUIFBDIJFWFNFOUPGTUSBUFHJDPCKFDUJWFT A detailed curriculum vitae reflecting the practical application of the position outputs and the required competencies as Burnard, Raaff advertised must be submitted by close of business on 08 November 2019, by email, quoting the reference number NO/COO/25/10/2019 in the subject line to [email protected] Enquiries to Richard Baloyi Tel: 011 877 2000. Preference will be given to candidates in terms of the Legal Aid SA Employment Equity Plan. People with disabilities are encouraged to apply. LEGAL AID SA RESERVES THE RIGHT NOT TO APPOINT. CANDIDATES NOT CONTACTED BY & Associates 31 JANUARY 2020 SHOULD CONSIDER THEIR APPLICATIONS UNSUCCESSFUL.

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ŽǀĞƌϮĚĞĐĂĚĞƐŽĨĞdžƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞŝƐůŽŽŬŝŶŐĨŽƌĂ advice. legal 0800 110 for or tel. visit: www.legal-aid.co.za vacancies more For ƌĞƉƵƚĂďůĞƌĞƉƚŽĞdžƉĂŶĚŽƵƌďƵƐŝŶĞƐƐŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƚƐ ‰ Must have good knowledge of the marketing field ‰ Good references ‰ Salary package to be discussed if invited for an interview ͘s͛Ɛ ƚŽďĞƐĞŶƚƚŽ ďƌŝĂŶďΛďƵƌŶĂƌĚƌĂĂĨĨ͘ĐŽ͘njĂ

University of Stellenbosch Business School Director (Ref: EBW04/304/1019)

The University of Stellenbosch Business School (USB) is a triple crown (EQUIS, AMBA and AACSB) accredited African business school of global repute. We hold a proud legacy of responsible leadership development for societal impact. We seek to appoint a new Director to take forward the School’s vision to be globally recognised as a source of value for a better world through business knowledge advancement and transformative learning. The School subscribes to the University’s vision to be Africa’s leading research-intensive university, globally recognised as excellent, inclusive and innovative, where we advance knowledge in service of society. The Director is responsible for upholding and promoting a dynamic intellectual culture in unison with the shaping of business practice and strong business relations. The incumbent will be a person who has the necessary background, standing, networks and abilities to inspire from the front and motivate others to be their best. Term of appointment: Five-year term as Director, with the possibility of re-appointment for another term. Upon successful completion of the term(s), the incumbent will have the opportunity to take up an academic appointment in the School.

Commencement of duties: 1 October 2020 or as soon as possible thereafter Closing date: 13 December 2019

Visit www.sun.ac.za/english/careers for detailed information on this and other available vacancies and the application procedure. The University reserves the right not to make an appointment.

138196 www.ayandambanga.co.za www.thecandocompany.co.za 36 Mail & Guardian November 1 to 7 2019

Vacancy Announcements

Position — Project Director (HRH) DGYLVH RQ GHYHORSPHQW PDQDJHPHQW DQG PHDVXUHPHQW RI WKH SROLFLHV DQG SURFHGXUHV QHFHVVDU\WRDGYDQFHLQGLYLGXDODQGRUJURXSSHUIRUPDQFHLQDOLJQPHQWZLWKWKH62:RI Reports to — Country Director &+:¶VDQGSURMHFWREMHFWLYHV+HVKHZLOOVWXG\FXUUHQWDQGHPHUJLQJSHUIRUPDQFHIXQGLQJ Location — Pretoria, South Africa VWUDWHJLHVGRPHVWLFDOO\DQGLQWHUQDWLRQDOO\WUHQGVDQGSUHSDUHVWUDWHJLFUHFRPPHQGDWLRQV WRSUHVHQWWRWKH1'2+&'&DQG,&$3 Closing date — 8 November 2019 Roles and responsibilities Role overview The roles and responsibilities of the Project Director shall include, but are not 7KH3URMHFW'LUHFWRUZLOORYHUVHHWKHGHVLJQSODQQLQJPDQDJHPHQWDQG0 (RIWKH+5+ limited to the following:‡$VVHVVEHVWSUDFWLFHVLQKXPDQUHVRXUFHSHUIRUPDQFHEDVHG SURJUDPPHDFWLYLWLHV6KHKHZLOOLQWHUIDFHZLWKWKH1'2+RQVWUDWHJLFLVVXHVDQGVHWWKH IXQGLQJ DSSURDFKHV RI KHDOWK ZRUNHUV ‡ 'HWHUPLQH WKH VWDWXV RI H[LVWLQJ SHUIRUPDQFH GLUHFWLRQIRUDOO,&$3+5+SURMHFWVWDII6KHKHZLOODOVREHUHVSRQVLEOHIRUWKHVXSHUYLVLRQ 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‡ (VWDEOLVK IUHTXHQF\ DQG UHSRUWLQJ IRUPDWV IRU PHHWLQJVZLWK'2+&'&DQGVXEJUDQWHHVWRHQVXUHUHJXODUSURJUDPPHXSGDWHVREWDLQ Location — Pretoria, South Africa UHTXLUHGSHUPLVVLRQVDQGLPSURYHGFRRUGLQDWRU‡1HWZRUNZLWKDQGEXLOGVWUDWHJLFDOOLDQFHV DQGUHODWLRQVKLSVZLWKVWDNHKROGHUVZRUNLQJZLWK&+:¶V‡5HSUHVHQW,&$36$DWKLJKOHYHO Closing date — 8 November 2019 WHFKQLFDOPHHWLQJVDQGIRUXPVDWDOOOHYHOVRIJRYHUQPHQW

Desired experience and qualification ‡ 3K' DQGRU DGYDQFHG GHJUHH LQ QXUVLQJ Role overview PLGZLIHU\ FRPPXQLW\ KHDOWK SXEOLF KHDOWK LQWHUQDWLRQDO GHYHORSPHQW RU RWKHU UHODWHG 7KH&XUULFXOXP&RRUGLQDWRU&RQVXOWDQWZLOOEHUHVSRQVLEOHIRUUHYLHZLQJWKHLQVWUXFWLRQDO ILHOG‡$WOHDVW\HDUV¶H[SHULHQFHDWDQH[HFXWLYHDQGRUPDQDJHPHQWOHYHOLQWKH1*2 GHVLJQFXUULFXOXPFRQWHQWRIIDFLOLWDWRUJXLGHDQGSDUWLFLSDQWPDQXDOVDQGDVVHVVPHQWWRROV VHFWRUDQGSURYHQDELOLW\WRPDQDJHODUJHSURJUDPPHV‡([SHULHQFHLQSURMHFWPDQDJHPHQW RI&+:WUDLQLQJPDWHULDOLQFROODERUDWLRQZLWKVXEMHFWPDWWHUH[SHUWV LQFOXGLQJ ZRUN SODQ GHYHORSPHQW PRQLWRULQJ DQG HYDOXDWLRQ ILVFDO RYHUVLJKW DQG UHSRUW ZULWLQJ ‡ ([SHULHQFH LQ WKH GHYHORSPHQW DQG LPSOHPHQWDWLRQ RI LQVHUYLFH WUDLQLQJ Roles and responsibilities SURJUDPPHVIRUKHDOWKZRUNIRUFH‡6RXQGNQRZOHGJHRIWKH6RXWK$IULFDQ+HDOWK6\VWHP The roles and responsibilities of the Curriculum Coordinator Consultant shall DQGWKH+5+ODQGVFDSH‡([SHULHQFHLQUHYLHZDQGDGDSWDWLRQRIWUDLQLQJPDWHULDOWRPHHW include, but are not limited to the following:‡&ROODERUDWHHIIHFWLYHO\ZLWK1'2+DQG SURMHFW REMHFWLYHV ‡ )DPLOLDULW\ ZLWK SROLFLHV DQG JXLGHOLQHV UHODWHG WR IXQFWLRQLQJ RI WKH ,&$3VXEMHFWPDWWHUH[SHUWVWRUHYLHZFRQWHQWRIH[LVWLQJFXUULFXOXPWUDLQLQJPDWHULDO‡3URYLGH KHDOWKZRUNIRUFHLQFOXGLQJ&+:¶V‡3URYHQUHFRUGRIVXFFHVVIXOFROODERUDWLRQZLWK6$'2+ VWDWXVDQGRUVXPPDU\UHSRUWVRQH[LVWLQJWUDLQLQJPDWHULDOIRU&+:¶V‡5HYLHZHYDOXDWH DWWKHQDWLRQDOGLVWULFWDQGIDFLOLW\OHYHOV‡6WURQJIDPLOLDULW\ZLWKDQGFRPPDQGRI86* DQGUHFRPPHQGVROXWLRQVWRFRUUHFWGHILFLHQFLHVDQGRUHQKDQFHH[LVWLQJOHDUQLQJFRQWHQW UHJXODWLRQVDQGFRPSOLDQFH‡3URYHQUHFRUGRIHIIHFWLYHFRRUGLQDWLRQDQGPDQDJHPHQWRI DQGUHODWHGVXSSRUWLYHPDWHULDO‡'RFXPHQWUHYLHZVHYDOXDWLRQVDQGUHFRPPHQGDWLRQVIRU FRPSOH[WUDLQLQJLQLWLDWLYHV‡([SHULHQFHZLWK3(3)$5SROLF\SURJUDPSODQQLQJDQGGHVLJQ DSSURYDOSULRUWRFRQWLQXLQJZLWKWKHLPSOHPHQWDWLRQRIWKHUHFRPPHQGDWLRQV‡'HVLJQDQG ‡'HPRQVWUDWHGVNLOOVLQVXSHUYLVLQJVWDIIWHDPEXLOGLQJDQGPDQDJHPHQW‡([FHOOHQWYHUEDO GHYHORSOHDUQLQJVROXWLRQVDQGSURJUDPVDSSO\LQJDGXOWOHDUQLQJSULQFLSOHVDQGV\VWHPDWLF DQGZULWWHQFRPPXQLFDWLRQVNLOOVLQ(QJOLVKDQGLQDWOHDVWRQHDGGLWLRQDOORFDOODQJXDJH LQVWUXFWLRQDO GHVLJQ WR FUHDWHEXLOG RQ H[LVWLQJ OHDUQLQJ FRQWHQW WKDW EHVW ILWV WKH QHHGV Personal Attributes ‡ *RRG FRPPXQLFDWLRQ DQG LQWHUSHUVRQDO VNLOOV ‡ $ELOLW\ WR OHDG D RI&+:¶VDQG27/¶V LQFOXGHVFODVVURRPFRPPXQLW\EDVHG27/OHGWUDLQLQJDQGEOHQGHG WHDPWRSURGXFHUHVXOWV‡([FHOOHQWQHWZRUNLQJDQGFRRUGLQDWLRQDELOLW\‡$ELOLW\WRPXOWL OHDUQLQJFRQWHQW ‡&RQWULEXWHWRWKHGHYHORSPHQWDQGLPSOHPHQWDWLRQRIHQKDQFHGOHDUQLQJ WDVNDQGPHHWGHDGOLQHV‡$ELOLW\WRZRUNXQGHUVWUHVVDQGZLOOLQJQHVVWRZRUNDIWHUKRXUV PRGHOVDQGFRQWHQWGHVLJQWHPSODWHV‡/HYHUDJHWHFKQLTXHVDQGSURFHVVHVWRFUHDWHFRQWHQW ‡,QFOLQDWLRQWRZDUGVFUHDWLYLW\LQQRYDWLRQ‡5HFHSWLYHQHVVWRDFTXLULQJQHZNQRZOHGJHDQG DFURVVDUDQJHRIKHDOWKWRSLFVDQGLQOLQHZLWK&+:62:ZKLFKHQVXUHVHIILFLHQWDSSOLFDWLRQ XSGDWHVRQWKH&+:ODQGVFDSH RIVNLOOVLQFKDOOHQJLQJFRPPXQLW\VHWWLQJV‡5HYLHZDQGEXLOGRQH[LVWLQJWUDLQLQJPDWHULDO LQFOXGLQJMREDLGV623¶VDVVHVVPHQWVDQGRWKHUWRROVUHODWHGWRDFTXLVLWLRQDQGDSSOLFDWLRQ RIVNLOOVDQGFRUHFRPSHWHQFLHV‡&RDFKDQGPHQWRU7UDLQLQJVWDIILQWKHXVHRIWRROVDQG Position — Performance Based Funding Advisor LQVWUXFWLRQDOGHVLJQPHWKRGRORJLHV Reports to — Country Director Desired experience and qualification ‡ 0DVWHU¶V 'HJUHH LQ (GXFDWLRQ ‡ 0LQLPXP RI \HDUV¶H[SHULHQFHLQWKHILHOGRI&XUULFXOXP'HYHORSPHQW‡.QRZOHGJHRI$FFUHGLWDWLRQ Location — Pretoria, South Africa UHTXLUHPHQWV IRU &+: )RXQGDWLRQ WUDLQLQJ FXUULFXOXP LQFOXGLQJ NQRZOHGJH RI &RXQFLO RQ Closing date — 8 November 2019 +LJKHU(GXFDWLRQ)UDPHZRUNV Personal Attributes ‡ $WWHQWLRQ WR GHWDLO ‡ *RRG WLPH PDQDJHPHQW ‡ $QDO\WLFDO VNLOOV Role overview WR DVVHVV FXUULFXOXP FRQWHQW DQG PDNH UHFRPPHQGDWLRQV IRU LPSURYHPHQW LQ FXUULFXOXP 7KH 3HUIRUPDQFH 0DQDJHPHQW $GYLVRU ZLOO SURYLGH SURJUDP PDQDJHPHQW DQG RYHUVLJKW DQGWHDFKLQJPHWKRGRORJ\‡(IIHFWLYHZULWLQJVNLOOV‡*RRGLQWHUSHUVRQDOVNLOOVWRHVWDEOLVK WR WKH SHUIRUPDQFHEDVHG IXQGLQJ FRPSRQHQW RI WKH &+: SURJUDP +HVKH ZLOO GHVLJQ HIIHFWLYHZRUNLQJUHODWLRQVKLSVZLWK1'2+DQG,&$3DQGRWKHUNH\VWDNHKROGHUV‡&UHDWLYLW\ GHYHORS LPSOHPHQW DQG PRQLWRU WKH SHUIRUPDQFHEDVHG IXQGLQJ VWUDWHJ\ IRU &+:¶V DQG ²DEOHWRWKLQNRIQHZZD\VWRHQJDJHVWXGHQWV‡/HDGHUVKLSVNLOOV

