“Best practices report of industrial symbiosis in public planning and permits”
Region: Pomeranian Voivodship Municipality: Gdańsk Authors:
Andreas Hänel, Ph.D. Eng.
Aleksandra Korkosz, Ph.D. Eng.
Jan Hupka, PhD D.Sc. Eng.
WP3 Identification and analysis – public planning Authors: Andreas Hänel, Alexandra Korkosz, Jan Hupka Page 1
Urban industrial symbiosis in public planning and building permits in Poland / Pomeranian Voivodship
1. Description about the legal framework of public planning and building permits
The Polish administrative system operates on three self-governed piers. The municipality (gmina) is the principal unit (lowest level) of territorial division in Poland. The next one is the county (powiat). The major territorial and administrative unit is called the voivodship (województwo). The municipalities are obliged to plan and organize energy supply and they are required to develop their own development strategies including strategies for renewable energy and waste management. The plans and strategies prepared by municipalities must be consistent with the national energy policy where its consistency is controlled on the voivodship level. In order to realise any kind of building investment, the application and attachments are submitted to the office of the body (chancellery), who has the right competences for the planned investment, which in the case of Gdańsk is the local office of Gdańsk (Urząd Miasta Gdańsk ). The required documents and responsible units are summarized in Table 1.
Table 1: Documents required for construction permission
No. Documents Office
1. Decision on building and land development Municipal office / Urząd gminy
2. Environmental decision about environmental conditions of consent to implement the project
3. Decision authorizing the location of a public road exit
4. Decision to cut trees and bushes, water-law permits, water conservation zones, geological decision, decision about emission of pollutants into the atmosphere
5. Decision approving the geological and hydrogeological project or documentation and the geological engineering
6. Land development project
7. Permission to connect the facility to the power or gas Regional Power or Gas grid, technical conditions of connection and agreement Distributor on design solutions
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No. Documents Office
8. Water-law permits District office / Starostwo powiatowe 9. Arrangements for land requisition, planning, land use the course of roads and technical infrastructure
10. Arrangements concerning generated waste, emission of pollutants into the atmosphere, watershed protection zones and geology
11. Geotechnical survey and expertise Qualified appraisers
12. Arrangements concerning health and safety aspects
13. Arrangements concerning fire protection requirements
14. Arrangements to protect archaeological zones, objects Voivodeship Office for the registered in the register Protection of Heritage Buildings of heritage buildings or objects and sites located in / Wojewódzki Oddział Służby designated conservation protection zones Ochrony Zabytków
15. Agreements on hygienic requirements and Sanitary District Inspector / epidemiological protection Powiatowy Inspektor Sanitarny
16. Reconciliation agreements for exits from roads, squares Local road manager / and rails, as well as agreements on technical Lokalny zarządca dróg infrastructure connections and organization of traffic at construction time
17. Permission and technical conditions/solutions to Unit managing the network connect the facility to the water-supply network infrastructure / Jednostka zarządzająca 18. Permission to connect the facility to the district heating infrastrukturą sieciową network, Release of technical conditions of connection and agreement on design solutions
19. Permission to connect to the gas grid, Technical terms of connection and agreement on solutions
20. Permission to locate artificial islands, constructions and Maritime office / Urząd Morski equipment in Polish maritime areas
