DOCSLIB.ORG

William Rooke Creswell Is Recognised As a Dominant Force in the Foundation of the Australian Navy

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

University of Wollongong Research Online University of Wollongong Thesis Collection University of Wollongong Thesis Collections 2012 “So be prepared, a strong nation, for the storm that most surely must come”1: Creswell’s campaign for a naval defence of Australia Sheila Joy Dwyer University of Wollongong Recommended Citation Dwyer, Sheila Joy, “So be prepared, a strong nation, for the storm that most surely must come”1: Creswell’s campaign for a naval defence of Australia, Doctor of Philosophy thesis, School of History and Politics, University of Wollongong, 2012. http://ro.uow.edu.au/theses/3776 Research Online is the open access institutional repository for the University of Wollongong. For further information contact the UOW Library: [email protected] CERTIFICATION I, Sheila Joy Dwyer declare that this thesis, submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the award of Doctor of Philosophy, in the School of History and Politics, Faculty of Arts, University of Wollongong, is wholly my own work unless otherwise referenced or acknowledged. The document has not been submitted for qualifications at any other academic institution. …………………………………….. 1 DEDICATION The submission of this thesis is the end of a long road for me. It started 13 years ago when my youngest child began high school. With encouragement from my family I decided to pursue the education I had always wanted but, for various reasons, I had been unable to complete. I was accepted into the University of Wollongong’s Gateway Programme which offered a learning skills programme for mature age students seeking entrance to university. I wish to thank most sincerely the University of Wollongong for offering this opportunity as a means of furthering higher education for those not able to gain entrance to university in the usual manner. It commenced a journey of historical enquiry, to search for the answer to that most basic of enquiries, ‘Why’? The submission of my thesis is a significant milestone in this journey. My sincere thanks to the lecturers and tutors at the University’s School of History and Politics in the Faculty of Arts, for making study both enjoyable and nerve-wracking at the same time. In particular, I thank my Thesis Supervisors, Dr. Peter Sales and Dr. Stephen Brown. They have supported me with encouragement, patience and sound advice even though I may not have appreciated it at the time. I will now admit that they were probably right, most of the time. My biggest thanks must go to my family for their unfailing support over these years, my children thought me a little crazy for my choice of study topic, (The Foundation of the Australian Navy), but then ‘Mum was always a bit odd’. My husband Neil has my never-ending gratitude for his support and understanding my need to complete my education and for being my research assistant during this work. Thanks also must go to the staff of the Reading Room’s of the National Library, State Library of Victoria, State Library of South Australia and Archives New Zealand for making research material available as requested. A final dedication must be made to Elizabeth Sevior, the granddaughter of Admiral Creswell for her friendship and interest in this work. One final question – What’s next? 2 ABSTRACT This thesis examines the campaign for a naval defence of Australia and the role of its most significant advocate. William Rooke Creswell is recognised as a dominant force in the foundation of the Australian Navy. This thesis is neither a naval history, nor a biography of Creswell. It is about the influence of people and events on the status and direction of Australia, expressed through achieving that defining symbol of a maritime state, a naval defence. The campaign for a naval defence would be caught up in the aspirations for, and of, a commonwealth for Australia – in its destiny and identity. In creating a commonwealth out of six self-governing colonies, common defence was given as a reason for its being, entwined with a doctrine of self-preservation, but with a relaxed and comfortable attitude about subsidised British naval protection. This thesis seeks to establish both the nature of Creswell’s contribution to the foundation of the Australian navy and the reasons why the process of its formation was such a protracted and fraught process. Major factors working against this process were the expense of a navy and the infrastructure to support it, a small and isolated population, the intransigence of the British government and Admiralty, and the differences of opinion among Australian politicians over whether and how an Australian Navy should come into existence. 