EDITORIAL STAFF / L E . L . S h a n e r FOR FORTY-EIGHT YEARS —IRON TRADE REVIEW Ediior-in-Chief E. C. Kreutzbf.ro Editor

A . J . H a in Managing Editor E. F. Ross Engineering Editor D . S. C a d o t o n t e i ^ ù Art Editor

ASSOCIATE EDITORS Vol. 101-No. 18 November 1, 1937 G . II. M a n l o v e J . D . K n o x W. L. IIammerquist J. A. C r o n i n READER COMMENTS ...... F. E. Goodinc R. L. Hartford 17 N e w Y o r k AS T H E EDITOR VIEW S T H E N EW S ...... 2I LH.Such B.K. Price NEWS L . E. B r o w n e Steel Profits for Nine Months Up 143 Per Cent ...... Pittsburgh Chicago 23 With Steel Executives at Fall Outing ...... D. R . J a m e s W . G . G u d e 25 Institute of Steel Construction’s Convention ...... Detroit Washington 26 A. II. A l l e n L. M. L a m m Lull Brings New Labor Problems ...... 28 L o n d o n Youth for Action, Age for Counsel in U. S. Steel 29 Vincent Delport Jones & Laughlin Scrapping Two Shape M ills ...... 31 How Freight Rise Affects Steel ...... 31 BUSINESS STAFF Machine Tool Builders Review National Issues ...... 32 Steelworks Operations for the Week ...... G . 0 . H a y s 34 Business Manager Meetings ...... 35 C. H . B a i l e y Men of Industry ...... Advertising Service 36 Obituaries ...... 37 N ew Y o r k . E. W. Kreutzrero MIRRORS OF M O T O R D O M ...... B. C. Snell 39 WINDOWS OF WASHINGTON ...... Pittsburgh . . S. II. Jasper 43 D. C. K iefer E D IT O R IA L — Progress in Metals Industry Has Origin in C hicago . . . L. C. P e l o t t Scientific Research ...... 45 W. F. O’D ell THE BUSINESS TREND Cleveland . R . C. J a f .n k e Decline in Steel Rate Causes Break in Activity I n d e x ...... 46 R. T. M a s o n .T. W. Zuber Charts and Statistics ...... 46-47 Circulation Manager Readers' Service TECHNICAL BRANCH OFFICES Selective Flame Hardening ...... 48 New Y o rk . . . . . 220 Broadway Flash W elding Rails ...... Chicago . . 52 . Peoples Gas Building Highlights of the Metal Show Pittsburgh . . 1650 Köppers Building 74 A.I.M.E. Studies Steel making Detroit . . 1010 Stephenson Building 75 Wire Men Discuss Processes ...... ff7ashington . National Press Building 77 Cincinnati . . . 418-420 Sinton Hotel Welding Research Is Topic of A.W.S. 81 San F ran cisco 2413 Milvia St. Study Steels for High Temperature Use I2S Berkeley, Calif., Tel. Berk. 7354-W MATERIALS HANDLING L o n d o n ...... Caxton House Haulaway Trailers Transport Autos ...... g7 Westminster, S. W . ] Merlin . Berlin, N. W . 40, Roonstrasse 10 PROGRESS IN STEELMAICING • • • Development of Steam Generation from Engine Exhaust ...... 62 Published by t h e P e n t o n P u b l is h in g C o ., SURFACE TREATMENT AND FINISHING OF METALS iirvl° n . ® u*ldinn, Cleveland. O hio. JOHN A . p ton, Chairman of Board; E. L. SlIANER, What Is Future of Cadmium in Electroplating? ...... 68 PniT1 .and Treasurer; J. R. DAWLEY and • U. h a y s , V ice P residen ts; F . G . STEINEBACH, WELDING, ETC .—Robert E. K in \ e a d ...... ?2 Secretary.

bureau of Circulations; A«so* POWER DRIVES Business Papers Inc., and National Pub- Jishers Association. Advantages of Belts, Chains and Variable Speed Units ...... 85 cvery Monday. Subscription in the N E W EQ U IPM EN T ...... 89 vrar% 4 s’ Cuba, Mexico and Canada, one . V lw° years S6; European and foreicn INTERNATIONAL ACETYLENE ASSOCIATION SECTION . 93-124 ¡«uel)C25c°"C >>Car S1°‘ SinBle C°P?CS (currcnl

,as fecontJ class matter at the postoffice RECENT PUBLICATIONS OF MANUFACTURERS ...... ,2 8 , under the Act of March 3, 1879. °P) right 1937 by the Pcnton Publishing Co. MARKET REPORTS AND PRICES ...... 129 The Market W eek ...... r3° BEHIND THE SCENES ...... 144 CONSTRUCTION AND ENTERPRISE 153 IN D E X T O ADVERTISERS ...... 178 PRODUCTION • PROC • DISTRIBUTION • USE 1, 1937 ^ N ovem ber 19 ! 0 The streamlined flier pictured above is the “Super-Chief,” Atchison’s new light­ ing Co. calls for the use of stainless chro­ weight train which makes the run between mium nickel steel which is fabricated by the Chicago and Los Angeles (2,228 miles) in Budd “shotweld” process. When you con­ 39 hours, 45 minutes. Such fast time is made sider the saving in fuel costs and the saving possible, because this train of eight cars in costs of maintaining road bed and rails, weighs only half as much as the steam train it’s easy to understand the constantly grow­ which it replaces. And responsible for this ing popularity of stainless steel construc­ appreciable weight-reduction is the use of a tion. Perhaps there’s equipment in your line modem alloy of Nickel, stainless steel. The of business where the high strength-weight principle of light-weight construction em­ ratio of the Nickel Alloy Steels may be used ployed by the Edward G. Budd Manufactur- to bring about worthwhile economies.

0 At the left we have another strik­ ing example of the cost-reducing ad­ vantages of another Nickel Alloy Steel composition. This huge crusher shaft o f 3 Nickel Steel with about .30% carbon, was made by Bethlehem Steel for the General Crusher Stone Co., Easton, Pa. Installed in 1906 it wras still going strong in 1930. It was retired from service then, but only because the crusher was obsolete. When equipment parts stand such gruelling service for 24 years, they’ve certain­ ly paid for themselves over and over again. But that’s characteristic of the Nickel Alloy Steels.

© If you have a grumbling gear Steel Company of America. Mainte­ in your plant it’s fairly safe to wager nance costs are kept low with Nickel it isn’t made of Nickel Allov Steel. steel gears because they have such The dark detail in the phantom cut high resistance to wear, shock ami pictured here shows a typical in­ fatigue. stallation of gears and other parts If frequent gear failures is one of made of Nickel Alloy Steels. The your problems, or if you want to be lathe is a product of The Monarch sure your production cycle has no Machine Tool Company, of Sidney, vulnerable points, N ickel A lloy Steel Ohio. N ickel A lloy Steels by Crucible gears are the ones to specify. THE INTERNATIONAL NICKEL COMPANY, INC., NEW YORK, N.Y.

20 /TEEL / TEEL PRODUCTION • PROCESSING • DISTRIBUTION - USE

sign of the times—a recognition of the new school of economic thinking. Maybe so, but steelmakers As the Editor recall youngsters in high positions 30 years ago. There is always room at the top for old and young who have ability. All industry unites in congratu­ lating U. S. Steel’s new chiefs upon their forth­ Views the News coming promotions.

C ONSIDERING the volume of desirable work to be done to adapt the country’s physical Centerpiece in this week’s issue is the section de­ facilities to modern needs it is a pity we seem voted to the 38th annual convention of the Interna­ unable to conduct affairs so as to avoid interruptions tional Acetylene association to be held in Birming­ such as the current faltering in the progress of re­ ham Nov. 10-12. Rapid develop- covery. Today we witness a general feeling of hesi­ 3 , 1 . ments in this industry (p. 96) have tancy. Yet all around us are important tasks beg­ y provided much of interest for dis- ging for action. If we had unlimited funds, we could Chemistry cussion purposes in the annual work at capacity several years and yet could not in round table sessions, feature of that time rehabilitate cities, streets and highways the meeting (p. 106). Of unusual interest is the sufficiently to adjust them to requirements of pres­ marked trend toward wider use of acetylene in the ent standards of motorized life. chemical industries, as outlined in the presidential address (p. 108). One of the most rapidly growing uses of flame hardening is in selective work where only parts of metal pieces require hardening, allow­ ing the balance of the article to remain free from In the approaching decade America will be re­ any tendency to scale or distort (p. 48). Several built in many respects, and the sooner we can pave interesting applications have been developed along the way for rebuilding the sooner we will release these lines. a strong new force for recovery. America Members of the steel construction industry in convention last week Tomorrow (p. 26) were given vivid outlines of elevated highways, new designs Continuous rails of a mile or more in length are for buildings, grade separation, housing, and nu­ now in use in several sections of trackage on Amer­ merous other types o f work necessary to relieve ican railroads. Field welding apparatus for rapid congestion in cities and promote safety. This con­ laying of this joint-free track (p. stitutes a new frontier which will challenge the skill Cadmium 52^ ieatures many interesting de­ and resources of the nation. Steel and allied in­ velopments, including a special lo- dustries will play an important role in this work. Nears Record comotive which supplies steam for the turbogenerators. Pronounced successful after two years’ operation (p. 62) are boilers using waste heat from gas engines used in steel plants. These units supply the necessary steam Because changes had been expected, the announce­ economically, lowering fuel costs. According to ment by Chairman Myron C. Taylor of U. S. Steel metal men (p. 68), the upper limit in cadmium pro­ (P- 29) that Edward Stettinius, Jr. and Benjamin duction is approximately 4,000,000 pounds, and it Fairless soon will become chair- may be reached this year. Present sources of cad­ Young Men man an<^ Presic*ent, respectively, of mium, which is obtained only as a by-product in m the world’s largest steel corpora- refining other metals, are being worked to the ut­ 0 Top tion did not elicit widespread sur­ most to supply the growing automotive demand. prise. Nor will an industry that repeatedly has witnessed the thrusting o f great re­ sponsibilities upon young shoulders be unduly moved by the fact that posts now held by 63-year-old in­ cumbents will go to men aged 38 and 47 years. Outsiders m ay say that this shift to youth is a

November 1, 1937 21 Change the design of your product and often it but after the quench it lacked sufficient hardness. becomes necessary to change the kind of steel you A SUGGESTION are u sin g. Whenever this problem arises Inland field men This manufacturer then followed the suggestion can be of real service to your plant. which is now being passed on to you. He called his nearest Inland office for some special help on the FOR EXAMPLE: problem . W ithin a few days Inland metallurgists had Recently a large equipment manufacturer, seeking the proper analysis steel moving swiftly and eco­ to improve his product, adopted a heat-treated part. nomically through his plant. This part required a minimum hardness (Rockwell IT’S PRACTICAL C-43) after quenching and drawing. Samples had been satisfactory, but mass produc­ Inland is especially equipped and organized to per­ tion brought a great deal of loss from cracking in form this kind of service for steel users. Others are the quench. A steel of different analysis was ordered, finding it highly valuable—so will you.

SHEETS STRIP TIN PLATE BARS RAILS TRACK ACCESSORIES PLATES N G BARS Steel Profits for Nine Months

143% More Than in 1936

P ROFITS of steel producers for the first nine months this year higher than last year, as shown by thus far this year are near­ aggregate $193,371,350, as compared the following detailed figures: with $79,604,755 in the three quar­ ly two and one-half times 1937 1936 ters of last year. larger than they were in the cor­ National Steel Corp...... 58.36 54.21 On this basis, total net profit in Inland Steel Co...... 7.19 5.14 U. S. Steel Corp...... 4.93 1.55 responding period of 1936. the nine months for the whole in­ American Rolling Mill Co___ 4.89 2.30 Sharon Steel Corp...... 4.88 2.44 This calculation is based on re­ dustry was $236,000,000. For the Allegheny Steel Co...... 4.73 3.63 ports from the 12 leading makers, full year 1936, the industry’s net Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. 4.48 2.92 Otis Steel Co...... 4.33 2.25 including the United States Steel profit was approximately $137,572,- Bethlehem Steel Corp...... 3.87 1.21 488. Wheeling Steel Corp...... 3.81 1.58 Corp., Bethlehem Steel Corp. and Continental Steel Corp...... 3.78 1.89 Republic Steel Corp. These 12 have Republic Steel Corp...... 1.87 1.28 Third Quarter Profits Down 82 per cent of the nation’s ingot Average ...... 54.59 51.89 capacity. Net profits of the 12 companies, Using total ingot production as a in the third quarter this year to­ COMMON DIVIDEND RESUMED measure, this year is 26.8 per cent taled $62.205,335, against $67,514,- BY UNITED STATES STEEL, ahead of 1936. In profits, as indi­ 573 in the second quarter, and $35,- cated by financial reports of the 12 566,602 in the third quarter of 1936. United States Steel Corp. directors companies, 1937 is 143 per cent bet­ Indicated average profit per ton last week declared a dividend of $1 ter than last year. of ingot capacity for nine months per share on common stock, the first In the nine-month period this this year for the 12 producers is common dividend since March 30, year, steelworks operations aver­ $4.59, compared with an indicated 1932. The regular quarterly divi­ aged 83.12 per cent of capacity, and $1.89 for the nine months last year. dend of $1.75 per preferred share in the comparable period last year Estimated individual profit per also was declared. 65.4 per cent. ton, based on each company’s ingot Earnings for the third quarter Net profits of the 12 producers capacity for nine months, was were $48,213,455, compared with

Third Quarter and 9-Month Financial Comparisions for Steel, Iron

All figures are profits except where asterisk denotes loss Third Second Third Nine Nine Annual ingot quarter quarter quarter months months capacity, 1937 1937 1936 1937 1936 gross tons ü. S. Steel Corp...... 530,617,638 536,173,682 513,663,177 595,352,853 529,901,904 25,772,400 Bethlehem Steel Corp...... 9,249,560 10,022,874 4,575,058 27,566,267 8,609,514 9.360.000 Republic Steel Corp. 3,237,155 487,251 3,311,555 9,291,470 6,333,649 6.533.000 Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. 3,586,495 2,022,112 2,359,998 10,494,627 6,845,385 3.120.000 National Steel Corp. 5.227,071 6.013,077 3,359,704 16,935,967 8,542,419 2.700.000 American Rolling Mill Co. 2,646,525 4,321,854 2,063,603 9,289,296 4,368,668 2,531,120 Inland Steel Co...... 4.433.375 3,178,383 3,788,199 12,620.532 9,021.022 2.340.000 Wheeling steel Corp...... 1,230,192 2,463,034 1,186,660 5.002,033 2,068,859 1.750.000 Otis Steel Co...... 948,285 1,040,424 495,110 2,691,105 1,395,459 828,000 Allegheny steel Co...... 271,579 864,449 349,277 1,687,082 1,297,045 476.000 Sharon Steel Corp...... 408,570 672,258 342,418 1,646,606 823.370 450.000 Continental Steel Corp...... 258,890 255,175 71,843 793,512 397,461 280.000 Totals ...... 562,205,335 567,514,573 535,566,602 5193,371,350 579,604,755 56,140,520

f in is h in g c a p a c it y o n l y Acme Steel Co...... 305.863 669,441 538,847 2,070,245 1,444,474 Superior Steel Corp...... 103,492 120,648 118,010 310.260 205,824

PIG IRON CAPACITY ONLY Interlake Iron Corp...... 837,371 572,835 99,311 1,782.408 67,634 1,215,000 ' irginia Iron, Coal & Coke Co. 30,335* 33,135* 8,029* 93,168* 89,984* 200,000

November 1, 1937 23O' $30,044,389 for the third quarter, share in the third quarter of 1936. $3,237,155. Net profits for the first 1936. For the first nine months this Directors declared a dividend of nine months are $9,291,470, com­ year earnings totaled $147,190,286, $1.50 per common share payable Dec. pared with $6,333,649 for the same nearly double the $75,786,019 for 24 to stockholders of record Dec. period in 1936. the first nine months last year. 17. Dividends of $1.75 on the 7 The provision for estimated fed­ Net income on capital stock for per cent cumulative preferred, and eral income tax for the nine months the third quarter amounted to $30,- of 25 cents on the 5 per cent cumu­ period this year ending Sept. 30, 617,638, against $13,636,177 in the lative preferred, payable on or be­ 1937, was $3,600,000, including $1,- corresponding 1936 period. For nine fore Jan. 3 of record Dec. 3, also 350,000 for estimated surtax on un­ months this year net income was were declared. distributed profits. $95,352,853, compared with $29,874,- The $1.50 common dividend is the The new 98-inch continuous mill 904 in nine months of 1936. fourth consecutive quarterly dis­ in Cleveland, is nearing completion Earnings and net income figures bursement, payments having been with the hot mill and the hot mill are stated before deduction or al­ resumed on common stock with the finishing going into production last lowance.for fedei’al surtax on undis­ declaration of $1.50 per share last week. The cold mill is expected to tributed profits. Amount of this Dec. 8. This was the first dividend start operating about Nov. 15. tax can be determined only after on common since Feb. 15,1932, when INLAND’S NET UP 39 PER final results for the entire year are 50 cents a share was paid. For the CENT; $1 DIVIDEND known. However, the statement for first quarter this year $1 per share the nine months comprehends an was paid, and in the second quarter Inland Steel Co., Chicago, has estimated allowance for such taxes $1.50. declared a dividend of $1 a share, of $4,500,000. E. G. Grace, president, reported payable Dec. 1 to stockholders of Expenditures during the firit nine current operations are approximate­ record Nov. 15. In the nine months months this year for additions and ly 65 per cent of capacity. Opera­ ending Sept. 30 indicated net profits betterments to plants and property, tions in the third quarter avei’aged were $12,620,532 against $9,021,022 and for payment of maturing bonds 85.1 per cent compared with 92.9 in the same period last year, an and other capital obligations of sub­ per cent in the second quarter and increase of approximately 39 per sidiaries, amounted to approximate­ 69.5 per cent in the third quarter cent. Third quarter net was $4,- 433,375 compared with $3,178,383 in ly $81,000,000. Unexpended balances last year. on authorized appropriations for ad­ the preceding quarter and $3,788,199 Current rate of bookings is at ditions and improvements are ap­ in the September quarter last year. proximately $113,000,000. 45 per cent of capacity. Estimated No provision for undistributed Net working assets of the corpoi’a- value of orders on hand Sept. 30 earnings tax was made in the third was $125,820,124, compared with tion and subsidiaries, exclusive of quarter figures. dividends declared and unpaid, were $147,216,591 at the end of the sec­ as follows: ond quarter and $93,272,198 Sept. 30, NATIONAL STEEL PROFIT 1936. EQUAL TO $7.81 PER SHARE Dec. 31, 1935 ...... $389,123,253 Dec. 31, 1936 ...... 391,330,566 Wages in the first nine months National Steel Corp., Pittsburgh, Sept. 30, 1937 ...... 419,031,875 amounted to approximately $134,- reports third quarter net income 000,000 as against $86,000,000 in the Operations for the third quarter after all charges except provision corresponding period a year ago. as measured by finished product for federal surtax on undistributed Bethlehem reached its peak in em­ output averaged 73.6 per cent, com­ profits was $5,227,071.04, equal to ployment in the third quarter with pared with 88.4 per cent in the pre­ $2.41 per share on 2,167,777 outstand­ 103,000 men on the domestic payroll, vious quarter, and 63.6 per cent in ing shares. These earnings com­ as compared with 85,000 in the third third quarter of 1936. pare with $3,359,704.57, equal to quarter last year. Since the end For the nine months this year $1.56 per share on 2,157,777 shares of the third quarter there has been shipments totaled 10,956,846 tons, or in the third quarter 1936. Nine approximately no change in num­ at the rate of 81.4 per cent of ca­ months net profit is $16,935,967.16, ber of men employed. pacity. In recent weeks a rather equal to $7.81 per share, against marked falling off in shipments to Average hourly earnings last quar­ $8,542,419.36 or $3.96 per share in customers occurred resulting in an ter per employe amounted to 89 the same period 1936. October average to date of approxi­ cents, against 71.6 cents in the sim­ mately 54 per cent of capacity. ilar period last year. JONES & LAUGHLIN POSTPONES Approximately 276,000 employes Average number of hours worked QUARTERLY MEETING were on the payroll in September. per week was 40.2 for the first quar­ The regular quarterly dividend Employment and payroll statistics ter, 39.4 for the second and 37.8 for meeting of Jones & Laughlin Steel for the first nine months of 1937 and the third. Last year the average Corp., Pittsburgh, scheduled for Oct, the corresponding period of 1936: was 3.57 for the first quarter, 39.5 26, was indefinitely postponed. It 9 months ending Sept. 30 for the second, 39.3 for the third was understood that directors 1937 1936 and 40.3 for the fourth. wished a clearer view of this year’s Employes...... 263,542 216,709 P ayroll...... $354,217,827 $242,635,540 Capital expenditures during the operating results and profits prior to first nine months this year were taking dividend action. At the pres­ BETHLEHEM EARNS $6.88 $35,000,000, with $14,000,000 yet to ent time the company is paying divi­ IN FIRST NINE MONTHS be expended. Mr. Grace estimated dends at the rate of $7 annually on $10,000,000 wou'd be spent in the the preferred stock, on which there Bethlehem Steel Corp. reports net fourth Quarter bringing the total to still are dividend arrears of $26.25 profit of $27,566,267, equal to $6.88 $45,000,000 for the year and leaving a share. per common share, for the first nine $4,000,000 unexpended. Last year months of 1937. This compares with $16,000,000 was spent for capital AMERICAN ROLLING MILL $3,609,514 for the corresponding equipment. DOUBLES NINE MONTHS NET period in 1935. For the nine months ending Sept. For the third quarter, net profit REPUBLIC’S NINE MONTHS NET UP 46 PER CENT 30, American Rolling Mill Co., Mid­ was $9,249,560, equal after preferred dletown, O., reports net profit of dividends to $2.31 per common share, Third quarter net profits for Re­ $9,289,296, equal to $3.09 a common compared with $2.56 per share in the public Steel Corp., Cleveland, after share, more than double the^ $4,363,- second quarter and 84 cents per deducting all charges, amounted to (.Please turn to page 151)

24 / TEEL With Steel Executives at Fall Outing

■ Executives of member companies o£ the American Iron and Steel institute enjoyed an informal outing at the Greenbrier hotel, White Sulphur Springs, W. Va., Oct. 23-25. At the left is Tom M. Girdler, chairman of the board, Republic Steel Corp. Below, in golf togs, are left to right, F. R. Frost, presi­ dent, Superior Steel Corp.; B. F. Fairless, president, Carnegie-Illinois Steel Corp.; S. E. Hackett, president, Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp.; F. B. Hufnagel, president, Crucible Steel Co. of America. The group of three at the extreme left, left to right, are W. A. Irvin, president, United States Steel Corp.; Frank Purnell, president, Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co., E. G. Grace, president, Bethlehem Steel Corp.

■ R. J. Wysor, president, Re­ public Steel Corp., demon­ strates his skill at tennis

■ In the group at the trapshootirg range are the fol­ low ing: E. L. W y­ man, vice president, Clayton Mark Co., Chicago; Hayward Neidringhaus, president, Granite City Steel Co., Granite City, 111.; A. K. Andrews and W. N. Andrews, vice presidents, An­ drews Steel Co., Newport, Ky. ; Paul Kruesi, president, Southern Ferro Alloys Co., Chattanooga, Tenn; G. W. Connors, president, Connors Steel Co., Birmingham, Ala.; D. P. Sommer and R. E. Sommer, vice presidents, Keystone Steel & Wire Co., Peoria, 111. Cummins Photos

November 1, 1937 25 Modernize Cities! Meet Traffic Demands!

Heard at Structural Convention

W HEN the United States gets automobile manufacturers, he de­ were used in a 2 ‘A mile stretch of around to tackling the job clared. elevated highway work. of rebuilding America to “While we regard Park avenue in The discussion of this subject at meet the new requirements of auto­ New York as the best example of a the convention served to accentuate motive transportation, a heavy share submerged market, where the per the timeliness and importance of of the responsibilities and opportuni­ capita ownership of cars is lower the national competition recently an­ ties involved in this work will fall than that of a small town sidestreet, nounced by the institute for the upon the steel construction industry. the submerged market extends from most suitable design of an elevated This was the outstanding conclusion coast to coast—from New York with highway. to be drawn from the extensive pro­ its ‘horse and buggy’ traffic speed, F. E. Schmitt, editor, Engineering gram of the fifteenth annual conven­ to Los Angeles, where 15 miles an News-Record, New York, in an ad­ tion of the American Institute of hour is averaged by our 80-miles- dress, “Steel Construction Progress,” Steel Construction held at the Green­ an-hour cars. And this average is brier hotel, White Sulphur Springs, reviewed the record of steel con­ maintained by dangerous crest W. Va., Oct. 26-29. struction in the past 50 years and speeds of 35 to 40 miles an hour.” touched upon its opportunities in The necessity of extensive rebuild­ the future. He said: ing was stressed by Henry M. Mr. Stevens also referred to the “Taking the normal construction Stevens, vice president, J. Walter parking problem. “Its solution, as demand as of 1930 at 8% to 9 bil­ Thompson Co., New York. Speaking much as preparing the roadways of on “Rebuilding Our Cities,” Mr. tomorrow, rests with the steel in­ lion dollars, we would be justi­ dustry,” he said. fied in counting on a 1940 normal Stevens said: of about 11 billion. When we ap­ "You hear of snarled traffic con­ Reconstruction Needed ply this same ratio of growth to ditions in every size city. The de­ steel construction, we find that the scription is fitting. It embodies E. J. Russell, St. Louis, carried the present normal requirement, which the annoyance of those endless traf­ theme a step further, when in an may be placed at 3% million tons, fic jams, the aggravation of being address “Construction Industry will increase to about 4% million stopped at every corner by cross Prospects,” he declared that the tons by the end of the next decade.” traffic, the despondency that has re­ need of rebuilding involves not only sulted in forsaking the private auto­ the reconstruction of streets and In one of the most comprehensive mobile by five to ten million Amer­ highways, but also the redesign of addresses of the convention, F. T. icans. These five to ten million buildings to fit into the new re­ Llewellyn, research engineer, United would own automobiles today if they quirements. States Steel Corp., New York, spoke could drive safely to their destina­ Something must be done to per­ on “Light-Gage, Flat-Rolled Steel in tions in good time, and park their mit the use of automobiles in con­ Housing.” Said Mi\ Llewellyn: cars without difficulty. gested districts and this requires the “More than 1400 homes using steel design of new buildings which as a m ajor building material have Traffic Is at Saturation Point recognize the acute parking prob­ been built in the United States. lem. He cited the Grant building in Some 3000 others have used steel “Today there are 26,000,000 cars Pittsburgh as one in which provi­ to lesser degree. on our roads. Particularly in metro­ sion has been made for parking politan sectors, our streets are tenants’ cars within the building. Steel House Is Potential Market jammed almost to what is called Further emphasis on this subject “With the small steel house requir­ stagnation point. Could any traffic was given at the Thursday morning ing 5 tons of steel, our annual de­ at all move if 37,000,000 cars sud­ session when F. H. Frankland, chief mand of 300,000 homes in the coun­ denly tried to use these same roads? engineer of the institute, devoted a try makes a potential market of That is the number Charles F. Ket­ large part of his annual report to 1,500,000 tons of steel every year. tering, research engineer for Gen­ a discussion of rigid frame construc­ “Steel construction would elimin- eral Motors, estimates will be on tion for bridges and buildings. He 70 per cent of residential fires which our streets in 1960.” was followed by H. D. Hussey, start below the first floor and 15 Reconstruction of roads for the American Bridge Co., New York, per cent more which start on the increase in traffic as well as to make who presented an illustrated ad­ roof, but this is not an outstanding driving safer and faster will neces­ dress on the “Design, Fabrication advantage because residential fires sitate more elevated express high­ and Erection of Rigid Frame Struc­ are rare and insurance rates already ways, Mr. Stevens said. tures in Buildings and Bridges.” quite reasonable.” Development of this type of high­ Mr. Hussey described the applica­ Mr. Llewellyn cited as affecting way will enlarge steel’s mai'ket tion of this type of construction to the utilization of steel housing the along a broad front, not only for the parkway system in Westchester tendency towards no basements; an the steel used in constructing the county, New York, and to the West increase in flat roofs with portions new roadways, but also for its re­ Side improvement project in New used for living purposes; more glass sulting effect on sales of steel to York city where 397 rigid frames in walls; disposition of windows

26 / TEEL near corners; and the increasing de­ had we been mindful of the rights activities gain, we will gain. The mand for standardized, mechanical to free competition and careful to nation must prosper before we can units such as fabricated kitchens restrain all forms of commercial prosper.” and bathroom equipment. license. In the present disturbed state of Part of his paper was devoted to "If license has grown so rampant social unrest, industry has a more taking the “bunk” out of steel hous­ as to warrant the intervention of serious public relations problem be­ ing and dispelling belief that it will the government, then probably wo fore it than at any other time in be an immediate panacea for all deserve no better. It should be made history, V. G. Iden, secretary of the residential ills. "Steel is seeking its impossible for any company to com­ institute, stated in his report. own level of usage in housing,” he pete so freely as to destroy either Instead of petitioning the govern­ said. its competitor, itself, or the industry, ment for special legislation, he or to injure the customer. I, for pointed out, industry could serve Close attention was given to an one, do not believe we have reached itself better by developing its prod­ .address by Edward L. Ryerson such a dire extreme. uct to serve mankind better. Not Jr., vice-chairman, Inland Steel Co., “Through voluntary co-operation only research, but market develop­ (Chicago, on “Market Problems.” we can erect that measure of self­ ment and advertising should be un­ Mr. Ryerson chose to place the regulation as to make governmental dertaken to tell the world what great major emphasis in the marketing interference unnecessary.” things can be built of structural •of structural steel upon the broader steel. aspects of the service of steel con­ Lags Behind General Business “Collective bargaining with labor, struction to the public than to the Mr. Conley reviewed the indus­ even though accomplished under the specific applications of this type of try’s experience with the code and most altruistic system, is but the construction. Therefore instead of contacts with the government, say­ first step towards a rigid price struc­ stressing the opportunities for steel ing: “It has been sufficient to con­ ture,” said Mr. Iden. “If the govern­ in housing, bridges, etc., he touched vince us that government can do ment intends to control this most upon the importance of effective almost nothing for business that fundamental cost of production, it promotion whereby the public may business cannot to better for itself. will sooner or later find it necessary acquire a better appreciation of the “ At this crucial day in our political also to control selling prices. value of structural steel. Such pro­ life let us continue to do all in “Inflexible costs will quickly ad­ motion, he declared, is more effective power to preserve the elements of vance prices and give us an unheard in the long run than effort expended democracy for a guide to the rest of level of cost of living. By thus •to produce prompt, tangible returns of the world.” artificially advancing the cost of in the form of immediate tonnage. Referring to the consumers’ situa­ living, we will fail entirely to achieve Mr. Ryerson discussed the effect tion in the industry, he said: the abundant life which is alleged ■of the high tax burden upon indus­ “Our operating capacity is still to be the goal of our political try. Drawing from his extensive ex­ less than our plant capacity but leaders.” perience with relief work in the we are no longer slipping. Gen­ He reviewed briefly proposed Chicago district, he outlined the ad­ erally, I would say, the structural legislation schemes, and said: vantages and disadvantages of the steel industry is lagging one year “What all this means we can Works Progress administration and behind general business. As other only surmise, but very definitely we the Public Works administration. He criticized the policy of the former, wherein workers were placed on the federal payroll under conditions which made for waste of Moonlight and Rivets public money and demoralization of the persons thus employed. The tax­ payers, he declared, received much more for their money under PWA, wherein the government provided the funds for certain projects which were carried out under pri­ vate contract and under conditions which not only guaranteed a better and a more economical job but also afforded a sounder basis of employ­ ment for the workers thus engaged. Urges Self-Regulation ■ The effect o£ light on In his annual address as presi­ this new Lockheed dent of the institute, Clyde G. Con­ Electra, all-metal ley, president, Mt. Vernon Bridge plane, built by the Co., Mt. Vernon, O., touched upon Lockheed Aircraft problems confronting the steel con­ Corp., Burbank, Calif., struction industry. Mr. Conley said: was to reveal myriads “Next year we are promised a of rivets used in its complete overhauling of the anti­ construction trust laws of our country. Are we to understand our political leaders have failed to learn well the lessons of 1933-34? “Industi-y in this, country has grown great because we have fol­ lowed a system of competition. The purpose of the antitrust laws was to preserve the freedom of competi­ tion. We would never have had any demand for a change in those laws

