What Really Happened in Virginia and Bermuda? Virginia Bernhard
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Women Investors and the Virginia Company in the Early Seventeenth Century
The University of Manchester Research Women Investors and the Virginia Company in the Early Seventeenth Century DOI: 10.1017/s0018246x19000037 Document Version Accepted author manuscript Link to publication record in Manchester Research Explorer Citation for published version (APA): Ewen, M. (2019). Women Investors and the Virginia Company in the Early Seventeenth Century. The Historical Journal, 62(4), 853-874. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x19000037 Published in: The Historical Journal Citing this paper Please note that where the full-text provided on Manchester Research Explorer is the Author Accepted Manuscript or Proof version this may differ from the final Published version. If citing, it is advised that you check and use the publisher's definitive version. General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the Research Explorer are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Takedown policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please refer to the University of Manchester’s Takedown Procedures [http://man.ac.uk/04Y6Bo] or contact [email protected] providing relevant details, so we can investigate your claim. Download date:07. Oct. 2021 WOMEN INVESTORS AND THE VIRGINIA COMPANY IN THE EARLY SEVENTEENTH CENTURY* MISHA EWEN University of Manchester WOMEN INVESTORS Abstract. This article explores the role of women investors in the Virginia Company during the early seventeenth century, arguing that women determined the success of English overseas expansion not just by ‘adventuring’ their person, but their purse. -
Discord, Order, and the Emergence of Stability in Early Bermuda, 1609-1623
W&M ScholarWorks Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects 1991 "In the Hollow Lotus-Land": Discord, Order, and the Emergence of Stability in Early Bermuda, 1609-1623 Matthew R. Laird College of William & Mary - Arts & Sciences Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Laird, Matthew R., ""In the Hollow Lotus-Land": Discord, Order, and the Emergence of Stability in Early Bermuda, 1609-1623" (1991). Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects. Paper 1539625691. https://dx.doi.org/doi:10.21220/s2-dbem-8k64 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects at W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. •'IN THE HOLLOW LOTOS-LAND": DISCORD, ORDER, AND THE EMERGENCE OF STABILITY IN EARLY BERMUDA, 1609-1623 A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of the Department of History The College of William and Mary in Virginia In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts by Matthew R. Laird 1991 APPROVAL SHEET This thesis is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Matthew R. Laird Approved, July 1991 -Acmy James Axtell Thaddeus W. Tate TABLE OP CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS....................................... iv ABSTRACT...............................................v HARBINGERS....... ,.................................... 2 CHAPTER I. MUTINY AND STARVATION, 1609-1615............. 11 CHAPTER II. ORDER IMPOSED, 1615-1619................... 39 CHAPTER III. THE FOUNDATIONS OF STABILITY, 1619-1623......60 A PATTERN EMERGES.................................... -
Collections of the Virginia Historical Society, in Which Are Also Many Other MSS
Ml: Gc 975.5 V823C V.7 1219029 GENEALOGY COLLECTION ALLEN COUNTY PUBLIC LIBRARY 3 1833 00826 8341 COLLECTIONS Virginia Historical Society. New Series. VOL. VII. WM. ELLIS JONES, PRINTER, RICHMOND, VA. ABSTRACT OF THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE VirginiaCompany of London, I 6 I 9— I 624, PREPARED FROM THE RECORDS IN THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS BY CONWAY ROBINSON, AND EDITED WITH AN INTRODUCTION AND NOTES BY R. A. BROCK, Corresponding Secretary and Librarian of the Society. VOL. I. Richmond, Virginia. PUBLISHED BY THE SOCIETY. MDCCCLXXXVIII. /^^ .H 1219029 INTRODUCTION. The essential value of the Proceedings of the Virginia Com- pany of London, towards a due knowledge of the planting of the first of the American Commonwealths, is patent. Although highly useful excerpts from them have been presented by the zealous and indefatigable investigator, Rev. Edward D. Neill, D. D., in his publications illustrative of the early history of Virginia, it is believed that the abstracts now offered will prove an acceptable aggrandizement of his labors, and inasmuch as they were prepared by a scholar of singular discernment— the late eminent jurist, Conway Robinson, whose professional works are held in prime authority and as of enduring worth— it may be hoped, with confidence, that they are comprehensive as to all desirable details. The Virginia Historical Society is greatly indebted to Mr. Robinson for a signal devotion to its interests, which only ceased with his life. He was one of its founders, on December 29th, his removal to Wash- 1831 ; its first treasurer; from 1835 until ington, D. C, in 1869, a member of its " Standing," or Executive Committee, serving for a greater portion of the period as chair- man, and subsequently and continuously as vice-president of the Society. -