Please note:2QO\FDQGLGDWHVZKRDUHHOLJLEOHWRZRUNLQ6RXWK$IULFDIRUDQLQGH¿QLWHSHULRGZLWKRXWDQHHGIRUVSRQVRUVKLSZLOOEHFRQVLGHUHGIRUWKLVSRVLWLRQ ,QWHUHVWHGDSSOLFDQWVVKRXOGVHQGWKHLUFRPSUHKHQVLYH&9¶VDQGOHWWHURIPRWLYDWLRQWR[email protected] with the job tittle in the subject line on or before 8 November 2019. ,&$3LVDQHTXDORSSRUWXQLW\HPSOR\HU2QO\VKRUWOLVWHGFDQGLGDWHVZLOOEHFRQWDFWHG PJB Mail & Guardian November 1 to 7 2019 37 Jobs, Tenders & Notices

SENIOR LEGAL ADVISOR (IPM) Main purpose of the position: To assist in the development and implementation of all strategies REQUEST FOR PROPOSALS and policies relating to the acquisition, management, protection and exploitation of all intellectual property rights at the SABC. CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR DOCUMENTATION OF AS FINANCIAL REPORTING SPECIALIST IS BUSINESS PROCESSES Main purpose of the position: 7RSURYLGHWLPHO\¿QDQFLDODQGPDQDJHPHQWUHSRUWLQJSDFNVIRU WKH*URXSLQFOXGLQJGHYHORSPHQWDQGUHYLHZRIWKHLQWHUQDOFRQWUROIUDPHZRUN The Road Fund wishes to improve its internal and external business environment, with PROGRAMME MANAGER: IKWEKWEZI FM the aim to ensure compliance, transparency, accountability and value for money in all its (This is a 5-year contract position) activities. Main purpose of the position: To manage the programming department and drive the 7RDFKLHYHWKLVWKH)XQGUHTXHVWVSURSRVDOVIURPVXLWDEO\TXDOL¿HG%XVLQHVV3URFHVVHV implementation of the station’s programming strategy to increase audiences. &RQVXOWDQWVZLWKH[WHQVLYHNQRZOHGJHRI3RUWIROLR3URJUDPPH3URMHFW0DQDJHPHQWDQG PROGRAMME MANAGER: MOTSWEDING FM Enterprise Architecture. (This is a 5-year contract position) Interested consultants will be expected to: Main purpose of the position: To manage the programming department and drive the implementation of the station’s programming strategy to increase audiences. i. Understand and assess the internal and external processes of the Fund; ii.*LYHDQLQWHUJUDGHGYLHZRI5RDG)XQG¶V3URFHVVHV To view detailed job functions and minimum requirements of the positions, please log onto the SABC’s website @ www.sabc.co.za iii. Identify and document Road Fund controls; Closing date: 10 NOVEMBER 2019 iv. Identify strengths and weaknesses of the current processes; and To apply for the positions log onto the SABC’s website @ www.sabc.co.za or follow the v.3URGXFHGRFXPHQWDWLRQRIDOOEDVHOLQHSURFHVVHV link https://career2.successfactors.eu/career?company=sabcsoclim mg_11283 Interested Consultants shall get an electronic copy of a detailed Request for Propos- als from Road Fund website www.roadfund.org.ls from the 8th November 2019 and VACANCY responses to the request shall be expected on or before to the 6th January 2020. All communication relating to this Call for Proposals should be addressed to: BULLETIN The Road Fund Senior Secretariat Engineer Email address: [email protected] EXCITING OPPORTUNITY FOR PEOPLE WHO WANT TO MAKE A DIFFERENCE 11380M&G DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH The Western Cape Department of Health has embarked on a transformation journey, guided by its Healthcare 2030 vision and in line with the WHO framework for integrated people-centred health care systems. The transformation strategy comprises of three interlinked components, namely Service Transformation, Good Governance and Leadership and Organisational Culture Strategy. This can result in the current job functions being amended to meet the future service VACANCY requirements and focus. TYGERBERG HOSPITAL, PAROW VALLEY BULLETIN DIRECTOR: FINANCE Remuneration: R1 057 326 per annum EXCITING OPPORTUNITY FOR PEOPLE WHO WANT TO MAKE A DIFFERENCE (A portion of the package may be structured according to the individual’s personal needs.) PROVINCIAL TREASURY For detailed information on the above post/s visit our website at: CHIEF DIRECTOR: LOCAL GOVERNMENT PUBLIC FINANCE www.westerncape.gov.za/health-jobs Remuneration: All-inclusive salary package of R1 251 183 per annum (Salary level 14) Candidates are welcome to access the website at Cape Gateway address: Reference Number: PT 2019-42 4 Dorp Street, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa. The WCG is guided by the principles Closing date: of Employment Equity. Candidates with 22 November 2019 To view the advertisement content and how to apply, please visit disabilities are encouraged to apply and an https://westerncapegov.erecruit.co indication in this regard would be appreciated. The WCG is guided by the principles of Employment Equity. Disabled candidates 138206 M&G www.thecandocompany.co.za are encouraged to apply and an indication in this regard would be appreciated.

TENDER ADVERT FOR MAIN CONTRACTOR Closing date: 11 November 2019

Bids are hereby invited for: www.ayandambanga.co.za 138204 www.thecandocompany.co.za

