A Note About Online Sources Many Sources Cited in the End Notes and Listed in the Bibliography Were Found on Line, on News and Other Web Sites
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NOTES A Note About Online Sources Many sources cited in the end notes and listed in the bibliography were found on line, on news and other Web sites. Although some of the Web addresses remain valid, since the research for this book was done, some of the specific URLs have changed. Some of the material may now be available only for a fee from archives, and some of it may have been pulled off the Web site altogether. Different site proprietors follow different pro- cedures. Nevertheless, the citations should prove helpful for finding the source material if the reader is willing to engage in a bit of electronic detective work. Chapter One 1. Howard Kurtz, “For Media After Iraq, A Case of Shell Shock,” Washington Post, April 28, 2003, A1. 2. “Foreign News Fluctuations,” American Journalism Review, vol. 25, no. 7, Octo- ber/November 2003, 37. 3. Lucinda Fleeson, “Bureau of Missing Bureaus,” American Journalism Review, vol. 25, no. 7, October/November 2003, 34. 4. Dwight L. Morris & Associates, “America and the World: The Impact of Septem- ber 11 on U.S. Coverage of International News,” survey conducted for the Pew International Journalism Program, June 2002, 3. 5. “America and the World,” 9. 6. “America and the World,” 12. 7. “America and the World,” 3. 8. “America and the World,” 17. 9. “America and the World,” 13, 14. 10. Project for Excellence in Journalism, “The War on Terrorism: The Not So New Television News Landscape,” May 23, 2002, www.journalism.org/resources/re- ports/landscape, 2. 11. “America and the World,” 22. 12. Peter Singer, One World (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2002), 8. 13. Kenichi Ohmae, “The Rise of the Region State,” in Globalization and the Challenges of a New Century, edited by Patrick O’Meara, Howard D. Mehlinger, and Matthew Krain (Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2000), 93, 95. 14. Samuel P. Huntington, The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1996), 21. 15. Huntington, The Clash of Civilizations, 34. 16. Charles A. Kupchan, The End of the American Order (New York: Knopf, 2002), 68. 160 / BEYOND THE FRONT LINES 17. Bernard Lewis, “‘I’m Right, You’re Wrong, Go to Hell,’” Atlantic Monthly, May 2003, 36. 18. Benedict Anderson, Imagined Communities (London: Verso, 1991), 184. 19. Robert D. Kaplan, The Coming Anarchy (New York: Random House, 2000), 38–9. 20. Kaplan, The Coming Anarchy, 40. 21. Kaplan, The Coming Anarchy, 44. 22. Robert D. Kaplan, The Ends of the Earth (New York: Vintage, 1997), 337. 23. John L. Esposito, Unholy War: Terror in the Name of Islam (New York: Oxford, 2002), 75, 79. 24. Esposito, Unholy War, 39. 25. Gary R. Bunt, Islam in the Digital Age (London: Pluto Press, 2003), 211. 26. Margaret MacMillan, Paris 1919 (New York: Random House, 2002), 132. 27. Niall Ferguson, Empire (New York: Basic Books, 2003), 223. 28. Philip Bobbitt, The Shield of Achilles: War, Peace, and the Course of History (New York: Knopf, 2002), xvi. 29. Jon Lee Anderson, The Lion’s Grave: Dispatches from Afghanistan (New York: Grove, 2002), 68–9. 30. Av Westin, Newswatch (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1982), 22. 31. Richard Reeves, President Kennedy: Profile of Power (New York: Simon and Schus- ter, 1993), 209. 32. Reeves, President Kennedy, 212. 33. Philip Seib, The Global Journalist: News and Conscience in a World of Conflict (Lan- ham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 2002), 27–9. 34. Susan D. Moeller, Compassion Fatigue (New York: Routledge, 1999), 153. 35. James A. Baker III, The Politics of Diplomacy (New York: Putnam’s, 1995), 520. 36. Mohammed el-Nawawy and Adel Iskandar, Al-Jazeera (Boulder, CO: Westview, 2002), 34. 37. Daniel J. Wakin, “Online in Cairo, With News, Views, and ‘Fatwa Corner,’” New York Times, October 29, 2002, 3. 38. Todd S. Purdum, “Russian and Chinese Subscribers Rely on Digest of U.S. News,” New York Times, February 2, 2003, A4. Chapter Two 1. Mary Kaldor, New and Old Wars: Organized Violence in a Global Era (Cambridge, UK: Polity Press, 1999), 8. 2. Stephen Budiansky, “The Weakness of Air Power,” Washington Post National Weekly Edition, December 24, 2001, 26. 3. Eric Schmitt, “Improved U.S. Accuracy Claimed in Afghan Air War,” New York Times, April 9, 2002, A14. 4. John Keegan, War and Our World (New York: Vintage, 2001), 58. 5. Kaldor, New and Old Wars, 110. 6. Robert D. Kaplan, “A Tale of Two Colonies,” Atlantic Monthly, April 2003, 46. 7. John Lewis Gaddis, “Setting Right a Dangerous World,” Chronicle of Higher Edu- cation, January 11, 2002, B10. 8. Steven Simon, “The New Terrorism,” Brookings Review, Winter 2003, 18. 9. Bruce Hoffman, Inside Terrorism (New York: Columbia University Press, 1998), 209. 10. Simon, “The New Terrorism,” 23. NOTES / 161 11. Michael Ignatieff, “The Burden,” New York Times Magazine, January 5, 2003, 26. 