November 1, 1937 can expect that an effort will be on the fallacy of selling below costs. made to bring all industry under Discussion elicited many criticisms Lull Brings New more rigid inspection and control.” of the present federal tax structure. Robert T. Brooks, executive vice The convention elected Paul Cod- Labor Problems president, in his report reviewed dington, Lakeside Bridge & Steel the scope of the organization’s Co., Milwaukee, a director to suc­ The steel industry’s shift from work. In the ten months from ceed the late J. Lloyd Kimbrough. high gear into low has brought cer­ Nov. 1, 1936, to Sept. 1, 1937, he C. H. Blakeley, vice president, Beth­ tain features of the labor situation pointed out, as a direct result of its lehem Steel Co., and Charles R. into prominence, particularly in re­ engineering staff’s efforts, the ton­ Michael, president, Virginia Bridge gard to CIO contracts that were nage for the year had been increased Co., Roanoke, Va., were elected hon­ signed seven months ago when ac­ 117,796 tons. orary members of the institute. tivity was strong. “At present more than 200 com­ Mill forces, overtime and hours panies, representing 85 per cent of Navy Opens Bids for per week have been reduced. In the industry by volume, are assist­ Ferromanganese, Ore some plants the fact that overtime ing in collection of our statistical was paid in the boom months in data,” T. H. Hendrix, director, in­ H Bids for approximately 50,000 preference to hiring additional men stitute’s statistical department, re­ tons of manganese ore or 11,000 has helped cushion the dismissals. ported. tons of feri'omanganese were opened Seniority clauses in contracts are Bookings of fabricated structural last week by the navy department. facing tests, although the Steel steel in the first eight months of 1937 Bids for ore were received from W orkers Organizing committee has —1,197,381 tons—were 12 per cent Leonard J. Buck Inc., Jersey City, made few protests. The time is not over the tonnage in the comparable for full ore tonnage at 46.7 cents advantageous for the union to com­ period in 1936. Shipments amount­ per unit, but was of lower grade plain too loudly. It is exceedingly ed to 1,082,844 tons, 9 per cent than asked for; Cuban American anxious to renew its contracts in the more than in the eight months in Manganese Corp., New York, on 10,- early part of next year; its officers 1936. 000 tons only, at 59 cents per unit. have been tied up recently in nego­ Robert C. Post, treasurer of the Bethlehem Steel Co. submitted tiations with the AFL, and it institute, reported that its finances bids for 11,000 tons ferromanganese, faces a lean period from the stand­ are “in an especially strong posi­ point of dues. tion,” resulting from larger ship­ also lower grade than asked for, at $128.75 per long ton of contained In regard to seniority, some mills, ments this year, and payment of manganese; Carnegie-Illinois Steel which hired numerous men during dues based on that tonnage. the peak months of this year, are Efforts are being made to have Corp. and the E. J. Lavino Co., Phil­ adelphia, bid the same; Jones & adhering fairly closely to seniority, lifted the requirement for bonding but in some of the smaller plants government contractors for protect­ Laughlin Steel Corp., Pittsburgh, bid $125,953. Electro Metallurgical any reasonable arrangement to ing material men and labor, accord­ spread the work is permitted. ing to the committee on bonds. Ths Co., Alloy, W. Va., bid $139 per ton in barrels and $132 in bulk. committee recommended that the 14,500 Idle at Pittsburgh movement be resisted and govern­ Electrical Manufacturers ment be petitioned to continue the Under an arrangement supple­ practices as set down in the Miller Convene in Chicago mentary to the contract, some com­ act. panies and their employes have This year 38 per cent of the struc­ E3 More than 600 delegates gathered agreed that the company may put tural steel sold went into industrial at Chicago last week for the annual into effect for one month a share- and commercial buildings, against meeting of the National Electrical the-work plan, while awaiting a 31 per cent in 1936. Government Manufacturers association. Principal pickup in business, but at the end of work also took 38 per cent, com- business of the six-day convention the month the grievance committee pai'ed with 48 per cent in the previ­ consisted of nearly 150 separate may require the company to reduce ous year. Bridge and grade cross­ meetings of various divisions, sec­ its forces so that senior employes ing eliminations, included in gov­ tions and groups of the associa­ may get full time. ernment work, dropped from 32.7 tion. Rough estimates show that per cent of the total in 1936 to 24.7 A feature of the program was the around 14,500 persons have become per cent of the sales this year. presentation of the James H. Mc- idle in the Pittsburgh district alone The committee on technical re­ Graw award for the most important in the steel and allied industries due search reported that a number of personal contribution to progress in to the subsidence in activity in the research problems were successfully the electrical manufacturing indus­ last month. Allegheny county relief prosecuted during the year. try. The recipient was C. E. Swartz- officials report that applications are Thomas H. Beck, president, baugh, president, Swartzbaugh Mfg. on the increase and now coming in Crowell Publishing Co., New York, Co., Toledo, O. at the rate of around 1000 a week. banquet speaker Thursday evening, D. Hayes Murphy, president, Wire Pennsylvania steel mills, metal­ declared the belief that “trade fol­ Mold Co., Hartford, Conn., was elect­ working plants and foundries face lows the flag” is outmoded. “To­ ed president of the association for the necessity of obtaining exemp­ day trade follows advertising,” he the coming year, succeeding F. R. tions or else revising some of their said. “Improved air transportation, Fishback, Electric Controller & Mfg. operating schedules in continuous better communication systems, are Co., Cleveland. Other officers chosen operations when the new 44-hour shrinking the world, presenting the include: Vice presidents, F. W. Ma- state law becomes effective Dec. 1. opportunity to show the masses of gin, Square D Co., Detroit; Matthew The law is expected to be used as a people all over the world the vir­ Porosky, Gamewill Co., Newton Up­ pattern when congress starts to tues of American products.” Mr. per Falls, Mass.; Walter Robbins, write a new wage-hour law. Beck described his experiences on General Cable Corp., New York; C. Under the new Pennsylvania law the first trip of the China Clipper E. Swartzbaugh; and N. G. Symonds, no employer shall employ any per­ to Hong Kong. Westinghouse Electric & Mfg. Co., son for more than 44 hours in any At the session Friday morning, East Pittsburgh, Pa. H. C. Petty, one week or 8 hours in any one day C. Oliver Wellington, McKinsey, Crocker-Wheeler Co., Ampere N. J., or on more than 5% days in any Wellington & Co., New York, spoke was chosen treasurer. period of consecutive days.

28 /TEEL men new to the steel industry or new to the organization of the Steel Youth ior Action, Age corporation itself. Perhaps the near­ est approach is in the appointment of Mr. Voorhees, former vice presi­ dent and director of the Johns- For Counsel, in Steel Manville Corp., who became af­ filiated with the United States Steel Corp. and the industry for the first time only last April. W HEN Myron C. Taylor pub­ liam A. Irvin, 43 years in steel and licly announced last week retiring president, as vice chairman As a matter of fact, the changes, his intention to retire as of the board of directors, and by and especially those at the top, were chairman of the United States Steel the intention of Mr. Taylor to con­ expected about this time. Certainly Corp. at the next annual meeting of tinue on (with officers still on the Mr. Taylor has indicated strongly directors April 4, he signalized the top floor of 71 Broadway) as mem­ upon various occasions his intention virtual completion of the vast job ber of the board and of the finance of retiring when his program was for which he was drafted to under­ committee. completed. He undoubtedly would have retired long ago had it not take 10 years ago. Seldom, if ever, have a greater been for the depression, which not This job, briefly, was to revise the number of important personnel only retarded his work but made capital structure, revamp the plants mandatory his staying on the job and physical properties and reor­ until conditions became more settled. ganize the personnel, injecting younger and newer blood into posi­ His successor, Mr. Stettinius, has tions of high responsibility. Atten­ been groomed for the post since he tion to this latter objective was resigned from the General Motors stressed only last week, when coin­ Corp. to join the Steel corporation cident with the stated intention of in 1934, to become, first, vice chair­ Mr. Taylor to retire, came the an­ man of the finance committee and nouncement of the selection of 37- then, Jan. 1, last year, chairman of year old Edward R. Stettinius Jr., the committee. (37, Oct. 22) as his successor; 47- Fairless 23 Years in Steel year old Benjamin F. Fairless as president and 45-year old Enders M. Likewise, the appointment of Ben­ Voorhees, a relative newcomer in jamin Fairless to the presidency is steel, as chairman of the finance hailed generally as a "natural.” committee. Coming along fast, since his first af­ filiation with the steel industry 23 Appointees Are Young years ago, at Massillon, O., he left Men still young as big-time execu­ the Republic Steel Corp., as vice president, in 1935 to become head of tives go were also elected to the Edward R. Stettinius Jr. presidency of the Carnegie-Ulinois Chairman of the finance committee, Unit­ the newly organized Carnegie-U- Steel Corp., the Steel corporation’s ed States Steel Corp., who will succeed linois Steel Corp. Mr. Taylor as chairman of the board largest subsidiary and the largest April 5, 1938 His succession to the presidency steel producing organization in the of the Steel corporation itself was world, and of the up-and-coming regarded only as a matter of time, Tennessee Coal, Iron & Railroad changes in the ranks of the Steel and not too long a time at that, Co., namely, J. L. Perry, 57, and corporation come at one time, than as Mr. Irvin, the present incumbent, Robert Gregg, 52, respectively. were announced last week. Yet the was approaching the voluntary re­ However, that the Steel corpora­ changes in no respect were startling. tirement age. Mr. Irvin will be 65 tion is not unmindful of the value They involved no drafting from the Dec. 7. of counsel of older heads was em­ outside, such as has been the case The appointment of Mr. Perry as phasized by the retention of Wil­ upon occasion in recent years, of head of the Carnegie-Ulinois, is re-

Benjamin F. Fairless Robert Grefje: J. L. Terry President, Carnegie-Ulinois Steel Corp., Vice President, United States Steel Corp., President, Tennessee Coal, Iron & R ail­ elected to succeed W illiam A. Irvin as who on Jan. 1 will become president, road Co., who on Jan. 1 will succeed Mr. President of the United States' Steel Tennessee Coal, Iron & Railroad Co. Fairless as president, Carnegie-Ulinois Corp., Jan. 1, 193S Steel Corp.

November 1, 1937 29 William A. Irvin Myron C. Tnylor Eiulers M. Voorhccs President, United States Steel Corp., Chairman of the board of directors, Unit­ Vice chairman of the finance committee, elected vice chairman of the board of ed States Steel Corp. He will retire as United States Steel Corp., who will suc­ directors, effective Jan. 1 chairman, April 4, 1938, but will continue ceed Mr. Stettinius as chairman as a memh-r of the board and of the finance committee

garded as highly logical, for, still point program mentioned. The cor­ ganization. As well known, the out­ vigorous and active at 57, his asso­ poration, he was told, was in need of standing consolidation is that now ciation with the Steel corporation rehabilitation; the job was his to represented by the Carnegie-Illinois goes back to its founding—in fact, perform. Steel Corp., effected in 1935. he started his business career in Revamping of its capital struc­ Mr. Stettinius was reared in the 1899 with the wire plant at Wor­ ture was his first objective, and realm of finance and industry. His cester, Mass., which a couple of this culminated in 1929 in the retire­ father, now dead, was a partner in years later was merged by the ment of bonds valued at $340,000,- J. P. Morgan Co., and the younger United States Steel Corp. Becoming 000, a refunding operation which Stettinius upon being graduated on Jan. 1, 1933, vice president of the was to reduce the fixed annual from University of Virginia was American Steel & Wire Co. and on chai'ges from $24,000,000 to $5,000,- given first a minor post with the Feb. 1, 1935, president of the Ten­ 000, a particularly welcome saving Hyatt Roller Bearing division of the nessee company, he possesses a well- in the depression years soon to fol­ General Motors Corp., then made rounded experience, an experience low. assistant to the vice president in that has taken him from New Eng­ Progress with respect to physical charge of General Motors accessory land to the Mid-West (Cleveland) to properties and personnel was nat­ division and four years later as­ Birmingham in the South. urally to come more slowly by virtue sistant to Alfred Sloan, head of of the character of these undertak­ As for his successor, Robert General Motors. Gregg, his change will be like going ings. The depression made advance­ He displayed keen interest in pub­ home, for it was in the South that ment along these lines particularly lic and industrial relations from the he was born and raised and spent difficult, but slow at first, progress first and it was in charge of this much of his life in steel. Before join­ became highly accelerated over the work that he in 1931 was made a ing the Steel corporation, he was past three years. vice president of General Motors president of the Atlantic Steel Co., Expansion Costs Half Billion Corp. So capable was he in this Atlanta, Ga. Following a few years field that General Hugh Johnson as president of the Tennessee com­ Reorganization of the physical drafted him as liaison officer when pany, he was brought to New York properties called for the abandon­ the N.R.A. was organized. His con­ as vice president in charge of sales ment of some units, modernization tinued interest in industrial rela­ for the United States Steel Corp. of others and the construction of tions, as well as in financial prob­ Now he is going back to his old job. various new plants, with the em­ lems, has been manifest since his He likes it down there. phasis on light, flat-rolled products affiliation with the Steel corpora­ His successor has not been an­ for the consumer trade. Up to the nounced, and it is believed that with beginning of this year $364,000,000 tion. this possible exception, no further had been expended, with $157,000,- important changes are in the offing. 000 appropriated for additional Kettering To Speak at work, which is now going forward. Oldest Member Resigns Laboratory Dedication These changes were made not only Along with his new duties as with a view to improving facilities, ■ Charles F. Kettering, vice presi­ president, Mr. Fairless also becomes but to giving them the best possible dent in charge of research, General a director, succeeding Thomas Mor­ geographical location. Thus expan­ Motors Corp., will be the principal rison, resigned, of Pittsburgh, who sion has been particularly notable in speaker and guest of honor at the was the oldest member. With the Chicago-Gary and Birmingham, dedication of the American Rolling James A. Farrell, he was one of Ala., districts, as well as around Mill Co.’s new research laboratory the two Andrew Carnegie men still Pittsburgh, Youngstown, Cleveland building at Middletown, O., Nov. 5. remaining. and other points. Mr. Kettering will speak on “Re­ In winding up his work as active Along with this change in physical search, Industry and Progress,” be­ head of the United States Steel properties, came a revamping in fore 250 leading scientists, research Corp., Mr. Taylor has wrought many various lines of personnel, particu­ men, editors, and scientific writers. changes. Coming into active charge larly the sales force, with a center­ George M. Verity, chairman, and in 1927 (he had been a director since ing of executive direction, as impor­ Charles R. Hook, president of the 1925) at the request of J. P. Morgan, tant subsidiaries were merged to company, also will speak. then serving as temporary chairman accomplish this end and to simplify The new laboratory building was of the board, he evolved the three- the corporate structure of the or­ described in S teel, Oct. 4, p. C-8.

30 f TEEL crease but used by an inland fur­ channels and angles and at one time How Freight Rise nace the rate is 12 cents more for universal plates. the two tons of ore to make one Jones & Laughlin officials empha­ Affects Steel ton of pig iron. Michigan ore to a sized that scrapping of the mills is lake furnace bears 12 cents addi­ not to be construed as meaning that tional on the two tons, and to an the company is going out of the Railroad executives in session at inland smelter 24 cents. structural business. For example, Chicago last week, formulating With an addition of 10 cents per the 14-inch mill at Aliquippa is still their petition to the interstate com­ ton on coal the cost for coke to pro­ rolling shapes. merce commission for a general in­ duce a ton of pig iron will be in­ Space occupied by the two old mills crease of 15 per cent in freight rates, creased about 15 cents. Thus the will be available for expansion. estimate increased costs of operation added cost of pig iron will vary With the new continuous mill in total close to $460,000,000 annually. from 15 cents to about 40 cents per operation, open-hearth capacity has Revenue to be derived from the 15 ton. A small additional cost will at times been greatly taxed. Too per cent increase is estimated at be carried by limestone but as this much finishing capacity at Pitts­ about $440,000,000 on the basis of commodity often is practically a burgh has been going into capital 1936 traffic, or $485,000,000 on vol­ local product or moved by water this goods products and not enough into ume of the first eight months of will not have much effect on cost the consumer goods classification. 1937. of the iron. Sales of structurais and piling have Meanwhile, new tariffs embodying been consolidated under the hot the 10 per cent increase recently rolled department, resulting in the granted are being prepared. retirement Nov. 1 of C. C. Dornbush The carriers were authorized to J. & L. Scrapping and George H. Danforth, the former make the rates effective on five with Jones & Laughlin 40 years and days’ notice, waiving all regulations Two Shape Mills the latter, 37 years. in conflict. It is believed the effec­ To meet increasing demand for tive date will be between Nov. 10 sulphate of ammonia in the south­ and 15. Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp. an­ ern states, the corporation announces Under the ruling, applying to fin­ nounced last week that it will scrap the construction of a sulphate of ished steel, all rates under 10 cents the No. 12 and No. 14 structural mills ammonia warehouse and bagging per 100 pounds will take an added at its Pittsburgh works, and has sus­ plant at Memphis, Tenn. 10 per cent. At 10 cents and high­ pended the manufacture of certain The warehouse, designed to store er per 100 pounds the increase will structural sections pending future and handle 8000 tons of sulphate of be a flat 1 cent, the maximum. The arrangements. ammonia, will provide the corpora­ effect of this is to limit the full Actual dismantling of these mills, tion with improved facilities for 10 per cent addition to hauls of 30 which are 20 to 35 years old, has not quicker deliveries and better service to 35 miles from the point of origin yet started but will begin in the near to the cotton growers of the Delta and all shipments moving to a great­ future. No 12 mill rolled beams, states. er distance will be at 1 cent over the former rate. On finished steel the rate from Pittsburgh to New York is 33 cents and will become All-Steel Tanker Entirely Fireproof 34 cents under the new tariff; from Pittsburgh to Baltimore it rises from 27 to 28 cents. Consumer Bears Increase On finished steel the consumer will bear the increase but in the case of a mill some distance from the basing point some absorption ■ Steel construction will be necessary, as usual. The in­ throughout makes the creased cost to a consumer on a tanker GULFWAVE en­ carloaod of 50,000 pounds will not tirely fireproof. Even exceed $5 for the 25 tons. berths, furniture and In pig iron the situation is con­ fittings in the officers' fused and additional transportation and crew’s quarters are costs are unequal, as between users steel. The tanker, of Michigan or Minnesota iron ore which was launched and between lake furnaces and recently at Bethlehem those located inland. Shipbuilding Corp.’s Michigan ore will pay 6 cents yards, Sparrows Point, more per ton for movement to up­ Md., is a 11,000-dead- per lake docks and an equal addi­ weight-ton craft, over­ tion for movement from lake dock all length 442 feet, to furnace. Minnesota ore pays no m olded breadth 64 feet, additional rate from mine to upper draft 27 feet, 6 inches. lake dock but will pay 6 cents ad­ Welding was used ex­ ditional for shipment to interior tensively. It will be furnaces. The result is that the used for coastwise runs higher cost of freight on iron ore between gulf ports and used in production of one ton of the eastern seaboard. Pig iron will vary from no increase Photo by Bethlehem to 24 cents per ton. Minnesota ore Steel Co. used by a lake furnace has no in­

November 1, 1937 the output per man employed, there­ by making higher wages possible. Tool Builders Review We are opposed to arbitrary in­ creases by legislative measures. Such increases are unsound—they cannot be maintained and only bene­ fit a few at the cost of other woi'k- Great National Issues ers not equally favored. They in­ evitably cause higher prices and decreased consumption.” CRE than 225 members and ment expenditures and the apparent M Another outstanding address was guests of the National Ma­ inability of the government to come that entitled “Man Power and Ma­ chine Tool Builders’ associa­ chine Tools,” in which A. C. Dane- tion, l’epresenting 84 member com­ kind, General Electric Co., Schenec­ panies, attended the thirty-sixth an­ tady, N. Y., discussed the much nual convention at the Homestead misunderstood subject of mechani­ hotel, Hot Springs, Va., Oct. 25-27. zation. In this meeting, perhaps to a more “Management’s responsibility, as a marked degree than in previous con­ result of the changed conception of ventions, emphasis was placed upon relationship between man-power and the broad economic problems con­ machine operation, has been to es­ fronting industry. The progi'am tablish an adequate and fair evalua­ dealt with important national issues, tion of the comparative skill re­ such as distribution of goods, em­ quired to operate each basic type ployment, training, federal regula­ of machine as expressed in hourly tion of business, man versus ma­ wages. In other words, the job or chines, trade practices, politics, for­ machine, and not the man’s skill has eign trade, preparedness. come to be evaluated,” said Mr. Typical of the discussions on Danekind. these subjects was an address “No wonder, then, that man-power "More Goods for More People,” by has slowly but steadily developed Clayton R. Burt, president of the as­ a different mental complex toward sociation and president and general H oward W. Dunbar his job than the highly skilled me­ manager of the Niles-Bement-Pond Heads National Machine Tool Builders’ association chanic of the slow, leisurely type, Co., Hartford, Conn. who took so much pride in the part “The great objective of our ma­ his all-around skill played in the chine tool industry, the objective parts he produced.” which all our engineers and design­ However, it was not until the de­ ers, executives and operators are appreciably near to a balanced pression and after that man-power striving to accomplish is the exten­ budget.” really became concerned, Mr. Dane- sion of that general well-being so Resulting higher taxes constitute kind pointed out. concisely expressed in the phrase a burden which hinders industry in ‘More Goods for More People,’ ” the production and distribution of Attitudes Have Changed declared Mr. Burt. more goods to more people. “The new conceptions of men as Industry Hampered “Rising labor costs, without com­ to their privileges and their respon­ mensurate increases in labor effici­ sibilities which have been a con­ Although this also is the avowed ency, likewise constitute a restric­ comitant of the New Deal in Wash­ aim of the national administration, tion on production . . . We are not ington, is the biggest single prob­ government has imposed serious re­ opposed to increased wages. We lem in management today. A true strictions upon industry which believe in so improving the effici­ inventory of man-power will reveal makes difficult the attainment of ency of the industry as to increase new and radically different attitudes that objective. The difficulty is, he pointed out, that the government as compared with those of but a has overlooked some important few years ago.” requisites, chiefly an understanding James A. Emery, general coun­ of the problems of industrial man­ Elected by National sel, National Association of Manu­ facturers, Washington, addressed agement. “As an example of misdirection on Machine Tool Builders the convention on “Federal Regula­ tion of Private Employment.” the part of the government, due to PRESIDENT a lack of comprehensive under­ Howard W. Dunbar, vice president, Nor­ In speaking on “The Business standing of industry’s financial ton Co., W orcester, Mass. Horizon,” Dr. Lewis Haney, New problems, I cite the undistributed FIRST VICE PRESIDENT York university, New York, analyzed profits tax . . . This particular legis­ Newton A. Woodworth, president, Ex- many factors contributing to the lation, if continued, will defeat the Cell-O Corp., Detroit present situation and fitted them into aims of the administration in several SECOND VICE PRESIDENT his belief that this nation still is Wendell E. Whipp, president, Monarch directions, not the least among them Machine Tool Co., Sidney, O. progressing infiation-ward. the stabilization of production and TREASURER Raymond Moley, editor of News employment, which is so vital to T. Heberton Doan, president, Foote-Burt W eek, who was to have talked on prosperity.” Co., Cleveland “The National Outlook,” was not Net result of the law, said Mr. GENERAL MANAGER able to be present on account of ill­ Burt, is to favor the expansion of Tell Berna ness. SECRETARY the large corporations at the ex­ Mrs. Frida F. Seibert Ralph E. Flanders, president, Jones & Lamson Machine Co., pense of the smaller ones, so essen­ ELECTED TO THE BOARD tial to national well-being. Henry W. Wendt, chairman of the board, Springfield, Vt., spoke on “The Main­ “Another matter of deep concern Buffalo Forj^e Co., Buffalo; Samuel F. tenance of Ethical Standards.” Newman, vice president, I>andis Ma­ to every American business man is chine Co., W'aynesboro, Pa., and Mr. A glimpse into the future of avia­ the constant increase in govern- Whipp. tion was presented by Igor Sikorsky,

32 /TEEL engineering director, Sikorsky Air­ Dr. Merica Awarded Eaton Service, Washington. After craft division of United Aircraft outlining the background of the Corp., Bridgeport, Conn. Mr. Si­ John Fritz Medal present conflict, Mr. Dickson con­ korsky presented an illustrated lec­ cluded that Japan will not annex ture in which he envisioned tremen­ H Dr. Paul Dyer Merica, director of China, but will set up local gov­ dous strides in transportation by research, International Nickel Co., ernments in certain sections with air. and vice president, International Chinese friendly to Japan in con­ In his report as general man­ Nickel Co. of Canada, has been trol. The speaker dwelt upon ager, Tell Berna described essential awarded the 1938 John Fritz Gold Japan’s financial situation and the features of the work of the associa­ Medal for “important contributions increasing difficulty Japan would tion during the past year. The to the development of alloys for in­ encounter in attempting to obtain treasurer’s report was presented by dustrial uses.” financial assistance from Western Henry C. Pierle, R. K. LeBlond Ma­ The award, highest of American powei’s. American manufacturers, chine Tool Co., Cincinnati. engineering honors, is made annual­ he declared, should consider the Prior to the installation of officers ly by a board representing the matter of credit in dealing with prin­ at the final session Wednesday, American Society of Civil Engineers, cipals in the Far Eastern situa­ Clayton R. Burt, retiring president, American Institute of Mining and tion. introduced A. C. Higgins, president Metallurgical Engineers, American Col. C. T. Harris, director of pro­ and general manager, Norton Co., Society of Mechanical Engineers curement planning, United States Worcester, Mass. Mr. Higgins war department, spoke briefly upon touched briefly upon the opportuni­ planning for the procurement of ma­ ties afforded by an efficient organi­ chine tools to meet requirements in zation of machine tool builders. time of national emergency. Howard W. Dunbar, vice president At the conclusion of the last ses­ of the Norton Co. and the incoming sion, President Dunbar announced president of the National Machine the appointment of the following Tool Builders’ association, was es­ committee chairmen: corted to the chair by R. K. LeBlond, Legislation, Ralph E. Flanders, president, R. K. LeBlond Machine president, Jones & Lamson Machine Tool Co., Cincinnati. Following Co., Springfield, Vt.; dealer relations, brief remarks by the outgoing and Henry C. Pierle, secretary and sales incoming presidents, Mr. Dunbar as­ manager, The R. K. LeBlond Ma­ sumed his duties, the first of which chine Tool Co., Cincinnati; deprecia­ was as presiding officer of the final tion reserves, Eugene C. Clarke, session of the convention. Chambersburg Engineering Co., Chambersburg, Pa.; co-operation Foreign Affairs Discussed with government departments, Wal­ An interesting feature of the pro­ ter W. Tangeman, vice president, gram was a discussion of foreign Cincinnati Milling Machine Co.; ap­ affairs. Mr. Burt described a re­ nr. P. D. Merica prenticeships and employment, Ev- cent visit to Russia, touching briefly erard Stubbs, factory manager, Fel­ upon examples of workmanship he lows Gear Shaper Co., Springfield, saw in a number of plants. He de­ and the American Institute of Elec­ Vt.; publicity, Clifford S. Stilwell, clared that the Russians are putting trical Engineers. vice president, Warner & Swasey much emphasis on jigs and fixtures, Dr. Merica’s research in theoret­ Co., Cleveland; and technical stand­ are building machine tools similar ical and practical metallurgy has in­ ards, F. O. Hoagland, master me­ to those built in Germany, England creased scientific knowledge in both chanic, Pratt & Whitney division, and the United States, and have de­ ferrous and nonferrous fields, the Niles-Bement-Pond Co., Hartford, veloped a high standard of work­ board’s citation points out. His Conn. manship on certain operations. work has covered the magnetic me­ Erik Oberg, editor of Machinery, chanical properties of steel railway Manufacturers’ Products material, failure of brass, the con­ New York, outlined impressions Exhibit Attracts 6000 gained in a recent visit in Sweden. stitution, manufacture and applica­ Practically all workmen belong to tion of light alloy of aluminum, ■ More than G000 visitors attended a union, he said, but similarly all heat treatment of cast aluminum al­ the Manufacturers’ Products exhibit employers belong to trade associa­ loys, the precipitation theory of held recently at the Lord Baltimore tions. Strong unions and strong hardening of metals, and nickel and hotel, Baltimore, sponsored by the trade associations negotiate for nickel alloys. He is a member of Purchasing Agents Association of agreements, which are mutually re­ many scientific societies. Baltimore. There were 108 exhibits. spected. Mr. Oberg stressed the Peter A. Frasse & Co. Inc., Phila­ point that these organizations are delphia was awarded the cup for voluntary and that there is no in­ of the Scandinavian countries. having the most artistic and decora­ clination to seek governmental aid James Blair, Alfred Herbert Ltd., tive booth and Willson Products Inc., or interest in the relations between Coventry, England, spoke briefly of Reading, Pa., which displayed indus­ employer and employe. He also the machine tool business from the trial safety equipment, received the spoke briefly of the retail co-op- British point of view. He stated cup for having the most informative eratives in Sweden. that the recent period of feverish de­ and instructive exhibition. Thorvald S. Ross, president, Rivett mand definitely came to an end some Honorable mention in these two Lathe & Grinder Inc., Boston, high- months ago and that the tool busi­ classes was received, respectively by spotted a recent trip which included ness in England and on the conti­ the Baltimore Health Department v>sits in Iceland, Denmark, Finland, nent now is on a more orderly basis. and L. A. Benson Co. Inc., Baltimore, Norway, Sweden, Esthonia, and oth- An analysis of the Chinese-Jap- distributor of mill and factory sup­ «r countries of northern Europe, and anese situation, particularly from plies. England and France. He empha­ the standpoint of American inter­ Frank H. Carter, Dietrich Bros. sized.. the sense o f security--which ests in the Orient, .was. presented IncL, was chairman of the exhibit seemed to prevail among the people by F. S. Dickson, secretary, Waley- committee.

November 1, 1937 33 weeks but bringing operations to the PRODUCTION lowest rate since July, 1935. While District Steel Rates a further curtailment is regarded as With lower operating rates in Percentage of Open-Hearth Ingot Ca­ not unlikely, schedules are believed nearly all centers the national op­ pacity Engaged in Leading Districts to be near bottom. Blast furnace erating rate last week was at 51 Week Same schedules are lower, 21 of 39 stacks- per cent of capacity, down 2 points ended week being active. from the preceding week. The rate 0ct.30 Change 1936 1935 Wheeling—Operations are down 8: of downward movement has slowed, Pittsburgh 41 —S 69 47 points to 62 per cent. Chicago ...... 44 —2 76 55 indicating approach to the bottom Eastern Pa.. . 43 —4 48 3S.5 New England—Off 40 points to ap­ the decline. Youngstown . 54 - 1 76 63 proximately 25 per cent, the lowest Central eastern seaboard—Down 4 Wheeling .... 62 —S 86 84 in several years. Ingot production points to 43 per cent, due to further Cleveland ... 59 —6 77 72 Buffalo ...... 51 —7 87 42 will move up slightly this week. reduction of activity by one of the Birm ingham . 64 None 61.5 58.5 leading interests. Several mills are New England 25 —40 75 70 Maritime Commission now operating only one or two fur­ Cincinnati .. . 70 +4 96 t D e tro it...... 90 —5 95 94 naces. St. Louis 51.6 None t t Sells Three More Ships Cleveland-Lorain Off 6 points to 59 per cent. National Tube Co. Average. .. . 51 _o 73 54.5 ■ United States maritime commis­ sion has accepted the bid of G. E. at Lorain had all 12 units melting, tNot reported. Republic Steel Corp., 5 and Otis Steel Marden of New York, a British sub­ Co., 6. Republic blew out its No. 3 ject, for three ships aggregating 24,- blast furnace Saturday. 657 tons, for $194,500. This com­ pletes sale of 25 obsolete steel cargo Youngstown, O. — Off to 54 per cent. Removal of one more blast vessels, tenders which were opened cent, a loss of 1 point, with 48 furnace during the week leaves 34 Oct. 20. The commission realized open hearths, two bessemers and opei’ating in the district. $1,185,611 for the 25 vessels. Ships 14 blast furnace operating. Car- Cincinnati—Operations gained 4 purchased by Mr. Marden will be negie-Illinois Steel Corp. will drop points to 70 per cent, but are due operated abroad and not in competi­ one unit at its Farrell plant, but this for a dip this week, as the schedule tion with the American merchant ma-v will be offset by resumption of an calls for reduction of active open rine. idle bessemer by Republic Steel hearths to 16. Corp. Birmingham, Ala.—Unchanged at Ministers Invited, Buffalo—Down 7 points to 51 per 64 per cent, with no immediate re­ cent. Bethlehem Steel Co. withdrew vision indicated. Fifteen open hearths Inspect Steel Mill three more open hearths from oper­ are active. ation during the week, leaving 16 of Detroit—Down 5 points to 90 per B South works of Carnegie-Illi- the company's 20 units active. cent, 19 of 21 open hearths continu­ nois Steel Corp., South Chicago, 111., St. Louis—Held at 51.6 per cent ing in production, with no likelihood was the scene of an unusual gather­ last week. of any sharp immediate recession. ing recently when 250 Chicago Pittsburgh—Open hearth opera­ Chicago—Declined 2 points to 44 ministers were guests of the corpo­ tions are down 8 points to 41 per per cent, the smallest drop in six ration at an inspection trip of the plant. Members of the Chicago Church Federation were invited to obtain first-hand information re­ 230-Ton Steel Ingot Cast in England garding steel mill practice and working conditions. The inspection covered bessemer and open-hearth departments, and blooming, slab, plate, structural and alloy bar mills.

Metal Export-Import Values in September

■ September exports of iron and steel semimanufactures were valued at $18,665,000; steel mill manufac­ tures at $5,191,000. Imports in Sep­ tember of iron and steel mill prod­ ucts were valued at $1,708,000; fer­ roalloys at $2,319,000; nonferrous metals at $17,268,000; nickel at $1,- 759,000 and tin at $13,794,000.