BID No. PROJECT NAME HCT-08-2019-B DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIAL HOUSING SCHEME ON ERF hE/h>h ŝƐ Ă ĐŽŵƉƌĞŚĞŶƐŝǀĞ hŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJ ŽīĞƌŝŶŐ ĂƉƉƌŽdžŝŵĂƚĞůLJ ϮϱϮ ĂĐĐƌĞĚŝƚĞĚ ĚĞŐƌĞĞ͕ 3525 AND 3526 MARABASTAD, PRETORIA EXTENSION 14 ĚŝƉůŽŵĂ ĂŶĚ ĐĞƌƟĮĐĂƚĞ ĐŽƵƌƐĞƐ ĂĐƌŽƐƐ ŝƚƐ &ĂĐƵůƟĞƐ ŽĨ ƌƚƐ͖ ĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ͖ ^ĐŝĞŶĐĞ ĂŶĚ – 509units ŐƌŝĐƵůƚƵƌĞ͖ĂŶĚŽŵŵĞƌĐĞ͕ĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶĂŶĚ>ĂǁĂƚƚŚĞ<ǁĂůĂŶŐĞnjǁĂĂŶĚZŝĐŚĂƌĚƐĂLJ CIDB Grading 8 GB PE or Higher ĐĂŵƉƵƐĞƐ͘dŚĞhŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJďĞůŝĞǀĞƐŝŶƉƌŽŵŽƟŶŐĂĐƵůƚƵƌĞŽĨůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐŝŶĂŶĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚƚŚĂƚ ŝƐĐŽŶĚƵĐŝǀĞƚŽƉĞƌƐŽŶĂůŐƌŽǁƚŚĂŶĚĂĐĂĚĞŵŝĐĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ͘ Project Scope: Development of 4, 7 and 8 storey buildings that houses 509 dŚĞhŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJŽĨƵůƵůĂŶĚŝƐĐƵƌƌĞŶƚůLJƐĞĞŬŝŶŐƚŽĞŵƉůŽLJĂĐĂƉĂďůĞƉĞƌƐŽŶŝŶƚŚĞ rental units (plus a gate houses refuse bay, underground plant ĨŽůůŽǁŝŶŐƉŽƐŝƟŽŶ͗ room) within 18 months Bid Documents availabil- Documents will be available as of the 4 November 2019 D/WK^d ity from: and can be collected (with Proof of payment) at the Housing &h>dzK&KDDZ͕D/E/^dZd/KEE>t &RPSDQ\7VKZDQH +&7 RI¿FHVRQJURXQGÀRRUVKRSV WZdDEd :Kd/d> Z&EK͘ Bothongo Plaza, Francis Baard Street ƵƐŝŶĞƐƐDĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌͬƐƐŽĐŝĂƚĞWƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌͬ^ĞŶŝŽƌ>ĞĐƚƵƌĞƌ D>ϮϬϭϵͬϭϬͬϬϭ Bid Costs: 5 2QH7KRXVDQG5DQGVRQO\ QRQUHIXQGDEOHIHH inclusive of VAT. Payable to HCT, in the following Bank Account: >K^/E'd͗ϭϬEKsDZϮϬϭϵ Bank name: ABSA For full post requirements, please log on to the University’s website and click on vacancies ;ŚƩƉ͗ͬͬǁǁǁ͘ƵŶŝnjƵůƵ͘ĂĐ͘njĂͬǀĂĐĂŶĐŝĞƐͬͿ. To Account name: Housing Company Tshwane ĂƉƉůLJĨŽƌƚŚĞƐĞƉŽƐŝƟŽŶƐ͕ƉůĞĂƐĞůŽŐŽŶƚŽWŶĞƚ͘ĐŽ͘njĂ͘/ĨŶŽƚƌĞŐŝƐƚĞƌĞĚ͕ƉůĞĂƐĞƌĞŐŝƐƚĞƌĂŶĚĂƉƉůLJĨŽƌƚŚĞĂƉƉƌŽƉƌŝĂƚĞƉŽƐŝƟŽŶ͘ŶƐƵƌĞ Account number: 405 748 187 9 ƚŚĂƚLJŽƵĐŽŵƉůĞƚĞƚŚĞƋƵĞƐƟŽŶŶĂŝƌĞĂƐƉĞƌƚŚĞƐƉĞĐŝĮĐƉŽƐƚ͘WůĞĂƐĞŶŽƚĞŶŽĂƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶƐƚŚƌŽƵŐŚĂŶLJŽƚŚĞƌŵĞĂŶƐǁŝůůďĞĂĐĐĞƉƚĞĚ͘ Branch name: Pretoria WůĞĂƐĞ ŝŶĚŝĐĂƚĞ ĐůĞĂƌůLJ ƚŚĞ ƌĞĨĞƌĞŶĐĞ ŶƵŵďĞƌ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ ƌĞƐƉĞĐƟǀĞ ĂƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶ ŽŶ LJŽƵƌ ĞŵĂŝů ƐƵďũĞĐƚ ůŝŶĞ͘ ŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶ ǁŝůů ďĞ Branch code: 323345 ĞŶƚĞƌĞĚŝŶƚŽǁŝƚŚƐŚŽƌƚͲůŝƐƚĞĚĐĂŶĚŝĚĂƚĞƐŽŶůLJ͘EŽŚĂŶĚͲĚĞůŝǀĞƌĞĚŽƌƉŽƐƚĞĚĂƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶƐǁŝůůďĞĂĐĐĞƉƚĞĚ͘ 5HIHUHQFH+&7% “While the University of Zululand strives for equal opportunities, preference will be given to suitable candidates, particularly females and people with disabilities, in terms of the University’s employment equity policy” The University reserves the right NOT Compulsory Site In- 7KHEULH¿QJVHVVLRQZLOOEHKHOGDWRQ)ULGD\ to make an appointment or to appoint at a different level as per the advert VSHFWLRQ %LG%ULH¿QJ November 2019,on site, Corner cowie Street and Johannes Meeting: Ramokhoase Streets, in Marabastad, West of the Pretoria CBD. EŽĂƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶƐŵĂĚĞĂŌĞƌƚŚĞĐůŽƐŝŶŐĚĂƚĞǁŝůůďĞĂĐĐĞƉƚĞĚ͘/ĨLJŽƵĚŽŶŽƚŵĞĞƚƚŚĞŵŝŶŝŵƵŵƌĞƋƵŝƌĞŵĞŶƚƐƉůĞĂƐĞĚŽŶŽƚĂƉƉůLJ͘ The GPS coordinates of the centre of the site are as follows: Lattitude 25°45’03”S, Longitude 28°12’37”E Bid Closing: 12:00 noon, on 2 December 2019. Bids will subsequently be a RSHQHGLQSXEOLFDWWKH+&7RI¿FHVRQJURXQGÀRRUVKRSV Bothongo Plaza, Francis Baard Street. No late bids will be accepted. 11385M&G www.ursonline.co.za 38 Mail & Guardian November 1 to 7 2019 Tenders, Notices & Classifieds

The Bio Innovation Africa Program, a new programme, aims to enhance the European- VACANCY ANNOUNCEMENT African cooperation for biodiversity-based innovations and products based on fair and equitable EHQH¿WVKDULQJIRUELRGLYHUVLW\FRQVHUYDWLRQLVGHYHORSHG7KHDGYLVRU\VHUYLFHVRIWKHSURMHFW Background: The Programme “Cooperation for the Enhancement of Southern African are primarily aimed at public and private sector partners in the partner country South Africa, Development Community (SADC) Regional Economic Integration” (CESARE) supports SADC in DVZHOODVDWXVHUVRIELRGLYHUVLW\EDVHGLQJUHGLHQWVLQ*HUPDQ\DQG(XURSH2QHRIWKHVLVWHU economic development as well as good governance. Its main cooperation partner is the SADC SURMHFWV LV WKH UHJLRQDO FRPSRQHQW ³$%6 FRPSOLDQW ELRWUDGH LQ 6RXWK HUQ $IULFD´ $%LR6$  secretariat in Gaborone, Botswana. The Programme is further implemented in cooperation with FR¿QDQFHGE\WKH6ZLVV6HFUHWDULDWRI(FRQRPLF$IIDLUV 6(&2 ZKRVHREMHFWLYHLVWREXLOG national governments of SADC member states as well as with associations and companies of DKLJKJURZWKLQQRYDWLYHELRWUDGHVHFWRUWKDWFUHDWHVMREVDQGFRQWULEXWHVWRVXVWDLQDEOHXVH the private sector and civil society. One of the four measures the programme consists of is the RIELRGLYHUVLW\LQ6RXWK$IULFD,WLVIRUHVHHQWKDWWKH%LR,QQRYDWLRQDQG$%LR6$SURJUDPPHV Private Sector Development component of the Joint Action “Support towards Industrialization will be complementary with each other and function in a synergistic approach as both these DQGWKH3URGXFWLYH6HFWRUV 6,36 LQWKH6$'&UHJLRQ´ZKLFKLV¿QDQFHGE\WKH(8DQGWKH SURMHFWVDUHZRUNLQJZLWKWKHVDPHVWDNHKROGHUJURXSV German Government. In this framework, GIZ takes over the implementation of two result areas: To enhance the Private Sector Participation in the Regional Leather and in the Regional Anti- 7RVWUHQJWKHQWKHWHDPZHDUHORRNLQJWR¿OOWZRSRVLWLRQV Retroviral (ARV) Value Chains (VC). The work within the Regional Leather VC will include providing and organizing advice as well as training regarding farming, slaughtering and tanning processes, further processing into leather (intermediary) goods as well as their marketing. It also 6HQLRU7HFKQLFDO$GYLVRU includes the organization of public-private dialogues to improve the regulatory environment for the 1DWLRQDO$%6LPSOHPHQWDWLRQIRUFRQVHUYDWLRQDQGVXVWDLQDEOHXVHRI%LRGLYHUVLW\ industry. The Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH therefore %LR,QQRYDWLRQ$IULFDSURJUDPPHLVORRNLQJIRUDWHFKQLFDODGYLVRUWRPDQDJHWKHLPSURYHPHQW LQYLWHVVXLWDEO\TXDOL¿HGH[SHULHQFHGLQQRYDWLYHLQGLYLGXDOVWRDSSO\IRUWKHSRVLWLRQ RI VXE QDWLRQDO IUDPHZRUNV IRU$FFHVV DQG %HQH¿W 6KDULQJ $%6  DLPLQJ DW FRQVHUYDWLRQ and sustainable use of biodiversity through advisory services and organising various capacity Technical Advisor: Coordinator Regional Leather Value Chain building formats for actors from government, civil society, research and the private sector and SURYLGHUVRIJHQHWLFUHVRXUFHV7KHSRVLWLRQZLOOEHEDVHGDWWKH*,=+DW¿HOGRI¿FHVLQ3UHWRULD Job Title : Technical Advisor - Regional Leather Value Chain WKHDVVLJQPHQWFRPSULVHVD¿[HGWHUPHPSOR\PHQWFRQWUDFWLQLWLDOO\OLPLWHGWR\HDUIURP Job Category : Professional, Band 4 -DQXDU\WR-XQH Location : Gaborone, Botswana 7HFKQLFDO$GYLVRU Project : GIZ “Cooperation for the Enhancement of Southern African Development 9DOXH&KDLQV%XVLQHVV2XWUHDFKDQG0DWFKPDNLQJ Community (SADC) Regional Economic Integration” programme %LR,QQRYDWLRQ$IULFDSURJUDPPHLVORRNLQJIRUDWHFKQLFDODGYLVRUWR2UJDQLVLQJDQGIDFLOLWDWLQJ Duration : until February 2023 (start immediately) YDULRXVIRUPDWVIRUNQRZOHGJHH[FKDQJHFDSDFLW\EXLOGLQJDQGPDWFKPDNLQJIRUDQGEHWZHHQ Key Responsibilities: providers and users, including intermediaries along the selected value chains, the assignment • Prepare an in-depth analysis of development opportunities within the Regional Leather VC, an FRPSULVHVD¿[HGWHUPHPSOR\PHQWFRQWUDFWLQLWLDOO\OLPLWHGWR\HDUIURP-DQXDU\WR intervention strategy and an operational plan for the value chain; Increase value creation within -XQH the Leather VC in the SADC region &RPSUHKHQVLYH'HWDLOVDERXWWKHVHSRVLWLRQVFDQEHIRXQGXQGHUWKHIROORZLQJOLQN7%& ‡ (QVXUHDFORVHFRRUGLQDWLRQZLWKEHQH¿FLDULHVDQGWKHSULYDWHVHFWRULQSUHSDULQJDQGXSGDWLQJ the strategy and activity plans of the measure (Steering Structure) 6XLWDEOHFDQGLGDWHVVKRXOGDSSO\IRUWKHLUSUHIHUUHGSRVLWLRQE\VXEPLWWLQJWKHLUGHWDLOHG • Cooperate intensively with the private sector to understand and overcome binding constraints &9DQGDPRWLYDWLRQOHWWHUWR [email protected]DWWHQWLRQ+HDGRI8QLW'RURWKH\ WRJURZWK RUFKHVWUDWHSULYDWHSXEOLFGLDORJXHVSROLF\DGYLFHSURFXUHPHQW¿QDQFLDOJUDQWVDQG 7DDLERVFK7KH6XEMHFWOLQHPXVWEHWKHQDPHRIWKHSUHIHUUHGSRVLWLRQ all other instruments that lead to a positive development within the Leather VC) &ORVLQJGDWHIRUDSSOLFDWLRQV1RYHPEHU • Organize the provision of trainings for numerous small and medium enterprises in the SADC 2QO\VKRUWOLVWHGFDQGLGDWHVZLOOEHLQIRUPHG region on a multitude of subjects such as management, marketing, new production technologies, reducing environmental footprints etc. $SSOLFDWLRQVZLWKRXWDPRWLYDWLRQOHWWHUZLOOQRWEHFRQVLGHUHG PJB • Generate relevant business contacts and linkages through cooperation with business associations and businesses within and beyond SADC countries throughout the VC. • Closely interact with the SADC Secretariat and with the governments of the member states concerned, especially on policy related measures; Ensure consistent communication with the (8DQGRWKHU,QWHUQDWLRQDO&RRSHUDWLRQ3DUWQHUVRQVXEMHFWVUHOHYDQWWRWKHPHDVXUH ‡ 3ODQDQGPRQLWRUWKHHI¿FLHQWXVHRISURMHFW¿QDQFHVUHFHLYLQJJXLGDQFHDQGVXSSRUWE\WKH Component Team Leader and the Programme Finance Manager • Technical management of all staff within the VC (3 full-time technical advisors and additional support staff, based in different SADC Member States) • Maintain and update a Monitoring and Evaluation system for the VC according to the UHTXLUHPHQWVRIWKH(8WKH*HUPDQ*RYHUQPHQW6$'&WKHSULYDWHVHFWRUUHSUHVHQWDWLYHVDV well as the standards of GIZ • Support the programme manager in preparing high quality reporting towards the different stakeholders and in further administrative processes General Requirements • Based on the large scope of the value chain, different types of initial trainings can represent REQUEST FOR PROPOSALS FOR CONSULTANCY SERVICES AS adequate foundations for the position. These include university degrees in leather technique, advanced non-university technical trainings in leather processing / tanning, but also initial PROJECT MANAGER AND TECHNICAL AUTHOR TO DEVELOP trainings in other areas such as agriculture or economics. • Additional relevant professional trainings and courses are an asset. THE FIRST TECHNICAL DRAFT OF THE GOOD RESEARCH Skills and Experience MANAGEMENT PRACTICE STANDARD ‡ ([WHQVLYHZRUNLQJH[SHULHQFHLQWDQQHULHV WHFKQLFDODQGRUPDQDJHPHQWIXQFWLRQV LGHDOO\ processing bovine hides. ‡ 3URYHQH[SHULHQFHLQTXDOLW\DVVXUDQFHSURFHVVHVDQGWHFKQRORJLFDOXSJUDGLQJ The African Academy of Sciences (AAS) invites eligible and qualified consultants ‡ ,GHDOO\DGGLWLRQDOZRUNLQJH[SHULHQFHZLWKLQWKH5HJLRQDO/HDWKHU9&XSVWUHDPRUGRZQVWUHDP to bid for services as indicated in the table below: RI WDQQLQJ7KLV FDQ LQFOXGH H[SHULHQFH ZLWK OHDWKHUUHODWHG TXDOLW\ DVVXUDQFH SURFHVVHV LQ IDUPLQJDQGVODXJKWHULQJRUH[SHULHQFHZLWKOHDWKHUSURFXUHPHQWIURPSURGXFHUVDVZHOODV Tender Number Tender Description Closing Date ZLWKOHDWKHUSURFHVVLQJFRPSDQLHVIRUH[DPSOHVKRHDQGKDQGEDJPDQXIDFWXUHUV • Ideally, an established track record in representing the industry through association work and in AAS/RFP/009/2019 RFP for consultancy services as 13/12/2019 interaction with the public sector. • Familiarity with institutions, organization, actors, processes and mechanisms in the leather Project Manager for advising on 1700hrs EAT sector including ((inter-)national and regional) regulatory agencies ‡ ([SHULHQFHLQSURMHFWPDQDJHPHQW the development process of the • Diplomatic and strong communication skills, self-motivated First Technical Draft of the Good $SSOLFDQWVZKRDSSO\VKRXOGHQFORVHFXUUHQW&9FHUWL¿HGFRSLHVRIFHUWL¿FDWHVSDVVSRUW Research Management Practice ,'FRS\DQGWZRWUDFHDEOHUHIHUHQFHV (GRMP) standard $SSOLFDWLRQVVKRXOGEHDGGUHVVHGWR7KH+XPDQ5HVRXUFHV0DQDJHU3%DJ;9LOODJH Gaborone, E-mail address : [email protected] AAS/RFP/010/2019 RFP for consultancy services as 13/12/2019 OR Technical Author for writing the 1700hrs EAT +DQGGHOLYHUHGWRVWÀRRU0RUXOD+RXVH3ORW3ULPH3OD]D1HZ&%'*DERURQH First Technical Draft of the Good &ORVLQJGDWHIRUDSSOLFDWLRQLV1RYHPEHUDW Research Management Practice )RUIXUWKHULQIRUPDWLRQSOHDVHFRQWDFW+5XQLWDW   (GRMP) standard 3OHDVHQRWHWKDWRQO\VKRUWOLVWHGFDQGLGDWHVZLOOEHFRQWDFWHG mg_11382 Request for Proposal documents with detailed requirements can be downloaded from the AAS website through the below link: Notice MUNKOMBWE last maintenance order and by the High Court as heard of at House that each party bears unopposed and without https://www.aasciences.ac.ke/tenders/ IN THE HIGH COURT Number N75 Lwendulu its own costs of suit. If any further notice to you. DATED AT BULAWAYO OF ZIMBABWE Village, Hwange. you wish to oppose this Proposals should be submitted strictly via email to procurement@aasciences. CASE NO HC 1538/19 TAKE NOTICE that action you are required THIS 8TH DAY OF HELD AT BULAWAYO your wife PRISCILLA to fi le your notice of JULY 2019 ac.ke and marked as follows on the subject line: ‘AAS/RFP/009/2019 - RFP In the matter MUNKOMBWE (NEE Appearance to Defend for Project Manager for the Development of the GRMP Standard’ or ‘AAS/ between:- NDLOVU) (herein with the Registrar of the THE REGISTRAR PRISCILLA called the “Plaintiff ”) has High Court of Zimbabwe, HIGH COURT OF RFP/010/2019 - RFP for Technical Author for Writing the First Technical MUNKOMBWE (NEE instituted action against Bulawayo and serve the ZIMBABWE Draft of GRMP Standard’. NDLOVU) you in this Honourable same on the Plaintiff ’s BULAWAYO. PLAINTIFF Court wherein she Legal Practitioners Plaintiff ’s address of AND prays for an order for whose address of service is: Applications submitted later than the indicated closing date and time TATIAS MUNKOMBWE a decree of divorce service is as provided, LEGAL AID DEFENDANT on the grounds of the within twenty-one DIRECTORATE shall automatically be disqualified. DIVORCE ACTION- irretrievable break down days (21) days of this Mhlahlandlela Complex SHORTENED VERSION of the marriage and an advertisement. Should The African Academy of Sciences reserves the right to accept or reject any OF SUMMONS order that the Plaintiff be you fail to comply with 2nd Entrance, Block awarded custody of the the above, this claim will C, 5th Floor application. TO: TATIAS minor child and also a be heard and dealt with BULAWAYO (DN/lad) Mail & Guardian November 1 to 7 2019 39 Books Parsing Kabila through rumba