3 Creswell as a former Royal Navy officer understood and accepted the significance of Britain and of the Royal Navy in the defence of Australia. Yet he remained undaunted in his career-long self-imposed mission of a navy for Australia. His achievement was a naval defence with warships appropriate to Australian conditions and requirements and an infrastructure to support the fleet. It was Creswell who more than any other individual 4 “so be prepared, a strong nation, for the storm that most surely must come”1: Creswell’s campaign for a Naval Defence of Australia. A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY from UNIVERSITY OF WOLLONGONG by SHEILA JOY DWYER, Bachelor of Arts with Honours School of History and Politics, Faculty of Arts. 2012 1 Lawson, H. Australia’s Peril in Cronin, L., (ed) A Fantasy if Man: Henry Lawson Complete Works 1901-1922, Lansdowne Press, Willoughby NSW, 1984. p.246 5 Sir William Rooke Creswell, KCMG, KBE It is not the critic who counts, not the man who points out how the strong man stumbled, or where the doer of deeds could have done better. The credit belongs to the man who is actually in the arena; whose face is marred by dust and sweat and blood; who strives valiantly; who errs and comes short again and again, because there is no effort without error or shortcomings; who knows the great enthusiasms, the great devotions; who spends himself in a worthy course; who, at best, knows in the end the triumph of high achievement, and who, at worst, if he fails, at least fails while daring greatly; so that his place shall never be with those cold and timid souls who know neither victory or defeat.2 2 Theodore Roosevelt, Speech to the Sorbonne (1910) in Fullilove, Michael. ‘Men and Women of Australia’ Our Greatest Modern Speeches, Vintage, Sydney, 2005 (Forward: G. Freudenberg). p 61 6 CONTENTS List of Photographs 4 Abbreviations 5 Introduction 6 Chapter I 1885-1900: “Have a fixed purpose of some kind for your country and yourselves” 18 Imperial Duty/Imperial Mission. Chapter II 1901-1903: Nationhood and the Sea: Destiny and Identity. 50 The Anglo/Japanese Alliance. Japan to protect Australia Chapter III 1904 – 1906: ‘All unprovided and unprepared, the outpost of the White!’ 97 Britain withdraws its modern warships from the Pacific Ocean. Chapter IV 1907-1908: Australia’s search for security. A False Dawn but a Rising Sun. 144 Chapter V 1909 – 1911: ‘A good, sturdy Naval Cub in the Pacific’ 191 Australian navy ships ordered from Britain. Chapter VI 1912-1913: ‘A great bond of union’ 228 At last, a navy for Australia – the arrival of the Australian Fleet.. Chapter VII Australia at War: ‘To sail to a foreign country, and fight for England’s name.’ 273 RAN ships leave Australia to fight a war in European waters. Conclusion 293 Bibliography 298 7 LIST OF PHOTOGRAPHS. Sir William Rooke Creswell Page 2. Australian War Memorial. Lieutenant William Rooke Creswell, taken from Thompson P. (Ed.), Close to the Wind 23 Adelaide, circa 1890: Governor of South Australia with various members of the local armed forces including Lieutenant Commander William Rooke Creswell seated, right. Naval Historical Collection South Australian Archives. 33 Adelaide, SA. C. 1896. Captain William Rooke Creswell, (Centre) Naval Commandant of the South Australian Defence Forces with Staff Engineer William Clarkson on his right, and on his left Chief Gunner Edwin Argent and Sub-Lieutenant Patrick Weir, Naval Historical Collection, Australian War Memorial. 44 Captain Creswell as Commandant of the Queensland Naval Forces,1900, from the Naval Historical Collection, Australian War Memorial. 54 Captain Creswell observing the Commonwealth Naval Forces manoeuvres, Easter 1905 aboard the torpedo boat Countess of Hopetoun Royal Australian Navy. 113 John Arbuthnot Fisher, 1st Baron Fisher from The New York Times Current History of the European War (January–March 1915). Volume 2. p.928. 212 Australia’s First Naval Board. Back row: Staff Paymaster Eldon Manisty, RN, Engineer Commander W Clarkson RAN. Front row: Rear Admiral WR Creswell RAN, Defence Minister Senator George F Pearce, Captain Constantine Hughes-Onslow RN. 257 National Library of Australia. 8 ABBREVIATIONS AA Australian Archives ABS Australian Bureau of Statistics ANZ Archives of New Zealand CBE Commander of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire CDC Colonial Defence Committee CID Committee of Imperial Defence CMG Commander of the Most Distinguished Order of Saint Michael and Saint George CNF Commonwealth Naval Forces CMF Commonwealth Military Forces CPD Commonwealth Parliamentary Debates CPP Commonwealth Parliamentary Papers DNI Director of Naval Intelligence DSO Distinguished Service Order HMAS His Majesty’s Australian Ship HMCS Her Majesty’s Colonial Ship HMCVS Her Majesty’s Colonial Victorian Ship HMS Her/ His Majesty’s Ship IJN Imperial Japanese Navy KBE Knight of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire KCMG Knight Commander of the Most Distinguished Order of Saint Michael and Saint George. NLA National Library of Australia OBE Officer of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire RAN Royal Australian Navy RN Royal Navy SANF South Australian Naval Forces US/ USA United States/ United States of America VC Victoria Cross 9 INTRODUCTION To study the foundation of the Australian navy, one simply follows the trail that documents, historians, biographers and other writers have left us since the navy’s inception.
Recommended publications
  • From Track to Tarmac