Record River Shipments

■ Carnegie-Ulinois Steel Corp., Pittsburgh, set a new record in September when it barged 33,300 tons of steel products to southern points by way of the MonongahPla, ■ Steel from four acid open-hearth furnaces was required for this 230-ton steel Ohio and Mississippi rivers. Dur­ ingot, the largest ever cast in England. It was produced recently by the English ing the same month it moved 1,14S,- Steel Corp. at its Vickers Works in Sheffield. Twenty-five feet long and 8 feet 000 tons of coal and coke on the 9 inches in diameter, it will be used for large forgings in connection with the three local rivers in the Pittsburgh government’s armament program district.

34 /TEEL arate from other activities, which Activities of Steel provides more space and allows for MEETINGS a wider range of facilities to better Users and Makers handle the increase in business. Lab­ PITTSBURGH OPEN HEARTH oratory facilities have also been MEN TO MEET NOV. 12 gi’eatly improved. Assets and good will of the Hutto ♦ First winter meeting of the Pitts­ Machine division of the Carbor­ Vacuum Systems Inc., 436 The Ar­ burgh section of the Open Hearth undum Co. have been sold to the cade, Cleveland, has been formed committee, American Institute of Micromatic Hone Corp., Detroit, and and has taken over assets of the Mining and Metallurgical Engineers, the Barnes Drill Co., Rockford, 111. Crescent Pump Co., Detroit, manu­ will be held Nov. 12 at the bureau Purchasers will subdivide the busi­ facturer of the roto-piston dry vacu­ of mines, Pittsburgh. The meeting ness, the Barnes company absorb­ um pump. Manufacturing space will start at 2 p. m. and will con­ ing that part relating to manufac­ has been taken in the Power build­ clude with a dinner at Hotel Schen- ture, sales and service of honing ing, Power avenue, Cleveland, where ley in the evening. R. C. Good, machines and gear lapping ma­ production will be carried on and metallurgical engineer, Electro Met­ chines, and the Micromatic Hone pumps serviced. The new company allurgical Co., Pittsburgh, is chair­ Corp. taking over the manufacture, will add to the range of sizes of man. sales and service of honing tools pumps using this principle and seek and tool replacement parts. to apply it to a larger range of ap­ WILL ADDRESS STANDARDS GROUP ANNUAL MEETING The Hutto plant is at 515 Lycaste plications. Louis H. Mesker is avenue, Detroit. Closed by a strike president, B. E. Hathaway and H. Frank B. Jewett, vice president, for the past five weeks, a settle­ W. Dosey vice presidents and W. L. American Telephone & Telegraph ment was reached and the plant re­ Holloway secretary. William A. Co., New York, will be guest speak­ opened Oct. 25 under the name and Hatcher, inventor of the Crescent er at the annual meeting of the management of Micromatic Hone pump, will head the engineering de­ American Standards association, As- Corp., Hutto division. partment as general consultant. tor hotel, New York, Dec. 1. The Kirke W. Connor will be chief address will be preceded by a lunch­ executive of the combined organiza­ eon and reports by the association’s tions relating to honing tool manu­ president, Dana D. Barnum, and facture. Steel Up 718 Feet ♦ chairman of the Standards council, F. M. Farmer. Board of directors Marmon-Herrington Co., maker of will hold a meeting in the afternoon. all-wheel drive motor vehicles, In­ dianapolis, has purchased the 16- GALVANIZERS HOLD THIRD acre tract o f land at Washington MEETING IN CINCINNATI and Harding streets, including the Third meeting of the Galvanizers modern factory buildings, of Duesen- committee, organized in 1936 under berg Inc., and will move from its sponsorship of the American Zinc present location in the old Nordyke- institute, will be held Nov. 16-18, Marmon plant to the new quarters. Netherland-Plaza hotel, Cincinnati. Considerable new equipment will be There will be three technical sessions purchased and the company plans to and two plant inspections, Newport be in full operation by Dec. 1. Rolling Mill Co., Newport, Ky., on ♦ the afternoon of Nov. 17, and Amer­ ican Rolling Mill Co., Middletown, Newport Rolling Mill Co., An­ O., morning of Nov. 18. drews Steel Co., and Globe Iron Roofing & Corrugating Co., of New­ Some 50 technical men, represent­ port, Ky., have established a per­ ing 17 or more galvanized sheet manent office in Cleveland, with S. producers, are expected to attend. A. Richardson as district sales repre­ sentative. Mr. Richardson will be located in the Auditorium building. ♦ Convention Calendar F. M. Young, president, Young Nov. 9-12—American Petroleum institute. Eighteenth annual meeting at Stevens Radiator Co., Racine, Wis., an­ hotel, Chicago. Lacey Walker, 50 West nounces a number of changes in its Fiftieth street, New York, is secretary. manufacturing facilities. Several Nov. 10-12—International Acetylene a s­ new departments, handling a large sociation. Thirty-eighth annual con­ vention at Tutvviler hotel, Birmingham, battery of press brakes, shearing Ala. H. F. Reinhard, 30 East Forty- equipment, electric welders and oth­ second street, New York, is secretary. er machinery for welding and ma­ Nov. 16-18—Galvanizers Committee of chining have been established. The American Zinc Institute. Third meet­ ing at Netherland-Plaza hotel, Cincin­ machine and sheet metal shops are nati. E. V. Gent, 60 E ast Forty-second now entirely self-contained and sep­ street, New York, is secretary-treas- urer. Nov. 17-18—N ational Founders associa­ tion. Forty-first annual meeting at B Section by section, KDKA’s new Waldorf-Astoria hotel, New York. J. M. Taylor, 29, South LaSalle street, vertical antenna was raised until it Chicago, is secretary. reached a height of 718 feet. The 32 Nov. 18-19—New England council. Thir­ triangular welded sections, only 5 teenth annual conference at Hotel feet wide, were bolted together, Statler, Boston. Howard C. Rice, 1032 Statler building, Boston, is secretary. supported by two sets of heavy guy Nov. 29-Dec. 1—American Society of Ag­ wires. The complete spire, located at ricultural Engineers. Winter meeting Saxonburg, Pa., near Pittsburgh, at Stevens hotel, Chicago. Raymond Olney, Saint Joseph, Mich., is secretary. weighs 60 tons, m ainly steel

35 November 1, 1937 is on an extended leave of absence due to illness. MEN of INDUSTRY ♦ Charles M. Schwab has been elect­ ed a director, Chicago Pneumatic Tool Co., New York, to fill the va­ C ARL W. MEYERS, assistant cancy caused by the death of Eugene district manager of the Central V. Thayer. Alloy district, Republic Steel Corp., ♦ Massillon, O., since 1934, has been Louis A. Almgren, formerly chief promoted to district manager, suc­ tool designer, Service Tool Die & ceeding E, A. Portz. The district in­ Mfg. Co., Chicago, has joined Tool cludes operations in Canton and Equipment Sales Co., Chicago, as Massillon, O. Mr. Portz, who has a sales engineer. been ill, is to be assigned home office ♦ duties as soon as his health permits. W. E. Buck, for 20 years metal­ Mr. Meyers became associated lurgist for Granite City Steel Co., with the Upper works of Carnegie Granite City, 111., has become metal­ Steel Co., Youngstown, in 1907 and lurgist of the sheet division, Con­ in 1918 went with the McDonald tinental Steel Corp., Kokomo, Ind. mill where he stayed until 1931, the ♦ last eight years as superintendent. L. H. Dunham, Cleveland district metallurgist, American Steel & Wire He then joined Republic as superin­ tendent of the rolling mill in Chi­ Co., has been transferred to Chi­ cago, and in 1933 was transferred cago as Chicago district metallur­ to Youngstown, O. Carl W. Meyers gist. Raleigh H. Barnes, formerly assistant to Mr. Dunham, has been Frank C. Farrell, assistant district promoted to Cleveland district met­ manager of the Warren, O., district, in Glasgow, Scotland, he started his allurgist. is being transferred to Massillon ♦ to succeed Mr. Meyers as assistant steel career in that city at the age George H. Corliss, advertising and district manager, while George W. of 12. He came to the United States sales promotion manager for the Putnam, superintendent of open in 1907 and became associated with Worth Steel Co., Coatesville, Pa., past four years for Lewis-Shepard hearths in Youngstown since 1933, Co., Boston, manufacturer of mate­ has been promoted to assistant dis­ now Midland Steel Co. In 1915 he joined United States Steel Corp., rials handling equipment, has been trict manager, Warren-Niles dis­ appointed regional manager for the trict, succeeding Mr. Farrell. then returned to Worth Steel Co. a year later. Mr. Evans joined company, with headquarters in Los Other changes in Republic per­ Angeles at 1401 Santa Fe avenue. sonnel follow: Jones N. Cahill, fo r­ Bourne-Fuller Co., Cleveland, in ♦ merly assistant superintendent of 1929 as general manager, and three open hearths at Youngstown, has years later became assistant man­ A. J. Ackerman has been appoint­ been promoted to superintendent of ager of the Canton district for Re­ ed development engineer for the en­ open hearths, succeeding Mr. Put­ public. gineering works division and the nam; H. J. Sweeney, formerly chief H. F. Marquardt, formerly super­ contracting division of Dravo Corp., metallurgist, has been made assist­ intendent of the finishing mills, Buf­ Pittsburgh. A graduate of the Uni­ ant superintendent of open hearths falo, has been appointed assistant versity of Wisconsin in electrical at Youngstown, and Howard J. Wei­ district manager, succeeding Mr. and civil engineering, he has been gel, heretofore assistant metallur­ Evans. J. L. Edwards, assistant su­ active in the design and construc­ gist, has been appointed metallurgist perintendent of the finishing mills tion of various types of dams and to succeed Mr. Sweeney. since 1934, has been promoted to hydraulic structures. For the last ♦ superintendent, to succeed Mr. Mar­ four years he has been head con­ Edward I. Evans, since 1934 assist­ quardt, and Charles DeZutter has struction plant engineer for the ant district manager for the Buffalo been named assistant superintendent Tennessee Valley Authority. district, Republic Steel Corp., has of finishing mills. ♦ been promoted to general superin­ ♦ Cassius F. Biggert, vice president tendent of the Gulfsteel district, with H. S. Schuler has been appointed in charge of International Harves­ headquarters in Gadsden, Ala. Born division manager of industry adver­ ter Co.’s iron and coal mines and tising, Westinghouse Electric & Mfg. Co., East Pittsburgh, Pa. Mr. Schuler formerly was associated > V i with the advertising agency of Ketchum, McLeod & Grove Inc., where he was an account executive. Other division advertising managers recently appointed are T. H. Cable and J. H. Thompson. ♦ J. L. Mauthe has been appointed general superintendent of Youngs­ town Sheet & Tube Co.’s Youngs­ town district plants. He will be in direct charge of the Campbell, Brier Hill and Hubbard plants. Mr. Mauthe has been with the company slightly over two years, becoming assistant general superintendent of the Camp­ bell plant in May, 1935. Edward I. Evans A. W. Smith, district manager, Cassius F. Biffffert

3

November 1, 1937 37 SECURITY HYATT

H y ATT Roller Bearings are built into steel mill These photographs show Hyatt equipment with the utmost security because they equipped tables being built re­

cently in the shop of the PENN­ protect vital working parts against shocks, wear SYLVANIA ENGINEERING and misalignment. Years of successful experience W ORKS for one of the large mills have proved that these dependable bearings help in the Pittsburgh district. extend equipment life and assure smoother, quieter, and more efficient operation with less care. Thus is Hyatt protection-— the result of correct bearing design, sound application, and precision manufacture by Hyatt engineers and craftsmen— generously contributing to greater production. Is there any further way we may serve you? Hyatt Bearings Division, General Motors Corporation, P. O. Box 476, Newark, New Jersey.

/TEEL DETROIT BY A. H. ALLEN ports indicate interest in new cars C HAINED to a slowly rotating Detroit Editor, STEEL is distressingly weak. For example, pedestal in the central lobby one dealer in a city about 60 miles of the General Motors build­ from Detroit who in past years has ing here, roped off from crowds and averaged 100 sales on the first day’s flanked by armed guards, reposed showing of new models this year tomobile business the past year. last week the historic Crown of the was able to sign up only 14. Andes, the multimillion-dollar bait Pass by the radio department of any of the larger advertising agen­ Practically all plants now in pro­ which Chevrolet is using to attract cies these days and you will duction have caught up on deliveries. attention of passersby to its new hear a conglomeration of tenors, One Detroit dealer said he could cars. sopranos, comedians and commer­ have any model in a customer’s Despite ugly rumors floating cial chatter being auditioned for hands within a few hours, whereas around that the crown was only a prospective programs. Copy-writers not so long ago a wait of a month "phony,” elaborate precautions were are racking their brains for new ad­ for delivery was not unusual. Re­ taken to protect the treasure. Con­ jectives to inject in printed cam­ ports were heard last week that two cealed machine guns, gas masks to paigns. of the largest plants in this district use in case an attempt was made to The industry has come sharply to were contemplating reduction from gas the guards, all of whom were realization of the necessity for in­ five to four days’ production. bristling with firearms, and other tensive merchandising. Scattered re­ Most frequently heard explanation dramatic effects appeared to be slightly on the hokum side, but at the same time heightened the inter­ est of the crowd. More Room for Driver Plan Intensive Sales Campaigns The crown, incidentally, contains 453 genuine emeralds with a total combined weight of 1521 carats, valued at something over $4,500,000. It was carved from a 100-pound block of pure Incan gold by 24 gold­ smiths who worked for six years at the job. It was fashioned in 1593 at Popayan, Colombia, South America, and passed through many a vicious battle and revolution until its sale last year to a Chicago syndicate which will dismantle it and sell the gems. Chevrolet is planning to take the crown on an exhibition tour to lead­ ing cities soon. Connection between a $5,000,000 crown and a 1938 auto­ mobile may seem a bit vague, but these days automobile sales depart­ ments are not overlooking any good bets in merchandising their product. Intensive merchandising cam­ paigns are being planned by all pro­ ducers. Records probably will be ■ Driver compartments in the 1938 Lincoln-Zephyrs have been enlarged. broken in use of newspaper space Transmission is located under the cowl, housing has been lowered and the and radio time to put across new gear-shift lever moved out of the way of driver and £ront-seat passengers. The cars. It has become apparent for new instrument panel, which also includes a closed grille to screen heater and the next 12 months it is going to be radio installations, is flanked by glove compartments. Controls are grouped a matter of concentrated selling and around the speedometer, with engine recording instruments arranged about not so much the routine signing of new orders which characterized au- the dial

November 1, 1937 39 about a year ahead, and are encour­ aged over prospects for extensive changes on models appearing a year from now in view of the scarcity of important revisions this year. The further possibility that 1938 models may not meet the ready reception fi’om the buying public which was anticipated might lead to moving ahead plans for 1939 by several months, with a resultant benefit to manufacturers of tools and dies. behind the dwindling public interest in new cars is, of course, the serious Automobile Production D REPORTS of a new alloy steel break in the stock market coupled mill in the Detroit district, summar­ with the uncertainties and fear Passenger Cars anti Trucks—United ized in a recent issue of S teel, now which it has generated. For another States and Canada center about a location on the St. thing, the so-called “cream” of pub­ By Department of Commerce Clair river, between St. Clair and lic buying power is considered to 1935 103(1 1937 Marine City. A few weeks ago, east­ have been skimmed in the past two .. 300,335 377,244 399,634 ern interests represented by T. R . . 350,346 300,810 383,698 years, and some feel the industry is Feb...... Murphy of New York, acquired a approaching the point where it is M arch. . . . 447,894 438,943 519,177 A pril. . . . . 477,059 527,625 553,415 374-acre site with 4442 feet of river going to require considerable culti­ . . 381,809 480,518 540,357 frontage, and a few days later a vation of the market to maintain June . . . . . 372,085 469,368 521,139 400-acre site adjacent to this prop­ the sales pace of recent months. Ju ly ___ . . 345,297 451,206 456,909 Aug...... 245,075 275,934 405,064 erty was acquired by eastern capital. Sept. . .. 92,728 139,820 175,620 It is understood a man long active ■ WITH formal introduction of the . . 3,012,628 3,461,468 3,955,013 in the alloy steel field proposes to Ford and Lincoln lines last week at Oct...... 280,316 230,049 ■>352.565 erect a new plant for electric melt­ the company’s metropolitan show­ Nov...... 408,550 405,799 418,317 518,958 ing and processing of alloy steel, rooms in New York, all the 1938 with initial capacity of 19,000 tons models have taken their bows. From Year. . .. . 4,119,811 4,616,274 monthly, capable of being expanded here out, the race is on in earnest. ultimately to 50,000 tons monthly. Estimated by Ward’s Automotive Keports Reception of the new Lincoln However, the present unsettle­ Zephyr around Detroit has been Week ended: Oct. 2 ...... 44,330 ment in the money market has de­ highly enthusiastic. The radical Oct. 9 ...... 71,958 ferred his plans. The location ap­ front end treatment, summarized in Oct. 16 ...... 89,680 pears none too favorable for a plant these columns several weeks ago, Oct. 23 ...... 91,905 which would depend upon scrap for is a distinctive touch which sets the Oct. 30 ...... 90,155 Week ending raw material, inasmuch as it is some car apart from anything now on Oct. 30 Oct. 23 70 miles from Detroit by road. the road. Fenders are larger, with General M otors...... 43,225 44,970 Steel purchases continue on a re­ deeper draws. Body and rear end Ford ...... 1,375 765 stricted basis throughout the auto­ lines are similar to last year. Chrysler ...... 27,77.) 27,675 motive industry, and it is apparent Use of hypoid gears in the rear All others ...... 15,780 18,495 •Estim ated purchasing officials are keeping a axle has not eliminated the tunnel weather eye on what the retail sales across the floorboards, but has cut picture is going to be. Steel inven­ it down by about 20 per cent. Gear­ tories are being worked off and shift lever has been removed from there is no disposition being shown the floor, now emerging from the pearance of the Lincoln Zephyr, al­ to buy ahead, especially in view of central pillar below the dash which though the grille is carried up to the fact mills now can give good de­ carries the radio speaker and heater the louvre line. Ford has managed liveries on most grades. units. A complicated series of twists to overcome the objection to the Such tight buying is interpreted is required in the lever to make con­ Zephyr that it looked “just like a by some observers as the forerunner nection with the transmission which big Ford,” and has also made a of pressure for a reduction in steel has been turned over on its side. sharp distinction between the stand­ prices, but so far no demands have Hydraulic tappet controls are touted ard and de luxe model appearance. appeared here for lower prices, the as a signal improvement contribut­ There is still plenty of ground for feeling being that buyers would not ing to engine quietness. belief Ford will introduce another order in any greater volume even if Minor difficulties have not been series of cars around the first of the they were offered concessions on overcome entirely at the Lincoln year, but it is entirely possible the prices. The policy is simply one of plant, and the weekly total is hold­ present business recession may closely fitting material requirements ing at around 300 jobs. Some of the change Ford’s plans completely on to production demands and holding show models revealed ragged edges this score. Mr. Ford’s quick decisions down stocks. under fenders which would indicate and sudden changes of mind are too With regard to the retail sales pic­ difficulties with trim dies. well known to make any definite ture, it seems evident production of De luxe and standard lines were statement of what is ahead at the a minimum of 250,000 cars was re­ announced by Ford last week, with Rouge plant worth much. eight body styles in the former and quired to stock the 40,000 dealers three in the latter. The standard is in the country, assuming an average supplied with either the 60 or 85- ■ TOOL and die shops have just of six or seven cars per outlet. Oc­ horsepower V-8 engine, while the about finished tail-end cleanups and tober production came pretty elose de luxe is equipped with the higher- duplicate dies, and are approaching to 350,000 cars, without any help power motor. Both are on 112-inch a slack season. However, they look from Ford. wheelbase. for a resumption of activity within Thus at the moment all dealers, De luxe models show entirely dif­ the next month or two as some of excepting Ford, are well stocked, ferent treatment of grille and front the preliminary work on 1939 and the immediate trend of produc­ end from the standard line and re­ models makes its appearance. tion will be determined by the pub­ semble to some extent the front ap- Die suppliers are always thinking lic’s ability and willingness to buy.

40 /•TEEL SPECIAL ALLOYS

CHAMP ALLOY NO. 49

Tensile Strength . 110.000 pounds per square Yield Point . . . 60.000 pounds per square Elongation ...... 15% in two in Brinell Hardness Recommended for slow speed—■heavy duty loads

CHAMP ALLOY NO. 9 9

Tensile Strength . 45,000 pounds per square inch Yield Point . . . 20,000 pounds per square inch E lon gation...... 15% in two inches Brinell H a rd n e s s ...... 120 Recommended for high speed applications at moderate to heavy loads

CHAMP ALLOYS

These alloys are giving very satisfactory service in steel mills for such parts as housing nuts, slippers, gears, pressure blocks, slab pusher nuts, etc. For longer lite, fewer shut-downs, and resulting lower costs, specify Cramp Alloys.

CRAMP BRASS & IRON FOUNDRIES CO. Paschall Station, Philadelphia, Pa. Gentlemen: Please send me free, postpaid, my copy of your new Reference Catalog for Engineering Purposes. CR.AMP ».A» ANK N am e...... T itle...... IRON FOUNMJESCO. Com pany...... Subsidiary of Baldwin Locomotive Works Paschall P. O. , Philadelphia, Pa. Street...... C ity...... S tate......

November 1, 1937 41 ♦Vie cleanest uSe

ï JLiiJ, Roebling Welding Wire is free of non-metallic impurities. It is a c le a n w ire... made from special weld­ ing wire sieel. This sieel is refined in special small open-hearih furnaces by Roebling's custom production methods. Available for electric or gas welding, in a variety of standard straight lengths and in coils.

Jo h n A . Roebling’s Sons C o ., T r e n t o n , N . J. Branches in Principal Cities

42 /TEEL WASHINGTON BY L. M. LAMM $85,000 had to be paid. This is HERE is much preliminary equivalent to 12% per cent of the T Washington Editor, STEM. talk in Washington regarding amount retained, and is a high the forthcoming special ses­ financing cost. The tax was char­ sion of congress and what it will acterized by the company as being take up. Of course, one o f the main in effect ‘a penalty on conservative dent has asked that a complete sur­ matters under discussion is the management and sound financing of vey be made of this situation and hours and wages bill. the business which must be done while no one admits that it is under All indications point to the fact to protect the investment of the way there is no doubt the depart­ shareholders.’ that industry did not furnish the ment of justice is hard at work on last congress with facts and figures “The surtax is having the effect it. of delaying expenditures for need­ dealing with the labor situation. There is much talk also regarding ed expansion and improvements, de­ There are many industries, like steel the tax situation. The President terring accumulation of sufficient and automobiles, for instance, which stated at a press conference last are of the opinion that they will not reserves and adversely affecting em­ week that the work of treasury ex­ ployment. The impossibility of de­ be hurt by this labor bill. They be­ perts on their tax study is proceed­ termining earnings and making divi­ lieve their present rates are above ing with as much dispatch as pos­ those which will be placed in the dend distributions before the end of sible. He believes that while their the year is also pointed out.” bill. information is not supposed to be It is reported here that Donald ready for the special session they TRADE COMMISSION SEEKS Richberg, who has been close to will be able to go before the house BROADER AUTHORITY this labor legislation, probably on and senate committees when they The first of the many govern­ behalf of the administration, is not begin their hearings on taxes. It at all in sympathy with the bill now ment annual reports has been is­ is expected that this will be early sued, that of the federal trade com­ pending in the house, but the fate in November. of the bill depends very much on mission. It makes two recommenda­ the attitude of the A. F. of L. May Modify Profits Tax tions to congress, one for a pro­ posed amendment to the trade com­ Some industrial leaders who come Some comfort was forthcoming mission act and the other to the to Washington occasionally have ex­ to industry last week in strong hints Clayton act, over which the commis­ pressed the opinion that this hours that administration leaders were sion also has jurisdiction. and wages bill may be defeated at looking with favor on some changes As far as its own law is con­ the coming session, but this is not in the undistributed profits tax. cerned the commission asks that the consensus of opinion. The United States chamber of section 5 be amended so as to de­ Seek New Antitrust Law commerce has been putting a lot of clare unlawful, not only “unfair work and effort into the tax situa­ methods of competition,” as the The feeling among those who tion and in that way has assem­ present law declares, but also “un­ know the southern situation is that bled a mass of material, especially fair or deceptive acts and practices.” the opposition of the South generally with regard to the workings of the Another suggestion deals with the to this bill is that it is more social surtax on corporate income. effectiveness of its own orders if no than economic. It will be hard to The chamber circularized many appeal is taken within 60 days. Both supplant the present measure but of the leading industrials in all lines of these items are taken care of in this does not mean that it will be in the country and without divulging a bill which has already passed the impossible. the name the national chamber has senate and which has been reported Another measure which will come the following to say about a north by the house committee on inter before the session probably is some west steel corporation: state commerce and is now on the house docket for action. proposed antitrust changes. It is “This company, one of the well said in well informed circles here established independent producers The other recommendation deals that the administration does not with about 2800 employes, had earn­ with section 7 of the Clayton act. know just what it wants, and it is ings in 1936 of approximately $2,- While this section now declares un­ a foregone conclusion that while 626,000. Because of the surtax it lawful the acquisition by one cor­ there may be much talk, that the paid larger dividends than it con­ poration of the capital stock of a trust laws will not be revamped sidered prudent, but retained $690,- competing corporation where cer­ and completed during the coming 000 to meet certain obligations and tain monopolistic tendencies and sessions. It will take longer than to provide additional working cap­ conditions may result, it does not that to get this law into proper ital made necessary by an increase purport to declare unlawful the ac­ form. It is known 'that the Presi- in business. A surtax of about quisition of physical assets where

November 1, 1937 43 similar tendencies and conditions men, take competitive examinations have increased to such an extent may result. The commission asks and spend one year in the service that the total imports of these items congress for action on this point. with expenses paid partly by the for the first eight months of this foundation and partly by their own year already exceed by 5000 tons JAPAN NEAR SUFFICIENCY college. At the completion of their the total imports for all of last year, IN FINISHED GOODS government work they go back to and Japan has been responsible for The far eastern survey, a non­ college .work. 4000 tons of this increase. In oth­ governmental publication, says that It is said that most of these men er words, the judge contends that in munitions and other types of fin­ are studying economics and it is felt “it may be truly said that our Amer­ ished goods "Japan has nearly at­ that if they get some practical ex­ ican fisheries are paying the pen­ tained the goal of self sufficiency,” perience they will be better pre­ alty for the exchange of “scrap for though her output of machinery, pared for their work. Several are in scrap to promote a scrap.” automobiles and aircraft lags behind the commerce department, with one demand and “she still relies upon each in the metals and minerals LABOR PEACE EFFORT FAILS imports for certain types of heavy division, and the machinery divi­ metalworking machinery and preci­ sion. Representatives of the CIO and sion instruments.” A. F. of L. who have been in ses­ AMERICAN MACHINE TOOLS sion for several days have reached China, on the other hand, the sur­ GAIN IN WORLD TRADE an impasse in their efforts to achieve vey states, “must depend on imports peace between the labor unions and for her heavy ordnance, trucks, rail­ Sales of American machine tools have adjourned to Nov. 4. way equipment, aircraft etc.” ; as in foreign markets this year have her 20 arsenals turn out chiefly continued at the record levels At the opening of the conference small arms. reached last year, and aggregate both sides were optimistic and they $24,368,000 for the first eight easily reached an agreement as to TRADE AGREEMENT WITH months, which is 96 per cent of the how to proceed. Everyone thought VENEZUELA IS SOUGHT total 1936 shipments valued at $25,- that something would develop to 266,000, according to Lewis M. Lind, reunite the labor interests. The state department announced chief of the machinery division of last week that the United States However, the CIO made a definite the department of commerce. government contemplates the nego­ proposal which would have made the Discussing machine tool exports tiation of a trade agreement with CIO the m ajor organization of the Mr. Lind said that “on the basis of Venezuela. No date for hearing has two and this seemed impossible of the January-August volume, sales yet been announced. acceptance by the A. F. of L. The for the entire year will reach ap­ The steel industry will undoubt­ latter made a counter proposal and proximately $36,600,000 an increase this was turned down by the Lewis edly be much interested in this pro­ of 45 per cent over 1936. posed agreement because many iron organization. “ Compared with last year,” he and steel items are exported to that said, "American machine tool build­ country. ers are obtaining a larger share of Forecast Increase in During the first eight months of the increased business in world mar­ this year there has been a consider­ kets this year than either German Last Quarter Carloadings able increase in our iron and steel or British producers. British ma­ exports to Venezuela. Among some chine tool exports during the first ■ Carloadings during the fourth of the leading items exported are: eight months were valued at $6,245,- quarter of 1937 will be 6.2 per cent Seamless casing and oil line pipe, 000 representing onlv 62 per cent of greater than in the corresponding structural shapes, sheets, tanks etc. the total of 1936, of $10,000,000. The period of 1936, estimate the re­ Figures available at the depart­ January-August German exports of gional shippers’ advisory boards in ment of commerce show that in 1929 ‘metal working’ machinery totaled listing anticipated requirements for our exports of iron and steel to $44,t>u0,000 and represents 87 per 29 principal commodities. The Venezuela amounted to 3.1 per cent cent, of last year’s sales valued at boards forecast 6,638,840 cars will be of all of our exports of those com­ $51,100,000.” required, compared to 6,248,684 in modities while this year, for the the final period of 1936. same period they equal only 1.9 per FISHERIES COMPLAIN OF JAPANESE COMPETITION Requirements for iron and steel cent of the total iron and steel ex­ will be 465,978 cars, against 437,832 ports, showing that there is a chance Anything goes now, apparently, to last year, an increase of 6.4 per cent. that the trade agreement may be catch the eye of the newspapers. Ore and concentrates will require able to help steel product exports if Judge William S. Snow, Washing­ 419,197 compared with 359,326, an that develops into one of the trad­ ton representative of the American increase of 16.7 per cent, according ing points. fisheries co-operative, is charging to the boards’ estimate. For the first eight months of this that American fisheries are being year, on the other hand, exports of compelled to witness a situation in iron and steel products to Venezuela the United States-Japanese trade World Tin Consumption increased 27,991 tons over similar which he says might aptly be termed exports for the same period of last “scrap for scrap to promote a Increases 9.1 Per Cent year. scrap.” In a statement to the press last 0 World apparent tin consumption COLLEGE MEN STUDY week Judge Snow pointed to the un­ in the 12 months ended in August GOVERNMENT FIRST HAND usually large exports of iron and totaled 175,580 gross tons, compared The national institute of public steel scrap from the United States with 160,950 tons in the year ended affairs is trying out something new and to a similar large import of August, 1936, an increase of 9.1 per in connection with the government. fish scrap and meal from Japan. cent. This institute, which is backed by He states that some 3,000,000 tons United States used 80,857 tons in the Rockefeller foundation, has of scrap iron and steel have been 1937, against 71,583 tons in the year placed some 30 graduates from col­ exported from this country during ending August, 1936, an increase leges throughout the country in va­ the first eight months of this year, of 13 per cent. United Kingdom’s rious branches of the government and of this amount about 2,000,000 consumption increased 18.5 per cent, service. tons went to Japan. Meanwhile, he Russia’s 37.1 per cent, and Japan’s They are appointed as $1 a year says, imports of fish scrap and meal 21.9 per cent.

44 / TEEL EDITORIAL

Progress in Metals Industry Has Origin in Scientific Research

T HE several thousand executives, engineers, metallurgists and technicians who attended and participated in the nineteenth National Metal congress and exposition in Atlantic City week before last could not help being impressed by the size and completeness to which this annual event has grown, and, thereby, its significance to metal producing and metalworking plants scattered throughout the United States and Canada. During the first five days, participating technical societies conducted 40 technical sessions at which approximately 110 papers were presented and dis­ cussed. At several periods, five and six sessions were held simultaneously. Although a considerable number of the papers dealt with the manufac­ ture, treatment, fabrication and service of metals available commercially and generally well known, perhaps half of the total number of papers reported research initiated, continued or completed during the past year.

Research Projects Noiv in the Laboratory Forecast Developments Which Will Be Commercial Shortly Appraisal of research projects active in laboratories indicates that in­ dustry is laying the groundwork for new materials and processes to become commercial a few years hence. All too frequently, one hears the comment that Metal congress papers tend too heavily toward the research or scientific type, to the detriment of practical problems. But let it be remembered that many of today’s accepted materials and procedures were objects of intensive research and investigation not so long ago. Proof of this situation was to be obtained by even a most casual examina­ tion of exhibits in the National Metal exposition in which about 230 manu­ facturers displayed their latest products. Consider that some types of tool steels, cemented carbides, stainless steels, alloy steels, low-alloy high-tensile steels, heat and corrosion-resisting alloys, heat treating methods, welding tech­ niques, just to mention a few items, have been introduced only recently and that for several years they were brain children of research laboratories.

America’s Dominant Position in Metals Attributed To Free Interchange of Research Information Scanning the comprehensive and voluminous mass of information con­ tained in Metal congress technical papers, one is amazed with the frank and open-minded attitude with which research and experimental data acquired at great cost by perhaps competing companies are revealed and interchanged. The rise of America’s metal industry to its dominant position can be attributed in no small part to this liberal and unselfish attitude. Technologi­ cally, the industry will continue its uninterrupted progress with its experts convening regularly and freely discussing their common problems.