The East India Company: Agent of Empire in the Early Modern Capitalist Era
Social Education 77(2), pp 78–81, 98 ©2013 National Council for the Social Studies The Economics of World History The East India Company: Agent of Empire in the Early Modern Capitalist Era Bruce Brunton The world economy and political map changed dramatically between the seventeenth 2. Second, while the government ini- and nineteenth centuries. Unprecedented trade linked the continents together and tially neither held ownership shares set off a European scramble to discover new resources and markets. European ships nor directed the EIC’s activities, it and merchants reached across the world, and their governments followed after them, still exercised substantial indirect inaugurating the modern eras of imperialism and colonialism. influence over its success. Beyond using military and foreign policies Merchant trading companies, exem- soon thereafter known as the East India to positively alter the global trading plified by the English East India Company (EIC), which gave the mer- environment, the government indi- Company, were the agents of empire chants a monopoly on all trade east of rectly influenced the EIC through at the dawn of early modern capital- the Cape of Good Hope for 15 years. its regularly exercised prerogative ism. The East India Company was a Several aspects of this arrangement to evaluate and renew the charter. monopoly trading company that linked are worth noting: Understanding the tension in this the Eastern and Western worlds.1 While privilege granting-receiving relation- it was one of a number of similar compa- 1. First, the EIC was a joint-stock ship explains much of the history of nies, both of British origin (such as the company, owned and operated by the EIC. -
The Routledge History of American Foodways Early America
This article was downloaded by: 10.3.98.104 On: 27 Sep 2021 Access details: subscription number Publisher: Routledge Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: 5 Howick Place, London SW1P 1WG, UK The Routledge History of American Foodways Michael D. Wise, Jennifer Jensen Wallach Early America Publication details https://www.routledgehandbooks.com/doi/10.4324/9781315871271.ch2 Rachel B. Herrmann Published online on: 10 Mar 2016 How to cite :- Rachel B. Herrmann. 10 Mar 2016, Early America from: The Routledge History of American Foodways Routledge Accessed on: 27 Sep 2021 https://www.routledgehandbooks.com/doi/10.4324/9781315871271.ch2 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR DOCUMENT Full terms and conditions of use: https://www.routledgehandbooks.com/legal-notices/terms This Document PDF may be used for research, teaching and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproductions, re-distribution, re-selling, loan or sub-licensing, systematic supply or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The publisher shall not be liable for an loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with or arising out of the use of this material. 2 EARLY AMERICA Rachel B. Herrmann Emblazoned into the American psyche is Disney’s Captain John Smith scaling Virginia’s mountains while singing enthusiastically about a bountiful new land.1 In Jamestown, new colonists dig for gold. -
PERIOD: ___Jamestown and Tobac
NAME: _______________________________________________________ PERIOD: ____________ Jamestown and Tobacco In 1614, the new colony at Jamestown in what is now Virginia was a death camp of starving colonists with little hope of survival. John Rolfe had learned to smoke tobacco while in London and decided to take a shot at cultivating tobacco in Jamestown. Two years later, in June, 1616, Rolfe and other leaders of the colony arrived in London to discuss the newly successful crop. Despite King James I’s disapproval of the colony’s dependence on a crop he despised, the very survival of his namesake colony could be at stake. Tobacco became such a popular crop that a law had to be passed to force some food cultivation in the suddenly affluent colony. By 1619 Jamestown had exported 10 tons of tobacco to Europe and had left behind its dismal history of starvation, cannibalism and general debotchery. Tobacco can well be credited with making Jamestown the first permanent English colony in the New World. One Sentence Summary Assignment – Read the above paragraph and fill in the following items for the most important information only. Then construct a well-written sentence that summarizes the information in the space provided. DO NOT write a paragraph!! You should only be writing one sentence! Who (or What)? _________________________________________________________________________________ Did/Does What? _________________________________________________________________________________ To Whom? _______________________________________________________________________________________ -
The English Atlantic World: a View from London Alison Games Georgetown University