    From Track to Tarmac

    Federation Faces and Introduction A guided walk around the streets and laneways Places of North Sydney focusing on our Federation connections, including the former residences of A walking tour of Federation Sir Joseph Palmer Abbott, Sir Edmund Barton faces and places in North and Dugald Thomson. Along the walk, view the Sydney changes in the North Sydney landscape since th Federation and the turn of the 20 century. Distance: 6 Km Approximate time: 4 hours At the turn of the year 1900 to 1901 the city of Grading: medium to high Sydney went mad with joy. For a few days hope ran so high that poets and prophets declared Australia to be on the threshold of a golden age… from early morning on the first of January 1901 trams, trains and ferry boats carried thousands of people into the city for the greatest day of their history: the inauguration of the Commonwealth of Australia. It was to be a people‟s festival. Manning Clark, Historian It was also a people‟s movement and 1901 was the culmination of many years of discussions, community activism, heated public debates, vibrant speeches and consolidated actions. In 1890 the Australasian Federal Conference was held in Melbourne and the following year in Sydney. In 1893 a meeting of the various federation groups, including the Australian Native Association was held at Corowa. A plan was developed for the election of delegates to a convention. In the mid to late 1890s it was very much a peoples‟ movement gathering groundswell support. In 1896 a People‟s Convention with 220 delegates and invited guests from all of the colonies took place at Bathurst - an important link in the Federation chain.
  • The Navy Vol 69 No 3 Jul 2007

    The Navy Vol 69 No 3 Jul 2007

    JUL–SEP 2007 (including GST) www.netspace.net.au/~navyleag VOLUME 69 NO. 3 $5.45 The Battle of Britain – The AWD’s A Seapower Victory and Our Real Frontier The German Navy Today The 2007 Annual Halfway Creswell Around the Oration World in Eighty days Australia’s Leading Naval Magazine Since 1938 /"7"-/""777""-/&5803,4 /&58033,4 5)& %0.*/"/$&%0.*/"/$$& 0' $0..6/*$"5*0/4$0..6/*$""55*0/4 */ ."3*5*.& 01&3"5*0/4011&3""55*0/4 5IF 3PZBM 3PZBM"VTUSBMJBO "VTUSBMJBO /BWZµT/BWZµT 4FB 1PXFS 1PXFS$FOUSF $FOUSF ""VTUSBMJB VTUSBMJB XJUXJUIIU UIFIF BTBTTJTUBODFTTJTUBODF PG UUIFIF 4D4DIPPMIPPM PG )VNBOJUJFT BOE 4PDJ4PDJBMJBM 4DJFODFT 66OJWFSTJUZOJWFSTJUZ PG //FXFX4 4PVU4PVUI UI 88BMFTBMFTMU BU U UIFI"IF ""VTUSBMJBOVTUUSBMJBOMJ %%FG%FGFODF GFODF' 'PSDFPSDF ""DBEFNZ DBEFNZ JT IPTIPTUJOHUJOH U UIFIF ¾G¾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
  • Submarines Today and in the Future