‘Chimurenga Chronic: the dance of army-state relations within and between Zimbabwe Who Killed Kabila II’ and the Democratic Republic of sees memories of the the Congo: sometimes intimately touching; sometimes aloof; often past battle the future taking orders from the same ani- mateurs. Owuor’s is a classic sebene Gwen Ansell — almost the whole volume in min- iature — that uses Makiadi’s lyrics as riting about soundtrack, leitmotif and launching music is pad for a 13-part tone poem about like dancing the illusions of postcolonial state- ‘Wabout archi- hood and the pain of seeking truth. tecture.” “This tale,” she says, “pokes at the Somebody once said that — my thick walls of our suppressed collec- money’s on Thelonius Monk, but tive keening, the hidden tearing of Quote Investigator credits an hairs, the scarring/ marring of our obscure US comedian called Martin skins, the pleading for forgiveness, Mull — and now everybody cites it. the wondering how to forgive the If you, too, defi ne such activities as betrayal, how to dream anew even category errors, what on earth will when the memories of what have you make of the latest Chimurenga gone before battle with the future.” Chronic: Who Killed Kabila II, which I had not read anything of Caine — despite being a silent, extremely prize-winner Owuor’s before: her solid, board-bound text — is “con- lyrical virtuosity will send me to a ceived as a sebene … it might make bookshop for more. you weep but you can dance to it”? We all know, in the law-court sense, But then the Chronic always Dancing while we weep: A statue of former Democratic Republic of the Congo president Laurent-Désiré Kabila “who” killed Kabila. Yet the Chronic messes with our heads: that’s part of on the 18th anniversary of his assassination — January 16 2019 — in Kinshasa. Photo: John Wessels/AFP investigation unveils things and peo- the reason it exists. So let’s consider ple we did not know, off ering memo- why somebody might want to frame In early rumba it was the tions; then the singers returned with rable little riff s on, for example, Mama a book as a piece of music; why that passage where so-called their sweet, unifying harmonies. Who Nelly Ngoie, Kabila’s powerful private text and that music in particular — “Latin” musical elements cares about colonial divide-and-rule secretary, and multiple other, until and do we end up dancing? were most dramatically re- when we know who we are, asked now faceless, factotums and victims. When, in 1989, conservative ideo- indigenised — they originated the discourse of the dance. Presenting such a pan-African logue Francis Fukuyama declared in Africa — and repurposed. That’s pretty much what this panorama is one of the ways Who “the end of history”, the history he Guitar master Franco Luambo edition of the Chronic does. Killed Kabila II fulfils the final had in mind was linear and unidirec- Makiadi told several interview- The history displaced by colo- function of rumba, in bringing us tional, and its end, “the universalisa- ers (I’m paraphrasing): “None nialists’ praise-songs to their together. The narrative locates us tion of Western liberal democracy”. of us understood Spanish, but own victories was polyphonic all in African Time — not in the lazy, Or, as others might put it, a masked we pulled words that sounded and multifarious: oral and writ- pejorative sense of that term, but as version of the hegemonic neoliberal- good out of the Spanish dic- ten, poetic, sung, meticulously Owuor plays it: a chronology where ism that naturalises rigged markets tionary and used them, what- researched, memorised and memories of the past “battle with the as free markets and freedom for ever they meant.” Colonial dreamed. The history explored future” in the now, on this continent. some as freedom for all (rather than, words and sonic gestures by Who Killed Kabila II is The story of Kabila’s demise jumps as musician Jonas Gwangwa more were being stormed and occu- presented as fiction, faction, all the borders colonialists drew and correctly puts it, freedom for none). pied long before Government investigation, letter and lyric. ignored as it suited them; it was never Step outside a straight-line history House was. It comes from eight distinctive a Congolese story alone. Chimurenga’s text to explore who killed Laurent- Sebene, rather than the voices and half-a-dozen country sebene unites us, too, in understand- Désiré Kabila and you find your- straight line of the melody, perspectives, alluding to more ing who and what the enemy is, self in a very diff erent space. Jump was how, through the genius of than a hundred characters because that enemy didn’t die with aboard sebene as an alternative the guitarists, audiences could (Kwame Nkrumah, Thomas Kabila. mode of transport, and you land up experience the excitement of Sankara, Walter Rodney, Makiadi had a song for that too: somewhere far more interesting and the new, in punctuations, ten- Emmerson Mnangagwa and one of his most famous, a lament liminal. It’s not simply that Kabila sions and antiphonies that more). This is the Tout Puissant about a greedy, brutal, domineering is Congolese, and sebene is part of inspired the invention of dance OK band that storms, occupies partner. In the song the man is called Congolese music — it’s what that moves. Change is coming, sang and displaces linear history and Mario, but he could have as easily music is, says and does. the chiming guitars. historiography. have been called France, or America, The sebene, explains Rough But those tensions were It’s invidious to select among or International Diamond Industries Guide’s Graeme Ewens, is that part resolved: a slogan-shouting eight breathtakingly innovative or the International Monetary Fund: of a number “when the slow rumba animateur — “Kwassa kwassa!” solos, but the two that really got Mobali akuti ngai na bangenge/ breaks, singers stand back and the — brought the moves together me dancing were by Percy Zvomuya Asengi adiriger ngai na ndimi (He multiple guitars go to work on the on the fl oor; repetitive call-and- and Yvonne Owuor. Zvomuya’s found me enjoying wealth. He asked dancers.” But what sebene really is, is response between instruments thoughtful tango, “Emmerson me if he could take control of it — anticolonial praxis. shaped communal conversa- Dambudzo Mnangagwa”, plays out and I said yes!)

