The Expendables“ Genrehybride Im Actionblockbuster Hollywoods

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The Expendables“ Genrehybride Im Actionblockbuster Hollywoods DIPLOMARBEIT Titel der Diplomarbeit „The Expendables“ Genrehybride im Actionblockbuster Hollywoods Produktions- und Rezeptionsästhetik krisenhafter Maskulinität Verfasserin Iris Ehrenreich angestrebter akademischer Grad Magistra der Philosophie (Mag.phil.) Wien, 2014 Studienkennzahl lt. Studienblatt: A 317 Studienrichtung lt. Studienblatt: Theater-, Film- und Medienwissenschaft Betreuer: Univ.-Prof. Mag. Dr. habil. Ramón Reichert Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Einleitung und Problemstellung ............................................................................. 1 2 Genre und Genrehybride ........................................................................................ 4 2.1 Das Genre eine Begrifflichkeit zur Orientierung ................................................ 4 2.1.1 Die Vorgeschichte der Genrebildung .................................................................... 4 2.1.2 Genre im filmischen Medium................................................................................ 6 2.1.2.1 Was sind Genres? .............................................................................................. 7 2.1.2.2 Exkurs: Der Western als Paradebeispiel eines Genres und seine Verwandtschaft zum Actionfilm ..................................................................................... 10 2.1.2.3 Verwendungszwecke des Genrebegriffes........................................................ 13 2.2 Genrehybride – Ein dynamisierender Prozess .................................................. 14 2.2.1 Genre: Ein Konzept zwischen Erfolg und Kritik ................................................ 15 2.2.2 Stabilität und Wandlung ...................................................................................... 17 2.2.3 Genrehybride ....................................................................................................... 19 2.2.4 Recycling ............................................................................................................. 22 2.3 Resümee des Kapitels ....................................................................................... 24 3 Das Actionfilmgenre als Ausverhandlungsplatz von Maskulinität ................... 25 3.1 Definitionsproblematik des Actiongenres......................................................... 25 3.2 Genretypische Elemente des Actionfilmes ....................................................... 26 3.2.1 Waffen, Fahrzeuge und technisches Zubehör als Statussymbole ........................ 27 3.2.2 Stunts und Special Effects – Der Computer gegen die Männlichkeit ................. 31 3.2.3 Setting – Zwischen Urwald und Urbanität .......................................................... 35 3.2.4 Hyperbolische Männerkörper .............................................................................. 37 3.2.5 Kostüme – Männer ohne Gefühle ....................................................................... 44 3.2.6 Heldenfigur – Lone Wolf vs. Männerbündnis ..................................................... 47 3.2.7 Zentrale Konflikte des Actiongenres und seine Parallelen zum Western ........... 51 3.3 Die Macht des Filmes – Der sozialpolitische Spiegel ...................................... 54 3.3.1 Politik im Film – Eine Begriffsdefinition ............................................................ 55 3.3.2 Politisierende Faktoren im Film nach Dibiasi ..................................................... 57 3.3.3 Der Film als Spiegel sozialer Positionen ............................................................. 59 3.4 Resümee des Kapitels ....................................................................................... 60 I 4 The Expendables (2010): Analyse eines Actionblockbusters .............................. 61 4.1 Rund um den Film The Expendables ................................................................ 61 4.1.1 Hardfacts, Kurzinhalt und Titelanalyse ............................................................... 61 4.1.2 Filminhalt nach Kapiteln der DVD ..................................................................... 65 4.1.3 Zentrale Konflikte ............................................................................................... 73 4.1.3.1 Allgemeine zentrale Konflikte im Actionfilm ................................................. 74 4.1.3.2 Typische zentrale Konflikte von Filmen mit Sylvester Stallone ..................... 77 4.1.3.3 Zusätzliche sozialkritische zentrale Konflikte des Filmes The Expendables .. 78 4.2 Die Figuren ....................................................................................................... 79 4.2.1 Stallones Veteranen und Söldner als geächtete Krieger ...................................... 79 4.2.2 Figurenaufstellung und Charakteranalyse der Expendables ................................ 82 4.2.2.1 Die Helden – Eine Gesamtbetrachtung ........................................................... 82 4.2.2.2 Die Eingangsszene – erste Charakterisierung der Helden ............................... 86 4.2.2.3 Die Figuren in Einzelbetrachtung .................................................................... 88 4.2.3 Sozialkritik mittels Charaktere .......................................................................... 100 4.2.4 (Ex-)Hyperbolische Männerkörper – Die Darstellung des Alters ..................... 111 4.3 Politisierende Elemente in The Expendables .................................................. 118 4.4 Fortbewegungsmittel, Waffen, Stunts und Spezialeffekte .............................. 121 4.5 Logos und Symbole – Rabe und Totenkopf ................................................... 127 4.5.1 Sozialverhalten der Raben und die Parallelen zu den Filmfiguren ................... 129 4.5.2 Gefiederter Bedeutungsträger............................................................................ 132 4.5.3 Die Totbringenden – Raben und Söldner .......................................................... 135 4.5.4 Vom Bedeutungsursprung des Totenkopfes bis zur christlichen Umdeutung .. 137 4.5.5 Lebensgefahr und Piraterie ................................................................................ 142 4.5.6 Der Mexikanische Totenkopf ............................................................................ 144 4.5.7 Tattoos und andere Trends ................................................................................ 146 4.6 Resümee des Kapitels ..................................................................................... 148 II 5 Hybridisierung durch Recycling, Intertextualität und Intermedialität – Produktion, Rezeption, Reprosumer ......................................................................... 150 5.1 Recycling, Intermedialität und Intertextualität der Produktionsseite von The Expendables ............................................................................................................... 150 5.1.1 Inter-filmisches Recycling ................................................................................ 152 5.1.2 Recycling der Off-Screen-Identität im Film ..................................................... 154 5.1.3 Intermedialität – Von der Werbung bis zum Comic ......................................... 158 5.2 Der (Re-)Prosumer .......................................................................................... 161 5.2.1 Fandom und User generated Content ................................................................ 162 5.2.2 Untersuchung anhand von Beispielen ............................................................... 165 5.2.2.1 Stallone von Emmanuèle Bernheim .............................................................. 166 5.2.2.2 Craig Zablo‘s StalloneZone ........................................................................... 167 5.2.2.3 The Expendables (2010) KillCount ............................................................... 172 5.3 Resümee des Kapitels ..................................................................................... 174 6 Resümee ................................................................................................................ 176 7 Quellenangaben .................................................................................................... 180 7.1 Literarturverzeichnis ....................................................................................... 180 7.2 Online Quellen ................................................................................................ 184 7.3 Abbildungsverzeichnis .................................................................................... 187 7.4 Filmografie ...................................................................................................... 188 8 Abstract ................................................................................................................. 191 9 Lebenslauf ............................................................................................................. 191 III 1 Einleitung und Problemstellung Diese Diplomarbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Entstehung und Veränderung von Filmsparten durch Genrehybride und Recyclingverfahren. Dabei steht eine Auseinandersetzung mit dem Actiongenre im Vordergrund. Zur Klärung des bisherigen Forschungsstandes wird einleitend der Begriff des Genres erläutert, um darauf folgend sein Entwicklungspotential zu erfassen. Dabei liegt der Schwerpunkt auf der Erkenntnis, dass die bereits in der Antike herrschenden Diskurse bis in die Gegenwart von Relevanz sind. Darauf aufbauend wird versucht das Actiongenre mittels seiner
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