12. “Walter Rockler,” Economist, March 23, 2002, 82. 13. Michael Glennon, Limits of Law, Prerogatives of Power: Interventionism After Kosovo (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2001), 209. 14. Robert G. Kaiser and Keith B. Richburg, “NATO Looking Ahead to a Mission Makeover,” Washington Post, November 5, 2002, A1. 15. Ignatieff, “The Burden,” 25. 16. Robert Kagan, Of Paradise and Power (New York: Knopf, 2003), 97. 17. Charles Kupchan, The End of the American Era (New York: Knopf, 2002), 117. 18. Michael Ignatieff, “Why Are We in Iraq? (And Liberia? And Afghanistan?)” New York Times Magazine, September 7, 2003, 72. 19. George W. Bush, “New Threats Require New Thinking,” in Micah L. Sifry and Christopher Cerf, The Iraq War Reader (New York: Touchstone, 2003), 269. 20. “The National Security Strategy of the United States of America,” http://www.whitehouse.gov/nsc/print/nssall, accessed September 30, 2002, 1. 21. John Lewis Gaddis, “A Grand Strategy of Transformation,” Foreign Policy, No- vember/December 2002, 56. 22. Nicholas Lemann, “The Next World Order,” New Yorker, April 1, 2002, 45–46. 23. Ignatieff, “The Burden,” 28. 24. Kenneth M. Pollack, The Threatening Storm: The Case for Invading Iraq. (New York: Random House, 2002), 411–424. 25. Joseph S. Nye, “Before War,” Washington Post, March 14, 2003, A27. 26. Richard Falk, “The New Bush Doctrine,” in Sifry and Cerf, The Iraq War Reader, 273, 277. 27. “ABC News Poll: War and the Media,” ABCNews.com, January 17, 2003. 28. Felicity Barringer, “‘Reality TV’ About G.I.s on War Duty,” New York Times, Feb- ruary 21, 2002, C1. 29. Chris Hedges, War Is a Force That Gives Us Meaning (New York: PublicAffairs, 2002), 143. 30. Brian Lambert, “TV Coverage of War on Terrorism Heavy on Opinion, Short on Facts,” Houston Chronicle, February 5, 2002, 6. 31. Mark Jurkowitz, “Fighting Terror/The Home Front: The Media,” Boston Globe, January 28, 2002, A9. 32. Susan Sontag, “First Reactions,” The New Yorker, September 24, 2001, 42. 33. Bethami A. Dobkin, Tales of Terror: Television News and the Construction of the Ter- rorist Threat (Westport, CT: Praeger, 1992), 52, 111. 34. Brigitte Nacos, Mass-mediated Terrorism (Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 2002), 16. 35. Tim Cuprisin, “Bias Seen No Matter What Term Media Use,” Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, October 30, 2002, 12B. 36. Vasily Bubnov, “Are Chechens ‘Rebels’ or ‘Terrorists’?” Pravda, October 29 2002, http://english.pravda.ru/main/2002/10/29/38856 (accessed 10/30/02). 37. Dobkin, Tales of Terror, 108. 38. Alina Tugend, “Explaining the Rage,” American Journalism Review, vol. 23, no. 10, December 2001, 26. 39. Guy Keleny, “Mea Culpa: One Person’s Terrorist Is Another’s Freedom Fighter,” The Independent, April 20, 2002, 17. 40. Philip Seib, ed., New Wars, New Media: Covering Armed Conflict Since the Gulf War (Milwaukee: Marquette University, 2001), 16. 162 / BEYOND THE FRONT LINES 41. Walter Laqueur, No End to War (New York: Continuum, 2003), 236. 42. Michael Getler, “The Language of Terrorism,” Washington Post, September 21, 2003, B6. 43. Eric Lawee, “Palestinian Terrorists? Not on CBC,” National Post, July 19, 2002, A 16. 44. Nacos, Mass-mediated Terrorism, 152. 45. Jason Burke, Al-Qaeda (London: I. B. Tauris, 2003), 18. 46. Michael Getler, “Here’s Some News, But Be Careful,” Washington Post, December 22, 2002, B6. 47. George Kennedy, “The British See Things Differently,” Columbia Journalism Re- view, March/April 2002, 49. 48. David Greenberg, “We Don’t Even Agree on What’s Newsworthy,” Washington Post, March 16, 2003, B1. 49. Virginia Woolf, Three Guineas (New York: Harcourt, 1938), 6, 11. 50. Susan Sontag, Regarding the Pain of Others (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2003), 12–13. 51. Sontag, Regarding the Pain of Others, 14. 52. Philip Kennicott, “The Illustrated Horror of Conflict,” Washington Post, March 25, 2003, C1. 53. Kennicott, “The Illustrated Horror,” C1. 54. Chris Hedges, “The Press and the Myths of War,” The Nation, April 21, 2003. 55. W. G. Sebald, On the Natural History of Destruction (New York: Random House, 2003), ix. Chapter Three 1. Peter Braestrup, Big Story (Novato, CA: Presidio, 1994), x. 2. Colin Powell, My American Journey (New York: Random House, 1995), 123. 3. Lyndon Baines Johnson, The Vantage Point (New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Win- ston, 1971), 384. 4. Clark Clifford, Counsel to the President (New York: Random House, 1991), 474. 5. Julie Salamon, “New Tools Make War Images Instant but Coverage No Simpler,” New York Times, April 6, 2003, B13. 6. Tom Goldstein, The News at Any Cost (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1985), 32. 7. Robert Harris, Gotcha!: The Media, The Government and the Falklands Crisis (Lon- don: Faber and Faber, 1983), 62. 8. Glasgow University Media Group, War and Peace News (Milton Keynes, UK: Open University Press, 1985), 9. 9.