LOOK GOOD, FEEL GOOD MASTERCLASS

29 November 2019, Saxon Hotel, Villas & Spa, Johannesburg

Make-up demonstration by CLARINS, including tips by experts on personal image, social etiquette and wellness

Get ready for the holiday season!

Book early, to secure your seat and goodie bag. Visit https://qkt.io/MGClarins or call 11 250 7300 or email [email protected] if you have queries or require group discount.

Partners 40 Mail & Guardian November 1 to 7 2019 Legacy Re-memoring Madibuseng

We re-examine Lebo and her incredible self confidence.” When Mathosa went solo, her Mathosa’s legacy as a curly platinum-blonde hair, thinly biopic about the singer’s tweezed brows, hazel eyes and less- is-more aesthetic was the moment life hits our screens when Brenda Fassie and Madonna met Beyoncé from ekasi. Zaza Hlalethwa Witnessing Lebo t’s the early 1990s. Kwaito music When asked about Mathosa’s pres- has our attention. A group by ence on stage, Setshwaelo says the the name Boom enters the only way to describe her is by likening Iscene through a wavy jam with her to a “woman literally possessed” a slow start. The opening keys because she performed free of the of what sounds like a kwaito take on inhibitions of virtuous womanhood. a UFO-like synthesiser ease us into There’s a 2001 video of Mathosa Theo Nhlengethwa singing the first performing as a part of a Marianne verse. Then in comes another voice: Fassler South African Fashion Week a nasal and sultry vibrato instrument show. Wearing a red, low-cut corset that can be likened to the sound of a and a matching, sheer, thigh-high cello. Lebo Mathosa doesn’t just sing slit skirt, Mathosa oscillates between “it’s about time to listen to Boom isipantsula and a belly dance rou- Shaka” — she declares it. tine. She kicks, squats and winds her In a few days Vicom’s channel BET waist with an endearing smile on her Africa will premier a six-part biopic face, never losing her breath. With on Mathosa’s life. Shortly thereafter, nothing on the stage but a swing that the Old Johannesburg Warehouse she occasionally sits on, she keeps all will auction off the rights to her eyes on her. entire music output. And this performance wasn’t an To put the biopic together, South outlier. No matter the crowd or the African production house Ochre event, Mathosa’s mission was to Media partnered with the depart- Drama queen: Lebo Mathosa capture he audience. When asked ment of trade and industry, Viacom performing at a Missy Elliot about her most memorable Mathosa and the Gauteng Film Commission. concert in 2005 (above) and performance, Setshwaelo remem- On the biopic’s set, Monde Twala, Mathosa and Boom Shaka bers her being given a three-and-a- vice-president of BET Africa, tells the bandmate Thembi Seete half-minute slot at the 2006 Kora Mail & Guardian that the process (left). Mathosa died in 2006 All Africa Awards. “For the first min- of “securing funding, biographical but continues to influence ute, the audience was dead silent information and permission to use local musicians. Photos: Lefty with open mouths. For the remain- the music” took four years. Dream: Shivambu/Getty Images and ing two-and-a-half minutes the The Lebo Mathosa Story is the first Oupa Bopape/Gallo Images crowd got to their feet and roared,” local biopic from BET Africa. Setshwaelo laughs. The six parts of the series, which For this magic to happen, Mathosa will run for 44 minutes each, will insisted on being hands-on with remake Mathosa’s journey through the execution of every performance. themes of migration (being uprooted Setshwaelo remembers her custom- from her birthplace in Ga-Rankuwa ising every dancer’s outfit or fight- to live in Daveyton), identity discov- ing event co-ordinators for the best ery (through intimate relationships) sound and lighting. Those who wit- and democracy (the narrow freedom nessed her process closely say the to move between different socioeco- price Mathosa had to pay for her nomic settings). uncompromising commitment to her Speaking to the M&G, the biopic’s art was coming to terms with being director, Portia Gumede, says that labelled “difficult” or “bitchy” for the plot focuses on the life experi- wanting things done her way. ences that moulded Mathosa’s art- istry. “We kept clear of tabloid or Understanding Lebo mythical driven narrative, however, Considering the above recollection, there is no avoiding unearthing the there’s a national consensus in line unknown — tastefully — which we with Twala’s opinion that “if the believe we did well,” Gumede says. world puts Rihanna or Madonna up, The Universal Music Group con- we’ll bring Lebo”. firmed that it currently owns the Over and above her sonic, social rights to Mathosa’s music. Although and aesthetic legacy, the likes of the Old Johannesburg Warehouse Madondo refer to Mathosa as an could not give M&G an exact date for “activist” because of the level of own- the auction, it says its staff are cur- ership and independence that she rently collating a song catalogue and was able to negotiate at a time when compiling a report on annual record it was unheard of among her peers. sales and royalties. When the auction Speaking about when she began does commence, any South African There was also the memorable remain so,” she said at the time. success or evil alienate you/ Remain working with the icon as her publi- with the budget will have the chance 1998 South African Music Awards And so the saga continued when you, the real you/ Stay true to your- cist, Setshwaelo recalls how Mathosa to own Mathosa’s music. (Samas), at which they offered a Mathosa the solo artist gave us self/ Be an example of perseverance “released her debut album, com- As the memory of Mathosa is being reprise of Nkosi Sikelel’ iAfrika. Dream (2000), Drama Queen (2004) and dedication.” pletely self-financed”. By so doing, refreshed in the collective mind of During this performance Boom and Lioness (2006). The solo dis- she was able to secure full publishing South Africa, the M&G attempts to Shaka turned the prayer-like num- cography earned her Samas for best Looking like Lebo rights and ownership of her work. reimagine, or rather, recanonise her ber into a groove by pairing the lyrics dance album, on two occasions, as With regards to her sartorial canon, Yet, the activist label extended at a time when our everyday sociopo- with a dance beat that encouraged well as best dance single and best we watched Mathosa go from a care- beyond matters of ownership. The litical lexicon is ready to archive the a get-down. Although some people, female vocalist. free teen to possessing unyielding visible nature of Mathosa’s intersec- trajectory of such a grand figure. such as writer and black pop archi- If awards are anything to go by, allure. As the lead of Boom Shaka, tional existence was also activism. With only 12 years on her career vist Bongani Madondo, perceived it such appreciation seems inevita- her and Thembi Seete’s match- It was in her openly but never clock — Mathosa died in a car crash as an attempt “to free [the anthem] ble when considering her range. ing looks won the hearts of trend- declaratory bisexuality, her ghetto- in 2006 — a lot had to give for her from its struggle history slumber”, Mathosa had so much talent to draw chasers and continue to do so today. fabulous take on R&B, her unapolo- to rise to and maintain an immortal others found it irreverent. from, she was able to offer us the Public figures such as DJ Doowap getic style and taking control of her level of stardom that is still being ref- Mathosa’s publicist, Marang reggae-esque Dangerous in the same and Nomuzi Mabena sport the same sensuality. erenced today. Setshwaelo, can attest to such reac- breath as the kwaito-meets-R&B waist-length braids in high ponytails, “Not to fetishise Mathosa as tions, having to deal with the press mantra I Love Music in the genre- sports-bra crop tops, high-waisted though she was staggeringly unique, Listening to Lebo and their “knee-jerk instinct to just bending Drama Queen. latex pants and Doc Marten boots. or as though she was a celebrated Following our It’s About Time intro- report on how outrageous” any pro- And although the tracks on her “Boom Shaka is a major influence in queer feminist above all,” says duction to Mathosa, we continued to ject that featured Mathosa was. But debut are not revisited as frequently, my craft and hairstyles,” DJ Doowap Madondo, “[But] her struggles as heed the call to “listen” when Boom the singer paid it no mind and would singles such as Spiritual Freedom told Superbalist. “They used to per- a black woman finding her artis- Shaka officially dropped their epon- clap back with statements such as show off the reach of her subject form and party at the nightclubs my tic mojo and her personal iden- ymous debut in 1994, all the way the one in her 2005 best dance album matter as a songwriter. In it Mathosa parents owned and would sometimes tity on the streets and club scene to the later albums that featured Sama award acceptance speech. “I’ve touches on getting lost in the maze of come over to my house … I would of Sin City were real … not merely tracks such as Thobela and Gcwala. always been controversial and I’ll capitalism by singing, “Never ever let always be in awe of Lebo Mathosa performance.” Mail & Guardian November 1 to 7 2019 41 Music Siphathiseni Mdlalose's road home

The musician's debut album, ‘Indlel’eyekhaya', defies genres in its blend of , gospel and R&B