The English Atlantic World: A View from London Alison Games Georgetown University William Booth occupied an unfortunate status in the land of primogeniture and the entailed estate. A younger son from a Cheshire family, he went up to London in May, 1628, "to get any servis worth haveinge." His letters to his oldest brother John, who had inherited the bulk of their father's estate, and John's responses, drafted on the back of William's original missives, describe the circumstances which enticed men to London in search of work and the misfortunes that subsequently ushered them overseas. William Booth, unable to find suitable employment in the metropolis, implored his brother John to procure a letter of introduction on his behalf from their cousin Morton. Plaintively reminding his brother "how chargeable a place London is to live in," he also requested funds for a suit of clothes in order to make himself more presentable in his quest for palatable employment. William threatened his older brother with military service on the continent if he could find no position in London, preferring to "goe into the lowcuntries or eles wth some man of warre" than to stay in London. John Booth, dismayed by his sibling's martial inclination, offered William money from his own portion of their father's estate rather than permit William to squander his own smaller share. In what proved to be a gross misreading of William's character but perhaps a sound assessment of his desire for the status becoming his ambitions, John urged William to seek a position with a bishop. -
The Dutch & Swedes on the Delaware
THE DUTCH & SWEDES ON THE DELAWARE 1609-64 BY CHRISTOPHER WARD THE DUTCH & SWEDES on the DELAWARE 1609-64 By CHRISTOPHER WARD UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA PRESS PHILADELPHIA MCMNXX COPYRIGHT 1930, BY CHRISTOPHER WARD LONDON HUMPHREY MILFORD : OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA JOHAN PRINTZ, Governor of New Sweden,1643-53 PAINTING BY N. C. WYETH TO THE MEMORY OF MY GRANDFATHERS, CHRISTOPHER L. WARD, ESQ PRESIDENT OF THE BRADFORD COUNTY (PA.) HISTORICAL SOCIETY, AND LEWIS P. BUSH, M.D., PRESIDENT OF THE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF DELAWARE, THIS BOOK IS DEDICATED PREFACE The stories of the early settlements of the English in New England, of the Dutch in New York and of the English in Maryland and Virginia have been told again and again. But, between these more northern and more southern lands, there lies a great territory stretching along both shores of Delaware River and Bay, whose earliest history has been neglected. In the common estimation of the general reader, the beginnings of civilization in this middle region are credited to William Penn and his English Quakers. Yet, for nearly fifty years before Penn came, there had been white men settled along the River's shores. When he came, he found farms, towns, forts, churches, schools, courts of law already in being in his newly acquired possessions. Small credit has been given to those who laid these foundations, the Swedes and the Dutch, whom the English superseded. The names of Winthrop, Stuyvesant, Calvert and Berkeley are familiar to many. Who knows the name of Johan Printz, the Swedish governor, who for ten years pioneered in this wilderness? Yet, in picturesqueness of personality, in force of character, in administrative ability and in actual accomplishment, within the limits of the resources granted him, Printz is the fit companion of these other so widely acclaimed men. -
Company Directors' Social Networks, 1657-1698
Aske Laursen Brock, University of Kent Do not cite or circulate Company directors’ social networks, 1657-1698 Over the course of the seventeenth century, a number of overseas trading companies were chartered, challenged, dissolved and expanded across the globe, all while England experienced civil wars, a republic, restoration and political, financial and scientific revolutions. The directors of these companies were integral to these events and in shaping the English political economy. They were important intermediaries between different institutions, different places and different ideas, and whereas the directors were concerned with commerce and with regulation of members at the beginning of the century, at century’s end they managed land, capital flows and large global societies. This paper will examine continuities in the commercial community 1657-1698 based on a database consisting of information on 1257 trading company directors who shared thousands of connections. The examined individuals are those elected to hold office in seven trading companies as well as the Bank of England. Governors, deputies, treasurers and directors from the East India, New East India, Levant, Royal African, Virginia, Hudson’s Bay, Muscovy companies and the Bank of England. These companies differed from other trading companies of the time through their durability, the distances they covered in their trade and in innovating new ways of commercial governance.1 The individuals who governed the companies hybridised knowledge from existing corporate governance -
"Starving Time" in Jamestown
