Bulgaria – National Report
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Federal Research Division Country Profile: Bulgaria, October 2006
Library of Congress – Federal Research Division Country Profile: Bulgaria, October 2006 COUNTRY PROFILE: BULGARIA October 2006 COUNTRY Formal Name: Republic of Bulgaria (Republika Bŭlgariya). Short Form: Bulgaria. Term for Citizens(s): Bulgarian(s). Capital: Sofia. Click to Enlarge Image Other Major Cities (in order of population): Plovdiv, Varna, Burgas, Ruse, Stara Zagora, Pleven, and Sliven. Independence: Bulgaria recognizes its independence day as September 22, 1908, when the Kingdom of Bulgaria declared its independence from the Ottoman Empire. Public Holidays: Bulgaria celebrates the following national holidays: New Year’s (January 1); National Day (March 3); Orthodox Easter (variable date in April or early May); Labor Day (May 1); St. George’s Day or Army Day (May 6); Education Day (May 24); Unification Day (September 6); Independence Day (September 22); Leaders of the Bulgarian Revival Day (November 1); and Christmas (December 24–26). Flag: The flag of Bulgaria has three equal horizontal stripes of white (top), green, and red. Click to Enlarge Image HISTORICAL BACKGROUND Early Settlement and Empire: According to archaeologists, present-day Bulgaria first attracted human settlement as early as the Neolithic Age, about 5000 B.C. The first known civilization in the region was that of the Thracians, whose culture reached a peak in the sixth century B.C. Because of disunity, in the ensuing centuries Thracian territory was occupied successively by the Greeks, Persians, Macedonians, and Romans. A Thracian kingdom still existed under the Roman Empire until the first century A.D., when Thrace was incorporated into the empire, and Serditsa was established as a trading center on the site of the modern Bulgarian capital, Sofia. -
Assessment and Selection Process for the Bulgarian Special Forces
Calhoun: The NPS Institutional Archive DSpace Repository Theses and Dissertations 1. Thesis and Dissertation Collection, all items 2019-12 ASSESSMENT AND SELECTION PROCESS FOR THE BULGARIAN SPECIAL FORCES Vlahov, Petar Georgiev Monterey, CA; Naval Postgraduate School http://hdl.handle.net/10945/64090 Downloaded from NPS Archive: Calhoun NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA THESIS ASSESSMENT AND SELECTION PROCESS FOR THE BULGARIAN SPECIAL FORCES by Petar Georgiev Vlahov December 2019 Thesis Advisor: Kalev I. Sepp Second Reader: Michael Richardson Approved for public release. Distribution is unlimited. THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK Form Approved OMB REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instruction, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302, and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project (0704-0188) Washington, DC 20503. 1. AGENCY USE ONLY 2. REPORT DATE 3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED (Leave blank) December 2019 Master’s thesis 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5. FUNDING NUMBERS ASSESSMENT AND SELECTION PROCESS FOR THE BULGARIAN SPECIAL FORCES 6. AUTHOR(S) Petar Georgiev Vlahov 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 8. PERFORMING Naval Postgraduate School ORGANIZATION REPORT Monterey, CA 93943-5000 NUMBER 9. SPONSORING / MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND 10. -
Mixed Migration Flows in the Mediterranean Compilation of Available Data and Information April 2017
MIXED MIGRATION FLOWS IN THE MEDITERRANEAN COMPILATION OF AVAILABLE DATA AND INFORMATION APRIL 2017 TOTAL ARRIVALS TOTAL ARRIVALS TOTAL ARRIVALS 46,015 TO EUROPE 45,056 TO EUROPE BY SEA 959 TO EUROPE BY LAND Content Highlights • Cummulative Arrivals and Weekly Overview According to available data, there have been 46,015 new arrivals to Greece, Italy, Bulgaria, Cyprus and Spain between 1 January and 30 April • Overview Maps 2017. • EU-Turkey Statement Overview Until 30 April 2017, there were estimated 37,248 cumulative arrivals to • Relocations Italy, compared to 27,926 arrivals recorded at the end of the same month • Bulgaria in 2016 (33% increase). Contrary to that, Greece has seen a 96% lower number of arrivals by the end April 2017 when compared to the same • Croatia period 2016 (5,742 and 156,551 respectively). • Cyprus At the end of April, total number of migrants and refugees stranded in • Greece Greece, Cyprus and in the Western Balkans reached 73,900. Since the im- • Hungary plementation of the EU-Turkey Statement on 18 March 2016, the number • Italy of migrants stranded in Greece increased by 45%. More information could be found on page 5. • Romania • Serbia Between October 2015 and 30 April 2017, 17,909 individuals have been relocated to 24 European countries. Please see page on relocations for • Slovenia more information. • Turkey In the first four months of 2017, total of 1,093 migrants and refugees • The former Yugoslav Republic of were readmitted from Greece to Turkey as part of the EU-Turkey State- Macedonia ment. The majority of migrants and refugees were Pakistani, Syrian, Alge- • Central Mediterranean rian, Afghan, and Bangladeshi nationals (more info inTurkey section). -
Total Abolition in Bulgaria, Canada, Lithuania
DEATH PENALTY DECEMBER 1998 NEWS AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL 1 Easton Street AI Index: ACT 53/01/99 London WC1X 8DJ Distribution: SC/DP/PO/CO/GR United Kingdom A QUARTERLY BULLETIN OF EVENTS ON THE DEATH PENALTY AND MOVES TOWARDS WORLDWIDE ABOLITION TOTAL ABOLITION IN BULGARIA, CANADA, LITHUANIA Bulgaria, Canada and Lithuania have abolished Under the amended Penal Code, the the death penalty for all crimes, bringing to 67 death penalty is replaced by life imprisonment the number of totally abolitionist countries. without possibility of commutation. As with the death penalty which it replaces, this penalty In other important developments in December cannot be Kyrgyzstan and Turkmenistan instituted imposed on women who were pregnant at the moratoria on executions, while the USA carried time out its 500th execution since 1977. In Rome, the of the offence or at the time of sentencing, Pope issued a strong call for abolition (see people stories on pages 2 - 4) younger than 20, or soldiers younger than 18 for military offences or offences committed in time On 10 December, Human Rights Day, the of war, for whom the maximum penalty is life National Assembly of Bulgaria voted to imprisonment with a possibility of commutation. abolish the death penalty from the Penal Code The death penalty was introduced in for all crimes. The vote represented the modern Bulgaria in 1896. A total of 915 people culmination of a process begun in July 1990 were executed between 1951 and 1989. The last when a moratorium on the death penalty was execution in Bulgaria was carried out on 4 introduced. -
Armed Forces As an Element of National Power, and Compulsory Military Service
Online Journal of Communication and Media Technologies Volume: 3 – Issue: 4 – October - 2013 Armed Forces as an Element of National Power, and Compulsory Military Service Suat Begeç, Turkey Abstract Whether military service should be done as a national duty or left to the professionals has been discussed for a long time both in Turkey and across the world. In order to answer this question and make relevant suggestions, this paper begins with the recruitment system in the Turkish Armed Forces during the history. Subsequently, armed forces of neighbor countries, their communication strategies and of those politically linked with Turkey as well as the world armies carrying weight for the scope of this study are all analyzed. Thirdly, current military service and its flawed aspects are explained. Finally come suggestions on how the military service should be. Keywords: Armed forces, compulsory military service, national army, recruitment © Online Journal of Communication and Media Technologies 179 Online Journal of Communication and Media Technologies Volume: 3 – Issue: 4 – October - 2013 Introduction Neither numbers nor technology wins in a war… The winner is always the heart. There is no might that can stand against a unit banded together. Soldiers believe that if they lose their life in a war, they will die a martyr and be worthy of heaven; and that if they survive they will be a veteran and leave unforgettable memories to his children. This belief renders them fearless. This bestows on their commanders a power that few leaders have. Power is the ability to influence people and events. Power is the ability that leaders and managers gain and enjoy through their personalities, activities and situations within the organizational structure [Newstrom & Davis, 2002:272]. -