    Submarines Today and in the Future

    2017 Goldrick Seminar Submarines Today and in the Future Sponsored by: Co-Convened by: Rear Admiral James Goldrick (Retired) Rear Admiral James Goldrick RAN (Retired) commanded HMA Ships Cessnock and Sydney (twice), the Australian Surface Task Group and the multinational maritime interception force in the Persian Gulf in 2002 and Australia’s inter-agency Border Protection Command in 2006-2008. Other commands included the Australian Defence Force Academy (ADFA) (twice), and the Australian Defence College (the Australian Defence Force equivalent of UK’s Defence Academy). He is an Adjunct Professor at UNSW Canberra at ADFA and in SDSC at ANU, as well as a Professorial Fellow at ANCORS at the University of Wollongong. He was a visiting fellow at All Souls College, Oxford University in 2015. He is a member of the Defence Honours and Awards Appeals Tribunal and of the Defence Force Remuneration Tribunal. He was a member of the Expert Panel supporting the development of the 2016 Australian Defence White Paper. He was awarded a Doctorate of Letters (honoris causa) by the University of NSW in 2006. His books include: No Easy Answers: The Development of the Navies of India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka and Before Jutland: The Naval War in Northern European Waters August 1914-February 1915, and, with Jack McCaffrie, Navies of South-East Asia: A Comparative Study. After Jutland: The Naval War in Northern European Waters June 1916-November 1918 will be published in 2018. Before Jutland won the Anderson Medal of the Society for Nautical Research for the best work of naval or maritime history published in 2015.
  • The Rifle Club Movement and Australian Defence 1860-1941

    The Rifle Club Movement and Australian Defence 1860-1941

    The Rifle Club Movement and Australian Defence 1860-1941 Andrew Kilsby A thesis in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of New South Wales School of Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences February 2014 Abstract This thesis examines the rifle club movement and its relationship with Australian defence to 1941. It looks at the origins and evolution of the rifle clubs and associations within the context of defence developments. It analyses their leadership, structure, levels of Government and Defence support, motivations and activities, focusing on the peak bodies. The primary question addressed is: why the rifle club movement, despite its strong association with military rifle shooting, failed to realise its potential as an active military reserve, leading it to be by-passed by the military as an effective force in two world wars? In the 19th century, what became known as the rifle club movement evolved alongside defence developments in the Australian colonies. Rifle associations were formed to support the Volunteers and later Militia forces, with the first ‘national’ rifle association formed in 1888. Defence authorities came to see rifle clubs, especially the popular civilian rifle clubs, as a cheap defence asset, and demanded more control in return for ammunition grants, free rail travel and use of rifle ranges. At the same time, civilian rifle clubs grew in influence within their associations and their members resisted military control. An essential contradiction developed. The military wanted rifle clubs to conduct shooting ‘under service conditions’, which included drill; the rifle clubs preferred their traditional target shooting for money prizes.
  • Newsletter Incorporating NCCV’S Newsletter Rogues’ Yarn

    Newsletter Incorporating NCCV’S Newsletter Rogues’ Yarn

    Newsletter Incorporating NCCV’s newsletter Rogues’ Yarn Navy Victoria Network June 2014 Volume 4 Edition 6 Calendar Events (see calendar for details of all events) NVN current membership: 923 Editorial 28 Jun – WRANS Association country Two years ago, twenty plus associations met to workshop what visit to Warragul they thought relevant to the future of the Navy community 30 Jun – HMAS Waterhen wreath ashore. It was apparent at that time that most elements of the laying at the Shrine ex-service community had experienced reduced membership. It 05 Jul – RANCBA & WRANS Cocktail also appeared that there was a distinct lack of interest from most party at Melbourne Naval Centre. who have serviced in the Navy during recent decades. What 06 Jul – Reserve Forces Day Parade was needed was a catalyst to encourage our colleagues, our 06 Jul – FESR wreath laying shipmates to engage, even if that engagement was for just one 10 Jul – On this day in 1911 - King short activity each year. George V granted the Permanent Commonwealth Naval Force the title The ability to measure the success of this workshop would of Royal Australian Navy. normally be expected to be through increased membership of the 24 Jul – NHS meeting (All Welcome) various associations, however, this has not occurred. What has 27 Jul – Korean Veterans wreath happened, albeit at a slow rate is the attendance at our Flagship laying Events: Battle of the Coral Sea Service, Seafarers Service, Navy 28 Jul – WRANS Annual General Wreath Laying Service, HMAS GOOANGAI Service and the Meeting at the Bentleigh RSL Creswell Oration.
  • The Need for a New Naval History of the First World War James Goldrick

