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Teller S 1995.Pdf The Weathering Of Placer Gold And The Quaternary Geology Of Valdez Creek, Clearwater Mountains, Alaska Item Type Thesis Authors Teller, Steven D. Download date 07/10/2021 06:40:35 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/11122/8518 INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UM3 films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. • Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. A Bell & Howell Information Company 300 North Zeeb Road. Ann Arbor. Ml 48106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800/521-0600 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. THE WEATHERING OF PLACER GOLD AND THE QUATERNARY GEOLOGY OF VALDEZ CREEK, CLEARWATER MOUNTAINS, ALASKA A THESIS Presented to the Faculty of the University of Alaska Fairbanks in Partial Fulfillment o f the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE By Steven D. Teller, B.S. Fairbanks, Alaska May 1995 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. UMI Number: 1376242 UMI Microform 1376242 Copyright 1995, by OMI Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. UMI 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, MI 48103 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. THE WEATHERING OF PLACER GOLD AND THE QUATERNARY GEOLOGY OF VALDEZ CREEK, CLEARWATER MOUNTAINS, ALASKA By Steven D. Teller RECOMMENDED: Department Head APPROVED: Q J <0 Dean, College of Natural Sciences . Dearfof me Graduate School 7 ^ 7. /?? 4- Date Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ABSTRACT Placer gold grains collected from six paleochannels in the Valdez Creek drainage, south­ central Alaska, were deposited during successive interglacial/interstadial intervals since the mid- Early Pleistocene. Statistical analysis of grain size, shape, grain surface characteristics, and the gold content of the interior and exterior of the gold grains determined by electron microprobe analysis demonstrates that the grains were affected by both mechanical and chemical weathering, and that the weathering increased with time. Etch pits, observed under a scanning electron microscope, are a ubiquitous feature of the grain surfaces. Grain surfaces average 26.7% richer in gold than the interior of the grains. The gold content of the surface of the grains increases with age. No high gold fineness rims were observed in cross section on the grains. This evidence indicates that the gold grains experienced corrosion. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT............................................................................................................................. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS........................................................................................... iv SHEET....................................................................................................................................viii FIGURES................................................................................................................................viii TABLES................................ -.......................................................... xi ACKNOWLEDGMENTS....................................................................................................xii 1. INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................... 1 2. PREVIOUS W ORK............................................................................................................3 2.1. GEOCHEMISTRY OF GOLD IN THE SURFICIAL ENVIRONMENT................. 3 2.2. STUDIES OF TRACE ELEMENT ZONING IN NATURAL GOLD PARTICLES5 3. LOCATION AND ACCESS..............................................................................................6 4. PHYSIOGRAPHY .............................................................................................................. 8 5. CLIMATE AND VEGETATION ...................................................................................11 6. HISTORY............................................................................................................................13 6.1. DISCOVERY............................................................................................................................13 6.2. EARLY DAYS .........................................................................................................................15 6.3. OTHER AREAS ..................................................................................................................... 15 6.4. RECENT HISTORY .............................................................................................................. 16 7. BEDROCK GEOLOGY.................................................................................................. 18 7.1. STRATIGRAPHY..................................................................................................................18 7.1.1. AMPHITHEATER GROUP..........................................................................................18 7.1.2. MACLAREN METAMORPHIC BELT.....................................................................18 7.1.3. INTRUSIVE ROCKS....................................................................................................20 7.2. STRUCTURE..........................................................................................................................21 7.3. TECTONIC INTERPRETATION......................................................................................21 8. LATE CENOZOIC GEOLOGY.....................................................................................23 8.1. INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................23 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. 8.2. SURFICIAL GEOLOGY......................................................................................................23 8.2.1. HIGH LEVEL SURFACE..............................................................................................23 8.2.2. PRE-WISCONSIN AN GLACIAL DEPOSITS........................................................ 26 8.2.3. LATE WISCONSINAN GLACIAL DEPOSITS.....................................................27 8.2.4. HOLOCENE GLACIAL AND ALLUVIAL DEPOSITS...................................... 28 8.3. THE PALEOCHANNELS AND THEIR DEPOSITS......................................... 29 8.3.1. DESCRIPTION OF CHANNELS............................................................................... 29 8.3.2. GENERALIZED STRATIGRAPHY AS OBSERVED IN THE A CHANNEL32 8.3.3. INTERPRETATION PROBLEMS.............................................................................34 8.4. ORIGIN OF THE CHANNELS..........................................................................................35 8.4.1. CHRONOLOGY OF CHANNELS.............................................................................39 8.4.2. OTHER AREAS.............................................................................................................. 42 9. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN.....................................................................................................43 9.1. INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................... 43 9.2. DESIGN....................................................................................................................................43 9.3. SAMPLING..............................................................................................................................43 10. DRILL STUDY ............................................................................................................................46 10.1. INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................46 10.2. BACKGROUND..................................................................................................................
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