November 1, 1937 45 STEEL’S INDEX OF ACTIVITY; L In Iron, Steel and Metal- working.____ T ______|_Industries-]-----1------I Based upon freight car loadings, electric power output JM I automobile assemblies (Cram's Reports) and steel- 1 ff/V "" wor^8 operating rate (STEEL). Average for 1926 ------1 — I I 1 equals 100. weighted as follows: Steel rate 40, j | | | and carloadings, power output and auto ------| | -----I ------assemblies each 20 .------r —

fHÂff iWïü IKftB M Wffii B^SW Esii i

STEEL’S index of activity declined 4 points to 97.8 in the week ending Oct. 23:

Week ending 1937 193C 1935 1934 1933 1932 1931 193« 113.8 92.6 71.5 61.4 74.2 44.6 67.4 86.2 110.3 97.9 77.0 60.3 71.6 44.9 67.3 88.5 108.5 94.0 77.3 55.1 70.3 45.2 66.5 87.4 104.8 87.5 70.9 53.5 65.5 45.4 65.3 79.0 94.3 83.1 70.1 58.7 69.1 44.9 60.9 85.0 Sept. 18 95.0 90.1 69.4 58.1 68.2 47.8 65.6 86.2 Sept. 25 93.0 86.2 68.5 89.3 66.9 48.0 65.2 83.8 Oct. 2 . . 96.0 89.0 73.3 54.7 67.4 47.7 62.4 '81.0 Oct. 9 . . 99.0 93.4 74.9 56.4 66.0 48.4 61.5 79.4 Oct. 16 . 101.8t 95.5 77.4 5S.2 60.9 48.7 57.9 77.5 Oct. 23 . 97.8* 97.1 82.4 56.3 58.0 48.7 58.2 78.8 •Preliminary. fRevlsed.

steel rate. As a result the index had mounted gradu­ Decline in Steel Rate Causes ally from a low of 93.0 in the week ending Sept. 25 to 101.8 in the week ending Oct. 16. Break in Activity Index However, the drop from 63 to 53 per cent in the steelworks operating rate in the week ending Oct. 23 was too much of a burden for the three other A S EXPECTED, Steel's index of activity has suc­ barometers in the index to support. Automobile out­ cumbed to the overpowering influence of the put climbed from 89,680 to 91,905 units, electric power steady decline in the rate of steelworks operations. output was 2,281,636,000 kilowatt hours and revenue Until the week ending Oct. 15, at which time the freight car loadings were about 790,000; yet these steel rate had descended to 63 per cent of capacity, relatively good showings were not sufficient to offset gains in automobile production and the comparatively the drop in steel. Consequently the index receded high levels of revenue freight car loadings and elec­ from 101.8 to 97.8. tric power output had been sufficient to more than This brings the index trend line perilously close to compensate for the losses in the heavily-weighted the 1936 curve.

Ter Cent 1937 1936 1935 1934 Ja n ...... 190.9 127.0 76.6 37.2 Feb...... 249.5 110.4 75.7 65.8 200 M arih. . . . 294.2 115.0 69.4 75.4 fi G A pril...... 208.3 134.0 113.2 67.9 w CL) May ...... 242.0 165.4 100.7 66.5 U U J u n e ...... 228.2 141.4 100.2 70.4 50.7 Vi 150 Ju ly ...... 204.0 159.6 94.0 0 0! Aug...... 257.5 144.8 113.0 43.1 P* Ph Sept...... 231.S 161.0 128.5 46.4 125 125 Oct...... 173.8 140.0 55.3 Nov...... 200.4 100.4 80.4 100 Dec...... 283.3 118.1 66.9 75

50 25 M m m s r

TTMMD

September Building Awards Show Sharp Decline; Below Year Ago

Three-Month Average Squ are J'V .e l jn:n 198« 1 985 J a n ... . 33.470.000 27,053,300 11,245,100 F eb ... . 29.94VJ.100 20.856,700 9,670.300 Mar. 41.5fi7.800 31,257,900 15,845,300 A pr... . 48,396,100 37,490,200 19,917,300 M ay.. . 40.287.900 36.362.100 22.276,200 June . 46,393,100 36,883,900 22,878,000 Ju ly .. . 45.812,600 38,762,500 21,565,900 Aur.. . 42.077,100 40,285,100 21,545,400 Sept. . . 32,364,300 35,448,000 21,365,700 O ct... 36,718,900 27,775,900 Nov. . 34,947,500 24,120,700 Dec.. 33,632,600 33,441,900

Commodity Price Index Shows Slight Loss on Sept. 1

1987 1980 1985 1984 Jan. 1 511.13 .$10.36 $9.49 $9.01 Feb. 1 1 1.23 10.02 9.78 9.26 Mar. 1 11.34 9.92 9.79 9 17 Apr. 1 11.81 9.85 9.66 9.16 May 1 11.51 9.8 L 9.79 9.14 June 1. . . . . 11.3.3 9.73 9.90 9.24 July 1. . . 11.27 9.85 9.84 9.32 Aug. 1. . . . . 11.19 10.14 9.91 8.48 Sept. 1. . . .. 10.96 10.19 10.00 9.45 Oct. 1. .. 10.27 10.17 9.27 Nov. 1. .. 10.22 10.28 9.29 Dec. 1. .. 10.78 10.40 9.49

Railroads Earn 1.77 Per Cent On Investment in August

1987 1980 1985 J a n .... $38.436,679 $35,728,532 $21,934,645 Feb.... 38.358.638 33,594,718 26,296,411 M arch. 69,379,328 35,205,513 38,129,871 A pril.. 47,807,447 41,493,455 34,708,718 May. .. 43,662,959 41,797,047 39,598,511 June . 58.939.875 50.312.580 34,102.703 July. .. 60,527,576 61,773,765 26,919,343 Aug. . . 50,307,881 64,680,717 42,156,706 Sept 70,166,026 57,349,265 Oct 89,851.409 75,454,501 Nov 72,410,571 54,224,290 Dec 70,519,601 46,020,695 Selective Hardening

Oxyacetylene

BY R. L. ROLF Metallurgical Engineer Lakeside Steel Improvement Co. Cleveland

sign may be helical, spiral, bevel or spur. If they are small they may be hardened by the spinning method, while on the large units progressive hardening may be used. Fig. 1—Set up used in torch hardening spur gears A typical set-up for spur gears is illustrated in Fig. 1. The twin torches heat and quench both sides E XTENSIVE commercial use of common practice among those not of the tooth simultaneously, reduc­ the oxyacetylene flame in the familiar to draw erroneous conclu­ ing time of operation and minimiz­ heat treating industry has sions as to its application for their ing tooth distortion. Varying the brought widespread attention as to particular problem. speed from slow at the start to a the possibilities of enlarging its Experience has shown that it is more rapid finish insures uniformity scope in the manufacturing field. far simpler to secure enlightenment of hardness and depth of penetra­ With rapid development in equip­ on these subjects by analysis of tion. ment design, there appears to be case histories than by any other During the early stages of torch no limit as to its application, and means of approach, and bearing hardening it was impossible to ob­ what only a short time past was this in mind, the following cases tain a uniform case depth on tap­ considered an impossibility is today are cited to illustrate how torch ered teeth. When the torches were of wide commercial importance. hardening may be applied with com­ adjusted to the large end the small Manufacturers are proposing new parative ease, lending itself to both section would show a shallow case, parts or are making plans to con­ quality and quantity production. as the torches moved only in one vert present designs for adapta­ Gears of all descriptions present plane and once adjusted for the tion to the process. In most in­ an ideal application. Size or shape heavy end of the tooth, the flame stances the cost is lower than that is no longer a problem. The de- and quench would be too far away of any other means of fabrication at the small end to permit proper and the rejections are negligible. heating and quenching, or when de­ With a new process, it is often Fig. 2—This large screw presented signed to follow tooth contour it a grave straightening problem

48 /TEEL With the

Flame

Fig. 3—Cross section of the nut and screw showing the small runout permissible

stock gave small additional life, but The torch monitor was mounted at not sufficient to warrant the large the open end and a guide with one increase in machining costs. Fab­ end attached to the monitor and the ricating from a medium carbon al­ other in the nut thread automati­ loy steel and flame-hardening would cally fed the torches through the would result in overheating the produce the necessary hardness and nut. In this manner, both screw small end. eliminate distortion, but this pre­ and nut were hardened to a Shore Today, with an arrangement such sented a new torch-hardening prob­ hardness of 8085 without scale or as illustrated in Fig. 4, the torches lem, for up to this time, work distortion, and this was the solution are contracted or expanded auto­ of this character had not been at­ to the problem. matically insuring the same rela­ tempted. Worm threads present a difficult tion between the work and the A simple but ingenious setup hardening problem, since the gradu­ flame at any position of the tooth. solved this problem. The screw ally increasing thickness of the lead, A leading manufacturer of heavy was mounted in chucks and rotated together with tooth form and depth, equipment found it was necessary by a variable speed drive; the moni­ add complications to an already to reduce wear on a large elevat­ tor carrying two small torches was complicated situation. ing screw and nut, which, due to mounted parallel to the screw. Co­ With proper head design and distortion and close tolerances, were ordinating the hoi'izontal travel of camming action, satisfactory hard­ machined from untreated material the monitor with the rotation of ening may be achieved. and left in that state. the screw permitted this unit to be Worms should be fabricated from The screw, shown in Fig. 2 be­ hardened uniformly for the entire the low carbon steels and carburized ing 9 inches in diameter and 10 length. and hardened. However there are feet long, presented a grave While the nut shown in Fig. 5 cases where this is not essential straightening problem as the per­ presented a problem of internal and a plain heat-treated worm will missible runout was very small, hardening, its similarity to the suffice. as may be evidenced from the cross screw made the solution compara­ In such instances, if the core sections of both nut and screw, tively simple. This component was strength is not important, flame shown in Fig. 3. mounted on rollers and driven from hardening may be substituted. For Machining from heat treated bar one end by a variable speed drive. several years the worm shown in

Fig. 4—This machine insures tHe proper re­ lation between flame and work in gear Hard­ ening Fig. 6 was machined from a chrome and this procedure would be ac­ machining made the cranks unsat­ vanadium steel of the SAE 6150 companied by the usual amount of isfactory for service because of dis­ grade and heat treated in the con­ scale and distortion. Being fabri­ tortion. ventional manner. While core cated from a carbon manganese Supporting the cranks as illus­ strength was not a prime factor, it steel of the analysis given below, trated and applying the torch to was essential that the threads be this presented an ideal flame hard­ the bearing surface, the hardness hard. The specification called for ening problem: of the desired portion was increased Rockwell 50-55C, which only per­ Carbon ...... 40- .50 to Rockwell 58 C without distor­ mitted a draw of 400 degrees Fahr. Manganese ...... 1.60-1.90 tion, leaving the rest of the assem­ after the quenching operation. Two P h osp h oru s...... 040 Maximum bly unchanged. keyways 180 degrees from each Sulphur ...... 050 Maximum For years designers of heavy other added considerably to the dis­ The spindle was mounted on roll­ equipment have sought for a safe tortion of the shanks, which could ers and the small end fastened in and economical method for hard­ not be drawn back to permit easy a chuck. A special head was de­ ening integral gears and shafts. straightening without reducing the signed to fit the curvature of the The sections were usually large hardness of the threads. The path and at the same time compen­ enough to give ample factor of straightening costs and the scrap sate for the difference in speed of safety without resorting to heat loss due to breakage during this rotation between the large and small treatment but there always existed operation were extremely high. diameters. By rotating the forg­ that problem of wear, which in the majority of instances was confined Makes Ideal Application ing, and permitting the torch to re­ main stationary, it was possible to to the gear teeth, but frequently With a change in analysis this meet the engineering requirements. parts were scrapped as the result made an ideal application for the of scored journals as well as scored acetylene flame. The specification The crank shown in Fig. 8 was or worn teeth. was modified to a lower carbon, cast with the gear integral, from Presents Complicated Problem S.A.E. 6130, to prevent checking, “Meehanite” and for all intended and the threads were hardened ex­ purposes this material was more The gear shown in Fig. 9 was cept for a distance of one inch from than satisfactory in the as cast selected as an illustration, not for either end, to Rockwell 5862, with­ state, except that the crankshaft its size and weight, but chiefly to out any distoi'tion either in the bearing was not sufficiently hard demonstrate the feasibility of torch worm threads or journals. for maximum service. hardening large heavy areas. The Engineers demanded that the ball If the assembly were treated to teeth were hardened in the usual socket on the spindle illustrated in a hardness satisfactory for the manner, but the 8-inch path on the Fig. 7 be hardened to Rockwell 50 bearing, the pieces could not be journals presented a more compli­ minimum. They further specified machined, and heat treating after cated problem. Using a 4% -inch that the parts be free of scale and torch head, the torches were ad­ distortion. To satisfy these require­ justed so that overlapping would ments by conventional methods Fig. 5 (bottom left)—Internal hard­ leave a narrow oblique soft path would have been impossible as it ening was accomplished on this about 1/64-inch wide along the hori­ would have necessitated the quench­ nut. Fig. 6 (top left)—Hard threads zontal plane, and a soft spiral path ing and drawing o f the socket end are required on this worm. Fig. 7 of equal size around the periphery. prior to a machining operation “Soft” in connection with the (bottom right) — Distortion-free with a resulting hardness under above is in reality a misnomer as hardness was a requirement oE the the specification. these areas are not soft as the word ball socket. Fig. 8 (bottom right) — If hardness was to be maintained, implies, but they are softer than then the heat treating would have Crankshaft bearing on this piece the abutting hardened areas and to follow the machining operation required greater hardness than the when checked with instruments remaining sections

50 /TEEL they did not show over lour points possibility of sufficient distortion observed considerable checking of on Shore reading below the hard­ which would have required a long the hardened surface, which he at­ ened sections. and expensive straightening opera­ tributed first to the flame and later Figs. 10 and 11 illustrate two tion or possibly the scrapping of one to the analysis of the material. types of sprockets which should af­ or more of the components. Considerable time was lost checking ford no manufacturing complica­ Designing a special head to ac­ these factors only to find that they tions. In both instances, the type commodate the radius, and mount­ had no bearing on the trouble at of service demanded only maximum ing the torch on a monitor running hand. hardness of the teeth, allowing the parallel to the raceway, these tracks On further investigation it was remaining portion to be in the as were hardened at the rate of 2 finally revealed that the parts had cast state. hours and 45 minutes each without been in service. By turning off the The most logical solution to the scale or distortion and at a cost quenching medium and slowly pass­ design shown in Fig. 10, would be far under that of any other meth­ ing the torch over the area to be selective hardening of the rim only. od of heat treatment. hardened, the parts were stress re­ With sound castings and proper Anneal Following Service lieved to a sufficient degree so that equipment under careful supervi­ no further complications arose dur­ sion this procedure is very satisfac­ It is important, that where parts ing the hardening operations. tory, but handled in the average have been previously hardened, or manner this method generally leads have been in operation, that they be to disaster as invariably the spokes annealed before hardening. An ex­ Lincoln Welding Awards separate from the rim. Heat treat­ cellent example of this was ob­ Arouse Wide Interest ing the entire casting is the prac­ served when attempting to flame tice most generally followed to harden forming dies. H Governors of 29 states have ex­ eliminate the breakage, but this has The manufacturer in this instance pressed interest in the $200,000 several disadvantages, such as the was behind schedule and decided prize award program of the James teeth warping out of plane with the to run off several hundred pieces on F. Lincoln arc welding foundation, hub, increased machining costs the soft dies to satisfy his cus­ Cleveland, trustees of the founda­ and difficulty of holding maximum tomer’s immediate needs and then tion were informed at a recent meet­ hardness because of machining re­ to remove the dies from the ma­ ing. These governors have co-oper- quirements. chine for hardening. This proce­ ated by bringing the award program dure is only logical and in all re­ to the attention of individuals and Long Raceways Hardened spects satisfactory, except in this departments of state governments Probably the longest progressive instance he failed to inform the as possible participants. operation so far undertaken was hardening room of the fact that The trustees also received in­ the hardening of raceways in tracks the dies had been in operation. formation that redesign studies foi- 9 inches x 4 inches x 30 feet, weigh­ While flame hardening, the operator arc welded construction are being ing approximately 3000 pounds each made of aircraft and automotive shown in Fig. 12. engines, railroad locomotives, naval These parts, machined from a Fig. 9 (top left)—This gear shows and commercial vessels and indus­ 0.40-0.50 carbon steel, required the how large heavy areas may be trial buildings as well as machine:; raceway hardened to a Rockwell torch hardened. Figs. 10 (top and industrial and domestic appli of 52-55C and at the same time right) and 11 (bottom left) show ances. The data being accumulated no distortion was permissible. Hard­ two types of sprockets, both re­ are expected to yield facts of great ening by the conventional process quiring maximum tooth hardness. importance. The award program, may have been possible providing the first activity of the foundation’s Fig. 12 (bottom right)—One of the an elaborate and expensive set of plan to encourage scientific progress quenching jigs were used, but even longest progressive hardening oper­ in electric welding, closes June 1, then there would have been the ations yet undertaken was on the 1938. raceways of tracks 30 feet long

November 1, 1937 51 General view o£ the Sperry flash welding unit in operation, showing locomotive used to supply steam, rack car, welder car and string of flat cars

rail, punctuated only by the insulat­ ed joints required for signal cir­ Flash Butt Welding of Rails cuits. The equipment employed in Sperry flash butt welding involves Lowers Track Maintenance a welding car, housing a specially constructed flash welding machine; a generator car, housing two turbo­ generators for supplying current C ONTINUING after experi­ sents the D & H new rail program ments of recent years have for 1937. for welding machine and auxiliary equipment; a steam locomotive for proved the practicability of Standard rails of 39-foot length welded rail, Delaware & Hudson rail­ supplying steam for the turbo-gen­ and 131-pound section are being flash erators; a rail-rack car for lining road is having welded into continu­ butt welded by Sperry Products up rail preparatory to movement ous lengths of a mile or more, 316,- Inc., New York, into lengths of ap­ into the welder car; and a series of 800 linear feet of rail—which repre- proximately 1000 feet on flat cars, then pulled out onto the road and distributed at points where they are Fillet grinder removes upset to be laid into track. When laid Train of flat cars loaded with metal below rail head and above in track, the long strings o f flash welded rails 970 feet long. These welded rail are joined together by base. This eliminates possibility lengths will be laid out on roadbed "closure” welds to give continuous of a fatigue fracture developing and themselves welded together when rails carry load into longer lengths

52 /TEEL bars and furniture, and combines the richness of real wood with the fire- resistance, strength and stability of steel. The new sheet material is avail­ able in sheets up to 3 x 8 feet, and with the steel reinforcement in Stress relieving fur­ gages from 30 to 18, permitting nace situated on first either great stiffness or sufficient flat car j following flexibility to form the sheets into the welding operation small radii and curves used in mod­ ern furniture and interior design. The sheets may be cut with metal- cutting tools, stamped, spot-welded, drilled and bent, without damage or separation, and when used for pan­ elled walls and partitions, may be installed without noticeable seams or joints. Thirty different American five flat cars on which are situated tially a two-part unit on a steel bed. and foreign woods are supplied as respectively a stress relieving oven One portion is rigidly fixed, while surface veneers, and fire-resistant and four grinders. the other is a movable platen which insulating cores are cemented to Attached to the above set-up is a supports the end of the rail which the steel backing to make one-piece train of flat cars, or open gondola is to be welded to the rails already partitions. cars, onto which lengths o f welded joined into one long string. Both Reasons for the durability of the rail are hauled by means of a winch fixed and movable portions of the material are found in the phenolic located at the rear of the train. welding machine are equipped with resin adhesive used for bonding, All operations are simultaneous, hydraulic clamps which grip the which is supplied by General Plas­ i.e.: while a weld is being made in rails, and with electric contact pads. tics Inc., North Tonawanda, N. Y. the welding machine, the weld pre­ Making the weld consists of three Boiling water tests of 12 hours and viously made is being stress re­ phases: (1) pre-heating (2) flash­ alternate four hour soaking and two lieved in the oven, and the four ing (3) pushup. The generator car hour baking cycles at 120 degrees welds made prior to this are being is a specially constructed steel box Fahr., repeated twenty times, do ground at the four grinding sta­ car which houses two steam turbo­ not affect either the bond or the sur­ tions. generators. The steam demand for face veneer, it is stated. Shrinkage, The first grinder, the gage grind­ the turbine driving the generators warping and cracking are thereby er, removes upset metal from the varies from 15,000 to 22,000 pounds eliminated, despite extreme humidity sides of the rail-head; the second, or per hour, with pressure at the tur­ or dryness. fillet, grinder removes upset metal bine nozzles between 175 and 200 from fillet beneath rail head and pounds per square inch. The weld fi’om portion immediately above requires approximately 6 minutes Refrigerated by Night base of rail—this removal of upset to make. metal reduces chance of any fatigue ■ With manufacture of a new com­ fracture developing at these points; Construction Material pressor arrangement that may be the third, intermediate, grinder re­ plugged into any ordinary power moves part of the upset metal from Made of Wood on Steel circuit, long-haul refrigerator trucks the rail head; the fourth, finishing, now have practically an unlimited grinder smooths off and contours B Wood veneers, backed up with touring range, according to recent the rail head at point of weld. and permanently cemented to a steel announcement of Kold-Hold Mfg. sheet, constitute a new product Co., Lansing, Mich. Forms Complete Cycle called Robertson Bonded Metal, just Using this method, a truck’s re­ Making the weld, stress relieving, announced by H. H. Robertson Co., frigeration is fully restored during a and grinding may, therefore, be 2000 Grant building, Pittsburgh. De­ night’s layover. The compressor is looked upon as a group o f opera­ veloped through the company’s fel­ easily mounted and is the logical tions forming a complete cycle. lowship at the Mellon Institute of arrangement for a truck that is Upon completion of each group of Industrial Research, the new prod­ away from the home garage for operations, the rail is hauled one uct is used for interior walls, ele­ more than a day at a time, say its rail’s length along the flat cars, vator cabs, air-conditioning cabinets, builders. thus permitting all operations to start afresh without moving from stations. When fully loaded (with approximately 12 strings of welded rail) the flat cars bearing welded rail are unhitched and the rail is transported to the site of laying. In order to unload a long string of rail from the flat cars, the end of Robertson Bonded the rail is attached, with a cable, Metal consists of to an anchorage on the ground; the steel in gages from train is then pulled from under the 30 to 18 covered with rail, and the rail is hauled from the wood veneer rear of the train. Welded rail is easily transported, conforming to curvature of track while on flat cars without necessity °f its being fastened down. Flash welding machine is essen­

November 1, 1937 53 tion, as shown in an accompanying companying illustrations show the New Auto Frame sketch. new springs and indicate how the Referring to this sketch, the great­ leaves are separated by the buttons. Is More Rigid er depth at point B in comparison Forward ends of the springs are with point A on the former design mounted in rubber and rubber bush­ NCREASE of 70 per cent in over­ has yielded increased rigidity. Ad­ ings are used in the spring shackles. I all toi’sional rigidity with an 18 ditional strength has been obtained One end of the bushing has a thick per cent reduction in weight is by “key” welding throughout the rubber flange, and a flange is formed claimed for the frame of the 1938 frames. Such welding, in contrast on the other end when the shackles Studebaker line, shown in accom­ to the ordinary type of welding panying illustrations. Key to the merely fuses two parts together, strength of the new frame is said incorporates a projection of one part to be the straight tie, without off­ extending through a slot in the oth­ set, of the center cross member er, with a weld at the junction. between the frame side members, Frame steel of the side mem­ bers is 11-gage on one model, 12- gage on another. Cross members are 13-gage, depth at their junction being 9% inches. Side members are 6'/i inches deep at the maximum depth.

Springs Redesigned For Improved Ride

EDESIGNED springing arrange­ R ment on the two junior 1938 Packard models—the six and the T " V EPRESSIONS in ends of leaves eight on 122 and 127-inch wheel­ are formed in the steel to bases respectively—is claimed to accommodate button inserts provide a much improved ride. Leaf /"'IROSS SECTION of new frame member (left), compared with are drawn up due to the fact that the old (right). Greater width and the bushing is longer than the use of “key” welding add to spring eye. This avoids any metal- strength to-metal contact in the shackles. As a part of the suspension sys­ eliminating twisting or crank action tem there is a lateral stabilizer as from the X-shape cross members, well as a roll control bar. The sta­ which carry only tension and com­ bilizer, rubber insulated, comprises pression loading. A quadruple over­ a steel tube extending from the lap and deep section at the center right rear spring pad to the end of of each member provides maximum a vertical bracket attached to the strength for such loading. O IDE view of rear leaf spring, left side rail. On larger models Analysis of stresses and torsion showing rubber and bronze there are two of these tubes, the requirements pointed the way to buttons inserted at ends of leaves second extending from the bracket unit section box members for the to give added flexibility to the right side rail. frame. The two U portions of the Two-way shock absorbers are so sections have been pulled together, mounted that on one the arm ex­ giving the effect of a one-piece sec- springs are used, but the static fric­ tends forward while on the other it tion between them is minimized by extends to the rear, thus supple­ cup-like depressions formed in the menting the resistance of the more TNCREASED torsional rigidity is ends of the leaves, in which are flexible springs against braking or provided by the new frame de­ placed buttons, some rubber and starting torque reaction of the rear sign (left) in comparison with the some oil-impregnated bronze. Ac­ axle. former type (right)

LINES OF FORCE LINES OF FORCE UNES OF FORCE U N ES,OF FORCE

STRESS DIAGRAM ÏTBESS DIAGRAM

54 /TEEL A l l standard Bethlehem Bolts and Nuts are regu­ larly packed in strong and sturdy cartons that will hold up, not tear, not split, even under rough handling. Each package is clearly identified by a bright, attractive label. Your stockroom will appreciate this— the clean appearance, the plain marking, the ruggedness. Here’s another point, too. Standard wood cases used for packaging these cartons of bolts and nuts are all of uniform width— are clearly marked on the end of the box. They stack into neat, solid piles; make it easier to estimate storage space required, easier to locate the size you want. Incidentals, perhaps, compared with the outstanding quality of the product itself. Nevertheless, these sturdy, clearly-marked, clean-looking cartons— the uniform, convenient size of boxes— are two more details that Bethlehem has considered as an aid to you.

Cases of uniform width stack neatly

November 1, 1937 55 HAS A BULLDOG’S GRIP Modern plants are geared for a rapid, smooth flow of work—but when delay takes hold it has a bulldog’s grip. Failure of materials to arrive for one operation may hold up a dozen operations that follow. Material- handling trucks must be equipped with power-units which are not subject to sudden failure. Often a single delay can run into more overhead than the whole purchase price of the power unit. That’s the main reason in the majority of the industrial trucks you will find steel-alkaline batteries. The power is smooth—quiet—fumeless— dependable. One charging gives them energy for a whole shift’s work —no time out for refueling. But the steel-alkaline battery must not be confused with ordinary bat­ teries. It is the invention of Thomas Edison, designed to overcome ordinary battery limitations. It is not subject to sudden failure—can be charged more rapidly —needs no repairs —costs less to maintain—lives 2 to 5 times longer. If you can afford delays—fine! But if you can’t afford delays, you’d better find out more about the Edison Steel-Alkaline Battery.

EDISON s , . „ „ BATTERY DIVISION OF THOMAS A. EDISON, INC., WEST ORANGE, NEW JERSEY

56 /TEEL Haulaway Trailers Transport

Large Part of Auto Production

R ECENT estimates have placed BY A. H. ALLEN dling Systems Incv Detroit, last year at 2,250,000 the number of new supplied several hundred of its cars driven away from automo­ Detroit Editor, STEEL streamlined haulaway trailers, each bile assembly plants last year, a carrying four cars, and at present large percentage of which was is busy assembling units ordered moved on truck-trailer equipment. to handle 1938 shipments. This year the total undoubtedly less hundreds of new trailers will These trailers are built up by will be higher. All of which means a be needed, and builders are now in welding and riveting and are prac­ brisk business has developed in the process of rushing them to com­ tically 100 per cent rolled steel. construction and maintenance of pletion. One popular design is a so-called special trailers used for this hauling One of the leading builders of this "streamline” model, shown in an work. In the past few years it has type of equipment, Mechanical Han- accompanying illustration, and is been necessary to make alterations built with tandem wheels in the to these trailers each year as new rear, total weight unloaded being model cars were introduced, because ■ Streamlining is now applied to 8000 pounds. Streamline contour is of changes in specifications. This haulaway trailers with pleasing provided by the smooth exterior year, however, in most cases trail­ effect, as shown here. The four- lines and by the curved plate sec­ ers used for 1937 models will accom­ car trailer is 33 feet long, weighs tions which are placed over the modate the 1938 models; neverthe- 8000 pounds, is all-steel c o n ­ crossbows and which furnish added stru ction

November 1, 1937 57 recently developed Huck rivets which can be drawn up cold from one side without any backup tool. Other rivets include larger sizes applied both hot and cold. Riveting work is facilitated by having all of the equipment placed on a specially-designed, four-wheeled, structural steel carriage which car­ ries a 15-foot swinging boom at its top on which rides a trolley carry­ ing a cable and hook reeled up against a spring. The riveting gun strength to the assembly as well as attaching to the trailer. An inter­ is suspended from this hook and a decorative touch. esting innovation on the axle unit the spring is of sufficient strength to This type of trailer is built up on is a flat tire indicator, attached to relieve the operator of most of the an adaptation of the assembly line each side, between the wheels. weight of the gun. On the carriage principle, with the various sub- Essentially a small mercury switch, is carried the oil reservoir and com­ assemblies being fabricated and fed this unit signals by buzzer or light pressor which supplies the hydraulic to a main assembly line where they in the driver’s compartment when­ power to the riveting guns. Electric are either riveted or welded to the ever a tire goes flat, since when cables and hoselines are of suffi­ structure. one wheel drops down from a de­ cient length to permit carrying the Most of the structure is formed flated tire, the switch is tilted and gun to practically any location on from sheet steel, although there are thus closes a circuit which flashes the trailer without the necessity of a few structural members. The five the signal. This is said to be the moving the carriage. streamline plates on each side are only means possible for a driver to cut from fiat material, using tem­ know at once when a trailer tire is Rivet Is Special Type plates for marking the proper shape, punctured while he in transit. The Huck rivet has been described on small rotary shears. After be­ Interesting feature of the assem­ in S teel (Dec. 23, 1935); it is a spe­ ing cut, they are rolled to the correct bly is the use of both welding and cial type of rivet with a long thread­ curvature on bending rolls and then riveting. Over 125 lineal feet of arc ed pin on one end for gripping in the pickled to insure a clean surface welding is required on each trailer, special type of gun used in the work. which will hold paint satisfactorily. while there are close to 800 rivets In one stroke of the gun the rivet These are the only parts of the of three types used to assemble the is pulled up tightly, the end swaged assembly which require pickling various sections, mainly the side and pin broken off in tension. Entire treatment. sheets. cycle takes less than one second. Use Brake and Shear Bulk of the rivets used are the Most of the subassemblies are of A press brake and a shear, shown in an accompanying illustration serve admirably for all cutting and bending operations on both rec­ tangular and curved sections. The two horizontal sections extending along the sides ai'e known as rub rails, and are formed on the brake from sheet stock. The lower rub rail is foi'med integrally with the curved bottom side sheet. The axle assembly comprises pipe and castings and is fitted up com­ pletely as a subassembly before

■ Interior view of trailer (left) showing toggle spring lifts for rear top section, loading skids in center and details of con­ struction. In the illustration above, the shear in foreground and press brake in background are used to cut and bend the hundreds of pieces required for various subassemblies. Stock and cut parts are shown in the foreground

58 /TEEL Look for the three most important money-saving mileage features when you have occasion to pur­ chase an electric motor . . . and your choice will invariably rest with Westinghouse. RIGID ONE- PIECE FRAMES protect motors against vibration, torque and strain, despite difficult applications. SEALED SLEEVE BEARINGS eliminate the biggest cause of motor wear—clean oil is sealed in , dust dirt are sealed o u t. DUAL-PROTECTED WINDINGS with taped end-turns guard against both e le c tric a l and m e c h a n ic a l damage. For complete information, call or write your nearest: WESTINGHOUSE OFFICE ELECTRICAL WHOLESALER INDUSTRIAL AGENT MOTOR DEALER Westinghouse Electric, East Pittsburgh, Pa. J 20319 Rigid One-Piece FRAMES Sealed-Sleeve BEARINGS Dual-Protected WINDINGS

November 1, 1937 59 the piece he was welding and pro­ ceed as before. Of course, with this arrangement, the entire trailer is still grounded, but by attaching the ground connection near the point of welding, current takes the short­ est path through the structure and there is now no difficulty with dam­ aged anvils in riveting guns. Cars Go On Track Reference to the illustration of the interior of the trailer will show the two toggle spring lifts which permit raising the rear section of the upper track on the trailer so that two cars can be driven into the lower compartment. When these cars are loaded the raised section is lowered into place, locked and cars driven onto the upper track. On the floor of the trailer are shown the four loading skids which hook onto the bracket castings at ■ Special type of carriage with the rear and give a track up which boom to carry riveting guns fa­ innovation is in the location of the cars may be driven. Since it was cilitates riveting operations. Gun grounds for the welders. Formerly necessary to have a strong material for Huck rivets is shown on floor of it was the practice to ground the for the skids to support the weight carriage. Operators are welding entire trailer upon which welders of a car and at the same time a forward streamline plate in posi­ were working. While this was sat­ light-weight material, the skids are tion, while at extreme rear an isfactory as far as welding was fabricated low-alloy high-tensile operator is welding one of the sub- concerned, it was found that rivet­ steel. Lower skids are 8 feet in assem blies ers were experiencing arcing be­ length; upper skids 12 feet. tween the rivet and the gun, with Over the skids and on the floor destructive effect upon the anvils of both upper and lower decks will of the guns. Since these anvils are (.Please turn to Page 127) welded construction, special jigs rather expensive, it was decided to make an effort to eliminate this arc­ having been designed to facilitate ing trouble, so ground cables were quick and accurate fitting together placed in the floor of the plant with of the component parts. With the ■ Maintenance cost on welding exception of the rivets already men­ a number of convenient outlets ar­ machines is practically eliminated tioned, assembly of the various ranged so that all a welder had to by placing them on catwalk over­ subparts into the final unit is do when starting to weld at a cer­ head where they cannot be bumped by arc welding, and in this tain point was to attach his ground or otherwise damaged. Operators connection an unusual setup has cable to the nearest outlet and to are welding upper treads to cross­ been devised for welding generators. bow s A large number of generators are used in the shop, and with the ex­ ception of three used for miscella­ neous work around the plant they are placed on catwalks suspended from the roofbeams of the plant, about 15 feet off the floor of the shop. There are two of these cat­ walks, with welders set on each, the location being selected so that leads from the generators descend to control panels serving two sepa­ rate bays of the shop. Cut Maintenance Cost The chief reason for placing the welders off the floor was an effort to cut down on maintenance costs which prior to the change amounted to some $28 per unit per year. Since the machines have been placed overhead, this maintenance figure has been cut to an estimated $1 per unit per year. Control panel for each welder is placed at floor level and from this point there is 100 feet of cable, ample to permit an operator to move about on the job. Another

60 /TEEL RADI A TUBE, the new two-high a series of alloy-steel tubes that hug roll-heater by Kemp of Baltimore the rolls and are fired from alternate cuts pre-heating costs, saves time for ends. Above, RADIATUBE is pre­ Eastern Rolling Mills. heating 30x5 4 rolls at Eastern. For complete details, address the Low-priced gas, premixed with air by C. M. Kemp Manufacturing Co., the Kemp Industrial Carburetor, 405 E. Oliver St., Baltimore, Md., burns to complete combustion within or Oliver Bldg., Pittsburg, Pa.

