|||GET||| the Yanomamo 6Th Edition
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Indigenous and Tribal Peoples of the Pan-Amazon Region
OAS/Ser.L/V/II. Doc. 176 29 September 2019 Original: Spanish INTER-AMERICAN COMMISSION ON HUMAN RIGHTS Situation of Human Rights of the Indigenous and Tribal Peoples of the Pan-Amazon Region 2019 iachr.org OAS Cataloging-in-Publication Data Inter-American Commission on Human Rights. Situation of human rights of the indigenous and tribal peoples of the Pan-Amazon region : Approved by the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights on September 29, 2019. p. ; cm. (OAS. Official records ; OEA/Ser.L/V/II) ISBN 978-0-8270-6931-2 1. Indigenous peoples--Civil rights--Amazon River Region. 2. Indigenous peoples-- Legal status, laws, etc.--Amazon River Region. 3. Human rights--Amazon River Region. I. Title. II. Series. OEA/Ser.L/V/II. Doc.176/19 INTER-AMERICAN COMMISSION ON HUMAN RIGHTS Members Esmeralda Arosemena de Troitiño Joel Hernández García Antonia Urrejola Margarette May Macaulay Francisco José Eguiguren Praeli Luis Ernesto Vargas Silva Flávia Piovesan Executive Secretary Paulo Abrão Assistant Executive Secretary for Monitoring, Promotion and Technical Cooperation María Claudia Pulido Assistant Executive Secretary for the Case, Petition and Precautionary Measure System Marisol Blanchard a.i. Chief of Staff of the Executive Secretariat of the IACHR Fernanda Dos Anjos In collaboration with: Soledad García Muñoz, Special Rapporteurship on Economic, Social, Cultural, and Environmental Rights (ESCER) Approved by the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights on September 29, 2019 INDEX EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 11 INTRODUCTION 19 CHAPTER 1 | INTER-AMERICAN STANDARDS ON INDIGENOUS AND TRIBAL PEOPLES APPLICABLE TO THE PAN-AMAZON REGION 27 A. Inter-American Standards Applicable to Indigenous and Tribal Peoples in the Pan-Amazon Region 29 1. -
CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY, 3/E © 2005 Barbara D
CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY, 3/e © 2005 Barbara D. Miller 0-205-42720-0 Exam Copy ISBN (Please use above number to order your exam copy.) Visit www.ablongman.com/replocator to contact your local Allyn & Bacon/Longman representative. sample chapter The pages of this Sample Chapter may have slight variations in final published form. Allyn & Bacon 75 Arlington St., Suite 300 Boston, MA 02116 www.ablongman.com THE BIG QUESTION • WHAT is the scope of economic anthropology? • WHAT are the characteristics of the five major modes of produc- tion? • WHAT are some directions of change in the five modes of pro- duction? 3 ECONOMIES AND THEIR MODES OF PRODUCTION CULTURE AND ECONOMIES CHANGING MODES OF PRODUCTION Typologies: Modes of Production Changing Economies of Foragers: The Tiwi of Northern Links: Globalization and the World Economy Australia MODES OF PRODUCTION Changing Economies of Horticulturalists: The Mundurucu Foraging of the Brazilian Amazon ■ Unity and Diversity: Hare Indians of Northwest Canada Changing Economies of Pastoralists: Herders of Mongolia and the Importance of Dogs Changing Worlds of Family Farmers: The Maya of Horticulture Chiapas, Mexico Pastoralism Changing Worlds of Industrialists: Taiwanese in South Africa Agriculture THE BIG QUESTIONS REVISITED ■ Lessons Applied: The Global Network of Indigenous Knowledge Resource Centers KEY CONCEPTS ■ Critical Thinking: Was the Invention of Agriculture at SUGGESTED READINGS Terrible Mistake? Industrialism and Post-Industrialism 51 In this chapter we explore how people cross-culturally make a living. This topic fits within the scope of the sub- field of economic anthropology, which is the cross-cul- tural study of economic systems. Economic systems include three major areas: production, or making goods or money; consumption, or using up goods or money; and exchange, or the transfer of goods or money between peo- ple or institutions. -
DEVELOPMENT DESTROYS Thekill HEALTH of TRIBAL PEOPLES
