Pussy Riot in Translation
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
3XVV\5LRWLQ7UDQVODWLRQ Sophie Pinkham Dissent, Volume 61, Number 3, Summer 2014, pp. 85-90 (Article) 3XEOLVKHGE\8QLYHUVLW\RI3HQQV\OYDQLD3UHVV DOI: 10.1353/dss.2014.0052 For additional information about this article http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/dss/summary/v061/61.3.pinkham.html Access provided by New York University (6 Feb 2016 18:19 GMT) BOOKS Pussy Riot in Translation SOPHIE PINKHAM hatred.” Amnesty International designated the women “prisoners of conscience,” and many Words Will Break Cement: Western political leaders, Barack Obama The Passion of Pussy Riot included, expressed their criticism of the by Masha Gessen verdict. Various international celebrities, Riverhead Books, 2014, 308 pp. mostly musicians, voiced their support; they perceived Pussy Riot as a musical group, though it would have been more accurate to On February 21, 2012, five young women call them conceptual artists. In fact, many of in brightly colored tights and dresses entered Pussy Riot’s supporters had only the vaguest the Cathedral of Christ the Savior in central idea of what Pussy Riot stood for. One still- Moscow. There was no service in progress, anonymous Pussy Riot member commented, and there were only a few people in the “We’re flattered, of course, that Madonna and cathedral. The women pulled on neon bala- Björk have offered to perform with us. But clavas, stepped onto the stage-like area at the the only performances we’ll participate in are foot of the altar, and, jumping, punching, and illegal ones. We refuse to perform as part of kicking, shouted out a song that began: the capitalist system, at concerts where they Virgin Mary, Mother of God, chase Putin out. sell tickets.” Security guards carried one of the women, The international media showed the punk Yekaterina Samutsevich, out of the cathedral prayer music video occasionally and reprinted before she could even start performing. The some of the lyrics, though rarely all of them. other four women were hustled out about a Mostly it told a story of bravery in the face of minute into their performance, before they tyranny and showed photos of the women on could get all the footage they wanted. That trial: beautiful, behind bars, smiling beatifi- day, they felt that the action had failed. But cally. Their art wasn’t the important thing; they spliced the footage together with some what mattered was their sacrifice, and their clips they had filmed in previous days, in image. Pussy Riot’s martyr narrative gained other cathedrals with less security. They added steam when Tolokonnikova and Alyokhina a prerecorded audio track and then posted the began reporting on the terrible conditions video online. to which they were subjected in prison. Tolokonnikova declared a hunger strike for which she was eventually hospitalized. This “punk prayer” turned out to be Pussy For the West, the Pussy Riot trial was Riot’s greatest success by far, leading to an appealing in part because it seemed to be international scandal that reverberates even a familiar story with a modern twist. Once today. After a period of hiding, three Pussy again, authoritarian Russia was oppressing Riot members—Samutsevich, Nadezhda dissident artists—but this time, instead of Tolokonnikova, and Maria Alyokhina—were being grumpy old men like Solzhenitsyn, arrested and held without bail. The ensuing retyping dogeared manuscripts in dingy show trial became an emblem of Russia’s communal apartments, the artists in question new repressiveness, and it made Pussy were young, attractive, charismatic women Riot famous. Alyokhina, Samutsevich, and who invoked riot grrrl and Slavoj Žižek. Tolokonnikova received two-year sentences Tolokonnikova particularly captured the for “hooliganism motivated by religious public imagination. Photographs of her in the SUMMER 2014 DISSENT 85 BOOKS courtroom cage, smiling defiantly in her blue did their message come through in the way “¡No Pasaran!” T-shirt, were everywhere. And they had intended? Could these performances, she didn’t just look great; she spoke compel- designed to respond to the particular nature lingly, movingly, drawing on a wide range of of power in Russia, to “seize public space references and demonstrating a deep sense of in Moscow,” as one anonymous Pussy Riot moral conviction. member put it, be intelligible to Western audi- Clearly, the Pussy Riot affair—the ences? In response to criticisms that his work sensation, the controversy, the appalling trial, was out of date, a throwback to Viennese and the outrageous sentence—was about Actionism (which also rejected the commodi- much more than words spoken against Putin. fication and institutionalization of art and There is censorship in Russia, but people say used artists’ bodies to make political state- bad things about Putin and his government ments), Pavlensky