KEMP o I BALTIM ORE

November 1 , 1937 61 Development of Steam Generation From Gas Engine Exhaust

E VER since heavy-duty gas en­ BY T. A. LEWIS ance improved to such an extent gines found successful applica­ that the application was warranted. Combustion Engineer, Bethlehem Before the year was over, Bethle­ tion as prime movers in the Steel Co., Bethlehem, Pa. steel industry, no little amount of hem Steel Co. had equipped one of effort has been expended in de­ its gas engines at the Bethlehem, veloping a type of waste heat boiler Pa., plant with a waste-heat boiler for the efficient utilization of sen- unit which, except for slight delays sible heat in the exhaust gases. So in engine operations, has been in far as it is known, the first designs of waste heat boilers for this pur­ pose in the United States were made Left is a diagrammatic sketch of a in 1918, but not until 1935 had the waste heat boiler on a gas engine, WASTE HEAT BOILER while below is a flow sheet showing ON design developed to such a point N0.8 BETHLEHEM GA5EKI where the unit was reliable nor had, distribution of fuel throughout coincidentally, gas engine perform­ the p la n t

•FUEL DISTRIBUTION FLOW SHEET BETHLEHEM S T E E L CO. BET H LEH EM P L A N T -PURCHASED FUEL- IOO%-----H COKING COAL ■(■79.1% ■ ■ inmttiu ¿.sil sy-pwöTZ PURCRPOWER BSS — — 0.9% CO K E TOTAL 8.i U 50.9% m fM/UjSaLQCQ. 14.3% 0.7? L/GnT O/L VTCH 'OPENf/mrm OK ■ I COKE TO wm m & r c £ s m 0.7% 40% J* BLASTFURNACES I JALfSXU. fC£T,fm M $A 8-5% BLASTFCB I GAS I CONSUMED/N I 26.0% 1 BLAST FCES

STOVES

A-CENG/NFS 65% Fi?Ys,p/Ts,7TfA m tm \ m % MBMMM f t c -w m m m HFATEDtVATfR tVASTFHFATFÖR DISTR/8UT/0N

STEEL. Rejects reduced

9 3

Good reason for a change to J& Ł STEEL The scrap bins were too full. Rejects . . . and profits have increased. the right grade of steel to fit your totaled 14%. Jones & Laughlin Many other plants are similarly requirements. Steel was tried. Rejects were found profiting through adopting J&L as Standardize on J & L . . . for steel to run below 1% . . . a reduction of their steel source. They, too, get an d service. Get dependable manu­ 93% . . . and a change to J&L was extra advantages . . . fewer rejects facturing at low cost . . . and give immediately made. . . . extra savings . . . and more sales. your customers higher quality. See Results have been permanent The Jones & Laughlin Technical your Jones & Laughlin representa­ • • . production costs have dropped Staff is available to help you select tive . . . or write . . . today. J ones & Laughlin Steel Corporation PITTSBURGH. PENNSYLVANIA

MAKERS OF HIGH QUALITY IRON AND STEEL PRODUCTS SINCE 1850

J&L PRODUCTS: Hot Rolled Bars, Plates and Shapes • Lightweight Channels * Junior Beams • Bars for Concrete Reinforcement • Railroad Spikes and Tie Plates • Steel Piling • Hot and Cold Rolled Strip and Sheets • Flat Galvanized Sheets • Galvanized Roofing and Siding • Cold Finished Bars and Shapes • Wire Rods and Wire Products • Seamless & Welded Tubular Products - Tin Plate, Black Sheets and Manufacturing Ternes • Fabricated Structural Work • Coke By-Products

November 1, 1937 63 TABLE I Comparison of Heating Surfaces F. T. Boiler F. T. Boiler 2 Drum V. W.T.B. C.D.W.T. B. C.D.W.T. B. C.D.W.T. B. F. T. Econ. W. T. Econ. W. T. Econ. W. T. Econ. W. T. Econ. W. T. Econ. Boiler Econ. Boiler Econ. Boiler Econ. Boiler Econ. Boiler Econ. Boiler Econ. Tubes: N u m b e r...... 368 249 435 64 520 28S 528 192 216 72 200 60 Size ...... 2" 2'' 2" 2" 2" 2" 2" 2" 2" 2" 2" 2" Length ...... 19%' 13%' 17' 7' 14' 7% ' 11' 11' 7' 7' 7' 7' Total length ...... 7176' 3362' 7495' 448' 7280' 2160' 5808’ 2112' 1512' 504’ 1400' 420' Area (square feet): Dry side ...... 3280 1540 3385 1344 3800 1131 3040 1107 4536 1512 4200 1260 Total ...... 4820 4729 4931 4147 6048 5460 Wet side ...... 3746 1760 3850 205 3340 972 2660 970 692 231 641 192 Total ...... 5506 4055 4312 3630 923 833 Evap. lbs./lir./sq. ft.: 1—Dry side ...... 2.49 2.54 2.44 2.90 1.98 2.20 2—Wet side ...... 2.17 2.95 2.78 3.31 13.0 14.40 Overall Dimensions: Length ...... 43'—0" 38'—0" 31'—0" 16'—O'' 1 1 '—9" 10'—7" Width ...... 9'—0" 10’—0” 9'—0” 10'—0" 8'—0" 7'—8" Height ...... 18'—0" 16'—B" 23'—10" 23'—0" 2 1'—0" 20'—7" Floor area ...... 387 ft.1 380 f t.3 279 ft.J 160 f t.2 94 ft.» 84 ft.’ Gas Passage: Two pass Two pass Two pass Two pass Single pass Single pass Pressure drop ...... 3.7" H.O 6.0” H^O 6.4" H20 9.0" H20 4.0” H,.0 8.0" HoO

continuous service. So successful chart, it will be seen that waste tubes. Use of internal combustion was this installation that four com­ heat distribution represents 6.1 per engines in Europe antedated their plete units followed and, at the pres­ cent of the total, an amount that use in this country where the trend ent time, three additional installa­ influenced the application of waste has been toward units of greater tions are under construction. These heat boilers on these gas engines simplicity, at the expense of fuel waste-heat boilers, which are equip­ at the Bethlehem plant. economy. ped with economizers, are the first Application of a waste heat boiler The advantages of the turbine units of their kind to be used in to a gas engine is simpler, less cost­ over the reciprocating engine, and this country to recover waste heat ly, and more effective than to a its larger capacity per unit, led to from the exhaust of large gas en­ metallurgical furnace, because it a more general use of this type. gines and utilize it efficiently in obviates the necessity for auxiliary This trend is still in evidence as generating more steam for the steel equipment such as fans. No infiltra­ attention is being directed to larger plant. tion of air takes place as the boiler units. Despite the fact that the trend in is on the pressure side, and clean During the development period mill drives is toward complete elec­ gas and engine cylinder pulsations of these internal combustion en­ trification, normal steel plant op­ eliminate daily external cleaning of gines, much was learned by the erations still require a large supply pioneers who sought to improve the of steam. This and all other heat design, and likewise the operation. requirements, shown by means of Left is a temperature traverse This development period is still in the fuel distribution flow sheet, in­ chart, center chart shows heat ab­ evidence for attention is being di­ volve a large quantity of purchased sorption through boiler surfaces rected to larger size units. An il­ fuel in the form of electric power, and chart at right shows tempera­ lustration of this is furnished by oil and coal. By referring to this ture gradients of water and gas the following data for the first waste

S4J- EMGME WASTE HEATOO/LER HEATA&SORBED THROUGH BO/LER SURFACES H as GAS ENG/HE WASTEHEAT BOILER TEMPERA TUBE GRAD/EHTS

64 /TEEL heat boiler on engine No. 8, installed in 1935: TABLE II Hours operated ...... 7803 Per cent of time operated... 89.2 Heat Balance of 4000-Kilowatt Gas Engine and Boiler Average K.W. generated/hr. 3480 Average boiler horsepower M BTU Per cent 1 —Net power generation ...... 12,683 27 16 /h r...... 398 2—Steam generation ...... 13,983 29^94 Average pounds of steam 3—Loss to cooling w ater ...... 12,040 25.78 4—Loss to boiler blowdown ...... 913 19 5 /K.W. hr...... 3.45 5—Loss to sensible heat In stack g as...... 4,691 10.04 6—Loss to CO In stack gas ...... 0 00 During this period the engine op­ 7—Radiation and unaccounted tor ...... 2,398 5.13 eration was handicapped by lack of gas due to curtailed plant op­ 46,708 100.00 erations. Under normal conditions HEAT BALANCE OF BOILER this unit operates on a 96 per cent 1—Steam generation ...... 13,983 70.51 2—Loss to blowdown ...... 913 4.6O basis. The first two scavenged and 3—Loss to sensible heat in stack g a s ...... 4,691 23 66 supercharged gas engine blowers op­ 4—Radiation and unaccounted for ...... 243 1.23 erated 98.5 per cent during their 19,830 100.00 first 2 years of service; in their ENGINE HEAT BALANCE ninth year these are still as re­ 1—Net power generation ...... 12,683 47.18 liable as during the start of op­ 2—Loss to cooling w a t e r ...... 12,040 44.80 eration. 3—Radiation, mechanical and electrical losses...... 2,155 8.02 The improvement in the mechan­ 26,878 100.00 ical operation of the gas engine led

MODERN H/QHPRESSURESTEAM J7AT/ON Hr. 500-ton furnace will supply about BETHLEHEM QAS EHG//VE POtVEG STAT/ON 2,000,000 cubic feet of gas per hour TOTAL HEAT RECOVERY above its own requirements. The V2i2%-1 \r—5 m - steam load in steel plants with power units is very high, and the Graphic com­ natural procedure is, therefore, to parison between use this gas for boiler purposes. steam turbine However, with increasing fuel prices and gas driven the tendency is to use blast furnace electric engine on gas in gas engines and metallurgical heat recovery furnaces before using it under boil­ ers. Waste heat boilers should be applied to all large gas engines and to metallurgical furnaces if the re-

,~-mo%mn/mrr—-| \—/ao.o%nxnmrr—~-1 to the development of a satisfactory type of waste heat boiler. The Euro­ pean practice was to use fire tube boilers and economizers. This con­ tributed to lower installation costs, and was in line with boiler develop­ ment of the time. At Bethlehem it was first thought to install fire tubular boilers and Summary sheet economizers according to established showing plant practice. As clean flue gases con­ performance for tribute to satisfactory operation a steam and binary final flue gas temperature of 350 cycles degrees Fahr. and a feed water tem­ perature of 200 degrees Fahr. were decided upon. By so doing the use °f the fire tube economizer was eliminated. Following the results ob­ tained, a comprehensive study was made of various types of boilers. Due to the low calorific value of blast furnace gas, steel plants have been slow to utilize it for other than stove and boiler purposes. A

November 1, 1937 65 TABLE III Comparison of Waste Heat Boiler With Modern Steam Units Actual Operation Theoretical Steam Blast Furnace Gas Turbo Unit Unit Engine Unit 275 lbs., 615° Temp. 1250 lbs., 880° Temp. Totals Totals Totals General Plant Requirements: Total Iron produced (tons) ...... 50,000 50,000 50,000 Power generated (KWH) ...... 14,000,000 14,000,000 14,000,000 Steam required for process (lbs.) ...... 62,600,000 62,600,000 62,600,000 Gas Engine Set-up: Total waste heat steam (lbs.) ...... 62,600,000 Blast fur. gas required (100 BTU/sq. ft.) per KW generated 126 1,764,000,000 Per ton of iron blown ...... 13500 675,000,000 Turbo Set-up: Required for turbo Generators: Pounds steanvKWII ...... 13 181,054,000 11.87 166,000,000 Cubic feet blast furnace gas/KW H ...... 206 2,880,000,000 201 2,820,000,000 Per cent bled at 160 lbs. for plant process ...... 38 63,000,000 Required for turbo blowers: Pounds steam /ton iron ...... 1291 64,530,000 935 46,700,000 Cubic feet gas/ton Iron ...... 20570 1,027,000,000 16000 800,000,000 Total steam generated ...... 62,600,000 ___ 308,184,000 212,750,000 Steam generated for process ...... ---- 62,600,000 Cubic feet gas required/pound s te a m ...... 15.9 993,000,000 Per cent total heat input received by electric power and process steam unit ...... 59.7 26.2 ...... 45.0 Total blast furnace gas required ...... 100% 2,439,000,000 201% 4,900,000,000 148.5% 3,620,000,000 Bituminous coal equivalent in tons ...... 8,060 16,200 12,000 Loss per year @ $5/ton of coal equivalent ...... 5489,800 5236,400

turn might warrant the installation. sible to build up a draft loss of tive feed water heating, steam re­ The amount of steam which can about 4 inches of water or higher heating and extraction of heat from be generated in a waste heat boiler through the boiler. the flue gas by means of economiz­ when supplied with a definite quan­ The flue gases enter the waste ers and air preheaters. These sys­ tity of gas at a given temperature heat boiler at 1200 degrees Fahr. tems have high steam pressures depends on the size of the boiler and leave at 350 degrees. Further and temperatures. In addition there and the allowable draft loss. In prac­ recovery, in the form of hot water, are the binary cycles, mercury- tice, the theoretical limit of recov­ can be made from this flue tem­ steam, diphenyloxide-steam, zinc- ery is the heat in the gases between perature, but local conditions de­ ammonium chloride, and aluminum the temperature at which they leave termine whether such recovery is bromide; of these the mercury- the engine and the temperature of justifiable. steam is probably the best known saturated steam at the desired op­ Much progress in power plant in this country. erating pressure, or the tempera­ economy has been made during the All these highly improved power ture of the feed water if economiz­ past ten years. This has principally schemes are excellent, but with ers are provided. It is not practica­ been accomplished by resorting to their complications the simpler gas ble, however, to build a boiler that various combinations of regenera- engine and waste heat boiler com­ even closely approaches this con­ bination is more advantageous with dition, but it is economically feasible a load of the type found in the steel to design a boiler with an efficiency This chart shows graphically the industry. up to 70 per cent if it is permis­ perform an ce o£ a waste heat As an illustration, a comparison boiler unit has been made between the pres­ ent operating gas engine units, equipped with waste heat boilers, 0CE5TANÜ ujutw ü ------ÊNSÎNE and a relatively good turbine op­ erating in a mid-western steel plant,

■ b and with a unit of unusually high efficiency such as can be obtained in a turbine with 1250 pounds steam pressure and 880 degrees tempera­ ture...... P O W E R 6 0 ^ * 1 I* ______Summarizing, in steel plant op­ eration, the Bethlehem gas engine " E N 6 I N E that has been in operation for the * past 20 years, but completely reno­ § / 0 vated, has been able to compete 3QW0 * 0 P£t ÏFORKfANC£ C with the modern turbine units. Fur­ GAS £A/6/ VE—WASTEHEAT BOJlEft UN/T thermore, application of waste heat £ boilers has reduced operating cost * to the extent where such a combi­ m o nation is the only logical one. As

v ______the size of the gas engine increases, per km (enbinf) g the advantage becomes still greater. “ 4.0 I Compared with a turbine station, 11 «(J — ------WERGBi) #227 the gas engine-waste heat boiler d û ------TTEAM PER KWr~ system requires only half the amount of fuel, for the same power 2 0 O / a 2W 3CX 4CCD 3XD 5500 output, releasing the remaining /YETKW. DELIVERED AT SWITCH BOARD half for metallurgical furnaces.

November 1, 1937 67 What Does Future Hold for Cadmium

In Electroplating Industry?

W HAT is the future of cad­ velop a market for it. Experiments sisted tarnish far better than zinc. mium? This question has developed the fact that cadmium For many years the electroplat­ been bothering both pro­ constituted an excellent coating for ing industry was almost the sole ducers and consumers for the past steel and its use gradually increased. consumer of cadmium and the de­ several years with no immediate Its protective properties are almost mand was not sufficient to cause answer in sight. identical with those of zinc and any unusual fluctuations in price. The situation today is in strong though it was, even then, more ex­ The automobile industry, among conti'ast to that prevailing some 25 pensive than zinc, it had a great others, adopted cadmium for parts years ago when two or three pro­ advantage in the fact that it present­ requiring a rust-proof finish which ducers of the then practically un­ ed a better appearance than zinc would not tarnish. Such parts as noticed metal raised a fund to de­ plated by current processes and re­ tire rims, bolts and nuts on wheels and other visible parts were among those protected with this finish. No Paint Wasted Here Production Limit Readied Use of the metal grew until in 1919 production of cadmium reached a total of 100,000 pounds. This figure was eclipsed in 1927 when produc­ tion reached 1,074,000 pounds and even more by 1930 when the amount was 2,777,000 pounds. In 1935 production reached 3,477,091 pounds and in 1936 3,633,495. Produc­ tion in 1937 may exceed 4,000,000 pounds but metal men declare this to be the absolute limit. The reason is simple. There is no such thing as a cadmium deposit. The metal is obtained principally as a by-product in the production of both distilled and electrolytic zinc. It is also derived from the flue dust of copper and lead smelters and through the purification of zinc sulphate solutions in the manufac­ ■ Fireproof, safety spray booth is used at the Pontiac plant, Pontiac, Mich., ture of lithopone. A process also for spraying completed engines. The power plants pass through the booth has been developed for removing on a roller conveyor in front of which the spray operator stands. A curtain of cadmium and other metals from water falls down the wall behind the conveyor line, catching, trapping and zinc ore by adding a cheap chloride carrying away all flying paint which is then easily reclaimed to the roasted concentrates and s u d -

68 /TEEL jecting the mixture to further roast­ protection on iron and steel. For out­ plating requirements would take up ing which volatilizes the cadmium door industrial exposure heavier the slack because of the inroads and other contaminating metals as cadmium coatings than zinc must made by bright zinc processes. chlorides. Cadmium is removed by be used to realize equivalent corro­ What the reaction in plating further treatment. Thus it becomes sion protection. Cadmium is some­ circles might be if cadmium dropped appai'ent that cadmium production what softer than zinc although both to its former low of 65 cents is diffi­ is dependent upon demand for other of these metals are too soft for use cult to say. Its former advantage of metals. where wear l'esistance is much of a brightness and resistance to tarnish Cadmium sold for $2.50 per pound factor. With the appearance fac­ has been overcome completely. In 25 years ago, since production was tor solved, cadmium appears to be fact tests indicate that bright zinc practically negligible and consump­ well on the road toward losing the is even superior to cadmium in these tion was equally unimportant. By electroplating market to zinc. While respects and is more resistant to 1932, the quoted price had dropped this is not a serious matter to cad­ corrosion. The low cost of zinc to 55 cents and sales were reported mium producers at the moment the seem to clinch the argument,' for as low as 35 cents. Today cadmium future does not look so bright in competition in that respect is out of is bought, not sold. Consumers are view of recent developments. the question for cadmium. eager to pick up every available Use in Bearings Waning One factor may prove significant pound at prices ranging from $1.60 in the future of cadmium. Experi­ up to as high as $2 per pound. Do­ Ford today is the only user of ment has shown that a coating of mestic producers generally are cadmium bearings. Pontiac went 10 per cent cadmium and 90 per cent quoted at $1.60 although some con­ back to tin-base bearings a couple zinc resists corrosion in industrial sumers are fortunate enough to be of years ago and Graham is report­ atmospheres better than either coat­ covered at 30 to 40 cents a pound ed going to the same material for ing alone. Whether or not the use less. Imported metal brings from its 1938 models. Ford so far, appar­ of such a coating will increase to $1.85 to $2. ently, has not found a satisfactory the point where it would compensate As is well known this spectacular substitute for cadmium since bear­ for the possible loss of the automo­ increase in production and prices is ings of this metal are particularly tive bearing market is a matter for directly traceable to the adoption adapted to its high-speed V-eight speculation. of cadmium-base bearings by the au­ motor. Characteristics of this motor, The most significant feature of tomobile industry. Ford went to it is said, are such that babbitt will the whole situation is that the “sub­ steel-backed bearings about three not stand up and copper-lead pro­ stitute” (bright zinc) coating was years ago with a wearing surface duces too much wear on the crank­ suddenly found to be superior or at 97 per cent cadmium and 3 per cent shaft. least equal to the high cost “orig­ nickel. Pontiac developed a cad­ Fox'd thus remains the dominant inal" (cadmium) which forced its mium-silver bearing and Graham factor in the cadmium market. development (S teel, 6/21/37, p. 66). found cadmium-base bearings were Monthly requirements are said to If chemists could do this, it is in­ particularly adaptable to its super­ run close to 80,000 pounds which teresting to speculate what they charged models. Others probably means that this single consumer is may develop next. What is the fu­ would have followed suit but for ris­ accounting for nearly one-third of ture of tungsten and other metals ing prices and shortage of supplies. total domestic production. If Ford in the electroplating field? What With the development of this new should develop a substitute, it is effect will they have upon the demand for cadmium, small lot pur­ doubted in metal circles whether metals used now? chasers like the electroplaters sud­ denly found themselves behind the eight ball. The demand for cad­ Stainless Steel Combines Utility with Beauty mium finishes had been created dur­ ing the low price era and even though some purchasers were will­ ing to pay the increased cost, the ■ Stainless steel con­ supply was too short to fill the de­ tinues to invade new mand. Something had to be done— fields. Steelsmiths, and that quickly. Inc., Meriden, Conn. Zinc Processes Improved has introduced a line of stainless steel ware Many former consumers of cad­ attractively designed mium were forced to turn to zinc to serve both as a even though it did not come up to appearance requirements at the cooking utensil and time. Quickly sensing the opportun­ serving dish. Sizzling ity presented by this condition there hot foods can be was a rush among manufacturers brought directly to of plating supplies to develop a sat­ the table from the isfactory bright zinc process. Re­ oven and kept hot for sults at first were disappointing and appreciable lengths even created prejudice against of time. Hot water bright zinc processes, but improve­ and soap keeps these ment has been steady until today utensils bright and zinc can be deposited so that it clean and service life rivals nickel in brilliance and resists is very long. Heat tarnish as- well as, if not better proof, plastic trays than, cadmium. Cost figures are so far below those of cadmium that carrying designs competition appears out of the ques­ which harmonize tion. with the dishes are For indoor use cadmium and zinc furnished with this coatings of equal weight are about °n a par with respect to corrosion

November 1, 1937 69 Where was YOUR producl when the Cash Register

Did it go out with the Customer or back on the shelf?

C OST, design, and appearance are the impor­ own product at worth while savings through the use tant factors that lead customers into buying of American Quality Cold Rolled Strip Steel. Our some manufactured products and rejecting others. sales representatives will be glad to offer you as­ Products fabricated from American Quality Cold sistance in the application of cold rolled strip steel Rolled Strip Steel have the smooth eye-appealing to your needs.

finish that helps move merchandise oft' the dealers’ American Quality Cold Rolled Strip Steel is uni­ shelves and counters. It helps keep prices within formly rolled from the finest materials. It is made the range of your customers’ pocketbooks, too. For in a complete range of widths, edges, tempers and its cost is much lower than some of the more ex­ finishes and is available in coils or in cut lengths pensive metals. The ease with which it can be fab­ according to your requirements. An investigation ricated will reduce your rejections and wasted of the advantages and economies in the use of cold metal to a minimum. rolled strip steel may help you improve your prod­ i a ä i Perhaps you can find a means for improving your ucts and reduce your manufacturing costs. U-s-s AMERICAN QUALITY COLD ROLLED STRIP STEEL AMERICAN STEEL & WIRE COMPANY C/e: eland, Chicago and New York

COLUMBIA STEEL COMPANY, Snn Fr.ncisco UNITED STATES STEEL PRODUCTS CO., New York Pacific Coast Distributors Export Distributors

1. Whethcr you °rder American Quality Cold Rolled Strip Steel a few coils at a time or in carload lots you are sure of getting the same high quality. Every coil of our Cold Rolled Strip Steel is subjected to rigid laboratory examinations to prove that its quality is all that w e cla im it to b e .

Deep draws present no. problems to our Cold Rolled Strip Steel. Here is a typical example of the nay in which American Quality Cold Rolled Strip Steel simplifies deep drawing problems.

Temper, an important property of strip steel,, is meaningless except when ac­ curately controlled and defined. Sensitive Rockwell hard ness determinations are^ therefore part of the rigid control applied to American Quality Cold Rolled Strip Steel.

4-, [ he yHricty products which lend themselves easily to fabrication from nicrican Quality Cold Rolled Strip Steel is without limit. An investigation of >our own products may point out how you can make them better and more econom i­ cs • ^ fabricating them wholly or in part from American Quality Cold Rolled stnp Steel.

UNITED STATES STEE welding as a medical library is to a doctor. Use of this information means that each new man starts where all of the others left off, rather than where they began. The welding research committee is large and commands the advice and assistance of everyone in the industry. It has no ulterior motives and duplicates the work of no one else. Its work is purely professional. It is financed by membership dues and contributions of leading manu­ facturers. Fabricators’ Troubles ♦ TN this column, the author, well-known ■ Plate fabricators have observed consulting engineer in welding, is given New Cutting Process with concern the definite trend wide latitude in presenting his views. They in recent years in the direction of do not necessarily coincide with those of customers building their own equip­ ■ Newspaper accounts of a re­ the editors of STEEL. ment by welding. cently patented method of cut­ Welding started into many indus­ ting, involving the use of liquid tries like rubber, paper, chemical, oxygen, indicate the rapid progress etc., as a process used for the re­ being made in this field. Claims for pair of existing machinery. In ly difficult but the step is a large the new process involve cutting of many cases now, plants in these in­ one for the fabricating shop that thicker sections with a narrower dustries maintain shops where their has floated along for many years, cut than has heretofore been pos­ own welded fabrication is carried bidding on customers’ specifications sible. out. This development hasn’t done in competition with other members In many shops the economics of the fabricators any great amount of of his trade. Proof of the sound­ cutting have not received nearly as good in a business way. To say ness of the solution is found in the much attention as the economics of that the fabricators could have pre­ profitable operations of shops which welding. When it is considered vented this development by being have carried out such a program that, in the case of many structures, more alive to their changing mar­ as this. the cost of cutting exceeds the cost of welding, the importance of the kets is probably an overstatement. ♦ subject cannot be overlooked. In During the depression “we’ll make the case of welded steel machinery it ourselves” programs were pop­ Research in Welding and equipment, inaccurate cutting ular with men who were intent on keeping their jobs. They did make B Ranking with the best profes­ may increase the cost of welding it themselves, but in many cases it sional work in any line, not ex­ 50 to 100 per cent and at the same cost a great deal more than it cepting medicine, the publications time greatly reduce the quality of would have if bought outside from of the welding research committee the welded structure. Modern cut­ a fabricator. It is also true that of the American Welding society ting machines are a good invest­ the menace of this move frightened are attracting widespread attention ment and in combination with good the fabricator away from invest­ among engineers. workmanship produce economies ing in personnel and machinery to The work of W. Spraragen and which cannot be overlooked. do the work because he could never G. E. Claussen published in the ♦ be sure of holding the customer Welding Journal for September is against the efforts of the customer’s typical. These able welding experts Welding Properties own personnel to keep the work for have collected and tabulated prac­ themselves. tically all the information in print ■ Publication of a list of ap­ There is hope for the fabricating on temperature distribution during proximately one thousand metals shop that traditionally operates on a welding, fusion welding of wrought and alloys marketed under trade jobbing basis, if it can select weld­ iron, and the effect of total carbon names in current issue of Machine ed fabrication jobs that are com­ and manganese on the mechanical Design focuses attention on lack of mon to a large number of custom­ properties and structure of welded published information on welding ers and produce them on a manu­ joints in plain, low-carbon steel. properties of metals. Some of the facturing basis. By this means the The value of such information metals and alloys in this list are cost may be reduced to the point depends on skill in interpretation, already being welded. Others will at which “we’ll make it ourselves” since in any such mass of informa­ be welded in the future. becomes an absurdity not tolerated tion there is a great deal of error. Descriptive literature giving in­ by responsible management. However, the information is as valu­ formation on how to weld various Doing this job is not particular­ able to a responsible engineer in commercial metals is available but difficult to find and properly inter­ pret. The problem is one of stating welding properties of a metal in Sander Is Streamlined a few concise terms that will be complete informative to the usei regardless of the welding process ■ An example of the in­ he employs. Similar information corporation of style and has been developed on metals with beauty in tool design is reference to corrosion, fatigue and this new 7-inch portable other properties. The development Skilsaw electric Sander de­ of a standard method of stating signed by Lawrence Bla- welding properties is a proper field zey of Designers for In­ of activity for the American Weld- dustry Inc., Cleveland ang Society.

/ TEEL A BEARING on your

hat happens if grease leaks out of motor bearings? The answer is— it costs you money. Stop a moment and consider: (1) sooner or later you will have to replace the bearings for, if the bearing seal does not retain the grease, it will not keep out dust and grit and there will be bearing wear; and (2) while the motor is shut down for repairs, production will be choked or stopped completely!

But these expenses can be eliminated by installing Crocker- W heeler ball-bearing motors. The patented, frictionless, bearing seal positively prevents grease leakage and the entrance of foreign matter. The grease itself forms the seal by means of a pumping action similar to that of a centrifugal pump. Many Crocker-Wheeler motors have gone 5, 7 and even 10 years without haying the grease changed. Does this sound worth investigating? Write for bulletin 250.