JAMESTOWN: 1609-10: “STARVING TIME” Mariners’ Museum GEORGE PERCY____A TRUE RELATION of the Proceedings and Occurances of Moment which have happened in Virginia from the Time Sir Thomas Gates shipwrecked upon the Bermudes anno 1609 until my departure out of the Country which was in anno Domini 1612 *London: 1624 Excerpts George Percy was one of the wealthy “gentlemen” among the 144 men who settled Jamestown in 1607. He served as president of the colony during the “starving time” of 1609-1610 when more than 400 colonists died, leaving only sixty survivors. He wrote A True Relation in 1624, partly to justify his leadership during this period. _______________________________ George Percy f we truly consider the diversity of miseries, mutinies, and famishments which have attended upon discoveries and plantations in these our modern times, we shall not find our plantation in Virginia to Ihave suffered alone. Laudonnière had his share thereof in Florida, next neighbor unto Virginia, where his soldiers did fall into mutinies and in the end were almost all starved for want of food.1 The Spaniards’ plantation in the River of Plate and the Straits of Magellan suffered also in so much that having eaten up all their horses to sustain themselves withall, mutinies did arise and grow among them for the which the general Diego Mendoza caused some of them to be executed, extremity of hunger in forcing others secretly in the night to cut down their dead fellows from of the gallows and bury them in their hungry bowels.2 The plantation in Cartagena was also lamentable, that want of wholesome food wherewith for to maintain life were enforced to eat toads, snakes, and such like venomous worms, such is the sharpness of hunger.3 To this purpose many other examples might be recited but the relation itself being brief I have no intent to be tedious but to deliver the truth briefly and plainly . -
A Tale of Two Colonies: What Really Happened in Virginia and Bermuda? Virginia Bernhard
Book Reviews 483 A Tale of Two Colonies: What Really Happened in Virginia and Bermuda? Virginia Bernhard. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 2011. ix + 220 pp. (Cloth US$ 29.95) 2009 marked the 400th anniversary of the shipwreck that initiated English habitation of Bermuda, a twenty-one-square-mile Atlantic archipelago several hundred miles from the nearest landmass. The years surrounding this commemoration have seen the publication of three books aimed at a general audience (Doherty 2008, Glover & Smith 2008, Woodward 2009), and now a fourth. Like these others, A Tale of Two Colonies recounts the terrible storm that drove the Sea Venture off-course from its intended des- tination of Virginia to shipwreck on the tiny island’s reefs; the infighting among the shipwrecked; the bounteous land- and seascapes that enabled the castaways to build other vessels and stockpile supplies; the eventual completion of their voyage to the mainland; and their invaluable assistance to the struggling Jamestown settlement in a richly detailed narrative that will delight fans of English and colonial American history alike. The first five chapters alternate between Bermuda and Virginia and their diverging paths—Bermuda’s to profitability, and Virginia’s a near-constant teetering on the edge of ruin, while each of the final two chapters consider both colonies as “The Confluence of Three Cultures” (English, Indian, and African). The bulk of the book overlaps with The Shipwreck that Saved Jamestown (Glover & Smith 2008), including three similar chapter titles, but A Tale of Two Colonies extends the intertwined story of Virginia and Bermuda into the 1620s, through the early development of Bermuda under its own proprietary company of investors. -
Living with the Indians Introduction
LIVING WITH THE INDIANS Introduction Archaeologists believe the American Indians were the first people to arrive in North America, perhaps having migrated from Asia more than 16,000 years ago. During this Paleo time period, these Indians rapidly spread throughout America and were the first people to live in Virginia. During the Woodland period, which began around 1200 B.C., Indian culture reached its high- est level of complexity. By the late 16th century, Indian people in Coastal Plain Virginia, united under the leadership of Wahunsonacock, had organized themselves into approximately 32 tribes. Wahunsonacock was the paramount or supreme chief, having held the title “Powhatan.” Not a personal name, the Powhatan title was used by English settlers to identify both the leader of the tribes and the people of the paramount chiefdom he ruled. Although the Powhatan people lived in separate towns and tribes, each led by its own chief, their language, social structure, religious beliefs and cultural traditions were shared. By the time the first English settlers set foot in “Tsena- commacah, or “densely inhabited land,” the Powhatan Indians had developed a complex culture with a centralized political system. Living With the Indians is a story of the Powhatan people who lived in early 17th-century Virginia— their social, political, economic structures and everyday life ways. It is the story of individuals, cultural interactions, events and consequences that frequently challenged the survival of the Pow- hatan people. It is the story of how a unique culture, through strong kinship networks and tradition, has endured and maintained tribal identities in Virginia right up to the present day.