    The Need for a New Naval History of the First World War James Goldrick

    Corbett Paper No 7 The need for a New Naval History of The First World War James Goldrick The Corbett Centre for Maritime Policy Studies November 2011 The need for a New Naval History of the First World War James Goldrick Key Points . The history of naval operations in the First World War urgently requires re- examination. With the fast approaching centenary, it will be important that the story of the war at sea be recognised as profoundly significant for the course and outcome of the conflict. There is a risk that popular fascination for the bloody campaign on the Western Front will conceal the reality that the Great War was also a maritime and global conflict. We understand less of 1914-1918 at sea than we do of the war on land. Ironically, we also understand less about the period than we do for the naval wars of 1793-1815. Research over the last few decades has completely revised our understanding of many aspects of naval operations. That work needs to be synthesized and applied to the conduct of the naval war as a whole. There are important parallels with the present day for modern maritime strategy and operations in the challenges that navies faced in exercising sea power effectively within a globalised world. Gaining a much better understanding of the issues of 1914-1918 may help cast light on some of the complex problems that navies must now master. James Goldrick is a Rear Admiral in the Royal Australian Navy and currently serving as Commander of the Australian Defence College.
  • Introduction to Volume 1 the Senators, the Senate and Australia, 1901–1929 by Harry Evans, Clerk of the Senate 1988–2009

    Introduction to Volume 1 the Senators, the Senate and Australia, 1901–1929 by Harry Evans, Clerk of the Senate 1988–2009

    Introduction to volume 1 The Senators, the Senate and Australia, 1901–1929 By Harry Evans, Clerk of the Senate 1988–2009 Biography may or may not be the key to history, but the biographies of those who served in institutions of government can throw great light on the workings of those institutions. These biographies of Australia’s senators are offered not only because they deal with interesting people, but because they inform an assessment of the Senate as an institution. They also provide insights into the history and identity of Australia. This first volume contains the biographies of senators who completed their service in the Senate in the period 1901 to 1929. This cut-off point involves some inconveniences, one being that it excludes senators who served in that period but who completed their service later. One such senator, George Pearce of Western Australia, was prominent and influential in the period covered but continued to be prominent and influential afterwards, and he is conspicuous by his absence from this volume. A cut-off has to be set, however, and the one chosen has considerable countervailing advantages. The period selected includes the formative years of the Senate, with the addition of a period of its operation as a going concern. The historian would readily see it as a rational first era to select. The historian would also see the era selected as falling naturally into three sub-eras, approximately corresponding to the first three decades of the twentieth century. The first of those decades would probably be called by our historian, in search of a neatly summarising title, The Founders’ Senate, 1901–1910.
  • My War at Sea 1914–1916

    My War at Sea 1914–1916

    http://www.warletters.net My War at Sea: 1914–1916 Heathcoat S. Grant Edited by Mark Tanner Published by warletters.net http://www.warletters.net Copyright First published by WarLetters.net in 2014 17 Regent Street Lancaster LA1 1SG Heathcoat S. Grant © 1924 Published courtesy of the Naval Review. Philip J. Stopford © 1918 Published courtesy of the Naval Review. Philip Malet de Carteret letters copyright © Charles Malet de Carteret 2014. Philip Malet de Carteret introduction and notes copyright © Mark Tanner 2014. ISBN: 978-0-9566902-6-5 (Kindle) ISBN: 978-0-9566902-7-2 (Epub) The right of Heathcoat S. Grant, Philip J. Stopford, Philip Malet de Carteret and Mark Tanner to be identified as the authors of this work has been asserted in accordance with the with the Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988. A CIP catalogue record of this book is available from the British Library. All rights reserved. This publication may be shared and distributed on a non-commercial basis provided that the work remains in its entirety and no changes are made. Any other use requires the prior written permission of the copyright owner. Naval Review c/o http://www.naval-review.com Charles Malet de Carteret c/o St Quen’s Manor, Jersey Mark Tanner c/o http://warletters.net http://www.warletters.net Contents Contents 4 Preface 5 1: From England to South America 7 2: German Ships Approaching 12 3: The Coronel Action 17 4: The Defence of the Falklands 19 5: The Battle of the Falklands 25 6: On Patrol 29 7: To the Dardanelles 33 8: Invasion Preparations 41 9: Gallipoli Landings 45 10: At Cape Helles 49 11: Back to Anzac 51 12: The Smyrna Patrol 56 13: The Suvla Landings 61 14: The Smyrna Patrol (Continued) 63 15: Sick Leave in Malta 67 16: Evacuation 69 17: Operations Against Smyrna 75 18: Report on Operations 82 19: Leaving for Home 85 APPENDICES 87 1: Canopus Officers 87 2: Heathcoat S.
  • Congressional Record-· Senate