LAND AND LIFE Progress can HOW IMPOSED DEVELOPMENT DESTROYS THEkill HEALTH OF TRIBAL PEOPLES a Survival International publication ‘OUTSIDERS WHO COME HERE ALWAYS CLAIM THEY ARE BRINGING PROGRESS. BUT ALL THEY BRING ARE EMPTY PROMISES. WHAT WE’RE REALLY STRUGGLING FOR IS OUR LAND. ABOVE ALL ELSE THIS IS WHAT WE NEED.’ ARAU, PENAN MAN, SARAWAK, MALAYSIA, 2007 contents * 1 INTRODUCTION: LAND AND LIFE 1 2 LONG-TERM IMPACTS OF SETTLEMENT ON HEALTH 10 3 IDENTITY, FREEDOM AND MENTAL HEALTH 22 4 MATERNAL AND SEXUAL HEALTH 28 5 HEALTHCARE 33 6 CONCLUSION: HEALTH AND FUTURE 42 Introduction: Land and Life Across the world, from the poorest to ‘We are not poor or primitive. * the richest countries, indigenous peoples We Yanomami are very rich. Rich today experience chronic ill health. They in our culture, our language and endure the worst of the diseases that our land. We don’t need money accompany poverty and, simultaneously, or possessions. What we need many suffer from ‘diseases of affluence’ is respect: respect for our culture – such as cancers and obesity – despite and respect for our land rights.’ often receiving few of the benefits of Davi Kopenawa Yanomami, Brazil 1995. ‘development’. Diabetes alone threatens the very survival of many indigenous Tribal peoples who have suffered communities in rich countries.3 Indigenous colonisation, forced settlement, peoples also experience serious mental assimilation policies and other ‘You napëpë [whites] talk about health problems and have high levels forms of marginalisation and removal what you call “development” and of substance abuse and suicide. The from ancestral lands almost always tell us to become the same as you. -
202 Yanomami and Gender Toward a Sanumá Theory Of
SÉRIE ANTROPOLOGIA 202 YANOMAMI AND GENDER TOWARD A SANUMÁ THEORY OF KNOWLEDGE Alcida Rita Ramos Trabalho preparado para o Simpósio "Amazonia and Melanesia: Gender and Anthropological Comparison" promovido pela Wenner-Gren Foundation, a ser realizado em Mijas, Espanha, de 7 a 15 de setembro de 1996. Brasília 1996 Yanomami and Gender: Toward a Sanuma Theory of Knowledge Alcida Rita Ramos Yanomami - the image Perhaps the most famous of lowland South American indigenous groups, the Yanomami have fired the imagination of many an American undergraduate, journalist, and even offended feminist1. The image of the most primitive people on earth (the Aborigine is dead, God save the Yanomami) abusing their women, killing their babies, and acting like baboons2 has poured over the media no doubt to supply the West with an increasingly rare symbol of primitive savagery. Exotic par excellence, the image of the Yanomami as fierce people has had the ambiguous effect of making this people known worldwide, but as "our contemporary ancestors" (Chagnon 1983:214), that is, our Hobbesian alter-ego before humanity tamed itself into civilization. Yanomami violence has become an axiom for sociobiological demonstrations while Yanomami warfare has been a current commodity in anthropological circles and continues to feed a seemingly inexhaustible editorial market3. By Yanomami it is commonly meant half of the Yanomami, i.e. men. The other half, women, seems to exist for no other reason than to give their men the opportunity to display to avid Westerners their taste for blood. 1. Consider the following headline (O Estado de S. Paulo, April 7, 1990, p. -
Yanomani Hunting Patterns
YANOMAMI HUNTING PATTERNS: TREKKING AND GARDEN RELOCATION AS AN ADAPTATION TO GAME AVAILABILITY IN AMAZONIA, VENEZUELA BY KENNETH GOOD A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 1989 Copyright 1989 by Kenneth Robert Good 1_ 1 To the Hasupiwet eri , who showed me the ways of Yanomami hunting and especially to my wife Yarima who so courageously endured the trials of both her world and mine. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Over the 14 years that I carried out fieldwork among the Yanomami so many friends and family members have aided and supported me, both spiritually and materially, that it would be difficult to name all of them here. I am grateful to each and everyone of them. I must recognize a few, however, who played a crucial role during the last stages of writing this dissertation: Marvin Harris, in addition to providing the intellectual basis of my research, offered unselfish time and energy in guiding the formation of the dissertation. Madeline Harris, took charge of assuring that my family would endure my sudden withdrawal from normal family life. Jeanne Weismantel has been a constant friend and teacher to my wife and children. Christopher McCarty contributed much of his time and expertise to the computerization and statistical analysis of the data. Without their help this dissertation would not have been possible. Finally, I am grateful to William Sanders who attracted me to anthropology, to Charles Wagley whose vast knowledge of Amazonian peoples helped me put the Yanomami in perspective, and to Robert Carneiro who literally from day one has inspired me and encouraged me along the way. -