21. Permission to locate cables or pipelines in the areas of internal sea waters and territorial sea
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No. Documents Office
22. Sketches Applicant
23. Drawings
24. Technical description of the installation
25. A statement about your right to use the property for construction purposes
26. The power of attorney
27. Payment proof of stamp duty
2. Description of the Municipality Gdańsk
Pomeranian Voivodeship - often referred as Pomeranian Region – covers the region situated in the northern part of the country on the Baltic Sea coast. It borders on the Scandinavian countries across the sea-border in the north, and the Kaliningrad Exclave of the Russian Federation in the east. The Pomeranian Voivodship is divided into 20 counties (4 cities and 16 rural counties). These are further divided into 123 municipalities. There are 42 cities and 2993 villages in the region. The capital of the Voivodship is Gdańsk. Gdańsk forms with the cities Gdynia, Sopot the metropolitan area Tricity, which is a very important transport junction and the largest academic and scientific centre of the Northern Poland, as well as the main cultural centre. Gdańsk , the first time written mentioned in 997, has had a varied and moving history due to its strategic location at the crossroads of commercial and communication routes at the Baltic sea. Currently, 428’799 persons are registered for permanent residence and 9292 persons are registered for temporary stay in Gdańsk, which makes in total 438’091 inhabitants [1]. The Central Statistical Office quotes 461’798 inhabitants (30. June 2015) [2]. The number of inhabitants is increasing since 2009 due to natural growth and migration (Figure 1). 97.4% of inhabitants were born in Poland, whereas 2.6% were born abroad. Gdańsk has an area of 263.44 km 2 which gives a settlement density of 1663/km 2 to 1753/km 2 [1]. 60.1% of inhabitants are in the working age, whereas 16.7% and 23.3% are in the pre- and post- working age, respectively. In 2016, the unemployment rate was 3,6%, which is nearly two times lower in comparison to Poland (8.3%) and the Pomeranian Voivodship (7.3%). In 2016, 1626 enterprises were registered per 10 thousand inhabitants. In total, 75’402 enterprises were registered, of which 95,9% belong to the private sector [1]. The economy of the city is dominated by tourism, shipbuilding, petrochemical & chemical industries. The
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sector of electronics, telecommunications and IT are on the rise. 79% of enterprises in the private sector are supplying services to consumers and businesses [3]. Nearly 21% belong to the secondary sector and only 0.3% of enterprises are involved in forestry, fishing or agriculture. The majority, 95.8%, are micro enterprises and the remaining percentages 3.4%, 0.7%, and 0.2% are distributed between small, medium and large enterprises, respectively. 74 enterprises are employing between 250 to 999 labours and 17 enterprises are employing more than 1000 labourers. In 2103, goods of 23 billion PLN were exported and goods of 37.2 billion PLN were imported to Gdańsk [3].
Figure 1: Population development of Gdańsk City from 2000 to 2016 [1]
Assuring the prosperity of the city, the municipality of Gdańsk has enunciated the Gdańsk 2030 Plus development strategy [4]. The priorities are implemented in Idea Clouds, which are: Inhabitants, Learning, Cooperation, Mobility and Openness (Figure 2). The vision of Gdańsk is expressed as following: “ Gdańsk is a city gathering and attracting what is most valuable – people who are proud of their heritage, community spirited, open-minded, creative, developing and jointly shaping their future.” The areas of strategic development are: education and social capital, economy and transport, public space, culture and health. The implementation of the vision shall result in the improvement of life quality and an increase of inhabitants.