CROCKER-WHEELER ELEC. MFG. CO. Main Office and Works: AMPERE, N. J. EXCELLENT ENGINEERING SALES OFFICES IN PRINCIPAL CITIES November 1 , 1937 Additional Highlights of National Metal Exposition

AST week S teel presented a steel framework supporting a travel­ foot water color painting showing number of highlights of the ing I-beam hand-operated hoist. a crew of six men forging a heated nineteenth National Metal ex­ Dominant in this company’s exhibit bloom on a steam hammer. Stand­ position in Atlantic City, Oct. 18-22; was a modernistically designed ro­ ing out in the background is the post this week it completes its resume of tating exhibit capped with a giant- crane and two heating furnaces with the show with a similar group of size gas cylinder. the flame issuing from the doors. items. Registration through the ♦ Many visitors entering the exhibi­ week was approximately 11,000, a To demonstrate the severe draw­ tion paused to view the painting. total considerably better than ex­ ing to which the cold rolled sheet Comments were highly favorable and strip produced on its continu­ pected. too. ♦ ous mill can be subjected, the Jones ♦ & Laughlin Steel Corp., Pittsburgh, The wide range of heat, acid and Attendance at the exposition showed a number of formed prod­ corrosion-resisting alloys produced on its closing day was swelled ucts. These included an all-steel au­ by the General Alloys Co., Boston, by 1500 operating men from steel tomobile top, and automobile side was arranged attractively on tables producing and metalworking plants panel and fenders and numerous and counters. A distinctive industrial in the Philadelphia area. These men household utensils. plant atmosphere was provided by came in 45 buses from Philadelphia, ♦ surrounding table sides and ends Coatesville, Reading, Allentown, Men frequently are found within with blue printed drawings prom­ Easton and Bethlehem in Pennsyl­ the steel plant who can wield a inently displaying the company’s vania; and Camden and Newai'k in wicked brush when it comes to swab­ name. New Jersey. bing out molds but rare are those ♦ ♦ men on the crew who can step up to Two moving displays attracted Flexibility of flame cutting, both a canvas and paint a particular oper­ visitors to the exhibit maintained as to intricacy of contour and thick­ ation within the plant. Yet there is by the Carboloy Co. Inc., Detroit. Lness of material, was demonstrated such a man to be found on the ham­ One was a revolving 3-foot diam­ by the Air Reduction Sales Co., New mer crew at the Newark, N. J., plant eter disk mounted on the back wall York, in the simultaneous cutting of of the Heller Bros. Co. His handi­ to represent a cross section of a cyl­ two railroad tender truck equalizers work was displayed at the com­ inder being turned in a lathe. This on a production basis. So heavy pany’s booth in the form of an 8 x 6- rotated against a giant size ce- were the plates and parts cut that it was necessary to install special equipment to handle them. This 9 Atlantic City’s Auditorium afforded the finest setting the National equipment consisted of a structural Metal exposition has ever enjoyed. The exhibits occupied all arena floor space and the stage

74 / TEEL merited carbide tool. The other dis­ study and experiment. It is named moving away from the press to the play was a cut-away section of a ce­ for its principal elements, silicon, right on another endless belt were mented carbide, diamond-impreg­ vanadium, aluminum and zirconium. numerous items, such as cooking nated dresser for all types of grind­ The various displays of the Union utensils, formed from these metals. ing wheels, which showed clearly Carbide corporation’s subsidiaries ♦ the steel holder, the diamond-im- were grouped in a modernistic set­ Among operating exhibits of a pregnated matrix and metal shank. ting provided with attractive light­ spectacular nature was that of Ajax ♦ ing effects. Electrothermic Corp., Trenton, N. J. Exposition visitors in great num­ ♦ Tubing and round and square bars bers were fascinated by one-eighth W ood came in for its part in the were heated rapidly by electrical in­ actual size models of a 3-stand 4- picture at the “Metal” show. Para­ duction, using equipment of compar­ high cold reducing mill and a mount Oilless Bearing Co., Inc., atively recent development and power press operated by the Youngs­ Worcester, Mass., showed bearings shown for the first time. Principal town Sheet & Tube Co., Youngs­ turned from hard maple which then use of the method is heating stock town, O. This installation, a replica is impregnated with a lubricating prior to an upsetting or forging op­ of equipment in the company’s material. Wood will outwear bab­ eration. plants and built by workmen in its bitt or bronze in certain applications, ♦ own shops, reduced 27-gage steel it is said. Something novel in the way of strip to approximately 28-gage in a ♦ placing its company name on its 5Vi-inch width. Each mill stand An interesting operating exhibit, booth was employed by the Jessop weighed about 1470 pounds and each by the Pangborn Corp., Hagerstown, Steel Co., Washington, Pa. Each let­ back-up roll 89 pounds. Strip re­ Md., was a new large rotary blast ter in the name consisted of three duced in the mill was passed into rocker barrel at work removing scale parallel, Vi-inch diameter round, the press which formed souvenir from heat treated forgings. An ac­ satin-finished stainless steel rods ash trays. cessory was a loading device which bent to proper shape. These rods ♦ received tote boxes filled with forg­ were attached to the black panel Magnetic Analysis Corp., Long Is­ ings and which elevated them and board by means of polished stain­ land City, N. Y., displayed in opera­ discharged their contents into the less steel clips. tion a new magnetic testing unit for rocker barrel, thus reducing idle ♦ inspecting ball races and closed rings time. Beryl in its rarer forms is simply When properly set, the device indi­ ♦ the aquamarine of the jewelry trade cates rejections for defects in struc­ A silhouette of a forming press, but refined beryllium is a metal ture and in hardness. with gears and slide in motion, which makes copper strong as steel ♦ formed the central theme in the ex­ when added in small percentages. Three cycles or thirty can literally hibit of the Allegheny Steel Co., Beryllium copper tools were shown be “picked” out of a circuit by Brackenridge, Pa. Moving on an end­ by several exhibitors at the show. welder control equipment which ex­ less belt toward the press from the Tools of this hard copper alloy are cited the curiosity of onlookers at left were trademarks representing becoming more generally used in the Westinghouse booth. Metal now the various grades of stainless places where there is danger of gas can be “stitched” as easy and quick­ steels produced by the company; explosions from sparks. ly as cloth on a sewing machine with the distance between the "stitches” determined by the number of cycles “picked” out of the cir­ cuit. Steel can be joined to steel, nonferrous metals to nonferrous A.I.M.E. Division Studies metals, or one to the other by this “stitching” control. ♦ Alloys and Steelmaking Efficiency of insulating fire brick was demonstrated by Armstrong Cork Products Co., Lancaster, Pa., T WO sessions conducted by the laboratory tests on various silicon through the use of two miniature Iron and Steel division of the additions to high temperature steel gas-fired furnaces operated on ident­ American Institute of Mining containing 2 per cent chromium and ical air-gas mixtures and through and Metallurgical Engineers in At­ 0.50 molybdenum, the silicon rang­ similar cycles. One furnace was con­ lantic City, Oct. 21, in connection ing from 0.20 to 3 per cent. In ad­ structed of ordinary fire brick and with the nineteenth National Metal dition, two melts of 5 per cent the other of insulating fire brick. congress, proved particularly inter­ chromium and 0.50 molybdenum Operating results were charted on esting to ferrous metallurgists and with 1.5 silicon were prepared. It a potentiometer recorder. engineers. One session dealt with was found that silicon additions * effects of alloying elements in steels gradually stiffen the metal, causing Demonstrations of flame cutting for specific applications, and the an increase in tensile strength, yield and flame hardening were conducted other, sponsored by the division’s point and brineli hardness with a continuously by Linde Air Products open hearth committee, was devoted corresponding drop in ductile prop­ Co., New York, one of several Union to open-hearth steel practice. erties. Small variations in carbon Carbide & Carbon Corp. units rep­ American metallurgists have been were found to have a decided ef­ resented in the exposition. This rather slow to take advantage of the fect with the lower carbon alloy, equipment was installed on a plat­ economic possibilities of adding sili­ exhibiting the better impact prop­ form enclosed by glass panels, this con to high-temperature steels, ac­ erties. arrangement affording good visibil­ cording to H. D. Newell, chief metal­ Properties of a 5 per cent chro- ity and keeping spectators from get­ lurgist, Babcock & W ilcox Tube Co., mium-molybdenum steel with 2.5 ting too close. Electi o Metallurgical Beaver Falls, Pa. By “high tem­ silicon are disappointing insofar as ^°rp., New York, exhibited a new perature” steels he had in mind tube fabrication is concerned. Such ferroalloy named Silvaz. It is in­ those specifically intended for serv­ an alloy has excellent scale re­ tended for use as a deoxidizer and ice at elevated temperatures in sistance and may be hot worked or controlling grain size and was steam plants, oil refineries, etc. satisfactorily but is extremely brittle eveloped as a result of considerable The author conducted a series of in the cold state. While it might be

November 1, 1937 75 -No. 2 Universal -No. 2 Plain -No. 2 Vertical Note swiveling spindle head on vertical machine— which permits setting the spindle in a vertical plane at any angle either side of

O, from vertical to horizontal. Brown & Sharpe Mfg. Co., J------1 Providence, R. I.

BROWN £> SHARPE adaptable for certain heat resistant should be limited to about 1.50 per in use in the plant of the Edge- purposes it is too fragile for ap­ cent in steels containing 2 to 5 per water Steel Co., Oakmont, Pa., since plication in boilers or as refinery cent chromium. Higher silicon re­ 1935, said W. J. Reagan, of that tubes which are subject to shock sults in loss of impact strength and company, in a paper describing the stresses. This is becoming apparent tends to reduce ductility and should practice. The paper went into detail in the 1.50 silicon alloy, as evidenced be avoided where shock stresses are in connection with the use of the by low impact values obtained in likely to be encountered when the viscosimeter in connection with an experimental alloy containing metal is cold. fully-killed, basic open-hearth steel 0.14 per cent carbon. It seemed in­ Copper in small amounts improves ranging from 0.50 to 0.90 in carbon. dicated that carbon content in the the resistance of steel to dilute acid In brief, he said, the method means 5 per cent chromium alloy should solution of a reducing character and more heats in grade, more uniform be 0.10 per cent or possibly 0.12 per also its resistance to atmospheric slag and a more uniform FeO con­ cent maximum to avoid this condi­ corrosion, said Mr. Newell. Based on tent in the slag or, in combination, tion. experience, copper steels have been a more uniform practice. Short time tests, though not re­ avoided in high temperature service. Viscosimeter Discussed liable criteria for judging ability of An exception, however, is in the the metal to resist stress for long use of copper-steel boiler tubes Discussion revealed that the vis­ periods of time at high tempera­ for nominal temperature conditions cosimeter method is employed tures, are interesting in developing where corrosion from boiler waters widely and with good results. One information on the influence of vari­ of poor quality is to be combatted. speaker advanced the contention ous elements on mechanical prop­ In this case the copper bearing steels that the best standard hole diameter erties, and they have some sig­ are not subjected to temperatures is %-inch. When it is necessary to nificance in indicating how a steel in excess of about 450 degrees Fahr. make a change, he said, he thought will behave under sudden stress and they are not called on to resist it better to increase the length of such as might be encountered under the highly corrosive effect of the hole rather than to reduce its sudden pressure increase or when oil products containing appreciable diameter. An interesting question hot spots develop in refinery tubes quantities of sulphur. was asked by one speaker. He because of coking and irregular fur­ “X-Ray Study of Effects of Adding wanted to know whether the pres­ nace conditions. Carbon, Nickel or Manganese to ence of sand in large amounts on Some Ternary Iron-Chromium-Sili- sand cast spiegeleisen has an effect Show No Effect con Alloys” was the title of a paper on viscosimeter tests. Nobody in at­ submitted by Eric R. Jette, school tendance was able to comment on Short-time tests on 2 per cent of mines, Columbia university, New this factor. chromium steels, self annealed prior York, and A. G. H. Andersen, de­ P. F. Kinyoun, Bethlehem Steel to test, showed no pronounced ef­ partment of development and re­ Co., presented a paper covering the fect on short-time strength up to search, Phelps Dodge Corp., Mas- control of open-hearth furnaces and at least 1200 degrees Fahr. The peth, N. Y. This paper represented practices at that company’s Lacka­ alloys with higher silicon contents further data on a study covered by wanna plant. By this control the showed the lowest strength prop­ a paper presented by these authors human factor is minimized and the erties between about 950 and 1200 in 1936. The same authors presented chances for mishaps and irregulari­ degrees Fahr. At 900 degrees the at this meeting a paper entitled ties in operation are reduced. effect of silicon in stiffening the “Notes on Microstructure and Hard­ George L. Danforth Jr., Open ferrite is noticeable and at this tem­ ness of Alloys Consisting Essentially Hearth Combustion Co., Chicago, perature the higher silicon alloys of Iron, Chromium and Silicon.” It submitted a progress report on the show a slight superiority over those contained data supplemental to a use of venturi ports in open-hearth of lower silicon content. At high report which they submitted several furnaces. Following the application temperatures, within the working years ago. of venturi port design for use with or rolling range, silicon in amounts The viscosimeter, as a means of natural gas, it has been applied with of 1 per cent or more seemed to controlling slag fluidities, has been other fuels. cause softening. In this connection it was observed that certain high silicon steels have excellent elongation through the working range but ai'e easily guide Wire Producers Discuss marked or roll marked during the rolling of the tubes or other prod­ ucts. A decided tendency toward coarse grain structure was noted in Improvements in Processes alloy containing 2.96 per cent silicon and this was reflected in its impact Sandelin, metallurgist, Atlantic properties. G ALVANIZING practice, devel­ opments in cold heading, bak­ Steel Co., Atlanta, Ga. This paper While no data are available to ing of rods and wire, and heat received first honorable mention of indicate reliably the effect of silicon treatment of bolts, were among the all papers prepared during the past variation on creep strength of chro­ subjects which members of the Wire year for the Wire association. mium containing steels, it seems association discussed in closing tech­ Spotting of galvanized coatings mat, generally speaking, silicon aids nical sessions of the organization’s is* more pronounced at high tem­ creep resistance of steel alloys up annual meeting at the Ambassador peratures, the author asserted, and to about 950 degrees Fahr. The hotel, Atlantic City, N. J., Oct. 18-21. while dependent upon the nature of data seem to indicate that above Activities of the association during the steel, the size of the strip and hat temperature silicon in increas- sessions early in the week were re­ the speed of the strip through the >ng amounts depreciates creep re­ ported in the Oct. 25 issue of S teel, spelter, it is generally observed sistance. pages 19 and 74. at temperatures above 830 to 840 The most beneficial action of sili­ At the Tuesday afternoon session degrees Fahr. Therefore, the speak­ con, the author concluded, lies in a comprehensive paper entitled er declared, one way of eliminat­ >ts ability to improve resistance to “A Metallurgical Study of the Fac­ ing spots is lowering the tempera­ ;ca *ng at high temperature. Until tors Affecting the Quality of Gal­ ture. lurther data are available, silicon vanizing” was presented by R. W. Spotting is more pronounced at

November 1, 1937 77 CANNERIES like USS Stainless Steel equipment because it costs them less per year-of-use. These virtually in­ destructible stainless canning pans are replacing tinned pans which cost 50c new, 35c each season for retinning, and then lasted only four or five years.

ARCHITECTS like USS Stainless Steel because it SHEET METAL WORKERS nke uss Stami«; keeps their buildings looking new. In 1931, Steel because it helps them sell more I®»** Wfl5 architects Howe and Lescaze specified glass, stainless kitchen in a Santa Monica pe «»art- polished granite and USS Stainless Steel for almost made and sold b y Modern-Metals Mfg* every exposed part of Philadelphia’s famed PSFS building. Now five years later, their work still attracts tenants, still looks “ brand new” .

CAR BUYERS ind I like stainless trimming on my car because I know it's the only trimming which will never tarnish, never peel, never show rusty scratches!" Women buyers know stainless steel — which explains why stainless trimming helps the salesman close the sale. AIRCRAFT DESIGNERS like welded construction of USS Stainless Steel because it enables them to achieve two vital improvements — homo­ geneous metal units and smooth rivet- less surfaces. One maker of private planes specializing in stainless steel construction sold over 40% of his 1937 production before the year began!

The Quick Facts about U SS STAINLESS STEEL

(1) CHEMICAL INERTNESS — immune to weathering and normal atmos­ pheric corrosion — immune to attack bv food and beverage products— more corrosion-resistant to more corrosive chemicals than any other comparable metal— avoids contamination of contents— lengthens equipment life— always looks sparkling new.

(2) M ECHANICAL STRENGTH — tensile values from 85,000 to 170,000 RETAIL STORES like USS Stainless Steel be lb. in.2— one of the toughest and strongest metals known to science — owing it suggests fresh modern merchandise and to combination of high strength and corrosion-resistance, thin members can surroundings. In their big Pittsburgh m Donahoe’s find that their new 125-foot cc be assembled into new highly-efficient structures weighing less than equivalent of USS Stainless Steel attracts customers, structures of any other metals— saves weight— saves metal—increases safety. appetites and increases the average sale.

(3) HEAT RESISTAN CE — retains a large degree of mechanical strength and chemical inertness at temperatures disastrous to other metals — at 1500 F. USS 18-8 is still scale-free — at 1000’F. it will elongate only 1% in 10,000 hours under a stress of 17,000 lb. in.2— useful for high temperature chemical equip­ ment, oil burner tips, airplane motor parts, etc.

(4) B E A U T Y - available in a wide range of glistening finishes — ranging from dull glowing satin to high polish — the only commercial metal which can. maintain a silvery surface with no protective coating — the product that glitters may not be gold, but how it does sell!

(5) "U S S " — those three initials identify stainless steel of the finest quality — made only in clean electric furnaces, exclusively devoted to high grade alloys, by men who make nothing else. A product of the world’s largest producer of high grade steel.

RAILROADS like lightweight stainless equipment because it costs less to run a also sells more tickets. The Burlington re SALESMAN AGERS like to see USS Stainless Steel go into their products christened their eighth stainless Zephyr, because it gives them a new and popular selling point. That’s one reason major railroads with stainless steel equi| why so many fast-selling products like the Toastmaster Coffee Maker are under construction or recently delivered ir being redesigned in stainless steel. the Southern Pacific, the Santa Fe, the Worth & Denver, the Rock Island and the Re U S S STAINLESS STEEL AMERICAN STEEL & WIRE COMPANY, Cleveland, Chicago, and New York CARNEGIE-ILLINOIS STEEL CORPORATION, Pittsburgh and Chicago NATIONAL TUBE COMPANY, P it t s b u r g h Columbia Steel Company, San Francisco, Pacific Coast Distributors ■ United States Steel Products Company, New York, Export Distributors the shorter immersion time, he ex­ layers of uncontaminated zinc which heated, refreshed with new air to plained. Excessively long times, form a characteristic spangle upon support combustion and is recircu­ however, will produce a dull rough freezing. lated through the rods. As a result coating. Immersion times of less In discussing a paper at the Wed­ of the high temperature and veloci­ than 20 to 25 seconds will show nesday morning session on “Devel­ ty of the atmosphere the moisture is maximum spotting effects, he con­ opments in Cold Heading at Gen­ driven out of the lime with ex­ tended. Time in the spelter ordi­ eral Electric,” A. R. Ryan, indus­ plosive violence. narily is governed by two factors, trial heating engineer, General A curtain of cold air is provided at namely, length of travel in the mol­ Electric Co., Schenectady, N. Y., the top of the chamber to minimize- ten zinc and the rate of speed cited three savings which future the loss of heat. The cold air is dis­ through the spelter pan. The time plans will effect. The first plan in­ charged at high velocity through factor is best arrived at, the speak­ volves the use of heavier coils to narrow slots along the top edges er stated, by regulating the posi­ feed the cold heading machines. of the chamber and this arrange­ tion at which the strip enters the About 15 minutes are required to ment blankets off the hot gases at spelter since high speeds are de­ end up an old coil and start a new the bottom. sirable from the standpoint of ton­ one, he stated. Larger coils will Mr. Lewis reported the baking nage and the elimination of spots, enable the number of starting in­ time as ranging from 20 to 25 sec­ the latter being due to retarded tervals to be decreased and in that onds up to 5 to 6 minutes for drainage of zinc from the strip. way will enable a machine to turn heavy coated stock. Fuel cost at out more screws in a given time The author observed that spot­ one plant operating this type baker with no additional attendant labor. ting occurred less in cold weather averages between 4 and 4% cents The speaker mentioned that ex­ than when it was warm and that per ton using 32-cent natural gas. periments now are in progress to wind effects helped to eliminate spot­ This cost is being obtained in spite determine the possibility of using a ting. As a result a large fan was of the fact that the equipment can­ tungsten carbide cold heading die. installed to circulate air across the not be used to maximum capacity. On first thought, he said, this may strip as it emerged from the spelter. The installation of this single-pin seem to have little chance for suc­ The current of air thus created baker permitted the company to cess due to the brittleness of the shut down a 54-truck baker. freezes the molten zinc on the strip matei’ial but preliminary work in­ and eliminates spots. The speaker dicates that success yet may be at­ Corrosion Is Nil cautioned, however, that such rap­ tained. id cooling has a tendency to make A paper on “Nickel and Nickel the coating brittle so that it will A further saving in material cost, Base Alloys in Wire and Rod Prod­ flake off when the strip is bent. as well as increased die life, is ex­ ucts,” written by Carl Rolle, devel­ pected from the addition of a wire opment and research division, In­ Determines Cooling Rate drawing equipment ahead of some ternational Nickel Co. Inc., New of the cold heading machines. Such Continuing, Mr. Sandelin stated York, and presented by Gill Cox at an equipment, the speaker contend­ that the width and thickness of the the morning session on Oct. 21, de­ ed, will permit the use of hot rolled strip determines the rate at which clared that corrosion of monel, nick­ wire of rather generous tolerances the strip will cool and form a el and inconel metals is practically and will permit it to be drawn ac­ spangle surface; the heavier strip nil even in sulphurous industrial at­ curately just before it enters the having greater heat content will mospheres. All three materials are header. Accuracy in wire size, the necessarily cool slower and increase useful in connection with the han­ speaker pointed out, should provide the possibility for spotting. Heavy dling of acid goods. This is due to better die life. Heading immediate­ strip, he contended, will show great­ the excelleitt corrosion resistance ly after drawing is expected to and to the fact that nickel is non­ er increased spotting tendencies eliminate aging effect and thereby over thinner strip of the same type destructive and nontoxic. provide a wire more easy to cold In discussing the hot working of of steel, this being due to the re­ head. taining of high temperatures longer nickel-base alloys, the speaker stat­ for the heavy strip providing in­ New Development Announced ed that the chief points to consider creased time for diffusion and sub­ in the selection of fuels and furnaces A new development in the bak­ are the use of low-sulphur fuels, sequent spotting. With longer im­ ing of l’ods and wire was announced mersion times the author noted avoidance of having combustion take at a ferrous section meeting, Oct. place in direct contact with the ma­ that spotting occurs to a lesser ex­ 20, by K. B. Lewis, consulting wire tent with roughness due to streaks terial, and avoidance of highly oxi­ mill engineer, New' York. After dizing atmospheres. becoming more prominent. tracing the history of rod baking, T. C. Merriman in speaking on He presented data to show that Mr. Lewis described the recently de­ "Notes on the Annealing of Nickel spotting steels retain their spotting veloped flash baker through which Silver Wire in Coils” cautioned that tendencies regardless of whether or the air stream at 750 degrees Fahr. while the underfired oil-burning type not they have been pickled in acid. passes at a velocity 20 times as of furnace performs satisfactorily, it However, the degree of spotting is fast as in the modern baker. is essential to have the fuel oil low unquestionably increased, he de­ The baker is an open-top cham­ in sulphur. He also emphasized the clared, by pickling in acid and seems ber of the same size and shape as desirability of slow heating at low to attain its maximum effect in a the lime tub and takes a pin of rods temperature rather than work at relatively short time since overpick­ direct from the lime. The yoke high furnace temperatures. ling seems to have little or no addi­ rests on the edges of the chamber tive effect. and the ends of the hollow cylinder Along with the idea of slow heat­ In conclusion the author stated formed by the coils of rods register ing, the speaker declared, it is de­ that spotting is a property associat­ with ducts through which heated sirable to avoid heat shock as far ed with certain classes of steel and atmosphere is discharged at high as possible in annealing nickel-sil­ consists of the top layers of zinc velocity. As the two air streams ver. It is better to pull a load into diffusing into the steel base, leav­ meet, the pressure forces the air the furnace at comparatively low ing a dull gray zinc-iron alloy lay­ through the massed coils. temperature, he stated, and let i er at the surface. Certain other At the sides of the chamber are heat slowly for a while from the classes of steels retard this diffu­ located pickup ducts through which heat residual in the furnace befoie sion to the extent that some thin­ the spent air is returned to the actively raising the furnace tem- ner coatings result which have top combustion chamber. Here it is re­ (Please turn to Page 82)

80 /TEE t method for testing welded seams, W. B. Kouwenhoven, professor of Welding Research electrical engineering, Johns Hop­ kins university, and A. E. Vivell, electrical engineering instructor, Princeton university, magnetized the seam by a strong alternating mag­ Is Topic of A.W.S. netomotive force. Connected in op­ position, two search coils are placed on the seam so that any strange WO of three sessions conducted T generally coupled with fissures field present cuts their windings. An by the American Welding socie­ which are not remedied by stress oscillograph reveals the wave of ty on Oct. 19 during its annual relief. electromotive force induced in the meeting in Atlantic City dealt with Improved electrical design of coils. Under proper conditions flaws fundamental research. The third ses­ large resistance welders should con­ in the weld produce distinct and sion was conducted jointly with the cern the welder manufacturer. Ef­ unique changes in the shape of the Amei'ican Society of Mechanical En­ forts should tend toward lower re­ valve, easily recognized and elimi­ gineers and was devoted to problems active' losses with resultant higher nating the defective part. of fabrication by welding. operating power factors, according Necessitv of machining the work Planing of excess weld metal on to A. S. Douglas and L. W. Clark, before testing is eliminated, use of butt-welded structural plates, %-inch construction and electrical engi­ the alternating magnet field provid­ in thickness, adds to the unit fatigue neers, Detroit Edison Co. ing a method for studying welded strength of carbon steel joints, The estimated total consumption seams with the bead in place. The tests on the material as-welded of electrical energy for arc welding change in the wave contour induced indicating a reduction in such is now estimated well over 16,000,- by the flaw gives a definite indica­ strength by stress concentration 000 kilowatt hours annually. This tion of weld quality, according to at the edge of the weld. This is estimate is based on use of 6,500,000 the engineer. Magnetic saturation the result of data compiled by W. pounds of electrodes at an average is desirable with the frequency low M. Wilson, research professor, Uni­ of 2% kilowatt hours per pound. enough to insure penetration of the versity of Illinois, and presented at The power company engineers also magnetic flux for the best results in the Tuesday morning session. In estimate 7,000,000 kilowatt hours for this test. carbon steel plates the fatigue flash welding and 40,000,000 for re­ strength also appears greater when sistance welding or a total of 63,- Girder Strength Increased the automatic carbon arc method is 000,000 kilowatt hours for the in­ While the best angle of inclina­ used than when the hand-operated dustry, these estimates being for tion remains to be determined, ex­ metallic arc welding process is em­ 1936. periments on welded girders with in­ ployed. In the same series of tests, The usual method of power com­ clined stiffeners proves that such Prof. Wilson found strength of panies in providing satisfactory re­ stiffeners inclined in the direction welds in silicon steel plates was lim­ sistance welding sei'vice consists of compresed stresses in the girder ited by such strength of the filler primarily in finding a low-cost point web materially increases the metal while peening of beads and of service of ample capacity to keep strength of the girder. A suitable stress relieving by heat treatment voltage flickers within specified al­ method of design of such a new had but slight effect on the fatigue lowable limits. In industrial dis­ type girder is also wanting, accord­ strength of the welds. tricts this is not difficult, but in some ing to Cyril D.- Jensen, professor of areas a power line extension for the civil engineering, Lehigh university, Studies Effect of Heat welder load may be required, or a co-operating with William F. Lotz Walter H. Bruckner, naval re­ motor generator set to shield the Jr., also of Lehigh, in further re­ search laboratory, Anacostia, D. C., power system from welder distur­ search on this subject, described in station, gave a compi'ehensive re­ bances. A low reactance distribu­ the Tuesday afternoon session. In view of literature pertaining to heat tion system of reasonable cost is the a series of tests on girders with ver­ effect in welding, summarizing the ultimate problem of the user of elec­ tical and inclined welded stiffeners, conclusions made by various au­ trical energy in welding. This may buckling on the vertical were noted thors and citing 40 references on the require an interlaced or concentric at about 44,500 pounds as compared subject. As to remedies for the heat bus of special construction and the with 60,000 pounds for the inclined. effect, Mr. Bruckner stated adjust­ use of single-phase low resistance On two girders tested, pronounced ment of steel composition by reduc­ transformers. buckling resulted at 46,000 and 63,000 tion of carbon-content and increase Power Loads Compared pounds, respectively. No difficulty of alloy has been nearly a unani­ is experienced in the welded fabrica­ mous conclusion from welding tests In the manufacture of welding ap­ tion of inclined stiffener girders; in and experience. The carbon limit paratus faulty electrical design in­ fact a reasonable tolerance in has frequently been fixed at 0.25 per creases the cost of power service. length of the stiffener is safe while cent, 0.18 per cent and as low as Studies of the subject of power for this would be impossible with the 0.14 per cent for fool-proof welding welding indicates that the ratio of tighter-fitting vertical brace. Messrs. steel. However, definitely setting a welder energy consumption to con­ Jensen and Lotz see the likelihood of maximum limit for carbon, below nected load is much less than for varied applications of welded gird­ which a steel of easy weldability other types of load. Possible expen­ ers with inclined stiffeners in deck- may be assured is difficult since a ditures for serving the load, there­ girder bridge construction, through- definite statement can not include fore, can not be made on the basis girder bridges, in some instances, all variations in alloy content of the that expected earnings will justify and girders which span openings many commercial steels. capital expenditures in anywhere in buildings carrying one or more Stress relief of the welded joint at near the same proportion as for gen­ columns. temperatures of 1100 to 1250 de­ eral power load. Reasonable ac­ Welding of copper, generally ad­ grees Fahr. to improve the safety curacy may be expected from ordi­ mitted to be a major problem in of the joint has been frequently nary rotating induction watt-hour the art of cementing metals, was dis­ no ed as a treatment for excessive meters when measuring energy util­ cussed by A. P. Young, Michigan ardness, but Mr. Bruckner said the ized by resistance welders. College of Mining & Technology, in existence of excessive hardness is Describing a new non-destructive an admirably instructive paper on

November 1, 1937 81 the subject. Summarized, he finds excessive; also that previous design galvanized sheets, he said, now is a that under the oxyacetylene process theory for such work is substantia­ common fabricating operation. the efficiencies of plates are less ted. Providing for 50 per cent re­ An interesting talk on gas cut­ than those of those completed by straint, the use of 3 x 3-inch top ting and welding was made by C. C. the carbon-arc welding process, prob­ angles of various thicknesses will Brinton, Westinghouse Electric & ably because of the length of time produce satisfactory beam connec­ Mfg. Co., East Pittsburgh, Pa. He the material is exposed to the weld­ tions. Practical beam spans of this emphasized that redesign is neces­ ing temperatures. In gas welding, size for top angle connections range sary when changing from castings he recommends preheating for thick­ from eight to 18 feet, such top angle to welded structures. Careful at­ nesses greater than %-inch for suf­ connections being best adopted for tention must be paid to layout prior ficient heat to overcome losses by lightweight wide flanged beams. to flame cutting as otherwise much conduction;-also for faster welding While highly developed, modern time is lost. He estimated that operations. Especially when hard- steel cutting apparatus still requires when cutting plates the scrap re­ rolled copper plates are welded, they improvement in numerous instances, maining after cutting amounts to should be clamped to prevent warp­ according to Prof. H. R. Bullock, about 35 per cent of the weight of ing. To prevent lapping at the end mechanical engineering, Massachu­ plates originally received. of the weld, due to contraction dur­ setts Institute of Technology, re­ It is difficult to control size to ing welding, edges of the plate on a viewing studies in oxyacetylene close tolerances due to the shrink­ butt weld should be so spaced that cutting process. Desirable are im­ age from welding. This is a matter there is an increase in the spread proved efficiency and precision, both requiring close attention. He ex­ between the edges oi about A inch being possibly interdependent. Con­ hibited slides of jigs and fixtures per foot of the plate length. cluding that further improvements which have been developed at the Weld metal should not be deposit­ and refinements in cutting opera­ Westinghouse plant to facilitate ed without the use of a flux to pre­ tions required improved cutting welding and to minimize distortion. vent high porosity, unless a spe­ nozzles with possible mechanical re­ Discussion indicated a continued cial welding rod is used requiring finements in the blowpipe, a study diversity of opinion as to the value no such flux. Microscopic examina­ of the various nozzles was con­ of thermal stress relief of welded tion confirms this, for under these ducted by Prof. Bullock in two cate­ structures. From his experience conditions unless ample flux is em­ gories; the oxygen stream issuing with heavy welded rolling mill ployed, porosity increases. from the nozzle and the actual cut­ gears, said A. E. Gibson, Wellman ting operation. Outlining the vari­ Welding Speeds Compared Engineering Co., Cleveland, he was ous methods utilized in this investi­ inclined to believe that peening is Speed of welding is about six times gation, Prof. Bullock declared that sufficient and that thermal stress as fast with the carbon-arc process despite the use of the highest cam­ relief is unnecessary. as compared with gas-welding, ac­ era speeds, definite conclusions as to C. W. Obert, Union Carbide & Car­ cording to Prof. Young; also the the assumed problem are uncertain. bon Research Laboratories Inc., finished weld has better efficiency Even higher camera speeds are be­ New York, also submited a paper than gas-welded copper plates. If ing undertaken to register the ve­ on the practical aspects of welding. the speed is so regulated that full locity of disturbance. While still He devoted his remarks largely to penetration is attained, preheating is lacking conclusive data, Prof. Bul­ increasing the life of wearing sur­ not necessary, but too slow speed lock offers the opinion that an ap­ faces through hard facing. produces a wide, piled-up bead and parent mechanical shock impulse in undercutting. Yet too fast speed, the nozzle, seemingly periodic, dis­ reduces penetration and weakens turbs the velocity of the reaction Wire Producers Discuss the weld strength. between the oxygen and the metal Recent Developments Heat required in welding reduces being cut. The assumption is that in the strength of copper plate to that the resulting change of heat the (.Concluded from Page 80) of soft copper, and, according to disturbance is magnified greatly, be­ perature to that at which it is de­ Prof. Young, 100 per cent welds are coming more so as the bottom o f the sired to let the load of metal soak. not likely. Speed of welding with cut is approached. Study of the in­ Providing a proper drawing tem­ the thickness of the plate are factors ternal flow in the nozzles is being perature following a full quench to control closely in welding copper continued. compensates for the hardness varia­ under usual conditions. tion due to sectional differences in Prof. Otto H. Henry, Brooklyn Conduct Joint Session bolts. This fact was brought out Polytechnic institute, considered A joint session of the American at the closing session by Charles static and impact tensile properties Welding society with the American Fassinger, vice president, Oliver of the various welds at ordinary and Societv of Mechanical Engineers Iron & Steel Corp., Pittsburgh, in low temperature. Tests on resis­ held Tuesday afternoon was devoted speaking on “ Double Treating Track tance butt, atomic hydrogen and to practical aspects of welding. J. and Frog Bolts.” bronze welds in 0.25 per cent car­ M. Cooper, Philadelphia representa­ bon steel and gas arc welds in 18-8 tive of Taylor-Winfield Corp., War­ Tests show as a direct result of the double treatment procedure alloy shows that static tensile proper­ ren, O., displayed slides illustrating that at a specific tensile strength ties do not vary much with tem­ many modern resistance welding the ductility of the double treated perature in the same way as impact machines and described the advan­ bolt is much higher than that of the tensile properties. tages of these units over their pred­ time quenched bolt. He pointed out Result of investigations at Lehigh ecessors. that the reduction of area is approxi­ university, further research in the Much progress has been made in mately 50 per cent higher and elon­ studies of welded top angle beam welding dissimilar metals, said Mr. connections designed for end re­ Cooper. The problem of welding gation is about double. straint, were outlined by Inge Lyse, copper to copper, he said, has been Another favorable consequence research professor, and Glenn J. simplified by using silver solder. mentioned by the speaker is that Gibson, former American Welding Problems incidental to the welding double treated bolts when measured Society Research Fellow at Lehigh. of aluminum, stainless steels and by brinell tests are satisfactorily They find that sustained and re­ other metals largely have been uniform in hardness throughout tn peated loading did not have much solved, although some problems in entire length of the bolt, while tim effect on the welded connection, pro­ connection with welding of low aL quenched bolts vary greatly between viding the top angle deflection is not loy steels remain. Spot welding of the shank and the threaded sectio

82 / TEEL f t y e

Send for Your

S end me your new book E 7 After many years of planning, Ryerson on Ryerson Certified Steels. brings you Certified Steels — steels of I am interested in the following known quality, controlled by specifica­ tions that assure the most desirable features in each particular class of steel. Ryerson Certified Alloy Steels are espe­

cially outstanding. They are more _Position_ M y N am e_------uniform—their chemical and hardening characteristic!; are known — and com- Company Name_ Ryerson Certified Steels Assure Dependable Results

Special Plan of Particular Certified Stocks Include Hot Rolled Alloys S. A. E. 2315, 2320, 2330, 2335, 2340, ■2345, 2350, 3115, 3120, 3130, 3135, Value on the Alloy Steels 3140, 3250, 4140, 4615, 6145, 52100; Rycase (hot rolled, machino nee alloy values are largely dependent on heal treatment, a special straightened) ; Rytense A. A. (hot rolled, machine straightened). an lias been developed for these steels. Accurate data on the Cold Drawn Alloys emical, physical and hardening characteristics of every bar of steel S. A. E. 2315, 2320, 2330, 3115, 3120, prepared and sent to the customer as a guide in quickly and 3135, 3140. Heal Treated Alloys curately securing the best properties from heat treatment. The Ryer- Ryeo (hot rolled, machine straight­ n Certified Alloy Steel Plan has many outstanding advantages. ened) ; R y cro m e (hot rolled, cold drawn, machine straightened); Ni- krome “M” (hot rolled, machine 1. Careful selection of S.A.E. alloys with narrow chemical range straightened) ; Ry-Ax and Ry-Arm and proper grain size assures higher quality. (hot rolled, machine straightened). S ta in le s s 2. Similar uniform high quality can be secured on repeat orders. Allegheny Stainless Sheets, plates, rounds, squ ares, hexagons, flats, angles, p ipe, tu bing, bolts, nuts, etc., 3. A ll steel is analyzed and tested in advance. in a variety of finishes.

