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A Classification of the Riparian Vegetation of the Gunnison River

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0 0 A Classification of the Riparian Vegetation l of the Gunnison River Basin, Colorado [ 0 0 0 Final Report October, 1995 Submitted to the Colorado Department of Natural Resources and the Environmental Protection Agency, Region VIII Prepared by Gwen Kittel, Renee Rondeau, and Steve Kettler The Colorado Natural Heritage Program 254 General Services Bldg. Colorado State University Ft. Collins, CO 80523 [ ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Financial support for this study was provided by a grant from the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Region VIII, through the Colorado Department of Natural Resources, with in-kind services from the Colorado Natural Heritage Program. Additional funding was provided by the US Fish and Wildlife Service and the Bureau of Land Management's Colorado Office. We'd like to thank Karen Hamilton, John Peters, and Dale Vodenahl of the EPA, Doug Robotham and Kate Jones of the Colorado Department ofNatural Resources, Lucy Jordan of USFWS, and Brenda Mitchell of the Bureau of Land Management for their continued support. We'd also like to acknowledge all Riparian Task Force members for their support and technical assistance, and for making this project a success. The Riparian Task Force is a cooperative group of 14 agencies joined by a Memorandum of Understanding and dedicated to the development of a state-wide riparian classification for Colorado (see Appendix 3). Several individuals contributed to the success of this project. Betsy Neely designed and wrote the original proposals, and has provided continued technical support both in the field and in the office. Maureen DeCoursey and Julie Burt assisted in collecting the field data, kept our morale up and cooked many a great camp dinner. We'd like to thank Annalisa Rush for her volunteer field assistance. Many people assisted with the logistics of the field season. Barry Johnston of the USFS was inspirational and supportive of this project, provided great insights on methods, obtained necessary infrared aerial photos, and shared his riparian vegetation data from over 100 plots collected since 1982. Sandy Hayes of the BLM graciously loaned infrared aerial photographs and introduced us to the Gunnison office staff. Lynn Cudlip provided field access · within the Curecanti National Recreational Area. Many thanks to BLM folks based in Montrose: Amanda Clements for her hospitality and providing additional funding from the BLM, and a big thank you is due to Karen Tucker for organizing (great food!) and supporting the USGS 1993 research float of the Gunnison River. Thanks to John Elliot of the USGS for allowing us to join the river expedition. We also thank John Hess of the Town of Crested Butte for his hospitality and assistance with pem1ission to survey private lands. Thank you to Honeydew Nash for her volunteer field assistance. We were happy to meet and get a lot of historical and other infom1ation from Susan Lohr and other helpful folks at the Rocky Mountain Biological Station, for providing logistical support, and introducing us to Bill Trampe. Mr. Trampe kindly provided access to his East River property. We also thank the Rocky Mountain News for letting us guide them into the deepest part of the East River willow-carr ecosystem, and for wTiting an excellent series of articles on biodiversity research. We also thank Alan Carpenter, Marion Reid, and John Sanderson for reviewing this manuscript. Their comments were candid, helpful, and enlightening. II TABLE OF CONTENTS SUMMARY .................................................................. 1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................. 2 METHODS .................................................................. 8 Representative site selection ............................................... 8 Collection of vegetation and environmental data .............................. 10 Data Analysis and Classification Criteria .................................... 11 Detem1ination of Ecologically-Significant Sites ............................... 15 RESULTS and DISCUSSION ................................................... 18 Riparian Condition and Site Selection ....................................... 18 Plant Associations ...................................................... 20 Environmental Correlations ............................................... 27 Elevation ....................................................... 2 7 Stream Gradient and Valley Width ................................... 27 Height above Stream Channel and Soil Organic Matter ................... 28 . KEY TO THE RIPARIAN PLANT AS SOCIA TIO NS OF THE GUNNISON RIVER BASIN, COLORADO .......................................................... 32 1.A.9.c. EVERGREEN FOREST ................................................ 