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Figure 2: The strategic priorities in idea clouds of Gdańsk 2030 Plus [4]
3. Description of the industrial symbiosis and the site
Gdańsk is situated at the Motława River and 5 km above the Vistula estuary and possess the principal seaport of Poland, which is one of the largest seaports on the Baltic Sea. The metropolitan area Tricity is connected by the expressway S6 with Szczecin and by the motorway A1 with central Poland (see Figure 3). In the northwest of the city lies the international Gdańsk Lech Wałęsa Airport, which served 4 million passengers in 2016. Within the metropolitan area functions the Fast Urban Railway (SKM) which connects the area with Słupsk (110 km west of Gdynia) and Tczew (31 km south of Gdańsk). The railway system was modernized during the last years and allows speeds up to 200 km/h. The port is directly connected to the railway system. Especially the heavy industry (like shipyards, refinery or fertilizer company) is located at the Martwa Wisła (dead branch of Vistula river), which flows through the northeast of Gdańsk (Figure 3 and 4). The south and the west of the city are characterized by residential areas, whereas remaining parts of Gdańsk are mixed areas. The energetic infrastructure is shown in Figure 5. The whole metropolitan area is covered by district heating, where the Gdańsk Heating Company GPEC provides its service to around 57% of buildings in Gdańsk [5]. The primary energy consumption is mainly based on fossil fuels. The Polish generation of electricity is mainly based on hard coal (48%) and lignite
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(34%) [6]. The largest Polish energy companies and their share in usage of renewable energy sources is as following: Tauron (7.34%), PGE (0%), Energa (41%), Enea (7.68%), whereas Energa has its headquarter in Gdańsk. Due to the low price of EU ETS carbon credits, the development of renewable energy sources is jeopardised. The Pomeranian region receives natural gas from the high-methane natural gas trunk line Gustorzyn–Gdańsk coming from central Poland. Russia is the largest supplier of natural gas and satisfies around 60% of the Polish demand. The remaining demand is satisfied by Polish gas fields. The company Operator Gazociągów Przesyłowych GAZ-SYSTEM S.A. is responsible for the gas transmission in Poland . In order to increase the energy security, the following investments are implemented: 1) LNG Terminal in Świnoujście, 2) underground gas storage in Kosakowo close to Tricity, 3) Floating Storage Regasification Unit in Gdańsk Bay [7].
rail arterial street expressway
tunnel street airport
Figure 3: Infrastructure and main companies of Gdańsk [8]: 1) Zakład Utylizacyjny Sp. z o.o. w Gdańsku , 2) Naftoport Sp. z o.o., 3) Siarkopol Gdańsk S.A., 4) Gaspol S.A., 5) DCT Gdańsk S.A, 6) Grupa LOTOS S.A., 7) Gdańska Stocznia Remontowa, 8) Stocznia Gdańsk S.A., 9) MOSTOSTAL POMORZE S.A., 10) Fosfory Sp. z o.o.
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Individuals in co - State Treasury, if not in Voivodships, if th ey exist in ownership with legal coincidence with perpetual coincidence with perpetual users entities usufruct
Churches and religious State Treasury, if it exists in Property of natural persons associations coincidence with perpetual usufruct
Districts and unions of Single State Treasury Single -member companies of local counties, if they do not companies, state-owned self-government units and other coincide with perpetual enterprises and other state- legal entities, whose founding users owned legal entities bodies are self-governing bodies
Commercial law Communes and inter -municipal Voivodships, if they do not companies and other unions, if they do not coincide coincide with perpetual users registration bodies with perpetual usufruct
Building Societies Municipalities and inter - municipal associations, if they exist in coincidence with perpetual users Figure 4: Land ownership map of Gdańsk [8]
WP3 Identification and analysis – public planning Authors: Andreas Hänel, Alexandra Korkosz, Jan Hupka Page 8
Power plant >100 MW h Power grid (220, 440 kV or High pressure gas system higher)
Power plant 1 - 100 MW h Planned power grid (220, 440 Pl anned high pressure gas kV or higher) system
Heat plant > 10 MW h Liquidation Planned if shale gas is explored
Hydropower plant 110 kV power grid Gas reduction and
measurement station
Photovoltaic plant Planned 110 kV power grid Regasification
Wind power plant Transformer station Gas nodes
Biogas Planned transformer station Pipeline for liquid fuel
District heating grid Fuel base Oil pipeline from Baltic Sea
Coal power plant Naftoport Planned pipeline for liquid fuel
Salt structures to storage, Refinery Underground gas storage gas, oil or compressed air Kosakowo
Figure 5: Energetic infrastructure of the metropolitan area Tricity based on [9] and [10]
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4. Implementation of the industrial symbiosis
To this day, aspects of industrial symbiosis have played a minor role in public planning. Till end of the year 2017, the Marshall office is planning to commission a survey on the energy and material streams between companies. Nevertheless, in reality industrial symbiosis is practiced between enterprises, e.g.: • Joint venture of Grupa LOTOS S.A. and Gdańskie Zakłady Nawozów Fosforowych "Fosfory" Sp. z o.o. for production of ammonium thiosulfate from by-products, • Joint venture of Zakład Utylizacyjny Sp. z o.o. w Gdańsku and Gdansk Heating Company GPEC Sp. o.o. using heat from waste incineration plant for district heating.