Nobhongo Gxolo “Being boxed makes me anxious. When people pigeonhole you they ometimes pain — loss — can’t see you doing anything else … reverberates like white The album is a beautiful display of all noise. Shuts everything my influences. Plus, who knows what Blended vessel: Spha Mdlalose says being boxed into a genre makes her nervous; she describes her debut Sout so it’s all you can hear- I’m going to do next?” album Indlel’eyekhaya as a display of all her influences. Photo: Delwyn Verasamy not-hear. Pianissimo. Mdlalose mentions how gospel This is instinctive, befitting com- resonates with her: “That’s the music Mdlalose was born in , but to jazz. That transition changed the that exists eGoli. Many young musi- ing home after a good night — a that hits home.” She mentions the her family moved to Cape Town’s course of my life. It’s where I learnt I cians who’ve made the move from Thursday, two weeks before your opening track, Come Back to Me, say- Rondebosch East when she was nine. could do music.” the Mother City have been fortunate debut album, Indlel’eyekhaya, is ing, “At the beginning, the hymnal, A teacher recommended she attend She studied a bachelor of music at to land in a culture of “community released. You’ve spent the evening it’s similar to the way Zim Ngqawana Pinelands High School for the better the South African College of Music at and sharing that started at UCT ... with the guy responsible for mixing used to write — gospelly moving into access to resources and opportuni- the University of Cape Town (UCT). There was an unwritten rule that it, sifting through final song selec- something else.” Ntuli’s chord-play is ties. She calls the school, “The most When she got the chance, she moved when someone moves up they need tion, high spirits accompanied by simple. Soothing. A coaxing plea. Caucasian place you’ll ever find”. to Jo’burg. “Oh my God — no one to be booked. To make sure we all some gin. Forté. Seliyana has the reverence of Mdlalose admits to the move being builds a music career in Cape Town ate”. It’s this community that she You point out what you like, what thanksgiving, whereas Noah’s Ark a culture shock. “There was a certain … By the time I graduated I’d played tapped into for the recording of her you don’t, what sits right. The even- holds a neo-soul influence — edgy, kind of lifestyle people lived there all the venues. So if I wanted to take album. On Facebook, friends and ing allows it all: both highs and lows playful. It was originally released that I wasn’t accustomed to.” Still, things to the next level why would I fans refer to her and the music as in one frame, one bar. Legato. by Youthphemism, made up of the adjustment wasn’t always chaff- stay there?” “incredible”, “awesome”, “it goes in”. You get a call from your husband Ndumiso Manana (who doubles up ing. “That’s where I was introduced She refers to the jazz community They’re not wrong. asking when you’ll be home. Once as a backing vocalist on this album), you’re sharing space with him you Elizabeth Gaylord and Siphephelo learn that your mother’s father has Ndlovu. The song is produced by passed. The only grandfather you Bubele Booi and features Khwezi have left is gone. Diminuendo. Ziqubu on bass. Mdlalose acknowl- That Thursday the second track edges D’Angelo, Jill Scott, Glenn on the album hadn’t yet been bap- Lewis, Musiq Soulchild, and Maxwell tised. “I suck at naming songs — as some of her neo-soul go-tos when it’s something I hate about myself. she was growing up, admitting that When I play with bands it’s like: if it were possible, studying the genre ‘Which Untitled is this one?’ And I’ll — her first love — as a course or sub- have to sing a bit of the song to let ject, would have been first prize. “It them know,” says singer-songwriter was my dad’s doing — he’s an R&B- Siphathiseni “Spha” Mdlalose. slash-neo soul guy,” she says. “There was something about it The fourth track, When I Think while I was listening to it on repeat. of You, Pt. 1 is the prelude to Pt. 2, The church in it hits me and it which begins as a tender moment makes sense. He was super-religious. between mother and son, Zanokuhle, Sleeping over meant waking up for whom she says is living up to his Sunday church. No tummy-ache name. She’s trying to get him to say excuses. So this became a beautiful “Mama” and getting no joy. Finally tribute to him.” she says his name, a toy shaker for The title, finally, D 103 — her emphasis and the little one finally grandparents’ address when she was obliges. Cue Bokani Dyer’s serenade growing up. Perhaps it's not surpris- on the keys. Dyer also doubled-up as ing that the song without language, producer of the album. a scatting eulogy, becomes the dedi- She says that genres aren’t owned. cation to the man. Mdlalose has a “Labels are not a vibe.” For Mdlalose gravity to her voice that holds it in what is more important than genre place. A grandfather who was a pil- is: “Is it a good album? Is it some- lar, a disciplinarian, an elder “full of thing I can stand behind? Does it wisdom”. Simply, she says, “We loved move you? What’s the message? Does him. He was great.” it resonate with you?” It’s perhaps that love that has gar- nered such a visceral response from he launched her first offer- her audience. That, and the groove ing at Untitled Basement — an interplay between drummer Sin Braamfontein on August OFFERS THE BEST TALENT IN SA, Sphephelo Mazibuko, pianist Thandi 31. It was about three years Ntuli, and trumpeter Sthembiso in the making. When the show FROM COMEDIANS, MUSICIANS, Bhengu. “That’s the song people are was over, the band’s bassist, Shane AND MCS, FACILITATORS, DJS, loving. I keep asking ‘Niyithandela’ni Cooper, referred to it as an “electri- MAGICIANS, VOICE OVER le ngoma?’ I’m told: ‘It’s beautiful. It fying night”, saying he had never makes me cry.’ And I’m like — but played around such positive, beauti- ACTORS, PRESENTERS AND MORE. I’m not saying anything … ful, reciprocal energy. AVAILABLE DIRECT THROUGH “That’s the thing about music — About the album’s title she says, WWW.GOLIATHANDGOLIATH.COM | 011 431 1297 | [email protected] it humbles you. You’re a vessel — a “I don’t know man, English doesn’t nothing in this process,” she admits. slap like the home language.” And As an artist you give way. You’re she’s not wrong: The Road Home a conduit and, to an extent, you let simply doesn’t land the same. the music self-compose. And, like a “It’s tricky because Indlel’eyekhaya good parent, you let the music lead is not an easy name to market, to its own life. Various people — media brand. It doesn’t roll off the tongue and audience alike — described the even as a vernac name,” she says. 10-track album as “jazz”. At least “When I looked at the material — that’s what Mdlalose found when the majority was in my home lan- doing PR for the album. guage, or a mix of isiXhosa nesiZulu. “I don’t think of it as a jazz album So coming out with an English title or me as a jazz singer,” she says. would have been strange.” 42 Mail & Guardian November 1 to 7 2019 Photography THE PORTFOLIO Tseliso Monaheng

The founding members of Prophets of Da City hadn’t performed together in years. In 2015, the group that defied the man while blazing multiple trails from the late 1980s through to the mid-1990s got booked for a once-off performance at the Cape Town International Jazz Festival. ‘Rhodes’s statue was about to fall; students were demanding that fees follow that fellow towards the ground. It was lit! This performance was a celebra- tion of 25 years since their debut album, One World, got released. Their show happened on a Friday at the Bassline stage. In this frame are DJ Ready D, b-boy Ramone, and emcee Shaheen. They make up three of the four core elements of hip-hop. Prophets of Da City represent the evolution of young activists coming into consciousness during the heady 1980s, surrounded by The Genuines on one hand and Public Enemy on the other and feasting upon early hip-hop films dubbed on to VHS tapes — stuff like Wildstyle, Beat Street, Krush Groove. When 1976 was having its rewind moment, here came this group who was banned from the radio, who had of the past communing with the caster at Good Hope FM, a champion lying dorpies where talent abounds My friend, Sibongile, gave this to tour Europe until they burned present; of ghosts coming back to of the drifting scene, a mentor to but no one is willing to mould it. image to Professor Adam Haupt, out, reminding us that nothing’s remind us — black and brown peo- young people across a range of dis- Shaheen is part of the academy now, who wrote his doctoral thesis changed. At the press conference ple in this land of dispossession — to ciplines, and an innovator who’s in an anthropologist ripping apart on the seminal group. The symbol- before the performance, Shaheen keep marching, in a way. tune with the latest trends. Ramone concepts in lecture halls while still ism therein is a story for another said that they didn’t change the con- Prophets of Da City also represent still breakdances and continues to ripping mics in his spare time, as time. tent of their lyrics that much. what hip-hop heads become when impart jewels to youths who need evidenced by his timeless flow and There was an eerie undercurrent they grow older. Ready D is a broad- them, especially those living in out- swagger that night. Photo title: Universal Souljahz Mail & Guardian November 1 to 7 2019 43

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SUMMER TREATS Promotion is valid for new bookings made from 11 Oct - 08 Nov 2019. All rates are per person based on 2 adults sharing a 2 berth cabin and subject to availability, foreign exchange and fuel cost fluctuations. All cruise offers are capacity controlled and offering selected cabins at a specific price in line with MSC Cruises Dynamic Pricing Policy. Summer Treats promotion applies to selected departures only, subject to availability including 1 Drink Package (678W19) & R500 credit per cabin. Above cruise fares excludes mandatory port, service charges and insurance listed above. Single supplement applies and multiple berth cabins carry a surcharge. Promotions are not combinable with each other, but are combinable with MSC Voyagers Club discounts (except for Tandem).E&OE. Truth Don Die: South Africa R45.00 Who Killed Zimbabwe US$3 Kabila ll steps Mozambique M206.80 outside the Zambia K45 range of history Kenya Ksh305 Botswana Page 39 P45.00 Eswatini E45.00 / Lesotho M45.00 Namibia N$45.00 FridayNovember 1 to 7 2019 • mg.co.za/arts PDF Replica Digital Edition R25.00

Lebo Mathosa beyond the glamour and groove Page 40 PHOTO: GILLES BASSIGNAC/ GETTY BASSIGNAC/ GILLES IMAGES PHOTO: Remembering the Rumble in the Jungle This week marked 45 years since the epic fi ght between Muhammad Ali and George Foreman in Zaire (now the Democratic Republic of the Congo), dubbed “The Rumble in the Jungle”. Making his way back from numerous personal and public confrontations, Ali at 32 was the underdog compared to the muscular, big-hitting 25-year-old who had taken the world title in two rounds. Years later Foreman would say of the fi ght, “The biggest problem for me was that I went out to beat and destroy a boxer. Little did I know I’d be facing something greater than a boxer. He stood the test. He took everything I had and gave back worse. November 1 to 7 2019 • mg.co.za/sport I’ll remember that with the most fond memories. I was in the ring with Sport one of the greatest human beings I’ve ever met in my life.”

Together we will stand: The Springboks celebrate after beating Wales in the Rugby World Cup semifinal. They face England in the final this Saturday. Photo: Edgar Su/Reuters A final is how legends are born

Can this crop earn the right to join a group that the story of rugby in our country. In opposition into resignation. Japan England, however, are no Wales order to make history, however, we couldn’t fathom an answer and even or Japan. Their young forwards are includes and Nelson Mandela? will fi rst have to break it. a team as robust as Wales eventually some of the hungriest in “The roles are a little bit oppo- buckled under the pressure. and give no quarter without heavy Luke Feltham McCaw this weekend, every World site now,” says Du Randt. “They Unlike the 2007 final, in which payment first. The All Blacks will Cup-winning captain has now been [England] lost a pool game against White used only one permanent sub- likely have nightmares for weeks to s du Randt will be inducted into the Hall of Fame. us [in 2007] and now have to play stitute, we know that Rassie Erasmus come of Maro Itoje maniacally fl ing- inducted into the Should Siya Kolisi lift the Webb us in the fi nal after we’ve lost a pool rotates his entire pack to ensure ing himself over bodies at the break- World Rugby Hall of Ellis Trophy, the odds are that he game against New Zealand. maximum efficacy. The English down and onto the ball. OFame on Sunday night. would follow at some time in the “Hopefully the Springboks can attack may look more fl uid, but they Winning this game will undoubt- Unable to make the future and become the second black turn history around and be the fi rst are yet to face that prospect. edly require more than brute force. ceremony in Tokyo himself, his for- South African on the list (after team to win a World Cup after losing “I truly believe that for the first It’s late in the tournament, but that mer captain, John Smit, will sym- Nelson Mandela). a pool game,” Du Randt continues. time in this tournament, England might just up the efficacy of any bolically receive the honour on his “The more players we can get rec- “England were really good is going to be challenged in the tweaks to the approach. behalf. ognised at an international level, the against New Zealand so you fact that in our defensive struc- “It will be interesting to see if Of course, before we get to that better the Springboks will become,” might expect them to try ture we can create doubt in they can take it a little bit wider and there will be the small matter of du Randt says. and run the ball or the English attack,” says maybe use those opportunities a bit crowning a new world champion in “And the better the legacy as a play an expansive Hugo van As, currently more,” Van As says. “I think they . team and as individuals we’ll leave game. But, still, it the coach of Wits maybe could surprise and take one or Both Du Randt and Smit were on behind. In the end you want to be is a final so they University’s varsity two more balls earlier to the edges.” the frontline when Saturday’s ene- the best as a team and you want to be will take the points rugby side. The success or failure in assert- mies last met in a fi nal in 2007. The recognised by the world. The more that are up for grabs.” “I would believe that ing the South African gameplan will domineering pack they headed was Springboks that can achieve that the Just how far each side South Africa would determine the legacy of many in the instrumental in winning the penal- better.” will deviate from — or back themselves to camp. The brutal reality is no one ties that immacu- When Du Randt has his name be forced to alter — their prevent England from remembers nearly-men. Du Randt lately slotted that day. François Steyn called, he will take his place along- usual gameplan is the playing those seven, eight, nine, is in the Hall of Fame because he — the sole survivor of that 23-man side Smit and coach from pivotal question that may 10 phases. Either by slowing it reached the pinnacle of the sport squad — was the only other Bok to that victorious 2007 side. Others, resolve this game. down or creating havoc at the break —twice. get any other points on the board. such as and Victor In the case of the downs,” he says. Incidentally, it was Erasmus, All indications point to a similarly Matfi eld, have earned their status as Springboks, we know “Our strength is in the fact that then Free State boss, who tight wrangle taking place this week- inalienable South African legends at what the norm is: bully the every ruck and every breakdown brought him back into contention end. It likely won’t be pretty, and it the very least. has been a mess for the opposi- for the second time as a veteran. certainly won’t be easy, but on the Should the current crop follow Top of the props: Os tion. If South Africa can succeed in Now, once again, it will be his voice line is a guaranteed place in history. in their footsteps, Japan 2019 may du Randt has won two doing that it will make their attack that guides any willing and able With the induction of Richie well become an integral chapter in Rugby World Cups so much harder.” Springboks into the history books. 2 Mail & Guardian Sport November 1 to 7 2019 Sport Derby will test Rulani's resilience

