Medical Aspects Chernobye Ofth L Accident
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IAEA-TECDOC-516 MEDICAL ASPECTS CHERNOBYE OFTH L ACCIDENT PROCEEDING ALL-UNION A F SO N CONFERENCE ORGANIZED BY THE USSR MINISTRY OF HEALTH AND THE ALL-UNION SCIENTIFIC CENTRE OF RADIATION MEDICINE, USSR ACADEM MEDICAF YO L SCIENCES, AND HEL KIEVDN I , 11-1 198Y 3MA 8 ATECHNICAL DOCUMENT ISSUEE TH Y DB INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY, VIENNA, 1989 PLEASE BE AWARE THAT ALL OF THE MISSING PAGES IN THIS DOCUMENT WERE ORIGINALLY BLANK MEDICAL ASPECTS OF THE CHERNOBYL ACCIDENT IAEA, VIENNA, 1989 IAEA-TECDOC-516 ISSN 1011-4289 Printed by the IAEA in Austria July 1988 IAEe Th A doe t normallsno y maintain stock f reportso thin si s series. However, microfiche copies of these reports can be obtained from IN IS Clearinghouse International Atomic Energy Agency Wagramerstrasse5 0 10 P.Ox Bo . A-1400 Vienna, Austria Orders shoul accompaniee db prepaymeny db f Austriao t n Schillings 100, fore for e chequa th f m th IAEf m o n i o n i r Aeo microfiche service coupons orderee whicb y hdma separatel ClearinghouseS I y N frol e mth . FOREWORD On 26 April 1986, an accident occurred at Unit 4 of Chernobyl nuclear power plant resulting in the destruction of the reactor core. The causes of the accident as well as its consequences and impact mitigation are the focus of attention of Soviet specialists in radiation protection, nuclear engineering, radiation medicin ionizind ean g radiation dosimetry. Informatio presentenwas speciadat l meeting IAEs helthe Adby which have intensifie wordits k on radiation standardization and medical intervention planning for nuclear accidents. The Chernobyl accident and its consequences are a matter of interest for research workers from many countries. National committee radiation so n protectio givine nar g special attentio questione th o nt medif so - l assistancca injuree th o et d durin gradiatioa ndevelopmene accidentth o t d an ,f informatioo t d nan radiation control systems. Throughout the world, considerabled efforts are being made to solve the problem f furtheo s r developmen f nucleao t r engineering. 1988y Ail-Unioe Ma th ,3 1 Froo t 1 mn1 Scientific Centr Radiatiof eo n Medicine convene Conda - ference on Medical Aspects of the Chernobyl Accident in Kiev. This was the first conference on this subject with international participation held in the Soviet Union. There were 310 specialists represent- ing Soviet scientific establishments and over 60 experts from 23 other countries and international organizations (IAEA, WHO, ICRP) participated in the Conference. The Conference was widely publi- mase cizeth sy db media alln I .foreig6 Sovie6 3 ,8 d nan t journalists correspondentsV , T radi d oan , including those representing leading scientific journals, were accredited to the Conference. Participants at the Conference discussed medical aspects of accident mitigation, including ther- apeutic, psychological, demographic, epidemiological and dosimetric problems. Future research on these and some other issues was considered in detail. Participants were given the opportunity to visit the Chernobyl site and the town of Slavutich, and t acquaintege o t d wit wore h th f som ko e specialized medical establishment Kievn si . These Proceedings include 29 reports presented by Soviet scientists during the four sessions as wel summaries a l discussionf so openind san g addresse . E.IMr .y sChazovb , Ministe Publif ro c Health Soviee th f o t . BlixUnionH . , DirectoMr , r Genera Internationae th f o l l Atomic Energy Agencyd an , Mr. V.A. Zgurskij, Chairman of the Executive Committee at the Kiev City Soviet of People's Deputies. EDITORIAL NOTE In preparing this material press,the for staff Internationalofthe Atomic Energy Agency have mounted and paginated the original manuscripts as submitted directly from translators in the Soviet Union. Tfie views expressed papers,the statementsin the general madethe and style adoptedthe are responsibility of the named authors. The views do not necessarily reflect those of the government of the Member State or organizations under whose auspices the manuscripts were produced. thisin The bookuse of particular designations of countries territoriesor does implynot any judgement by the publisher, the IAEA, as to the legal status of such countries or territories, of their authorities institutions delimitationand the of or theirof boundaries. The mention of specific companies or of their products or brand names does not imply any endorsement recommendationor IAEA. partthe the of on Authors themselvesare responsible obtainingfor necessarythe permission reproduceto copyright material from other sources. CONTENTS Opening Speech ................................................................................................. 