told the Russian magazine all the time. The punk prayer wasn’t particu- Snob, “Our political context is absolutely larly eloquent, either, though it served its different from that of the West. This action is purpose: the lyrics include lines like, “Shit, only worth considering in our specific place, shit, holy shit! Patriarch Gundyayev believes in the nest of power. In the West, the system in Putin/Bitch, better believe in God instead.” works differently—this action wouldn’t have Pussy Riot’s songs were a primitive frame on succeeded there.” which to hang a much larger set of arguments Though Russia now receives fairly about the state and the body, about men and extensive coverage in the Western media, women, and about public space. The pros- discussion of the country still relies heavily ecution picked and chose the lyrics it repeated on tropes that date back to the Cold War in court, removing the parts of the song that and a different political system: the Gulag, were about Putin and focusing on the parts Stalin, Solzhenitsyn. This picture of the bad about the Orthodox Church; the goal was to old Russia has been updated with images of prove that Pussy Riot had committed an act of the weird new Russia: Putin wrestling bears, “religious hatred” rather than political protest. dash-cam crash videos, and photos of sad- Yet Pussy Riot’s words weren’t the only thing looking women in tracksuits and too much the court held against them; there was also makeup, posing seductively in front of carpets the question of their young female bodies, hung on walls. In both cases, Russia is a bit of legs and arms exposed, dancing profanely in an enigma. For some people, Pavlensky’s self- a space where women were expected to have nailing was a freakish joke, a good opening their bodies covered. for bad puns; for others, it was a desperate act committed in a scary, totalitarian state. It was hard even for Russians to parse, let alone for The members of Pussy Riot are not the only foreigners. Russians who have used their bodies to make Today, it’s easier than ever to send a a point. A young artist named Pyotr Pavlensky message from Russia, but there’s no guarantee nailed his scrotum to Red Square a year after that the message will be understood. Perhaps Pussy Riot’s performance. He had previously more importantly, there is no certainty that it wrapped himself in barbed wire and, on will have any effect on Russian reality. For all another occasion, sewn his mouth shut and their popularity in the international media, held a banner that read, “The performance Pussy Riot attracted relatively little sympathy of Pussy Riot was a replay of Jesus Christ’s in Russia; in fact, by making it seem that famous action (Methodius 21:12-13).” He told the political opposition is full of anarchist a reporter, “In our country, the line between feminist blasphemers, Pussy Riot may have what happens in the prisons and in everyday done Putin a favor, strengthening his support life is disappearing. The entire country is from his conservative core constituency. In slowly transforming into one huge prison.” the West, sympathy for Pussy Riot was also Both Pussy Riot and Pavlensky sought mixed with confusion. Were they musicians or to use their bodies to reconfigure politically performance artists? Did their imprisonment charged spaces. They got a lot of attention, but mean that Russia had gone back to its Soviet 86 DISSENT SUMMER 2014 BOOKS ways? Had Pussy Riot changed the course of participating in a group like Pussy Riot. Russian history, or had its members merely Alyokhina was an alcoholic teenage hippie, thrust themselves into the international lime- hanging around the Moscow streets with her light? friends, in love with Aronofsky’s Requiem for a Dream. She eventually stopped drinking and became an ardent, if somewhat eccentric, Masha Gessen is one of the most important journalists covering Russian politics for a Western audience. A liberal Russian American who is completely bilingual and has lived and For all its popularity in the international worked in both countries, she has played an media, Pussy Riot attracted relatively little essential role in interpreting Russia for her readers. Words Will Break Cement: The Passion of sympathy in Russia. Pussy Riot provides the most detailed account to date of the Pussy Riot story, based on exclusive access to Pussy Riot and their family members. Gessen offers much interesting new environmental activist and yoga enthusiast, material about the lives of Tolokonnikova, and she joined Pussy Riot relatively late in Alyokhina, and Samutsevich; about the devel- the game. She went on to become a jailhouse opment of the art collective Voina (“War” lawyer, ferociously defending the rights of her in Russian), from which Pussy Riot even- fellow prisoners and winning many victories. tually splintered off; about the lead-up to In Pussy Riot, she found her purpose.