Cold Finished Steels 4. You know exactly what you are getting. Standard Shafting; turned ground and polished; Special Accuracy 5. There is no need for you to test or experiment. Stock; Rycase High Manganese Screw Stock; S. A. E. 1020, 1035, 6. You can depend on satisfactory response to heat treatment. 1112 , 1120, etc. Tool Steels Ryerson B. F. D. Die Steel; Ryer­ 7. Your rejections and spoiled material will be reduced or son “Shock” Steel; Ryerson V. D. eliminated. Steel; Ryerson High Speed Tool Steel; Ryerson Special High Speed Tool Holder Bits; Ryerson Carbon 8. Ryerson Certified Alloy Steels cost no more than ordinary Steel Drill Rod.

alloys. Special Sheets 21 special quality sheets. Also all lese features definitely save time and help increase net profits. standard sheets such as plain back, galvanized, corrugated, etc. Only P rim e s are carried by Ryerson. :t us send you complete information on Ryerson Certified Alloy General Steel Products eels. A prepaid card is included for your convenience. Beams; Channels; Angles; Tees; Zees; Plates (17 kinds); Spring Steel; Tire Steel; Refined Iron; s e p h T. R y e r s o n & Son, Inc., Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Louis, Cin- Boiler Tubes and Fittings; Bolts; mati, Detroit, Cleveland, Buffalo, Boston, Philadelphia, Jersey City. Screws; Nuts; Washers; Rivets; Nails; etc. Floor Plate, Stair Tread In la n d 4-W ay F lo o r Plates and Traffic Plates; Firm-tread Diamond Pattern Floor Plate and Traffic Plates ;;Mason Safety Treads, etc.

p r e p a id Welding Rods _ Postage 19 Kinds of electrodes including ill Be Paid im pro ved stainless steel rod?, by shielded arc type rods, and specia iddressee processed rods. 8 kinds of acety CARD lene rods. Also welding accessories. Building Products New billet and rail steel reinforcing bars, spirals, electrically wclde BUSINESS REPLY CARD wire fabric, expanded metal, re”1 RST CLASS PERMIT No. 143, SEC. 510 P. L. B, R., CHICAGO. ILL. BRINGS forcing mesh, caisson rings, s c piling, bank vault reinforcing, safety treads, etc. Allied Products Joseph T. Ryerson & Son. illustrated Ryertex Bearings, Babbitt i e a , Solder, Flux, Curb Strip, Wire a d Wire Rope, Chain, Slings, Slip and l o c k r o x ftnnn.A n _u Weighing Advantages of Belts,

Chains and Variable Speed Units

E VERY drive, whether motor to requires only periodic attention, and chains are commonly driven by shaft or machine or between a will break or slip and run off on motors rated at 1800 revolutions per pair of shafts, requires some excessive overloads. minute and, in the short pitch, by means of connection to transmit Chief objections are that the belt motors at 3600 revolutions per power from one to the other. The is not adapted to heavy loads at low minute. Roller chains are fre­ common means for doing this are speeds and is affected by moisture, quently used for connecting two by flat belts, V-belts, chains, gears, oil, and hot, dry conditions, or by parallel lineshafts, thus providing flexible couplings or speed reducers. combinations of moisture or oil and positive speed ratios to both shafts. Flexible couplings are restricted dust. The objections of slippage, Roller chains also have extensive to the connection of shafts in a speed and centrifugal losses, and the application to low speed and second- straight line on a 1 to 1 ratio. Gears necessity of maintaining high initial reduction drives. Use of shear-pin are limited to a fixed shaft spacing belt tension are overcome by the hubs protects either type of chains and to direction of rotation, except use of the pivoted motor base. This and the unit driven against damage by addition of idler gears. Speed base also permits short centers and from sudden stoppage. reducers usually are used for low transmits full power at peak loads Chains require perfect alignment speeds and relatively high reduc­ by automatic adjustment of tension and proper lubrication. Neglect of tion ratios in the lower horsepower and center distance. either may necessitate replacement range. Use Silent Chains of chain, sprocket and gear. Also, Until the introduction of silent chains transmit more shock and chains, lineshafts were belt-di'iven Silent and roller chains are being vibration than do belts. and machine shafts were belt or widely used on lineshaft and other Chain drives have many applica­ gear-driven. Belt drives required shaft drives because of their positive tions in the connection of two or long open-center connections to ratio in transmission. On these the more shafts in machines due to maintain tension and obtain the chain case serves as a guard, holds their positive drive without the proper speed reduction with the the oil for lubrication, also excludes limitations of center distance and necessary arc of contact on the dust and may be made fume proof, direction of rotation of a gear. By smaller pulley. Losses in speed in if necessary. Chain drives are the use of special silent chain or by this transmission have commonly highly efficient, positive, especially, roller chain, either direction of ro­ been assumed to be much greater adaptable to heavy starting loads or tation may be obtained as well as than they actually are. However, to heavy loads at low speeds and fixed speed ratios to all shafts. with insufficient attention and main­ may be used under atmospheric V-belts, in general, may be used tenance losses are increased. conditions where other drives cannot. on any short-center drive within Ease of installation and removal, permissible speed ratios as the Belts Have Advantages long life with only periodic atten­ sheave, even on small arcs of con­ Advantages of belt drives are: tion to change lubricant, short cen­ tact, grips the belts and prevents ease of installation and repair or ters and high speed are features. excessive slippage. Moisture, dust maintenance, low belt replacement Ordinarily, roller chains are used and atmospheric conditions which cost, absorption of shock, compara­ at lower speeds than permissible do not affect rubber are permissible. tive long life, inexpensive guard or with silent chains. For example, Special oil-resisting belts may be enclosure required, reuse after roller chains are seldom direct con­ obtained. changes in arrangement, adapta­ nected to motors rated above 1200 Less shock and pulsation are trans­ bility to ordinary speed reduction, revolutions per minute, while silent mitted to motor and bearings by V-

November 1, 1937 85 What They Said About the 1937

"Compared with its predecessors and with however, that I only have time to look over other annual or special editions, this issue a few. I never miss a chance, however, to deserves special commendation. read 'Steel' from cover to cover. I think you are to be congratulated in getting out a publication that so completely meets the While our principal requirements are steel, need of the industry." coal and oil, the wide variety of our equip­ —Vice President and Gen. Mgr. ment necessitates the use of hundreds of other parts, materials and supplies. Because of this we find many ideas and suggestions "Looking at it from the Advertisers' angle, for plant, product and method betterment I am quite sure it will be of great value in the editorial and advertising pages of during 1937." this unusual issue." — Advertising Manager —Assistant to the President

"I think this is the best number you have ''I feel that your organization is to be very ever gotten out, and congratulate you most highly complimented on this issue, as it is heartily. In particular, the method of pre­ unusually attractively presented, both from senting the subjects under definite headings a make-up and printing standpoint, with seems to me an excellent one, which makes exceptionally well selected and written it very easy to select the articles to be read articles, and should be a very valuable carefully, while at the same time getting a reference book for the entire steel industry. good general look at the whole picture." There is no doubt that 'Steel' has kept pace ■—-Assistant to President with the Steel Industry, and possibly a little bit ahead. "W hile the editorials, articles and information I expect to keep this issue of 'Steel' on my the issue contains are fine, important and desk until it is replaced by the 1938 issue." educational, it is the advertisements that — President are so impressive. Most of them seem to stand right out and become alive." "There is no doubt in our minds but that our —Vice President ad will bring satisfactory results, for we have to date received sufficient response that assures our conviction in this direction. "As usual 'Steel' has done a magnificent job in the Statistical Issue. I am particularly May we also take this opportunity to compli­ impressed with its layout and ease of sectional ment you on the beauty and general make-up part location. Last week was first chance I of the January edition. This is one of the had of giving it a good once over and some finest copies we have been privileged to of the articles will require a second reading scan. The work shows that intelligent, con­ to do them justice." structive thought was foremost in the minds —Advertising Manager of those responsible for gathering the data and combining it in the issue which has resulted. We can appreciate a compilation "Anyone in our industry can afford to take such as this would be a welcome addition the time required to go through this issue to any office library to serve as a guide many carefully from cover to cover. Not only is times when specific information is required. it a beautiful job to start with, but it is packed We are glad that we selected your medium full of most useful data and information." to represent our offering to the industry." —Advertising Manager — M an ager

"The 'Yearbook of Industry' of STEEL, ” 1 note as I travel around that these annual published January 4, is one of the finest issues are generally kept on hand for refer­ annual review numbers I have ever inspected. e n c e ." I feel confident that it will prove invaluable — President to the iron, steel, coal and power industries for reference purposes. "A great many trade and technical magazines Also, I am quite pleased with the appearance ccme to our plant, and I presume they are and position of our advertisement." all worth while. There are so many of them, — Assistant Secretary

86 /TEEL YEARBOOK ISSUE of STEEL!

"With reference to your 1937 Yearbook, "W e have been thinking a lot of nice things we are pleased to say, in our opinion, it about the January 4 issue of 'Steel' ever is the best issue you have published. While since it reached us, and have also heard a previous issues were good and each succeed­ lot of favorable mention. It is our opinion ing one better than the previous, this issue that this particular issue of your paper has of 1937, in our opinion, surpasses all of them set a mark that will be hard to excel. It and we want to congratulate you for this contains a wealth of valuable and interest­ good record." ing information presented in an attractive —President and General Manager m an n er." —Advertising Manager

"I am very much impressed with the 1937 annual issue of STEEL. Viewed from every "Getting so much information between two angle it is certainly a commendable job and covers without having it somewhat jumbled I w ant to com plim ent you on it. W e take and difficult to locate is rare. Last year's pride in being represented so conspicuously setup arranged the material admirably and in such a conspicuous issue.” you were wise to continue it." —Advertising Manager — M an ager

HOW WILL THE 1938 YEARBOOK SERVE INDUSTRY?

. . . By presenting in the most condensed form possible, business statistics for the preceding year, consumption and production figures, prices, directory of trade names of ferrous and non-ferrous alloys, equipment developed in 1937.

. . . By studying labor and public relations in terms of present needs and future possibilities.

. . . By reviewing expansion in the metalworking and metal producing in­ dustries in 1937, and the financial aspects for the same period.

. . . By discussing construction, railroads, agriculture, containers, automobiles, appliances, pipe lines, air conditioning, machinery, export, etc.

. . . By covering developments in heat treating, machinery, forging and stamping, materials handling, industrial drives, metal finishing, welding, casting, die casting, steelmaking, etc.

. . . By giving market summaries, construction, current news.

. . . By combining all of the above, plus many other business phases, into one homogeneous issue. It will carry all of the features which have made the annual "Yearbook of Industry" issues distinctive in former years. It will contain all of the established articles and departments of current issues such as "The Business Trend", "Mirrors of Motordom", "Windows of Washington" "Materials Handling", "Power Drives", "Progress in Steelmaking", etc.

It will have a complete business history between its covers and will replace the 1937 issue as the reference book for the metal producing and metalworking industries.

November 1, 1937 87 belts than by other types ol drives. use variable speed transmission to to make such examinations period­ Also, V-belts will be affected less by economic advantage. Such equip­ ically. operating with slight misalignment; ment would increase the adapta­ Causes of excessive wear or however, they should be aligned. bility of the drive to varied work wire breaks in such cables can very Replacement cost is low as it re­ and cutting speeds for various sizes often be analyzed, or traced, and quires only renewal of the belts. of tools and different metals. With the reason for the trouble found. When revamping the drive to old the increase in use of special alloys, Various reasons for excessive wear machines with shock or pulsating machine tools operating on a variety on lifting cables have been found, loads, the weight of the flywheel of tasks, as in job work, need one of which is abrasive action. sheaves may be applied or increased greater adaptability to change in Hoist cables, in certain places where to provide additional momentum. working speeds. Ease in making the air is quite heavily charged In many cases the flywheel pulley these changes by control from work­ with abrasives, pick up some of may be grooved or belts run flat ing position, as is possible with the abrasive and it becomes embed­ without grooving, thus eliminating many types of variable speed units, ded between the strands. This is the cost of a large sheave. V-belts is a desirable feature if the ad­ especially true in the case of cables have wide application where quiet vantages of selectibility are to be that have been heavily greased. It operation and freedom from trans- used at all times. should always be remembered that mission of vibration are essential. As drive connections increase in an abrasive atmosphere and a heav­ Ratio Is Constant horsepower transmitted the applica­ ily greased cable is a very bad com­ tion of some of these types of con­ bination. It is better to lubricate On the other hand, V-belts are necting units decrease; other types the cable more sparingly and more endless and, unless the sheave is are fully adaptable to both large often where abrasive is present. at the end of a shaft, partial dis­ and small units. With the wide op­ In some other instances it has mantling is necessary to replace portunity of choice in selecting a been noted that the sheaves are too belts. Also, although speed trans­ drive connection the plant engineer soft for the loads that are to be mission is not positive, the ratio is can use considerable discretion in lifted by the cables running upon practically constant. In installation weighing the advantages and dis­ them. Where this is the case, the it is necessary to provide adjustment advantages of one type against the for tension, elongation and for other. harder wires of the cables embed changing belts. However, where all types arc themselves to some extent in the softer groove of the sheaves. When Variable speed transmissions are adaptable, trouble, if any, usually any slight twisting action comes ordinarily built as a part of the results from attempting to rate the connection of motor to shaft or drive too close to the requirements, up the cable while in use, the wires machine. Several types have the improper installation, or improper of the cable will not register with variable unit as the connector of maintenance and neglect of the the imprints they have formerly input and output shafts. In some proper servicing. The drive con­ made in the sheaves, and an abra­ units of more recent design a nection is important as a poorly - sive and cutting action is set up variable diameter pulley on the drive designed drive w'ill impair produc­ which is highly destructive to both or driven shaft provides for speed tion on a machine or from a group sheave and cable. Examination of adjustment. These are made for of machines. cables for excessive wear, there­ fore, may well include an examina­ multiple V-belt sheaves and for a ♦ special block belt. A few types of tion to determine the condition of mechanical and hydraulic variable Examining Hoist Cables the sheave. speed transmissions are designed to Ordinarily, cables are considered permit straight-line connection. ■ The examination of any cable safe for their original load rating Many drive installations with used in the lifting of relatively heavy until they begin to show broken fixed or step-adjustable speeds could loads is important, and it is wise strands. Where broken strands are high in number, they are of course readily visible. Very often, how­ ever, one, two, or more strands of a cable may be broken and escape the attention of the operator, or may even be overlooked in a hasty examination. A very good method to find such broken strands quickly and easily, is to take a handful Drive connections, of waste and hold it around the such as this from a cable to be examined. Pass it to a 50-inch along forward and backward. Any pulley, or 113l> to 1, broken strands in the cable are sure would not be practi­ to catch one or more threads in the cable without the bunch of waste and these hanging use of a pivoted threads will immediately reveal the m o to r base to m a in ­ existence and the location of breaks. tain tension under ♦ intermittent load. Store spare motors, compensators, Photo courtesy and other equipment with parts Rockwood Mfg. Cc., which may be damaged by conden­ Indianapolis, Ind. sation or moisture, in heated store­ rooms. Moisture collecting deteri­ orates the insulating materials and rusts finished surfaces. As a result, when such equipment is needed it may require considerable attention and repairs before use or soon may fail in service.

88 /TEEL Molding Presses— eign matter. Pump is of compact bustion. An added feature is the design and no special foundation is solid injection fuel system. Standard Machinery Co., Mystic, required. It is complete in itself ♦ Conn., has announced improvements and can be mounted in horizontal, in its self-contained molding presses vertical or angular position. Unit Contour Machine— so that they may be adapted to a consists essentially of a two-stage, wide range of pressures. By either centrifugal pump, with enclosed Continental Machine Specialties of two simple adjustments, it is bronze impellers, mounted directly Inc., 1301 Washington avenue, S., possible to reduce the total rated on the shaft of an F-M splashproof Minneapolis, has announced a new capacity of a Standard press. For motor. There are no flexible coup­ Doall Metalmaster, three-in-one con­ continued maintenance of pressure, lings or alignment problems. Two tour machine, with a 30-inch throat an adjustment, requiring but a few rugged ball bearings take all radial capacity. Designated as model MD, seconds to make, in the high pres­ and unbalanced thrust loads. Im­ the new unit also has the built-in, automatic, instant butt welder for sure pump release valve changes pellers for the two stages are placed the saws and the job selector dial the pressure delivered on the platen back to back, compensating thrust. for selecting the correct speed to of the pump from its total capacity Improved hydraulic design is at­ use in sawing or filing 48 different to any desired point down to ap­ tained by placing the first stage unit next to the motor and the second materials. This model has a new proximately one-third its rated ca­ power work feed actuated by pacity. The same results may be stage on the outside, simplifying the cross-over passage and placing weights and levers. The weight or accomplished by lowering the po­ pull is adjustable with a hand wheel, sition of the “thrust” block. An in­ the stuffing box under suction in­ stead of pressure. A mounting leg and a mechanical toggle permits dicator attached to the block and mechanically rotating the work to a pressure scale on the guide facili­ under the pump end gives the unit added stability. follow a contour. Work table has tate this operation. The Standard self-contained molding presses are ♦ made in 50, 100, 150, and 300-ton models. Diesel Engine— ♦ Murphy Diesel Co., Milwaukee, is Built-Together Pump— manufacturing a new diesel engine in two sizes—a four-cylinder model Fairbanks, Morse & Co., 900 South for uses requiring up to 100 horse­ Wabash avenue, Chicago, has an­ power continuously and a six cylin­ nounced production of a two-stage, der model for uses requiring up to built-together pump—motor and 150 horsepower continuously. Of pump built as a unit—for operating symmetrical design and simplified against heads up to 500 feet and construction, the engine has a single for service with liquids low in vis­ control wheel which acts as a cosity and free from excessive for- throttle as well as to operate the simple gasoline starting mechanism, enabling the change to be made from gasoline to diesel operation at will. Governor, which is actuated by oil pressure, acts as an automatic cut-off for low lubricating oil sup­ ply, stopping the engine immediate­ ly if oil pressure fails for any rea­ son, and a heat exchanger between the cooling water and lubricating oil serves to give quick warm-up to lubricant in cold weather and pre­ vent over-heated oil in hot weather. Fairbanks - Morse built - together Piston construction embodies an al­ The new Doall Metalmaster model pump has motor and pump built loy metal insulating cup on the MD, three-in-one contour ma­ as a unit for horizontal, vertical piston head which shields the body chine, has a throat depth of 30 or angular mounting of the piston from the heat of com­ inches

November 1 , 1937 89 four-way tilt with a new type de­ capacities at 7.5 kilovolts, and in 800 ments the D-201 and the D-382. tachable disk cutting unit. Work amperes at 5 kilovolts. Rupturing These engines are of the removable, thickness capacity is 8 inches al­ capacity is 25,000 kilovolt-amperes. wet cylinder, sleeve type, and old though capacities up to 12 inches Primarily designed for use in type sleeves can be replaced without the can be made on special order. Entire necessity for reboring and regrind­ base of the machine is of arc welded ing the cylinders. Cylinder sleeves steel construction. are of close-grained cast iron, pressed into place with gaskets. De­ sign feature is the valve seat inserts used on all of the exhaust valves to Potentiometer Controller— eliminate danger of valve seat burn­ Taylor Instrument Companies, ing, wear, warpage and pitting. Rochester, N. Y., has announced the Force feed lubrication is supplied by Fulscope Micromax air-operated po­ a gear-type oil pump, and the alloy tentiometer controller for process steel crankshaft rotates in the new­ control problems where smooth, ly-developed steel-backed, copper- proportional valve action is neces­ bonded babbitt bearings. General sary and the potentiometer principle design and valve-in-head construc­ of temperature measurement is pre­ tion are claimed to give the new en­ ferred. Air-operated control is com­ gines high power, acceleration and pletely adjustable and temperature torque characteristics. Accessibility measuring system is the Micromax to valves for tappet adjustment, re­ recording and indicating potentiom­ placements, or maintenance is also eter in which all functions affecting facilitated due to the overhead valve accuracy of temperature measure­ arrangement. ment are fully automatic—reference- ♦ junction compensation, positive bal­ ancing of potentiometer circuit, and Forged Steel Unions— current standardization. The new unit operates in conjunction with Crane Co., 836 South Michigan av­ the Taylor Motosteel diaphragm Delta-Star BR-30E oil-blast circuit enue, Chicago, has announced a new valve. Where precision valve action breaker has a rupturing capacity of line of hammer lug unions compris­ or both precision valve action and 25,000 kilovolt-amperes ing two types—forged steel screwed compensation for changes in load unions with one set of lugs, and may be necessary to prevent devia­ forged steel screwed unions with tion from control point, the Ful- RA, vertical lift, Metal-Clad switch- two sets of lugs. Both of these gear, the new unit is shown with unions have been designed for use tank and mechanism covers re­ in piping systems requiring fre­ moved. It is complete with lifting quent or quick dismantling and are ears, positive interlock bars, pri­ particularly adaptable for service on mary and secondary plug discon­ hydraulic roll balancing systems in nectors. The solenoid mechanism steel mills where quick breaking and breaker head are an integral of union connection is often neces­ unit with internal operating link­ sary. In either case a blow with a age. Design permits permanent ad­ hammer upon the lug will immedi­ justment at all times. Unit is also ately break the joint without the built for manual operation. necessity of using a wrench. The ♦ single lug union is made with forged Dust Collector— steel tailpieces and thread pieces in sizes 2, 2%, 3, and 4-inch Claude B. Schneible Co., 3951 —parts are of cast steel on the lat­ Lawrence avenue, Chicago, is intro­ ter size and have lugs on the union ducing the Junior Multi-Wash dust collector in which dirty air, gasses or fumes are scrubbed five times by an impingement plate arrangement. Dust and fume-burdened air are drawn into the bottom of the tower of the dust collector. Heavier par­ ticles are immediately deposited in Fulscope Micromax is a new air- the sludge cone. Air is drawn up­ operated potentiometer controller ward through a turbulent spray of in which all functions affecting water, in its ascent passing over temperature measurement are two sets of impingement plates fully automatic which scrub the air, freeing it of the remainder of the dust, which is precipitated to the sludge cone at scope control can be supplemented the bottom of the tower. Air is de­ with the Taylor Valv-Precisor or watered by an entrainment separa­ Dubl-Response control unit. tor and discharged. Sludge in the cone is pumped to a Multi-Louver ♦ dewatering tank where the water is Oil-Blast Circuit Breaker— drawn off and recirculated. ♦ Delta-Star Electric Co., 2400 block, Fulton street, Chicago, has an­ Gasoline Engines— Hammer blow on lug of these nounced the BR-30E oil-blast circuit Le Roi Co., Milwaukee, has an­ unions will immediately break t e breaker built in 400 and 600 ampei’e nounced as its latest engine develop­ jo in t /TEEL Most versatile of the Baker line, Baker Crane Y ou’ll find his data on time and cost savings Trucks are daily saving time and money in the detailed and accurate, his suggestions practical many odd jobs of handling steel. Change of and helpful, in solving your own handling lifting equipment only, from hook, as illustra­ problems. There’s no obligation, just write to ted, to magnet, tongs, chain sling, rack or any Baker industrial Truck Division, o f the Baker special device permits the same crane to handle Raulang Company, 2167 West 25th St., Cleveland, Ohio. a wide variety o f materials. Y ou’ll find its use­ fulness practically unlimited, its daily savings an important factor in cutting plant operation costs. • Get all the facts on handling costs from the Baker Materials Handling Engineer.

November 1, 1937 91 ring. The double lug union is all small diameter of the motor frame. forged steel, having lugs on both A micrometer set attachment for the union ring and the thread piece. grinding twist drills up to 1 %-inch It is made in %, %, and %-inch diameter is available as extra equip­ sizes. ment. ♦ ♦ Pipe Tongs— Scrap Iron Grapple— Gearench Mfg. Co., 313 Hughes Owen Bucket Co., Breakwater ave­ Street, Houston, Tex., recently has nue, Cleveland, is manufacturing designed Petol Bukup tongs to be the type RA scrap iron grapple for used in connection with a pipe ma­ handling large quantities of scrap chine for bucking up and bucking iron as well as pigs of non-magnetic off tool joints. Larger sizes may be Spiegel iron. In closing, the line used for breaking out drill collars, which encounters the least resist­ reamers, or similar heavy jobs. Ca­ ance penetrates deeply into the ma­ Beaver No. 48-R pipe tool is for pacity of each tong reduces cost of terial and anchors. The other three threading 234, 3, 3}^ and 4-inch tools required for handling the tines follow in the same order with pipe, American thread, right-hand many sizes of tool joints. Tong can be furnished with convenient hanger for 2H>, 3, 3%, and 4-inch pipe. to assure ease in handling without Extra wide die has a wide throat to hoist block. Handle is designed for center and hold the tool on the pipe. length and rigidity to take care of Driving pinion is straddle-mounted load-indicator requirements. Either with a bearing both above and be­ the fine pitch teeth inserts or low the gear .teeth on the pinion. knurled inserts eliminate deep cuts Dies are held in position by a spring- in the tool joint and tongs cannot be backed ball, fully-enclosed. Proper jammed or frozen to the work. position for cutting dies to a stand­ Spring-clip, knock-out pins in the ard thread is marked by a shoulder chain and hook make it possible to on the tapered post. change from one size to another in a few seconds. ♦ ♦ Automatic Fluxer— Grinder— Automatic Gasflux Co., Cleveland, James Clark Jr., Electric Co., has developed a new machine that Louisville, Ky., has added a 3-horse­ automatically dispenses brazing flux. power floor grinder to its line of in­ Gas line runs through this Gasfluxer dustrial grinding equipment. The and as gas passes through it is new grinder is adaptable for either impregnated with a special flux. production work or general tool Flux then travels with the gas to grinding. Rotor shaft is mounted in the torch tip and is expelled in the heavy-duty, precision-type ball bear­ flame. Special flux used has a low ings, grease lubricated. Overall Owen scrap iron grapple is made melting point and, dispensed in a housings protect bearings against with arm-type, semiblade or full minimum quantity, it creeps ahead entrance of grit and dirt. Motor is blade tines of and is always under the brazing totally enclosed and rated at 3 puddle. It is claimed to penetrate horsepower for constant duty at thoroughly and quickly, preparing 1750 revolutions per minute. Max­ a powei’ful gathering, closing action metals so that a particularly tight as of a giant hand. It is claimed imum wheel wear and maximum weld is secured. clearance for work is assured by small scrap, bushelings and stove plate are picked up in grabs so large that the grapple is far from closed \ and still there is no spillage after the grapple has compressed these materials between its tines. Proper­ ly operated, it is said to loosen larger pieces of matted material and pull them out individually when necessary. Arm-type, semiblade, or full blade tines are available and the grapples are manufactured in capacities of from 3 to 60 tons. ♦ Pipe Tool— Beaver Pipe Tools Inc., Warren, O., has announced the No. 48-R pipe tool for threading 2 'A to 4- inch pipe for those preferring the semiadjustable, taper-post type of pipe threader, using a separate set of dies for each size. The new unit is American thread, right-hand only, and not available in British thread or special thread pitches. Net weight Three-horsepower floor grinder is is 58 pounds and it has fully-enclosed Gasfluxer is an automatic machine latest addition to the Clark line gears and four sets of dies, one each for dispensing brazing flux /TEEL 92 ■ To focus attention upon the thirty-eighth annual conven­ tion of the International Ace­ tylene association, Nov. 10-12, in Birmingham, Ala., STEEL presents this special section reviewing progress and ex­ panding applications of the oxyacetylene process in the metal producing and metal­ working industries during the past year. The meeting, first to be held in the south, will chart the course for future achievements The IAA Convention in Birmingham

November 10,11, and 12 3 Profitable Days

94 /TEEL PROGRAM Condensed Summary Technical Sessions Wednesday, November 10, 1937 The program for the 38th Annual Convention of the 12:15 P.M.—Opening Luncheon, Address of Welcome, Keynote Address, President’s International Acetylene Association includes papers and Address, and Presentation of Mnrchcad discussions on everything that is new and ready for you M edal. Peacock Ball Room, Tulwiler Hotel. to use in connection with the oxy-acetylene welding, cut­ 2:30 P.M.—Technical Session. Peacock Ball ting and flame-treating processes. It is full of ideas you Room, Tutwiler Hotel. General Topic: can take back to your own joh to help improve your “Speeding Manufacture and Construction with Oxy-Acctylene Welding”—with papers efficiency and increase profits. You will gain much valu­ on . . . Butt-Welding of Railroad Kails . . . able information from the subjects, “ Speeding Manufac­ Piping Design, Fabrication and Erection .. . turing and Construction with Oxy-Acetylene Welding” , Joining Copper Bus-Bars with Brazing “ How and Why to Use Oxy-Acetylene Cutting” , and Alloys . . . Bronze-Welding of Cast Iron Pipe . . . Multi-Lengthening Cast Iron Pipe “ Maintenance and Operations Uses of the Oxy-Acetylene by Welding. Process” , scheduled for the technical sessions. 8:15 P.M.—Engineering Round Table Discus­ IVelding and Cutting Round Tables sion on Problems of Economics, Manage­ ment and Design as related to welding and With well-informed chairmen and expert technical cutting. Phillips High School Auditorium. advisers to answer your questions, these meetings offer a real opportunity to learn more about the phases of weld­ Thursday, November 11, 1937. ing and cutting in which you are interested. The plans for 12:15 P.M.—Annual Luncheon and Business both evenings include a group of meetings, held concur­ Meeting, Report of Oxy-Acetylene, Legisla­ rently, for open discussion of the subject in hand. No tive, and other important Committees. Peacock Bull Room, Tulwiler Hotel. stenographic reports will be kept. The meetings will be 2:30 P.M.—Technical Session. Peacock Ball entirely informal. You must be present to benefit from Room, Tutwiler Hotel. General Topic: “How the free and frank Round Table Discussions. and Why to Use Oxy-Acetylene Cutting” — with papers on . . . Oxy-Acetylene Cutting Plant Inspection Trip in Fabrication . . . Management of Machine An interesting and unusual tour through the Tennessee Cutting Operations . .. Cutting and Temper­ Coal, Iron and Railroad Company’s Ensley and Fairfield ing of Structural Steels . . . Use of Shape- properties has been arranged to provide illustrations of Cut Parts in Machine Design . . . Oxy-Acety- lene Cutting as Applied to Repair and Con­ many of the welding and cutting techniques discussed dur­ version of Present Cargo Vessels to Tankers, ing the convention. The itinerary will include stops at the and to Marine Work. rail mill, mines, open hearth blast furnace, and the new 8:15 P.M.—Operating Round Table Discussion sheet mill. on Practical Problems of Welding and Cut­ ting. Phillips High School Auditorium. Everyone Welcome—An Educational Opportunity Interested visitors and guests, as well as members and Friday, November 12, 1937 delegates, are cordially invited to attend every session of 8:30 A.M.—Plant Inspection Trip. the 38th Annual I.A.A. Convention. 3:00 P.M.—Technical Session. Peacock Ball While admittance to all meetings is by official registra­ Room, Tutwiler Hotel. General Topic: “Maintenance and Operations Uses of the tion badge or ticket, there is no registration fee. Oxy-Acetylene Process”—with papers oh . . . Write to the Secretary now for a copy of the complete Selective Hardening of Ferrous Materials program. You and your business will profit. with the Oxy-Acetylene Flame . . . Flame Hardening . . . Important Uses of the Oxy- INTERNATIONAL ACETYLENE ASSOCIATION Acetylene Process in Steel Mill Operations . . . Reclamation of Textile Mill Parts . . . Established 1898 Welding Stainless and Alloy Steels. 30 East 42nd Street, New York, N. Y.