    Congressional Record-· Senate

    2188 CONGRESSIONA. L RECORD- SENATE . FEBRUARY 19, SENATE. H. R. 1062. An acf granting an increase of pension to Cha1:les C. WeaTer; WEDNESDAY, February 19, 1908. H. R. 1063. An act granting an increase of pension to Nich­ Prayer by the Chaplain, Rev. EDWARD E . HALE. olas S. Chrisman ; The Secretary proceeded to read the Journal of yesterday's H. R. 1215. An act granting an increase of pension to Phebe proceedings, when, on request of Mr. GALLINGER, and by unani­ A. Bar·tea u.x ; mous consent, the further reading was dispensed with. H. R. 1484. An act granting an increase of penaion to Marshall The VICE-PRESIDENT. The Journal stands approved. W. Rogers; H . R. 1496. An act granting an increase of pension to Elbert READING OF WASHINGTON'S FAREWELL ADDRESS. M . Watts; The VICE-PRESIDENT. The Chair announces the appoint­ H . R. 1508. An act granting an increase of pension to William ment of the junior Senator from North Dakota [Mr. McCuM­ 1\I. Jordan; BER] to read Washington's Farewell Address on the 22d instant, H. R. loGO. An act granting an increase of pension to Nelson pursuant to the order of the Senate of January 24, 1901. Wolfley; TRADE CONDITIONS IN ECUADOR. H. R. 1673. An act granting an increase of pension to George The VICE-PRESIDENT laid before the Senate a communica­ Athey; tion from the Secretary of Commerce and Labor, transmitting H . R. 19Dl. An act granting an increase of pension to Jerry pursuant to law, the report of Special Agent Charles M.
  • Jorge Ortiz-Sotelo Phd Thesis

    Jorge Ortiz-Sotelo Phd Thesis

    ;2<? /81 >42 0<5>5=4 8/@/7 =>/>598 !'+&+#'+)," 6NPGE 9PRIX#=NREKN / >HEQIQ =SBLIRRED FNP RHE 1EGPEE NF ;H1 AR RHE ?MITEPQIRW NF =R$ /MDPEUQ ',,+ 3SKK LERADARA FNP RHIQ IREL IQ ATAIKABKE IM <EQEAPCH.=R/MDPEUQ-3SKK>EVR AR- HRRO-%%PEQEAPCH#PEONQIRNPW$QR#AMDPEUQ$AC$SJ% ;KEAQE SQE RHIQ IDEMRIFIEP RN CIRE NP KIMJ RN RHIQ IREL- HRRO-%%HDK$HAMDKE$MER%'&&()%(,*+ >HIQ IREL IQ OPNRECRED BW NPIGIMAK CNOWPIGHR PERU AND THE BRITISH NAVAL STATION (1808-1839) Jorge Ortiz-Sotelo. Thesis submitted for Philosophy Doctor degree The University of Saint Andrews Maritime Studies 1996 EC A UNI L/ rJ ý t\ jxý DF, ÄNý Jorge Ortiz-Sotelo Peru and the British Naval Station ABSTRACT The protection of British interests in the Pacific was the basic reason to detach a number of Royal Navy's vessels to that Ocean during the Nineteenth Century. There were several British interests in the area, and an assorted number of Britons established in Spanish America since the beginning of the struggle for Independence. Amongst them, merchants was perhaps the most important and influential group, pressing on their government for protection to their trade. As soon as independence reached the western coast of America, a new space was created for British presence. First Valparaiso and afterwards Callao, British merchants were soon firmly established in that part of South America. As had happened in the Atlantic coast, their claims for protection were attended by the British government through the Pacific Squadron, under the flag of the Commander-in-Chief of the South American Station, until 1837, when it was raised to a separate Station.
  • Collection Development Policy 2012-17