Chiefs are the form side and a victory could cast further doubts over the Pirates coach's ability to navigate his team through some stormy seas

Eyaaz Matwadia themselves at opposite ends of the panorama. t is common to assume every- Amakhosi are soaring, while the thing is a nail if the only tool Bucs have won just three of their last On the ball: Samir Nurković of Kaizer Chiefs (top) and Ebrahim Seedat of Cape Town City. The forward is you have is a hammer. Football nine domestic games, a run that sees enjoying Amakhosi coach Middendorp’s new approach. Photo Ashley Vlotman/Gallo Images Ihas warned us too many times them 10 points off leaders Chiefs in in clichéd fashion that the game the Premier Soccer League. matches. They have a newfound possession in 2016 when they won tional five changes from their previ- is played on grass and not paper, This is a Telkom Knockout game, ruthless efficiency, displayed in their the English Premier League. ous outing. but that did not stop endless predic- but former Pirates captain Dan ability to be able to concede posses- Malesela doesn’t believe that this Whether this was done to hinder tions about Orlando Pirates’ fortunes Malesela is nevertheless concerned sion, but punish their opponents will stop the flow of Pirates football. Middendorp’s preparations is any- before they had even begun their about the side’s failure to capitalise when the ball does arrive at their feet He argued that the quality within the one's guess, but the German admit- treasure hunt. on their creativity. by being direct. Pirates’ ranks is just enough to open ted that he is not specifically focusing Neither did it halt the critique of “Things have not been going right, This is an approach that forward up any side at will, but they are just on any players but rather on stop- Kaizer Chiefs, which placed them as especially in terms of scoring goals. Samir Nurkovic in particular has lacking luck at the moment. ping the way Pirates play. a mid-table side before a single ball They have not been converting their been profiting from. That luck may just materialise as With doubts raised about was kicked. chances and, at the same time, they The German was counting on this Chiefs have not beaten Pirates since Mokwena’s ability after some poor Those predictions seemed on have this trend of conceding one or tactic when he spoke to journal- 2014 and the former captain believes results, the last thing he needs is to point, especially on the evidence of two. ists at Naturena on Wednesday. He Pirates coach Rulani Mokwena must exacerbate an already tough start to the Soweto derby that was played “I think that is the challenge that touched on Leicester City’s miracle use this as motivation for his team to his time as Pirates coach. before the start of the 2019-20 sea- they have,” he said season as an example to emphasise turn a corner. For Chiefs, victory will lift the son. Pirates cruised to a 2-0 victory in Chiefs coach Ernst Middendorp that you can be behind the ball for However, Pirates have been strug- awful hoodoo they’ve been saddled that match. has adopted a conservative philoso- the majority of a game and still come gling for consistency in their starting with since 2014 in the derby and give Things have changed somewhat phy until now. His side has kept out on top. 11 and, against Highlands Park on them an added sense of belief that since then and the two giants find four clean sheets in their last five The Foxes had an average of 44% Tuesday, Mokwena made an addi- they can break their trophy drought. A real beef: Please don’t use the V word

Luke Feltham ing why “plant-based” , but it turns vegan skin in the game. A couple out there is good reason to stay away of examples among the producers It doesn’t take long for The Game from the V words. are obvious. Titanic director James Changers to show itself for what it “Veganism and vegetarian are stig- Cameron is a founder of Verdient really is: an hour-and-a-half adver- matised,” Wilks told Men’s Health Foods, which, according to its web- tisement for vegan living. This is magazine. “We’re not trying to tell site, was “created to address the cur- not so much a tumble down the rab- people to go vegan. We are present- rent and future global sustainable bit hole as it is a clobbering over the ing the facts and letting people make plant-based protein food demand”. head with endless arguments to ditch their own decisions.” There’s that amorphous phrase the beef. But that’s not quite true. At every again. The new documentary has caused turn The Game Changers does its best Formula 1 driver Lewis Hamilton, quite a stir since it was released glob- to instil horror at even the thought who many have been inclined to call ally on Netflix in October. The meat of drinking a glass of milk. The claim a hypocrite after he said this month industry has thrown a tantrum, while is that not only is all meat — not just that veganism was the only way to countless tweeters have vowed to eat red meat — unhealthy for you, it save the planet, recently launched green — of course no one would ever will also hinder your athletic perfor- Neat Burger, “a plant-based restau- lie on Twitter. mance dramatically. rant” chain. But going green is a good thing, There’s even a neat animation The featured athletes seem to right? Well, it’s not that simple. of your capillaries collapsing in on be no different. Most seem to have The doccie begins by introducing themselves. given a TED talk on healthy eating us to the protagonist of the story, This insistence on vilifying ani- at some point in their lives and have and its narrator, former mixed mar- mal products is what has everybody found decent side gigs in promoting tial arts fighter James Wilks. After so riled up. The common critique is their lifestyles. having eaten his vegetables he woke that the cited evidence is far too lim- Bausch, for example, has founded up feeling great so he decided to do ited and incomplete to justify the two nonprofits that attempt to scare research about a plant-based diet and bold recommendations made in the people away from dairy products, tell everybody about it. He then intro- doccie. among other things. Baboumian, duces us to a number of elite ath- “What’s going to happen ... is peo- meanwhile, has become one of the letes — from powerlifters to endur- ple will adopt a vegan lifestyle, fail faces of animal-rights group Peta. ance runners — and talks up their Pumped up: Former mixed tant for getting enough protein and in their health and ultimately suffer When all is said and done, it’s a achievements. martial artist James Brett stuff? What an idiot. from physical and mental ailments,” shame that the doccie went in this From there, the documentary’s for- Wilks, photographer and “Someone asked me how could meat ambassador Amanda Radke militaristic direction. mula pretty much remains constant. film director Louis Psihoyos, you get as strong as an ox without wrote in Beef magazine (yes, that is a Most experts would agree that You see that big, strong guy over strongman athlete Patrik eating meat,” Germany’s strongest real thing). there is no shortage of misconcep- there? He survives solely on a plant- Baboumian and cyclist and man, Patrik Baboumian, chirps. “My “Shame on Arnold [Schwarze- tions floating around about meat — based diet. How about that cyclist Olympic medalist Dotsie answer was: ‘Have you ever seen an negger] for doling out this kind of those that would have you believe Dotsie Bausch winning an Olympic Bausch pose for a photocall ox eating meat?’” advice.” that a sirloin three times a day keeps silver medal at 39? Yup, she took it for the documentary The All participating athletes seem Schwarzenegger is one of the the doctor away. to the next level after swearing off Game Changers, when it was quite happy to give broccoli all the many high-profile names listed as a But countless aspiring athletes the flesh and eggs. Remember that shown at the 68th Berlinale credit for their success. It’s not as if producer of this doccie. After going do believe they need a diet filled epic first Nate Diaz-Conor McGregor film festival in February last training, hard work, genetics and through the rest of the credits, it’s with raw eggs and steaks to achieve fight? Diaz won because he wasn’t year. hundreds of other factors could have hard to shake the sense that there is peak performance. Yet, instead of eating steaks for breakfast, unlike his Photo: Tobias Schwarz/AFP anything to do with it. It’s all down to a strong agenda here. inspiring a balanced diet, The Game opponent. plant-based living, baby. A quick Google search reveals Changers happily goes to the other Oh, you thought meat was impor- At this point you might be wonder- that almost everyone involved has extreme. Mail & Guardian Sport November 1 to 7 2019 3 Sport Lerena doesn’t care what you think