TNE21 Bio Sheet
1 & 2 JUNE 2021 – VIRTUAL EVENT SPEAKER BIOGRAPHIES Brigadier general João António Campos Rocha Director of CIS, EMGFA, Portugal Brigadier general electrotechnical engineer João António Campos Rocha was born in Albufeira, Portugal, in February 1965. He belongs to the Air Force and became the Director of Communications and Information Systems of the General Staff of the Armed Forces since January of 2019. REAR-ADMIRAL MÁRIO DO CARMO DURÃO POR N (Ret.), President, AFCEA Portugal Chapter Rear-Admiral Mário Durão, graduated from Naval Academy in June 1971 and from Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, USA, as Master of Science in Mechanical Engineering in June 1977. Between 1984 and 1994, was appointed Professor of Thermodynamics and Fluid Mechanics at the Naval Academy. From 1994 to 2005, assumed top management functions in the ICT areas in the Navy and the MoD, being CIO and Deputy Secretary General. He retired in December 2013. Since October 2014 he has been president of AFCEA Portugal. 1 KC CHOI B2B Global Lead, Samsung Electronics, USA Executive Vice President, Head of Global Mobile B2B/B2G Team, Mobile Communications Business, Samsung Electronics Co.,Ltd (Nov, 2019~present). 35 years working at several of America’s iconic technology companies such as IBM, NCR, HP and Dell and CTO for United Healthcare. B.A. in Economics and Electrical Engineering from UC Irvine, Guest lecturer at Loyola Marymount University and Stanford University. MGen Jorge Côrte-Real Andrade Deputy Director of National Defence Resources Directorate, Ministry of Defence, Portugal MGen Jorge Côrte-Real is Deputy Director of the Portuguese Defence Resources Directorate (MoD) and Deputy National Armament Director. -
Euroization in Central, Eastern and Southeastern Europe – First Results from the New Oenb Euro Survey
Euroization in Central, Eastern and Southeastern Europe – First Results from the New OeNB Euro Survey Sandra Dvorsky, This article presents the main results of a new OeNB survey on foreign currency holdings, Thomas Scheiber, which was conducted for the first time in late 2007 in four Central and Eastern European Helmut Stix (CEE) as well as seven Southeastern European (SEE) countries. The most important questions asked in the survey pertain to the currency composition and the amounts of foreign currency cash holdings and foreign currency deposits as well as to the motives for holding foreign cur- rency cash and deposits. The authors conclude that the euro plays a dominant role in foreign currency-denominated assets (both cash and deposits) throughout the region. 1 Introduction In Central, Eastern and Southeastern Europe (CESEE), the use of foreign curren- cies in general and of the euro in particular is a widespread phenomenon that is also referred to as euroization2 in the literature. There are several reasons for euroization, some of which relate to a country’s past (e.g. the erosion of confi- dence in the national currency owing to political and economic turbulences), while others possibly relate to its present or future situation (e.g. close economic ties with the euro area, migration and expectations about a prospective introduc- tion of the euro). For the countries concerned, euroization has implications on the conduct of monetary and fiscal policy. For the euro area, in turn, implications arise as a considerable amount of the euro cash in circulation is estimated to be held abroad. -
Bulgaria to Improve International Tax Compliance and to Implement FATCA