    Collection Development Policy 2012-17

    COLLECTION DEVELOPMENT POLICY 2012-17 CONTENTS Definition of terms used in the policy 3 Introduction 5 An historical introduction to the collections 8 The Collections Archaeology 11 Applied and Decorative Arts 13 Ceramics 13 Glass 14 Objets d‘Art 14 Jewellery 15 Furniture 16 Plate 16 Uniforms, Clothing and Textiles 17 Flags 18 Coins, Medals and Heraldry 20 Coins and Medals 20 Ship Badges, Heraldry and Seal Casts 21 Ethnography, Relics and Antiquities 23 Polar Equipment 23 Relics and Antiquities 23 Ethnographic Objects 24 Tools and Ship Equipment 26 Tools and Equipment 26 Figureheads and Ship Carvings 27 Cartography 30 Atlases, Charts, Maps and Plans 30 Globes and Globe Gores 31 Fine Arts 33 Oil Paintings 33 Prints and Drawings 34 Portrait Miniatures 35 Sculpture 36 Science and Technology 40 Astronomical Instruments 40 Navigational Instruments and Oceanography 42 Horology 43 Weapons and Ordnance 46 Edged Weapons 46 Firearms 47 Ordnance 49 Photographs and Film 52 Historic Photographs 52 Film Archive 54 Ship Plans and Technical Records 57 1 Boats and Ship Models 60 Boats 60 Models 60 Ethnographic Models 61 Caird Library and Archive 63 Archive Collections 63 Printed Ephemera 65 Rare Books 66 Legal, ethical and institutional contexts to acquisition and disposal 69 1.1 Legal and Ethical Framework 69 1.2 Principles of Collecting 69 1.3 Criteria for Collecting 70 1.4 Acquisition Policy 70 1.5 Acquisitions not covered by the policy 73 1.6 Acquisition documentation 73 1.7 Acquisition decision-making process 73 1.8 Disposal Policy 75 1.9 Methods of disposal 77 1.10 Disposal documentation 79 1.11 Disposal decision-making process 79 1.12 Collections Development Committee 79 1.13 Reporting Structure 80 1.14 References 81 Appendix 1.
  • United States Naval Academy 2009 Naval History Symposium 10-11 September 2009 Program of Events

    United States Naval Academy 2009 Naval History Symposium 10-11 September 2009 Program of Events

    United States Naval Academy 2009 Naval History Symposium 10-11 September 2009 Program of Events Wednesday, 09 September 5:00 – 8:00 PM: Early registration – Doubletree Hotel Thursday, 10 September 7:00 AM – 4:00 PM: Registration – Main lobby, Alumni Hall 7:15 – 8:30 AM: Continental breakfast – Main lobby, Alumni Hall 8:30 – 9:00 AM: Plenary Session – Alumni Hall 9:15 – 11:15 AM: Session I – Sampson Hall ONE HUNDRED YEARS OF U.S. NAVY AIR POWER Hill Goodspeed, U.S. Naval Aviation Museum, “Advancements in Navy Aircraft Design, 1922-1945” Tim Jackson, U.S. Naval War College, “The Two-Ocean Navy Act of 1940: The Impact on American Preparedness for World War II” Douglas V. Smith, U.S. Naval War College, “Adm. Joseph Mason “Bull” Reeves (USNA Class of 1884), The Father of Navy Carrier Aviation” Barney Rubel, U.S. Naval War College, “From Propeller to Jet” Kevin Delamer, U.S. Naval War College, “History of Navy Helicopter Aviation” Chair: Thomas Cutler, U.S. Naval Institute Moderator: Stanley D.M. Carpenter, U.S. Naval War College ROUNDTABLE ON U.S. NAVY DOCUMENTARY EDITIONS Michael Crawford, Naval History and Heritage Command Rear Admiral Joseph Callo, USNR (Ret.), New York, New York. George C. Daughan, Portland, Maine James L. Nelson, Harpswell, Maine Chair: Rear Admiral Jay DeLoach, USN (Ret.), Naval History and Heritage Command CHANGES AND CONTINUITY IN THE U.S. MARINE CORPS IN THE 20TH CENTURY Heather Pace Marshall, Duke University, “ ‘There’s Nothing that a Marine Can’t Do:’ Publicizing the Marine Corps from Above and Below” Colin M.