One of South Africa's and it taught me a lot too.” The negative criticism would have best boxers can’t stop been expected, but it was the mes- winning and has grand sages of support that took Lerena by surprise. He admits to being amazed ambitions in his sights at how many people spoke up to back his integrity and remained Luke Feltham in his corner. Still, he relished giv- ing both a literal and metaphorical t’s hard to work out Kevin middle finger to the wolves who had Lerena. On one hand, his trash arrived at the door. That’s his char- talk and bravado place him acter: protect your own and to hell Ineatly in what some might with the rest. describe as the typical Jo’burg Which is why it caught me off bruiser category — the type of guy guard when he pointed to his orange to put punches before words. On the paramedic van parked outside. At other, he’s a young family man who that very moment he was on duty shatters that stereotype; a fighter — ready should a call come in for with a clear respect for his artform his assistance. He doesn’t need the and coach. money he says, but will continue to His shit-talking game is strong, put in the work as a full-time para- that’s undeniable. It hasn’t always medic whenever he can. won him friends but then he’d After spending an extended period probably be the first to admit that’s listening to his plans to pummel not what he’s here to do. He wants whoever stands in his way it’s hard to be the best in the world and is to reconcile — the paramedic and supremely unapologetic about that. the pugilist. But, again, he probably Every man he meets in the ring is doesn’t care what I or anyone else just another obstacle that must be Pulling no punches: Kevin Lerena (right) in action against boxer Vasil Ducar during the IBO thinks of him. Which is likely also a removed on the way to that goal. World Cruiserweight Title Fight at Emperors Palace in June. Photo: Lefty Shivambu/Gallo Images big chunk of the reason he’s on the “Nobody expected me to do things cusp of greatness. As supportive in boxing,” he says when we meet front of me who’s meant to beat me, he was allowed to fight again. you ingest. Whether it’s a mistake or as his team may be, you don’t get a at Smiths Boxing Gym in Fourways. we fuck him up. Every single time. So “In the moment it was shit because whatever it is. So like now, when I get much lonelier sport than boxing. “‘Ja, strong guy, strong kid, but what do people want? I laugh it off people label you as a PEDs [perfor- a supplement I literally put every sin- Only the most single-minded ath- what’s he gonna do?’ Well, I’m sit- because I know what I’m capable of. mance-enhancing drugs] user and gle name on the supplement through letes can prosper in that environ- ting at No 3 in the world now. And a But people make me the underdog that’s not the case. But this is sports. the list and make sure that nothing ment. And, at the moment, Kevin world champion. It’s been a meteoric and it takes so much pressure off me. You have to be wary of everything is illegal. It’s your own responsibility Lerena is thriving. rise, but I’ve always had a goal and I When I do the ring walk, I say: this wanted to become a champion.” guy’s trying to take the food off the The gym is the latest spot opened table of my kids, he’s not going to by former fighter Peter “Sniper” beat me. That’s my mentality.” Smith. It’s clear judging by the qual- Incidentally, he has recently had ity of the place that he’s done well his son's and daughter’s portraits tat- Invitation Plastics – substitutes for himself as a trainer. For one, the tooed on to his forearm and the heal- workout area is far cleaner and less ing ink has begun to peel. Having cluttered than most other gyms. The them young, Lerena says, gave him vs recycling gym sits on a corner of affluent Cedar the last push he needed to succeed. Square and the plentiful ventilation Whatever you think of the man, 15 November 2019, Kempton Park, Johannesburg takes away the damp smell that’s his power and workrate are irrefu- usually ubiquitous when men and table. His description of his career The use of plastics is drawing increasing controversy and scientists are women give their all to pummel a as “meteoric” is hardly a misnomer working on sustainable alternatives that can be used on a large scale. punching bag. when you consider how fast he’s As I’m taking in this scene on a racked up 24 wins — picking up only The National Science and Technology Forum (NSTF) is hosting a seminar regular Tuesday, a sparring boxer one loss along the way. Should he that explores alternatives to plastics and recycling of plastics, unpacking has his nose busted open, serving continue on this trajectory, it’s inevi- the issues and looking for solutions. as a reminder that the sleek trap- table that he will become one of the pings belie the grittiness of a facility finest South African boxers of his designed to breed champions. The generation. two continue to slug it out. In keeping with Lerena's self- Calling all stakeholders Smith has coached Lerena since he confidence, however, winning sim- 1PMJDZNBLFSTBOEHPWFSONFOUPöDJBMTt3FTFBSDIFST turned professional at 18. Nine years ply won’t be enough. “I just want to BOEBDBEFNJDTt$JWJMTPDJFUZ later, he’s working to set up a fight defend my belt as much as possible that could catapult him to global and hunt more belts. There’s five, I’ve stardom. Having already defended got one of them. I want to win all of environment his IBO cruiserweight title five times, them. And until I’ve got all of them, the 27-year-old fighter has his eyes in my mind I’m not the best.” manufacturing on the championships from the In boxing parlance, unifying a belt green economy other major federations: the WBO, refers to winning the championship WBC, WBA and IBF. from multiple world bodies. In this If that fight fails to materialise division specifically, there have been entrepreneurs soon he will face the experienced only two other undisputed champi- Firat Arslan in Germany in February ons since Evander Holyfield became researchers to defend his belt once again. It will the first in 1988. But, like Holyfield, decision makers mark the first time he has done so the dream doesn’t stop there. outside Emperors Palace, a fact for “Unify the cruiserweight division which he has attracted a fair amount and then I’m going to go up to heavy- of criticism. But Lerena maintained weight and fight the heavier guys,” Register online www.nstf.org.za *T&Cs apply back in August that he knows his self Lerena says. “No South African has worth and is waiting for the “million- ever done that; I’ll do it. Follow on Twitter #NSTF_SA #plastics #recycling #plasticsubstitutes dollar” payday to agree to a big inter- “It’s easy to go up to heavyweight, I national fight. can do that tomorrow. But going up In any case, he tells me, doubt has as a unified champion, no one’s done always followed him and he revels that in South Africa.” S.E.T. for socio-economic growth in channeling it towards a greater It may be a realistic target now but NSTF – your non-profit stakeholders’ forum for science, purpose. “You get the people that Lerena’s grand plans were nearly engineering, technology (SET) and innovation rate you and the people that don’t,” put into jeopardy last November Lerena says. “I use that for me. I say when the IBO announced that he @NSTF_SA that to Peter: we are just going to had tested positive for a banned @NSTFSA continue proving people wrong. I substance. He pleaded guilty almost National Science and Technology Forum (NSTF) said it in my last interview as blunt immediately, claiming that the sub- as it was ... we show up, we rock up stance came from an array of medi- in National Science and Technology Forum (NSTF) and we fuck shit up. Blatant. People cation he was taking for an arm National Science and don’t work it out. They keep going that had recently been operated on. Technology Forum ‘Oh, how, why, who’s he fought?’ Ultimately, the authorities cleared “Every time they put somebody in him of intentional wrongdoing and 4 Mail & Guardian Sport November 1 to 7 2019 Sport & Games

JDE 207 THE ORIGINAL SOUTH AFRICAN CRYPTIC CROSSWORD by George Euvrard Across Down 1 Jaunt with young pet around - 1 Rush on old direction to flower journalist caught out (9) (3,4) 6 Abandons official in outskirts of 2 Irate at passing anger (3) Durbs (5) 3 Police shall feed (8) 9 She repays no-good in a shift (7) 4 Lombard or iconic interior style 10 Starts to recruit John Kani, say, of architecture (5) for farm help (7) 5 Top up with tea? Nil production of 11 Beast to submit at lake (5) hidden talent (9) 13 ground produces 6 Ring to get laid? (4,2) batting hero (9) 7 Dull song returns over larch, like 14 English swine with fortune to sit elephants (11) back ... and get it in the neck 8 Eccentric holy man sits on (10) mountains (7) 16 Liberal bank where the last shall 12 Come with boerie and mix arb be first (4) gin in bar (5-1-5) 18 Scrooge’s sold off odd bits of 15 With uncharacteristic zit, thrice gears (4) an African (9) Footballer’s wife: Dalian Yifang coach Rafa Benitez is constantly 19 Attacks on small comics take 17 Make hot fur duo - men zap shadowed by his Chinese interpreter. Photo: ImageChina/AFP time (10) tails off (8) 22 Wild rams and bears show 18 Not at home, gets more up (9) wrinkles (7) Solutions and explanations 24 Gloomy under the German, 20 Bag large chaste loony (7) can be found at mg.co.za/ goes and gets drunk (5) 21 Quietly bring up commendation crossword 25 Language wash-out - I left first (6) It’s all in the indaba (7) 23 Posed in fine fabric (5) 26 Shakespeare’s night, one of a 27 End next letter to each enemy dozen (7) (3) Go to ‘JDE’ on facebook for 28 Chambers appeal has it (5) discussion and solutions to 29 Unrivalled, lie back after no new every JDE crossword, and interpretation equivalence (9) talk or stalk!

Translation are a vital bridge for foreign players QUICK CROSSWORD and coaches working in the Chinese Super League Across Down 1 Metropolis (4) 1 Notoriously cruel Roman 3 Spherical (8) emperor, d. AD 24 (8) Language skill is one thing, Hong Peter Stebbings & Lan Lianchao 8 Hangs back (4) 2 Traditional field contest (3,2,3) said, but you also need to know foot- 9 Game bird (8) 4 Capital of Punjab (6) afa Benítez said his ball jargon and have an intricate 11 Risk everything in an all-out 5 Bubonic plague Chinese-language inter- understanding of the game. Being a effort (2,3,5) epidemic (5,5) preter is always by his “bridge” is not always a comfortable 14 Association (6) 6 Disclosure of confidential side, and former Bar- place to be, especially when feelings R 15 Totally unagitated (6) information (4) celona defender Sergi are running high in the changing 17 A self-financed outing! (5,5) 7 Cycle of duty (4) Barjuán joked that his translator room at half-time or after a defeat. 20 Remaining sealed (8) 10 Intended to deceive (10) was like his wife, because they were Hong said he sometimes uses his 21 Tresses (4) 12 Type of brown sugar (8) together so much. own discretion to water down some 22 Equestrian competition (8) 13 False teeth (8) At training, matches and press of Stojkovic’s more scathing remarks. 23 Great deal (4) 16 Partition (6) conferences in China, the interpret- “Everyone understands that only 18 Ridge of wind-blown sand (4) ers are always close by — but they when you really love the team, you 19 Departed (4) get scant attention and are paid far will have such a strong emotion,” he less than the coaches or players they said. “In that case, I won’t translate help. the sharp words, otherwise it will Benitez and other foreigners in fuel the fire. However, I will convey 14, 682 Chinese football would not be able to the coach’s attitude to the team in do their jobs without their interpret- another way.” ers, who also play a crucial role in It can also mean saving coaches everyday life. from themselves, especially in China, LAST WEEK’S SOLUTIONS Benitez, a Champions League win- where football authorities hand out Quick Crossword 14, 681 ner as Liverpool manager, said soon harsh punishments for criticism of Cryptic Crossword JDE 206 after arriving at Dalian Yifang in July referees. Interpreters at times omit that communication was his biggest comments by coaches in press con- challenge. “You always have an inter- ferences to prevent trouble with the preter at your side shadowing you,” Chinese Football Association. the 59-year-old Spaniard, who speaks Barjuán’s family remained in good English, wrote on his blog. Spain while he coached Zhejiang “Mine, Justin, is copying my ges- Greentown — one reason why he tures at training and at the matches called his interpreter his “wife”. He and each day we are more in sync,” left the post in July after 20 months. he added, highlighting just how criti- Interpreters also play an impor- cal the dynamic is. tant part in the daily lives of foreign Interpreters are not unique players and coaches, for whom China to China: former Chelsea, Real can be a culture shock. They help Madrid and Inter Milan coach José new arrivals find a place to live, open Mourinho famously started out as a bank accounts and set up mobile translator, and worked for England’s payment systems. Bobby Robson when he managed Foreign coaches and players lean Barcelona. heavily on interpreters, even taking But the difficulty many foreigners them supermarket shopping. have learning Chinese, and the lack They can become close friends and of English in the country as a whole, confidants. That was the case for How to play Sudoku: Place a number from 1 to 9 has spawned an industry of football Zhao Chen, who worked at Beijing SUDOKU in each empty cell so that each row, each column and interpreters, almost always young Enterprises and helped Cheick Tioté, each 3x3 block contains all the numbers from 1 to 9. and male. the midfielder who died in 2017 after One of them is Hong Wenjie, collapsing in training. 1 right-hand man to coach Dragan The Ivorian international’s death 59 3 LAST WEEK’S SOLUTION Stojkovic at Guangzhou R&F, who, at the age of just 30 shocked the foot- like Benitez’s Dalian, are in the top- ball world. 7594 641957382 tier Chinese Super League. The 28-year-old Zhao, now an 325864917 The 29-year-old Chinese national, interpreter at Shijiazhuang Ever 28 4 who can speak English and Spanish, Bright in China’s second tier, has 987132654 describes his job as “a bridge”. He’s fond memories of getting Tioté set- 86736518429 been Stojkovic’s interpreter since the tled in, including finding him a place Serbian joined the club in August to worship. 24 57 418293576 2015. “As a foreign Muslim, it’s not easy 32 8 592746831 “The challenges were more at the to find a mosque for their jumah 863421795 beginning. I needed to know about [Friday prayers],” said Zhao.“I would 2451 the coach’s personality, habits and check it first and always went there 254379168 his football philosophy,” said Hong, with him together. Until now, I still 56 1 179685243 who once did a stint as a tour guide. miss him so much.” — AFP