37 Abies !asiocarpa Alliance ................................................ 37 Abies lasiocarpa I Ahws incana-Salix drummondiana ............................ 37 Abies lasiocarpa/Sa/ix drummondiana ................................ 40 Abies lasioca1pa!Aferte11sia ci/iata ................................... 43 Picea pungens Alliance .................................................. 46 Picea pungens/Alnus incana ........................................ 46 Picea pungens!Amelanchier a!nifolia-Cornus sericea .................... 48 Pseudotsuga menziesii Alliance ............................................ 50 l.B.2.b. COLD DECIDUOUS FOREST WITH NEEDLE-LEAVED EVERGREEN TREES . 52 Populus angustifo/ia Alliance ............................................. 52 Populus angustifolia-Picea pungens/Alnus incana ....................... 52 I.B.3.b. MAINLY COLD-DECIDUOUS FOREST WITHOUT EVERGREEN TREES 55 Populus angustifolia Series . 55 iii Populus angustifolia!Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia Plant Association ...... 55 Populus angustifolia!Amelanchier spp. Plant Association ............. 57 Populus angustifolia!Cornus sericea Plant Association . 60 Populus angustifolia!Rhus trilobata .......................... 63 Populus angustifolia!Salix ligulifolia-Shepherdia argentea Plant Association ............................................. 66 Other Populus angustifolia stands: . 68 Populus balsamifera Series . 69 Populus balsamifera/Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia Plant Association ...... 69 Populus tremuloides Series . 71 Populus tremuloides!Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia Plant Association ...... 71 III.B.3.c. DECIDUOUS ALLUVIAL SHRUBLANDS ....................... 73 A/nus incana ssp. tenuifolia Alliance .............................. 73 A/nus incana ssp. tenuifolia-Cornus sericea Plant Association .......... 73 A/nus incana ssp. tenuifolia!Mesic Forb Plant Association ........... 76 A/nus incana ssp. tenuijolia-Salix drummondiana Plant Association ...... 79 Other A/nus incana dominated stands: .............................. 81 Betula occidentalis Alliance . 83 Betula occidentalis!Mesic Forb Plant Association . 83 Betula glandulosa Alliance . 85 Salix boothii Alliance . 87 Salix boothii!Mesic forb Plant Association . 87 Salix drummondiana Alliance ................................... 90 Salix drummondiana!Mesic forb Plant Association . 90 Salix exigua Alliance . 92 Salix exigua!Barren ground Plant Association .................... 92 Other Salix exigua stands . 94 Salix geyeriana Alliance . 95 Salix geyeriana!Carex aquatilis Plant Association ................. 95 Salix monticola Alliance . 97 Salix monticola!Carex utriculata Plant Association . 97 Salix monticola!Mesic forb Plant Association . 99 Salix monticola-Salix planifolia!Mesic forb Plant Association . 102 III.B.3.d. DECIDUOUS PEAT SHRUBLANDS 104 Salix brachycarpa Alliance . 104 Salix brachycarpa!Mesic forb Plant Association ................ 104 Salix planijolia!Caltha leptosepala Plant Association ............ 107 Salix planijolia!Carex aquatilis Plant Association ............... 109 Salix planifolia-Salix wolfii!Carex aquatilis-Calamagrostis canadensis Plant Association ................................... 111 iv V.B.4.a. MEDIUM TALL SOD-FORMING GRASSLANDS .................. 113 Calamagrostis canadensis Alliance . 113 Calamagrostis canadensis) Plant Association . 113 V.C.6.a. MESOPHYTIC SOD-FORMING SUBALPINE-ALPINE GRASSLANDS 115 Carex aquatilis Alliance . 115 Carex aquatilis Plant Association . 115 Care.t aquatilis-Care.t utriculata Plant Association . 117 Care.t utriculata Plant Association . 119 Other Care.t spp. stand: . 121 LITERATURE CITED ....................................................... 122 APPENDIX I. Plot locations and Best Riparian Sites ............................... 130 APPEND IX 2. Plant Species List .............................................. 141 APPENDIX 3. Riparian Task Force Meneorandum of Understanding ................. 150 v FIGURES Figure 1. Major River Basins of the Colorado Western Slope. ......................... 3 Figure 2. Map of the Gunnison River drainage with plot locations. ..................... 6 Figure 3. Riparian habitats across the Gunnison Basin stratified by stream order and elevation 7 Figure 4. (A) Gunnison Watershed Landownership, (B) Overall Riparian Condition, and (C) Riparian Condition by Landownership ...................................... 18 Figure 5. Quality of Gunnison Basin perennial stream miles by stream order (a) and elevations (b) ................................................................... 19 Figure 6. Cluster Analysis Dendrogram ........................................... 21 Figure 7. Detrended Correspondence Analysis, Avis 1 vs. Axis 3 ....................... 28 Figure 8. Range and mean elevation of four Populus angustifolia
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