9 E.I. Chazov Addres e Participantth o t sConference th f o s e ...........................................................3 1 . H. Blix Address to the Participants of the Conference ............................................................ 19 V.A. Zgurskij GENERAL ASPECT HEALTF SO H PROTECTIO EVENE TH F TN O I A NUCLEAR ACCIDENT Medical and sanitary measures taken to deal with the consequences of the Chernobyl accident .......................................................................................... 23 G. V. Sergeev Sanitary and health measures taken to deal with the consequences of the Chernobyl accident .......................................................................................... 39 A. I. Kondrusev The Chernobyl experience in the context of contemporary radiation protection problems ....... 47 LA. II'in Protection of health during a large scale accident ........................................................ 65 A.E. Romanenko RADIATION ENVIRONMENT AND RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION Theory and practice of establishing radiation standards before and after the Chernobyl accident .........................................................................................1 8 . L.A. Buldakov, G.M. Avetisov, M.I. Balonov, Yu.O. Konstantinov Radioactive contamination of water ecosystems and sources of drinking water .................... 91 Likhtarev,LA. R.M. Barkhudarov, O.A. Bobyleva, V.A. Knizhnikov, V.A. Logachev, P.V. Ramzaev, M.N. Savkin, G.V. Sergeev Intake of radionuclides through food chains as a factor in the exposure of the Soviet population after the Chernobyl accident ........................................................ 101 V.A. Knizhnikov, R.M. Barkhudarov, G.Ya. Bruk, A.P. Ermalitskij, A.I. Kondrusev, I.P. Los', N.Ya. Novikova, Eh.V. Petukhova, A.V. Pechkurov, O.G. Pol'skij, I.G. Travnikova, V.N. Shutov, V.P. Filonov Characteristic f radionuclido s e intak inhalatioy eb n .....................................................7 11 . V.T. Khrushch, Yu.I. Gavrilin, Yu.O. Konstantinov, O.A. Kochetkov, U.Ya. Margulis, V.l. Popov, V.S. Repin, V.V. Chumak Sanitary-dosimetric monitoring of food products ......................................................... 133 V.N. Bur'yak, N.Ya. Novikova, Z.A. Khulap, A.I. Tsvirbut Radiation monitoring of various objects as part of the Chernobyl accident management programme ...................................................................................................9 13 . O.A. Kochetkov, D.S. Gol'dshtejn, O.P. Osanov Personnel protection during a reactor accident ............................................................ 145 V. S. Koshcheev, A. S. Korostin, S.P. Rajkhman Protective measures to reduce population exposure doses and effectiveness of these measures ......................................................................................................1 15 . G.M. Avetisov, R.M. Aleksakhin, V.P. Antonov, L.A. Buldakov, K.I. Gordeev, E.V. Ivanov, L.A. IVin, A.I. Kondrusev, A.N. Liberman, G.S. Perminova, V.M. Samojlenko Discussion G. Zubovskij.A ..............................................................................................5 16 . / Waddingion: Brief summar ongoine th f yo g relatioprogrammn i O o nt WH f eo the public health aspects of nuclear accidents and the Chernobyl follow-up ................. 165 G.W. Anderson, E.D. Rubery ............................................................................. 168 DOSE EXTERNAF SO INTERNAD LAN L RADIATION EXPOSURE Methodological principle r calculatinfo s g level f externao s internad an l l exposure th f eo population used in taking strategic decisions ........................................................... 171 R.M. Barkhudarov, K.I. Gordeev, I.K. Dibobes, I.A. Likhtarev, U.Ya. Margulis, O.P. Osanov, O.A. Pavlovskij, B.S. Prister, M.N. Savkin, V.P. Shamov Dynamic f gammo s a radiation level formatiod an s f externano l exposure dose ...................3 18 . V.A. Logachev, I.P. Los', V.I. Parkhomenko, M.N. Savkin, A.V. Titov Monitoring of internal exposure of the population in regions close to the Chernobyl nuclear power plant ......................................................................................... 195 I.A. Gusev, I.A. Likhtarev, E.I. Dolgirev, I.G. Zhakov, B.A. Ledoshchuk, RamzaevV. P. Method r retrospectivfo s e determinatio f absorbeno d e humadoseth n i sn body resulting from external and internal exposure ..................................................................... 203 M.I. Balonov, I.B. Keirim-Markus, U.Ya. Margulis, O.P. Osanov Long term prognosi f individuao s collectivd an l e exposure populatioe doseth o t s n .............7 21 . O.A. Pavlovskij Discussion A. J. Gonzalez ................................................................................................. 229 CLINICAL ASPECTS OF RADIATION