5. Existing tools and support
The following tools, platforms and institutes are available to find and contact enterprises or to plan investments. Institutes for regional and economic development: ● Department of Economic Development, Marshall office - http://drg.pomorskie.eu/home ● Regional Chamber of Commerce of Pomerania - http://rigp.pl/ ● Association "Free Enterprise" - http://www.swp.gda.pl/ ● Polish Information and Foreign Investment Agency - http://www.investinpomerania.pl
Information systems: ● Geographical information system - http://www.gis.Gdańsk.pl/ ● Geographical information system - http://pomorskie.e-mapa.net/ ● Statistical office in Gdańsk - http://Gdańsk.stat.gov.pl/
Platforms to find companies: ● Search engine for enterprises in Poland - https://panoramafirm.pl/ ● Search engine for enterprises in Poland - http://www.baza-firm.com.pl/ ● Search engine for enterprises in Poland - http://www.orf.pl/ ● Search engine for enterprises in Poland - http://www.katalogprzedsiebiorstw.pl/ ● Search engine for enterprises in Poland - http://www.firmy.net/ ● Search engine for enterprises in Poland - https://www.info-net.com.pl/ ● Search engine for enterprises in Poland - http://www.biznesfinder.pl/ ● Search engine for enterprises in Three-City (Gdańsk, Gdynia, Sopot + Suburbans)- http://katalog.trojmiasto.pl/ ● Search engine for enterprises in Gdańsk - http://pomorskie.naszemiasto.pl/firmy/
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6. References
[1] Gdańsk municipality, “www.gdansk.pl,” 8 June 2017. [Online]. Available: http://www.gdansk.pl/biznes/Gdansk-w-liczbach,a,33608. [2] Główny Urząd Statystyczny, 8 June 2017. [Online]. Available: http://stat.gov.pl/. [3] Gdańsk municipality, Diagnozy do programów operacyjnych - Gdańska 2030 Plus Strategia Rozwoju Miasta, Gdańsk: Urząd Miejski w Gdańsku, 2015. [4] M. Czepczyński, I. Bierut, K. Drozd-Wiśniewska, A. Czekanowicz-Drążewska, P. Kowalczuk, Ż. Kucharska, M. Łabuda, T. Nadolny, E. Salach, M. Skiba, J. Stępień, J. Zabłotny and A. Zbierska, Gdańsk 2030 Plus Development Strategy, Gdańsk: Gdańsk City Hall , 2014. [5] GPEC, May 2017. [Online]. Available: http://www.gpec.pl/. [6] Polskie Sieci Elektroenergetyczne S.A., 14 June 2017. [Online]. Available: http://www.pse.pl/index.php?modul=8&y=2017&m=5&id_rap=213. [7] Gaz-system, “Develp,opment plan for satisfying the current and future transmission demand for natural gas for 2014 – 2023,” Gaz-system, 2014. [8] Urząd Miejski w Gdańsku, “Interaktywny Plan Gdańska,” May 2017. [Online]. Available: http://gis.gdansk.pl/. [9] System Informacji Przestrzennej Województwa Pomorskiego, 9 June 2017. [Online]. Available: pomorskie.e-mapa.net/. [10] Pomorskie Biuro Planowania Regionalnego, Plan zagospodarowania przestrzennego Obszaru Metropolitalnego Gdańsk-Gdynia-Sopot 2030 - ZAŁĄCZNIK nr 2. 10. Kierunki – Bezpieczeństwo energetyczne i źródła odnawialne, Gdańsk: Pomorskie Biuro Planowania Regionalnego, 2016.
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