Healing in the Hospital
Tipití: Journal of the Society for the Anthropology of Lowland South America ISSN: 2572-3626 (online) Volume 13 Article 9 Issue 2 Special Topics: The Alchemical Person 11-23-2015 Healing in the Hospital: the Caring Sensorium and the Containment of Yanomami Bodies Johanna Gonçalves Martin Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Cambridge, U.K. Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.trinity.edu/tipiti Part of the Anthropology Commons Recommended Citation Gonçalves Martin, Johanna (2015). "Healing in the Hospital: the Caring Sensorium and the Containment of Yanomami Bodies," Tipití: Journal of the Society for the Anthropology of Lowland South America: Vol. 13: Iss. 2, Article 9, 120-136. Available at: http://digitalcommons.trinity.edu/tipiti/vol13/iss2/9 This Special Topics is brought to you for free and open access by Digital Commons @ Trinity. It has been accepted for inclusion in Tipití: Journal of the Society for the Anthropology of Lowland South America by an authorized editor of Digital Commons @ Trinity. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ARTICLE _________________________________________________________________ Healing in the Hospital: the Caring Sensorium and the Containment of Yanomami Bodies Johanna Gonçalves Martín Division of Social Anthropology, University of Cambridge, U.K. Abstract This paper addresses the question of care in a hospital environment. Focusing on Yanomami people at a hospital in Venezuela, I show how Yanomami practices of re-making the body and restoring health are challenged by the material practices and sensorial qualities of the hospital. Being ill for the Yanomami is an uncontrolled bodily transformation, resulting from improper interactions with other beings. -
Intergenerational Association of Short Maternal Stature with Stunting in Yanomami Indigenous Children from the Brazilian Amazon
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Article Intergenerational Association of Short Maternal Stature with Stunting in Yanomami Indigenous Children from the Brazilian Amazon Jesem Douglas Yamall Orellana 1 , Giovanna Gatica-Domínguez 2 , Juliana dos Santos Vaz 2,3 , Paulo Augusto Ribeiro Neves 2 , Ana Claudia Santiago de Vasconcellos 4, Sandra de Souza Hacon 5 and Paulo Cesar Basta 5,* 1 Leônidas e Maria Deane Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rua Teresina, 476, Adrianópolis, Manaus 69057-070, Brazil; [email protected] 2 Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Pelotas, Rua Marechal Deodoro, 1160-3◦ Piso, Centro, Pelotas 96020-220, Brazil; [email protected] (G.G.-D.); [email protected] (J.d.S.V.); [email protected] (P.A.R.N.) 3 Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Pelotas, Rua Gomes Carneiro, 1, Centro, Pelotas 96010-610, Brazil 4 Laboratory of Professional Education in Health Surveillance, Joaquim Venâncio Polytechnic School of Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Av. Brasil, 4365-Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; [email protected] 5 Samuel Pessoa Department of Endemics, National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Citation: Orellana, J.D.Y.; Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21041-210, Brazil; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +55-21-2598-2503 Gatica-Domínguez, G.; Vaz, J.d.S.; Neves, P.A.R.; de Vasconcellos, A.C.S.; de Souza Hacon, S.; Basta, P.C. Abstract: To describe the factors associated to stunting in <5-year-old Yanomami Brazilian children, Intergenerational Association of Short and to evaluate the association of short maternal stature to their offspring’s stunting. -
Traditional Life in Brazil's Rainforest