Agreement between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of the Republic of Bulgaria to Improve International Tax Compliance and to Implement FATCA Whereas, the Government of the United States of America and the Government of the Republic of Bulgaria (each, a “Party,” and together, the “Parties”) desire to conclude an agreement to improve international tax compliance; Whereas, Article 25 of the Convention between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of the Republic of Bulgaria for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of Fiscal Evasion with Respect to Taxes on Income (the “Convention”), along with a Protocol, done at Washington on February 23, 2007, authorizes the exchange of information for tax purposes, including on an automatic basis; Whereas, the United States of America enacted provisions commonly known as the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (“FATCA”), which introduce a reporting regime for financial institutions with respect to certain accounts; Whereas, the Government of the Republic of Bulgaria is supportive of the underlying policy goal of FATCA to improve tax compliance; Whereas, FATCA has raised a number of issues, including that Bulgarian financial institutions may not be able to comply with certain aspects of FATCA due to domestic legal impediments; Whereas, an intergovernmental approach to FATCA implementation would address legal impediments and reduce burdens for Bulgarian financial institutions; Whereas, the Parties desire to conclude an agreement to improve international tax compliance and provide for the implementation of FATCA based on domestic reporting and automatic exchange pursuant to the Convention, and subject to the confidentiality and other protections provided for therein, including the provisions limiting the use of the information exchanged under the Convention; Now, therefore, the Parties have agreed as follows: Article 1 Definitions 1. -
Volume-219-I-2962-English.Pdf
No. 2962 ALBANIA, BULGARIA, HUNGARY, GERMAN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC, POLAND, ROMANIA, UNION OF SOVBET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS and CZECHOSLOVAKIA Treaty of Friendship, Co-operation and Mutual Assistance. Signed at Warsaw, on 14 May 1955 Official texts: Russian, Polish, Czech and German. Registered by Poland on 10 October 1955. ALBANIE, BULGARIE, HONGRIE, RÉPUBLIQUE DÉMOCRATIQUE ALLEMANDE, POLOGNE, ROUMANIE, UNION DES RÉPUBLIQUES SOCIALISTES SOVIÉTIQUES et TCHÉCOSLOVAQUIE Traité d'amitié, de coopération et d'assistance mutuelle. Signé à Varsovie, le 14 mai 1955 Textes officiels russe, polonais, tchèque et allemand. Enregistré par la Pologne le 10 octobre 1955. 24 United Nations — Treaty Series 1955 [TRANSLATION TRADUCTION] No. 2962. TREATY1 OF FRIENDSHIP, CO-OPERATION AND MUTUAL ASSISTANCE BETWEEN THE PEOPLE©S RE PUBLIC OF ALBANIA, THE PEOPLE©S REPUBLIC OF BULGARIA, THE HUNGARIAN PEOPLE©S REPUBLIC, THE GERMAN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC, THE POLISH PEOPLE©S REPUBLIC, THE ROMANIAN PEOPLE©S RE PUBLIC, THE UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUB LICS AND THE CZECHOSLOVAK REPUBLIC. SIGNED AT WARSAW, ON 14 MAY 1955 The Contracting Parties, Reaffirming their desire to create a system of collective security in Europe based on the participation of all European States, irrespective of their social and political structure, whereby the said States may be enabled to combine their efforts in the interests of ensuring peace in Europe; Taking into consideration, at the same time, the situation that has come about in Europe as a result of the ratification of the Paris Agreements, -
Political Dynamics Within the Balkans: the Cases of Bosnia & Herzegovina, Macedonia, Bulgaria, Serbia, and Montenegro
Chicago-Kent Law Review Volume 80 Issue 1 Symposium: Final Status for Kosovo: Article 4 Untying the Gordian Knot December 2004 Political Dynamics within the Balkans: The Cases of Bosnia & Herzegovina, Macedonia, Bulgaria, Serbia, and Montenegro Lisen Bashkurti Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.kentlaw.iit.edu/cklawreview Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation Lisen Bashkurti, Political Dynamics within the Balkans: The Cases of Bosnia & Herzegovina, Macedonia, Bulgaria, Serbia, and Montenegro, 80 Chi.-Kent L. Rev. 49 (2005). Available at: https://scholarship.kentlaw.iit.edu/cklawreview/vol80/iss1/4 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarly Commons @ IIT Chicago-Kent College of Law. It has been accepted for inclusion in Chicago-Kent Law Review by an authorized editor of Scholarly Commons @ IIT Chicago-Kent College of Law. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. POLITICAL DYNAMICS WITHIN THE BALKANS: THE CASES OF BOSNIA & HERZEGOVINA, MACEDONIA, BULGARIA, SERBIA, AND MONTENEGRO DR. LISEN BASHKURTI* INTRODUCTION The origin, history, political doctrines, and geopolitics of the Balkan region make its current political dynamic extremely complicated. The Bal- kan Peninsula lies between Western and Eastern Europe and contains a complex composition of populations. The main reasons for the multifarious nature of Balkan political dynamics are the presence of various civiliza- tions, ethno-cultural identities, contradictory geopolitical orientations, and unique affiliations with other peoples and countries in Europe and the rest of the world. The historical trends of Balkan political dynamics have had three in- terconnected dimensions: national, regional, and geopolitical. -
The Sweet Smell of Success How Bulgaria Took the Lead in Lavender
7/31/2020 The sweet smell of success: How Bulgaria took the lead in lavender - BBC News Home News Sport Reel Worklife Travel Future M The sweet smell of success: How Bulgaria took the lead in lavender By Lorelei Mihala Business reporter 30 July 2020 ENIO BONCHEV If you think of lavender, the picturesque purple fields of Provence, France might spring to mind. A favourite scent of the Romans, it's used for cosmetics, fragrances, and even - with the help of bees - to make honey. However, in recent years, Bulgaria, the former communist country in Eastern Europe, has overtaken France to become the world leader in lavender oil production. In the heart of Bulgaria's Rose Valley, in the foothills of the Balkans mountain range, the fields around the small village of Tarnicheni turn purple every late spring. Meanwhile, French lavender production has suffered big losses in the past decade, due to a bacterial infection. https://www.bbc.com/news/business-53493550# 1/17 7/31/2020 The sweet smell of success: How Bulgaria took the lead in lavender - BBC News ENIO BONCHEV "Somebody needed to fill the gap," says Filip Lissicharov, the owner of the Enio Bonchev essential oil distillery in Tarnicheni. He took over in 1992, following the fall of communism and state ownership, but the business was set up by his family in 1909. With this year's crop of flowers now continuing to be harvested, Bulgaria's tradition of lavender cultivation dates back to the beginning of the 20th Century. "Bulgaria and France have changed places before, with Bulgaria being the largest producer of lavender back in the 70s/80s," says Nikolay Valkanov, chief executive at InteliAgro, a Bulgarian non-profit research group in the agriculture field. -
Executive Summary Case Studies Bulgaria, Croatia, Germany
Executive Summary Case Studies Bulgaria, Croatia, Germany, Hungary, Macedonia, Poland, Serbia and Slovenia Transition from analogue to digital terrestrial television broadcasting in Central and Eastern European countries Report by Mr. Petko Kantchev Senior Broadcasting Expert 1. Purpose The elaboration of case studies for the preselected eight European countries with various progress of transition from analogue to DTTV broadcasting is part of the BDT follow-up action on the “Request for a consultancy study on the transition from analogue to digital terrestrial television broadcasting in Central and Eastern European countries”, from 20 th of November 2008, submitted by Dr. Plamen Vatchkov, Chairman of the Bulgarian State Agency for Information Technology and Communications (SAITC) to the Director BDT. 1 2. Background The BDT, upon informal consultation with the SAITC representative, has decided to split the work load into two streams between Mr. Péter Vári, Senior Broadcasting Expert from Hungary and Mr. Petko Kantchev, Senior Broadcasting Expert from Bulgaria and former Specialist on Sound and Television Broadcasting at BDT/ITU as follows: • Mr. Vári shall elaborate case studies for Germany (Internet based research), Hungary (on-situ research) , Poland and Serbia (based on short missions of three working days); and • Mr. Petko Kantchev shall elaborate case studies for Bulgaria (on-situ research), Croatia, Macedonia and Slovenia (based on short missions of two and a half to three working days. 3. Brief description of Experts’ duties 3.1 Discuss with relevant Authorities the issues of transition to DTTV broadcasting and based on the available information, elaborate case studies for each of the said eight countries.