138 Living and Working in Latin America Living and Working in Latin America 139 Traditional Life in Brazil’s Rainforest The rainforest’s nutrient cycle The Yanomami The trees of the tropical rainforest receive Small tribes, e.g., the Yanomami, have learnt their nutrients from two sources. Dust over centuries to live in harmony with nature with minerals (from as far away as the Sa- in the dense tropical rainforest along the bor- hara Desert in Africa) falls with the rain der between Brazil and Venezuela (M1). They to the ground. These nutrients seep into are able to exist, because they have found the groundwater, where the trees can ab- ways to cope with the normally difficult con- sorb them. In addition dead plant materi- ditions. als (leaves, branches, etc.) falls to the The Yanomami depend on the rainforest and ground and rots very quickly to form a the rivers for food, clothes, medicine, tools, thin layer of humus. This takes place very building materials, and transport. The rivers quickly because of the tropical heat and are full of fish and the forests full of wildlife M3 Hunting for birds the work of microorganisms in the soil. for hunting. They decorate themselves with They digest the rotting plant matter and feathers and piercings. Leaves and reeds are Hunting set the nutrients free. Then the roots of useful natural products for the household. M1 Yanomami tribal area After a new house has been built out of wood the trees absorb them directly. and leaves, the men start organizing for hunt- When the trees are cut down, the cycle is Shifting cultivation Moving is necessary, because the rainforest ing trips. -
Pictures of the Yanomami
Borofsky photo interlude for BM 9/13/04 2:17 PM Page 1 PHOTOGRAPHIC INTERLUDE Borofsky photo interlude for BM 9/13/04 2:17 PM Page 2 CLAUDIA ADUJAR (Brazilian photographer and activist on behalf of the Yanomami) “The Yanomami have a deep sense of spirituality, and I wanted to convey that. I fear for the Yanomami because of their relative isolation. Few Yanomami understand the world outside their own. My apprehension drew me to capture their images with respect, empathy, and a certain sorrow.” facing page, top: A Yanomami woman, between twenty-two and twenty-five, from Wakathu village. The stick decoration is worn only by women. facing page, bottom: The shaman is in a trance with both eyes shut. He is about sixty years old and is the headman of the Hwayau village. During the construction of the Northern Perimeter Highway in 1976, the whole Wakathu River valley was infected with measles. A messenger had walked five days from Hwayau to the health outpost where Claudia Adujar was to request help. She and a health practitioner had to walk back to the village to assist as best they could. Half the people of the village died from the measles epidemic. The shaman, who was himself facing death, told her, “When I die everything will become dark, the night [death] will come like the wind or like the morning sun. I will be without defenses or power.” He noted that with the introduction of outside diseases, shamans were losing their power to cure people. Borofsky photo interlude for BM 9/13/04 2:17 PM Page 3 Borofsky photo interlude for BM 9/13/04 2:17 PM Page 4 Borofsky photo interlude for BM 9/13/04 2:17 PM Page 5 above: The women are bathing in a small river during a hunting trip. -
Progress Can Kill: How Imposed Development Destroys the Health of Tribal Peoples: Bibliography
LAND AND LIFE Progress cankill HOW IMPOSED DEVELOPMENT DESTROYS THE HEALTH OF TRIBAL PEOPLES a Survival International publication ‘OUTSIDERS WHO COME HERE ALWAYS CLAIM THEY ARE BRINGING PROGRESS. BUT ALL THEY BRING ARE EMPTY PROMISES. WHAT WE’RE REALLY STRUGGLING FOR IS OUR LAND. ABOVE ALL ELSE THIS IS WHAT WE NEED.’ ARAU, PENAN MAN, SARAWAK, MALAYSIA, 2007 contents * 1 INTRODUCTION: LAND AND LIFE 1 2 LONG-TERM IMPACTS OF SETTLEMENT ON HEALTH 10 3 IDENTITY, FREEDOM AND MENTAL HEALTH 22 4 MATERNAL AND SEXUAL HEALTH 28 5 HEALTHCARE 33 6 CONCLUSION: HEALTH AND FUTURE 42 Introduction: Land and Life ‘We are not poor or primitive. * Across the world, from the poorest to the richest countries, indigenous peoples We Yanomami are very rich. Rich today experience chronic ill health. They in our culture, our language and endure the worst of the diseases that our land. We don’t need money accompany poverty and, simultaneously, or possessions. What we need many suffer from ‘diseases of affluence’ is respect: respect for our culture – such as cancers and obesity – despite and respect for our land rights.’ often receiving few of the benefits of Davi Kopenawa Yanomami, Brazil 1995. ‘development’. Diabetes alone threatens the very survival of many indigenous Tribal peoples who have suffered communities in rich countries.3 Indigenous colonisation, forced settlement, peoples also experience serious mental assimilation policies and other ‘You napëpë [whites] talk about health problems and have high levels forms of marginalisation and removal what you call “development” and of substance abuse and suicide. The from ancestral lands almost always tell us to become the same as you. -
High Fertility in a High-Risk Environment: a Biocultural Study of Maternal Health in Honduran Miskito Communities
HIGH FERTILITY IN A HIGH-RISK ENVIRONMENT: A BIOCULTURAL STUDY OF MATERNAL HEALTH IN HONDURAN MISKITO COMMUNITIES DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Shahna L. Arps, M.A. **** The Ohio State University 2007 Dissertation Committee: Approved by Dr. Douglas E. Crews, Advisor Dr. Ivy Pike Advisor Dr. Kendra McSweeney Graduate program in Anthropology Dr. Barbara Piperata ABSTRACT This study examines maternal morbidity, mortality, and current health status in coastal Honduran Miskito communities. In this population, widespread poverty, inadequate access to healthcare, high disease loads, and stressors associated with modernization jeopardize women’s health. Individual interviews, anthropometric measurements, and health assessments were conducted for 218 women. Focus group discussions, participant observation, and community-wide surveys of maternal mortality also provide a basis for exploring how interactions among biology, culture, and environment produce variation in reproduction and health. Average fertility rates are high in these communities (TFR = 7.7 live births); however, individual women show substantial variation in the number of offspring they produce (range: 1-14 live births). Women age 45 and older experienced three to fourteen live births. Over 68% of the variation in fertility among women in this sample is explained by maternal age, age at first pregnancy, average breastfeeding duration, birth control use, marriage, and low socioeconomic status. The risk of maternal mortality is also high. Community members reported 55 maternal deaths among their female relatives, most due to preventable causes such as severe bleeding, obstructed/prolonged labor, and infection. -
El Dorado Task Force Papers Volume II
American Anthropological Association El Dorado Task Force Papers Volume II Submitted to the Executive Board As a Final Report May 18, 2002 PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN ANTHROPOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION EL DORADO TASK FORCE SUBMITTED AS A FINAL REPORT TO THE EXECUTIVE BOARD OF THE ASSOCIATION MAY 18, 2002 VOLUME I. TABLE OF CONTENTS A NOTE ON THE STRUCTURE OF THE REPORT PART I: BACKGROUND ON THE TASK FORCE AND THE INQUIRY (May 1, 2002) 1.1. STATEMENT OF THE CHARGE TO THE TASK FORCE 1.2. INTERPRETING THE CHARGE 1.3. STATEMENT OF MEMBERSHIP AND PROCEDURES PART II: INTRODUCTORY STATEMENTS (May 1, 2002) 2.1. Informed Consent and the work of James V. Neel 2.2. Some major allegations against Napoleon Chagnon 2.3. Deepening and moving beyond informed consent: Toward collaborative models of anthropological research. APPENDIX TO VOLUME I: 4.4.b Commentary by José Antonio Kelly CURRICULUM VITAE OF THE MEMBERS OF THE TASK FORCE Janet Chernela Fernando Coronil Ray Hames Jane H. Hill Trudy Turner Joe Watkins VOLUME II. TABLE OF CONTENTS A NOTE ON THE STRUCTURE OF THE REPORT PART III. BACKGROUND DOCUMENTS 3.1. THE ROLE OF THE ASSOCIATION (February 8, 2002)* Volume II, Page 2 3.2. BACKGROUND ON THE YANOMAMI (Janet Chernela, (Ray Hames), Jane Hill)(February 8, 2002) 3.3. YANOMAMI UPDATES (Janet Chernela) 3.3 (1) Human Rights Issues Concerning the Yanomami in 2002. (February 8, 2002) 3.3 (2) Translation Yanomami Bulletin #25 (April 3, 2002) PART IV: YANOMAMI STATEMENTS (Collected, transcribed, and translated by Janet Chernela) 4.1. Interview with Davi Kopenawa June 10, 2000 4.2.