38th ANNUAL CONVENTION Tutwiler Hôtel, Birmingham, Ala., November 10, 11, and 12

November 1, 1937 95 New Development Âcetylen

obsolescent parts. The world arma­ thousands of worn out cars to be ment race brought scrap from the replaced, the oxyacetylene cutting steerage of freighter bottoms to torch gave a ready answer to the the first class luxury liners and this problem of rapidly converting enhanced value of scrap added im­ millions of tons of scrap to salable petus to the desire of industry to size. Thousands of new cutting torches were lit throughout the country and placed in the hands of men with no previous training in the battered ends of our industry. The problem of train­ worn rails with the oxyacetylene Abstracted from a report to be ing these operators in particular torch accounted for considerable presented at the thirty-eighth and of taking up the slack caused annual convention of the Inter­ savings to railroads by the general lack of oxyacetylene national Acetylene association, operator apprenticeship during the Birmingham, November 10-12, depression years, was thrust square­ this article presents a picture of ly at our industry in intensified progress in applications and form by this scrapping activity. uses of acetylene during the HE economic vigor of an indus­ Operator training occupied a good T past year try is shown not only by the portion of the year’s service of our way in which it suits its gait industry. to the varying pulse of the Another feature of the year 1937 business cycle, but also by its abili­ was the increased acceptance of ty to develop new processes as out­ make room for expansion by the oxyacetylene process as one lets for its products to replace that sloughing off outmoded equipment. which warranted a permanent in­ portion of its substance lost by the Extensive and highly organized vestment in the form of pipe lines constant attrition of competitive in­ sci’apping programs thus became a to distribute oxygen and in some dustries. The year 1937 tested the feature of the year’s activity. In cases acetylene from central loca­ vigor of the oxyacetylene industry the heavy industries, where obso­ tions to all consuming points. An not only to the limit of its produc­ lescent plants were plentiful and ever increasing number of indus­ tive capacity; it tested its ability to particularly in the railroads with trial plants have come to the reali- supply technical developments in large measure to answer the insist­ ent pressure of the industries it serves to make things faster, cheap­ er and better. In reviewing the state of the oxyacetylene industry in 1937, special emphasis will be laid on these newer technical de­ velopments of our industry as they present themselves on the unfold­ ing picture of the year’s progress, and as they evidence solutions to the problems of industrial produc­ tion. For industry in general, 1937 was a year of renovation, of expanding productive equipment, of scrapping

Gear hardening with the torch and with multiflame heads has found increasing applications

96 /TEEL Become Key To Progress

BY DR. G. V. SLOTTMÄN Air Reduction Sales Co., New York

zation that with oxygen piped and badly cracked to warrant chipping, conveniently available throughout deseaming is taking its place as a a plant, many problems which yield­ production tool of the steel indus­ ed laboriously to the hacksaw or try. The advent of the high pro­ sledge, disappear entirely in the duction continuous strip mills to heat of the oxyacetylene flame. be fed with large tonnages of con­ Oxygen, instead of being the pro­ ditioned slabs, and the increasing quality demands of steel consumers verbial plumber's tool to be gone Well-designed jigs and fixtures after, stands ready to serve at the requiring finer conditioning of the facilitate welding operations crack of a valve and tolerates no stock, have brought the scarfing competitive process in speed or torch into the chipping yard. Larger economy. The general availability sections, ingots, slabs and blooms of pipe line oxygen throughout in­ are being generally skinned or spot dustrial plants, and particularly in scarfed with the oxyacetylene torch. ess. By mounting a number of scarf­ those departments where use is The extension of the process to bil­ ing torches on a traversing car­ heavy, is coming to be the accepted let sections as small as two inch riage, whole surfaces of blooms form of oxygen distribution. The squares is in progress and prom­ fourteen inches in width can be re­ service of the oxyacetylene indus­ ises to be as universally acceptable moved at linear speeds greater try in fostering, planning and in­ as the conditioning of larger stocks. than two feet per second. The prob­ stalling such piping systems has To paraphrase the words of an lems of surface condition in high resulted in a wider use of its prod­ executive of one of the country’s quality steels, which have been ucts, and has benefited industry in largest steel producers, “The use solved in the past by mechanical general by increasing the efficient of the oxyacetylene process for skinning tools, are now being at­ and economic use of its processes. steel conditioning is without doubt tacked from the basis of using sta­ The use of oxygen to condition the most significant development in tionary scarfing machines perma­ steel stock for the finishing mills, and the art of steel making within re­ nently located at the blooming or to replace the chipping hammer, is cent years”. slabbing mills to completely de­ becoming widely accepted. For­ Machine operation of scarfing surface the hot slab, or bloom as merly regarded as, at best, a sal­ torches marks a further develop­ it passes to the finishing mills. The vaging process, to reclaim stock too ment of the steel conditioning proc­ operation of steel conditioning with the oxyacetylene process repre­ sents one of the finest examples of the service of the oxyacetylene industry to the basic industries of this country. Railroad activity in car scrapping has already been commented on. As with the renovation of the rolling stock, improvement of the right-of- way was similarly studied. Wider application was made of the oxy­ acetylene pi'ocess of rail joint hard­ ening to resist batter, and the building up by welding of battered rail ends. A number of machines were developed with the purpose of making the rail end hardening proc­ ess semiautomatic. Rail joint better-

Marked increase has been noted in the use of machine gas cutting in a wide range of industries

November 1, 1937 97 a 0 R T UNITY. >tylene machine ■sed at the 38th ■¡ition of the Inter­ viene Association, 1er Birmingham, 11, and 12, 1W

A b o ve. I he Oxweld CM -12 Cutting Machine is unequalled for fully automatic, production shape cutting. Two or more cutting blowpipes can be used simultaneously for production shaping of similar parts. The blowpipes can be adjusted to any angle for bevel cutting. R igh t. The new Oxweld CM -16 portable cutting machine can cut steel plate up to 4 inches thick in straight lines or circles automatically; or when guided by hand, it can cut irregular shapes. The machine can be easily carried from job to job.

¿-üf'Lrîi Khi- îinrLcaik: . arm r¿acíihr and; Vv/from' a i 2-inch thick slab o í■ ^ - -Cüttinií- ín two planes, N'eût'

; «OÿürHEe! , ■ - - -. ■ vj*. this 3-ron pttmpn. \t¿: »h* DÍ ÜÏV VUi

98 / TEEL remove many Limitations in Fabricating Steel

S I EEL shapes of any kind—simple flat Also, since flame cutting can he used for mak­ pieces or complex shapes which require ing many classes of replacement parts, he fre­ cutting in a number of planes—can be cut quently can reduce parts inventories and the quickly and economically from plate or other risk of parts obsolescence. rolled, cast or forged steel sections with Ox- weld oxy-acetylene shape-cutting machines. Complete Line of Oxweld Machines There is an Oxweld flame cutting machine Facilitates all Phases of Production — portable or stationary, partly or fully auto­ Flame cutting simplifies manufacturing op­ matic, of almost any capacity— for every cut­ erations in many ways. Production is speeded ting need. A representative from the nearest up; costs are lowered. Parts and equipment Linde office will gladly review with you the are designed for their most effective and prac­ possibilities of improving cutting accuracy tical use. Expensive change-overs in machinery and of expanding and speeding up production for the shaping of redesigned parts do not have in your plant with machine flame cutting. He to be considered; no such limitations exist will help you select the Oxweld machine best when flame cutting is utilized. Design changes fitted to lower your manufacturing costs. Your can be made either gradually or rapidly; only request for this help will not obligate you. new drawings or templets are needed to pro­ The Linde Air Products Company, Unit of duce shapes of changed outline and dimension. Union Carbide and Carbon Corporation, New As a result, the user of flame cutting often York and principal cities. gains many sales advantages for his products. The word “ Oxweld” used herein is a registered trade-mark.

L e ft The cuts for this forg ksh completed in iy minutes by an Oxweld cutting ma­ chine. R igh t. After this cylinder yoke for a scrap- baling machine was shaped by flame cutting, little machining was necessary.

xv-Acetylene Welding and Glutting ______

PSEST^UTE SCETYlENt - OX WELD «PMS&TUS a»b supplies r K v ) ¡VI LINDE UKIOK ÇAR3IDJÉ |j|jjjjjj m Ê Ê i- ' ...... "

November 1, 1937 99 lines marked a new development in unions offered courses to their mem­ the pipe welding field. The grain bers. Much of this educational work, refining and stress relieving effects however, fell upon the members of of multiple passes laid down with the oxyacetylene industry as sup­ the oxyacetylene torch have allowed pliers of equipment or welding of obtaining physicals, particularly gases and our perfoi’mance in this in ductility and impact resistance, phase represents one of the high­ suitable to the most exacting serv­ lights of the year’s activity. ice. In the nonferrous field, the wide Continued use is being made of acceptance by codifying bodies of multiflame tips and semiautomatic hard solders of the silver solder multiflame welding holders, partic­ type, applicable only with the oxy­ ularly in the production double acetylene flame, has opened up vir­ lengthening of pipe in the mill. The gin territory in replacing older problem of welding casing in the methods of fabrication in general oil fields of the southwest and of plumbing. Here again the problem producing welds in the higher car­ of educating old crafts to new proc­ bon ranges which will stand drastic esses has fallen upon our industry. quenching without serious effects One of the most spectacular uses on the physicals was investigated of silver solders, and one which will For greater strength and safety, with promising results. Mechanical be discussed during the present con­ airplane fuselages and frameworks welding of pipe and tubing using vention, is in the assemblage of are fabricated of chromium- multiflame oxyacetylene welding copper bus bars for collecting and molybdenum steel tubing by oxy- acetylene welding. This is now a standard practice in airplane manufacturing plants

ment programs running into hun­ Progress in weld­ dreds of miles oi track were com­ ed piping is il­ mon to the larger roads. lustrated by this Several large rail cropping pro­ large diameter grams made use of oxyacetylene cutting machines in place of fric­ pipe for water tion saws for producing a smoothly service at Grand cut rail section, back of the bat­ C ou lee d a m tered end, suitable for re-service in the line and at a considerable sav­ ing in time and money over the older process. Rail joint welding to eliminate joint maintenance entire­ ly and to improve electrical con­ ductivity for signal and power cir­ cuits continued to find growing ap­ tips was a very active field and the distributing electric current in large plication. Oxyacetylene bronze or past year saw a large number of central station and other power steel welding of mine car and in­ new applications of this process. projects. Jointing of the bus bar dustrial crane rails has become The widespread acceptance and members was formerly done with common practice. Several long tun­ specification of welded piping in rivets. Vibration and the continual nel sections of railroad rail were governmental resettlement and pri­ heating and cooling of the joints in oxyacetylene steel welded. Experi­ vate housing projects during the service gradually increased the re­ mental work on railroad track in past year created a demand for sistance of the joint, impairing its the open has also been continued, trained pipe welding operators electrical efficiency and becoming a with promising results. which was successfully met by the source of constant maintenance ex­ The introduction of multilayer or co-operation of many educational pense. Silver soldering these mem­ multipass oxyacetylene welding of bodies. Municipalities co-operated in bers, provides joints of exception­ heavy wall pipe for high-pressure, offering the facilities of their trade ally low electrical resistance, high high-temperature steam and oil schools. In some localities, trade physical strength, freedom from maintenance and allows of stream­ lining the bus bar assembly, im­ proving its utility and appearance. Bronze welding continues to be the accepted method of rebuilding worn parts and for heavy mainte­ nance and repair work. As bronze Deseaming ingots welding requires only tinning of the base metal to form a permanent with the torch bond, it is possible to repair many has become quite broken parts in place using only widely accepted light local preheating. Strong duc­ in the steel in­ tile welds are made, often superior du stry in strength to the base metal, mak­ ing possible the salvage of many expensive parts, and what is fre­ quently more important, preventing long shutdowns of productive equip­ ment. In this latter field, bronze 100 /TEEL U th e S U P E R I O R jju e l

AIR REDUCTION SALES CO. S-ll 60 East 42nd Street, New York, N. Y.

Seud me a free copy of the AIRCO ACETYLENE booklet.

N A M E .

FIRM

ADDRESS

C I T Y ...... S T A T E .

November 1, 1937 101 Hundreds of Ways

HAYNES STELL1TE WELDING ROD is economically applied to thousands of wearing sur- faces to give them longer service life. The valve seats and disks shown here are typical examples.

HAYNES STELLITING MEANS MORE THAN LONGER LIFE

In addition to longer life and fewer replace­ ments, Haynes Stelliting often makes other im­ portant savings. Consider these economies that resulted from hard-facing the following parts:

Ditcher teeth—Fuel consumption reduced IS per cent.

Cement grinder rings— Efficiency increased 30 per cent.

Rail mill guides—Guide inventor}'- reduced 80 per cent.

H ot shear blades—Cleaner cut and better edges produced.

Car wheel punches— Subsequent machining costs reduced 40 per cent.

Coal bits— Savings of 25 per cent made in power consumption.

Pulverizer hammers—More uniform sizing of coal obtained.

Coke pusher shoes— Longer life obtained from furnace floor.

Dies—Grinding costs reduced 89 per cent.

/TEEL with Haynes Stellite Welding Rod

H OT or cold, a Haynes Stellited sur­ tion. It produces a general increase in face is one of the most resistant to operating efficiency. abrasive wear that is known. It makes Performance Records wearing parts last from 3 to 10 times as long as similar parts that have not The accompanying photographs of hard-faced valves and seats show a few been Haynes Stellited. of the almost countless ways in which Haynes Stelliting Economies Haynes Stellite combats wear, mini­ The widespread use ot Haynes Stel­ mizes maintenance and saves money. lite welding rod by present-day indus­ Five hundred other money-saving ap­ tries is effecting major cost reductions in plications of Haynes Stellite, taken from many ways. It gives longer service life actual performance records, are de­ to equipment. It saves parts replace­ scribed in the book “Hard-Facing With ments, with resulting savings in main­ Haynes Stellite Products.” A new 104- tenance and production. It permits the page, 4th edition is now use of cheaper base metals for wearing ready. Write the nearest parts. It enables worn parts to be sal­ office today and a copy of vaged or reclaimed. It avoids sluggish this book will be sent to operation and lowers power consump­ you without obligation.

HAYNES STELLITE COMPANY Unit of Union Carbide and Carbon Corporation ins Chicago - Cleveland * Detroit - Houston - Los Angeles - New York - San Francisco - Tulsa

A red-hard, wear-resisting alloy of General Office und Works— Kokomo, Indiana Cobalt, Chromium and Tungsten Foreign Sales Department—New York City

L !F F HATHi l-i til 2, "I i»C" Cvitnilci ilCm! Kt Oil" ¡«¡it Ijl.S ^%ne>. Stcllircd esixit^t vjlvfc seat^ insert, and' is -t111 i

: : -iuh

November 1, 1937 103 welding repeatedly performs in cision and to reduce vibration, lost tion metallurgicaliy analogous to spectacular fashion to the benefit of motion and other sources of cut the widely used iurnace hardening the heavy industries. irregularity. methods. Dating from the begin­ Increased use of fabricated parts The cutting process itself and the nings of the oxyacetylene industry and intensified activity in machine effects of oxyacetylene cutting on and used in a limited manner in cutting development have marked the physicals of certain steels have certain applications, the general the year’s activity in the general been studied and the scope of the utility of this process has been manufacturing industries. A rapid cutting field continuously expanded. strangely restricted. transition in the status of oxyacety­ Similarly, with high carbon steels Starting with the contact surfaces lene cutting from the roughing out which show a tendency to check of large gear teeth, this process has tool to the accurately precise fin­ at the cut surface, the use of auxil­ been gradually extended to cover a ishing tool is taking place. A wide iary preheating flames to preheat wide field of application including variety of oxyacetylene cutting ma­ the line of cut has made it possible shieve wheels, cross head guides, chines are available to the fabricat­ to cut such steels without preheat­ cam shafts, ball races, sprocket ing industries from the light port­ ing the entire piece. Methods have wheels, shafts and other wearing able straight line and circle cutting also been developed for machine parts common to machine design. machines to production machines cutting the stainless and Monel clad The past year has seen an increas­ capable of cutting plates of unlim­ steels, which have proved of great ingly general recognition of the ited length and in the greatest value to the industries using these scope and utility of this process by widths rolled, without movement of materials. machine manufacturers. An active the work. Multiple torch operation An interesting development of the development of suitable oxyacety­ on these machines allows of mass past year has been the revival and lene equipment, particularly water production of washers, flanges, car wide-spread application of the old cooled multiflame tips and torches, frames and similar parts. process of torch hardening. This and machines for guiding these tips Much attention has been given to process, variously known as flame, across the surfaces to be hardened as well as a thorough study of the hardening technique are in prog­ ress, which will make the flame hardening process steadily more serviceable to industry. The two papers on flame hardening which will be presented at this meeting indicate the general interest which In many opera­ has been aroused by this process. tions requiring Continued acceptance of welding hardening, flame and cutting by the various codify­ treatment h a s ing bodies has been a feature of solved difficult the past year. Of most general im­ heat treating port perhaps, is the allowance of prob lem s structural welding in the recently revised building code of the City of New York, particularly since this code serves as a model for many other municipalities through­ out the country. A broad increase in the use of the oxyacetylene proc­ ess for cutting and preparing weld­ ing surfaces in the field is to be expected as a result of the more the planning of fabricating prob­ surface, selective or torch harden­ general application of welding in lems, to the selection of suitable ing utilizes the oxyacetylene flame equipment from the variety of ma­ as a heating medium in an opera­ (Please turn to Page 120) chines available, to the handling of material at the machines and to pro­ duction scheduling to insure their efficient use. Portability and flexi­ bility have always been considered among the prime advantages of cutting machines. This concept of a cutting machine, as being a port­ able tool to be brought to the work, has been changing in certain op­ erations, particularly in riser cut­ ting, to that of a tool permanently located on a production line work­ ing on the passing material. The mechanical features of cutting ma­ chines ai'e being constantly studied and improved to increase their pre­

i abrication of refrigerator units by oxyacetylene welding represents a major advance in design for pro­ d u ction PROTECTION ¿ 4 • ill NATIONAL

N OW you can have hardness exactly where you want it—on outside surfaces only. The simple National Flame Hardening Gear W heel Hardening— Torch process is the quick and easy way to get in­ in working position. creased surface wear resistance and keep de­ sired core strength and ductility. Quick, shallow-depth heating by an oxy-acetylene flame followed with a water quench creates this ideal result of exterior hardness and in­ terior strength. This can be done with any hardenable steel—without changing physical properties, or causing distortion. National Flame Hardening Advantages Low Process Cost. I Hardening of entire unit is unnecessary. 1 Rapidity makes it a production process. Use of simple carbon steel is often possible instead of expensive alloys. ¡1 Maximum surface hardness is not sacrificed . to retain necessary core properties. The process combines all the advantages of other methods, and in addition, is readily National Cylinder Gas Co., adapted to production work. 205 W. Wacker Drive, Chicago, 111. Gentlemen: There are so many varied applications of the National I am interested in National Flame Hare Flame Hardening process that each requires special ing and its application to my proble consideration. Burner designs, technique and equip­ ment are adapted to each problem —the National Name. Process will help you solve yours economically and Product. efficiently. Round Table Talks

Offer Opportunity

For Discussion

F OR the first time in the South, convention of the International jects will be treated from the prac­ at the Birmingham convention Acetylene association includes two tical angle. How to do certain jobs, of the International Acetylene evening sessions of round table dis­ what materials to use and all association, managers, engineers, cussions. Both will be held in “down-to-earth” details of actual foremen and welding operators will Phillips high school. The first, or welding and cutting work will be exchange ideas on important phases engineering session, will be held considered. of oxyacetylene welding and cutting Nov. 10, and is for those who are, Each session will consist of a at a series of round table discus­ or who will be in the future, con­ series of concurrent meetings de­ sions. These meetings will be strict­ cerned with the planning and super­ voted to particular phases of oxy­ ly informal and will offer an un­ vising of welding and cutting opera­ acetylene welding and cutting. Each usual opportunity to obtain authori­ tions. This series of discussion meeting will be conducted informal­ tative, unbiased opinions on every­ groups will be of particular interest ly by a chairman who will be as­ day problems concerned with oxy­ to managers, engineers, foremen sisted by guest technical advisors acetylene welding and cutting. Out­ and field supervisors, but is open of national and international prom­ standing leaders, experts in their to all those desiring to attend. Open inence. The advisors, each an au­ field, will be present to answer ques­ discussion of economics, manage­ thority on the subject under discus­ tions on management and on tech­ ment and design relating to weld­ sion in his group, will be present nical aspects of the oxyacetylene ing and cutting is invited. to answer all relevant questions as process. As no record will be kept The second, or operation session, completely and impartially as pos­ of the discussions, it is expected will be held Nov. 11, and should be sible. that frank opinions will be ex­ of interest to shop owners, welding Subjects to b e discussed in group pressed. and cutting operators, foremen, su­ meetings at the first, or engineer­ The program for the 38th annual pervisors, and others planning, man­ ing session, will include, first, aging, and performing welding or "Codes, Regulations and Operator cutting operations. Scheduled sub- Training.” Discussion here will con­ fine itself to the problem of eco­ nomical management relating to teaching operators quickly and ef­ ficiently, the testing and qualifica­ tion of operators, specifications and code requirements. The recent revisions in the boiler repair rules, AMES I. BANASH, chairman of the Wed­ nesday evening round table discussions, is issued in 1936 by the authority of / a graduate of Massachusetts Institute of Tech­ the National Board of Boiler and nology. He is \nown as a nation-wide au­ Pressure Vessel Inspectors has defi­ thority on safety measures concerning com­ nitely established the recognition of pressed gases. He is consulting engineer ¡or fusion welding for this type of re- the International Acetylene association, a past pair. In addition, a series of inter­ president of the National Safety council and esting tests organized under the was formerly head of the casualty department American Standard association to of Underwriters’ Laboratories. He has been a determine the shearing strength ol member of the executive committee of the steel anchor clips bronze-welded to National Safety council since 1928, and since cast iron pipe were recently com­ 1931 he has served as the National Safety pleted. These investigations, to­ •ouncil's representative on the National Fire J. I. Banash Waste council gether with the American Welding

106 /TEEL society investigations, published as mentioned, and it is to be expected sidered from the operating angle. “Specifications for the Design, Con­ that there will be a splendid attend­ “Low Temperature Brazing and struction, Alteration, and Repair of ance at this group meeting. Use of the Air-Acetylene Flame” Highway and Railway Bridges by The ever-present problem of “Fire will constitute a group discussion of Fusion Welding,” have raised many Prevention and Safety” will be dis­ an almost entirely new subject. In questions in regard to regulations, cussed at another group meeting. the domestic and office building design and management. Because Recent interest has centered about heating and air-conditioning field, of these many recognitions, it is ex­ this subject, especially with regal’d tremendous impetus has been pected that the group meetings re­ to the safe handling of welding and opened in the use of copper and lating to codes and regulations will cutting equipment, and the proper brass tubing with solder-type fit­ be exceptionally well attended. use of portable oxyacetylene cutting tings. Lower installation costs, “Hard-Facing,” is the subject of equipment. Safe locations and sur­ speed of installation, the ease of another meeting. Here, economies, roundings will be discussed as well making alterations and renovations the design of parts for hard-facing, as the causes of fires and how best in existing buildings, and the ulti­ the resurfacing of worn parts, the to prevent them. Representatives mate permanence and maintenance- use of hard-facing in production of Underwriters’ Laboratories Inc., free operation of such systems hold operations and related subjects will Factory Mutual Laboratories, the wide appeal. In addition, the wide­ be discussed pro and con. Because National Safety council and other spread use o f zinc die castings has so many manufacturers of machine important regulatory bodies are ex­ opened up a considerable market for parts have standardized on hard- pected to advise and suggest the the repair welding shop operator. faced equipment in the past year, proper procedures for best accom­ These subjects, together with the this economical process has as­ plishing fire prevention. older topics of lead burning and sumed a position of primary im­ The many new methods of pipe armature soldering will form the portance in the field of industrial welding introduced within the last basis for discussion in this group. maintenance. Interest in the sub­ few years have focused attention on Sheet Metal Welding ject runs high, and a capacity this subject. In addition, overland crowd is expected. pipe construction has had a year of “Sheet Metal and Steel Plate Welding” has become almost an in­ To Discuss Cutting marked activity. The all-bell-hole type of construction, multiflame dustry in its own right. Production The many and varied uses of oxy- welding, multilayer welding, and welding methods, the pi’oper use of acetylene cutting, especially ma­ jigs and fixtures, prevention of dis­ chine cutting, are gaining much in­ tortion and similar topics are heard terest in fabrication plants. In ad­ wherever welding operators are dition, the versatility of the oxygen gathered. This subject is so impor­ lance for penetrating almost any tant that the gi'oup discussing sheet thickness of metal has proved to be metal and steel plate welding will of special interest. Thus, the ses­ surely be augmented by a number sion devoted to “Cutting and Use of of engineers, designers, and man­ the Oxygen Lance,” in which such agers of fabricating shops manu­ topics as management of machine- facturing sheet metal products by cutting operations, hand cutting, fusion welding. how to use the oxygen lance, costs, Last but not least, the well-known and similar subjects will be treated, subject of “Bronze-Welding” will be is expected to arouse considerable welded power plant piping, design, taken up in a discussion group. The enthusiasm. and fabrication, will be among the bronze-welding process, which is For the benefit of those interested topics under consideration at the used so widely for repairing broken in the welding of nonferrous met­ gi’oup discussion on “Pipe Weld­ castings and maintenance welding als, one group meeting will be de­ ing.” in large industrial plants, is always voted to “Aluminum, Nickel, Cop­ At the second session of the weld­ the center of interest wherever per, and Other Nonferrous Metals.” ing and cutting round table discus­ welding is done. When to use the Subjects under consideration will sions, special consideration will be process, how to get best results, include how and when to weld non- given to the practical aspects of when to preheat, and the proper ma­ ferrous metals, production and each process. Here again, the most terials to use are but a few of the welding, repair of broken parts, and important subjects, “Pipe Weld­ timely subjects which will be dis­ the special techniques required for ing” ; “ Cutting and Use of the Oxy­ cussed in this group. welding various materials. The im­ gen Lance”; “Stainless and Alloy portance of this phase of oxyacety- Steels” ; “Aluminum, Nickel, Cop­ lene welding has been growing per and Other Nonferrous Metals” ; steadily, and many new techniques and “Hard-Facing” will be repeated have been developed in recent years. from a practical viewpoint. In addi­ The technical advisors chosen for tion, other specific phases of the this group represent many of the oxy-acetylene process will be con- leading nonferrous metal manufac­ turers. Designing for the effective use of high-strength stainless and alloy ♦ steels, and consideration of how and where to use these products, are among the foremost considerations before engineers today. Welded S. HAYS, managing director of the American Welding society, is general construction and high-strength al­ chairman of the Thursday evening round table loy steels go hand in hand in the discussions. He is a graduate of Yale uni­ fabrication of stronger and lighter versity. For many years Mr. Hays has main­ equipment. Another group of the tained his own consulting engineering and as­ round table discussions will be de­ sociation executive office. He is a past presi­ voted to these problems. This mod­ dent of the American Trade Association Execu­ ern, up-to-date phase of welding and tives and also a former officer of the Na­ cutting arouses interest whenever tional Industrial Advertisers W . S .: Hays

November 1, 1937 107 Acetylene Industry

Assumes Major Proportions

BY C. D’W. GIBSON

President, International Acetylene Association

L AST year Mr. Epperson gave our interests in the drafting rooms us the definition that “ an asso­ An annual feature of the Inter­ of literally hundreds of industries. ciation was a body of people national Acetylene association And now as we look at our progeny, united in the interest of a common a healthy man of 40, we find him object.” In 1892 not so very far meeting is the president's investigating new fields. Life begins from here, calcium carbide was dis­ address, highlighting the work at 40 and carries with it a trace of covered and the progeny of this in­ of the year in the industry. earlier experiences. teresting and valuable substance, STEEL presents herewith an Those of us who are accustomed to (acetylene gas) became the object abstract of this year's message think of acetylene as a fuel gas for of our attention. Our association oxyacetylene welding and cutting was formed in 1898 just a few years operations, or for house lighting after the beginning of the industry. and miners’ lamps, possibly fail to This association, of course, interest­ sen burners, and the early oxyacety- realize the exceedingly rapid growth ed itself immediately in the care lene blow pipes. In more recent that acetylene is making in the and development of this interesting years, efficient applications of chemical industry, not only in this and healthy child, and during the acetylene to automatic welding country but all over the world. past foi'ty-five years we can turn operations and semiautomatic flame An astounding proportion of car­ back the pages of our diary and re­ cutting machines have taken our bide is used in this country for mak­ call experiences in the house light­ products over the thresholds of new ing acetylene which, in turn, is util­ ing field, with miners’ lamps, Bun- industrial plants and have projected ized in the production of acetic acid,

D’IV. GIBSON, president, International C Acetylene association, is assistant vice president and general sates manager, Air Reduction Co. Inc., New Yorl{. A native of Schenectady, N. Y., Mr. Gibson attended Union college where he studied electrical en­ gineering. He has been active in the oxy- icetylene industry for eighteen years and prom­ inent in the affairs of International Acetylene association for several years, having served as a member of both the executive committee and the program, publicity and arrangements committee, as vice president last year, and now president. Other societies in which Mr. Gibson is active include the American Iron and Steel Institute and the American Welding society ♦ LMER H. SMITH, president, Commercial E Gas Co., Minneapolis, is vice president of the International Acetylene association. A graduate of the University of Minnesota, he began his welding career as a representative of Davis-Bournonville Co. Since 1918 he has been identified with Smith Welding Equip­ C. D’ W. Gibson ment Corp. and since 1920 he has been presi­ E. H. Smith dent of Commercial Gas Co. 108 /TEEL OUR GAS WELDING COSTS WERE 30% LESS LAST MONTH. HOW COME?

m m

"This Rego Economizer did Ihe irick for us boss! It's a ■> • ■ mm cinch for us welders 'cause all we do is hang the torch up like this and presto, the flame goes out. When I lift it off the Economizer and pass it over the pilot light the torch lights up with the same flame it had when I hung it up. Since we've had this gadget we don't bum gas except when we're actually welding." and there is 'every- reason to believe were utilized in making the circum­ any consideration to the size of its that within the next decade the ferential welds on 40-foot lengths of twin brother, the oxygen industry. chemical use of acetylene, which is 12-inch pipe, the resulting pipe line Without going into the figures, you so rapidly creeping up on the in­ would extend in length over 1,250,- can visualize the importance of oxy­ dustrial use, will far exceed it. To­ 000 miles—more than enough to gen to American business when you day 100 basic chemicals can be made reach from here to the moon. Still consider that it requires a heavier as derivatives from acetylene gas. we have failed to give a fair and steel cylinder per hundred cubic As of today, there are probably over recognizable picture of the size of feet than acetylene, and that the 100.000 tons of carbide—approxi­ our industry. production of oxygen is about twice mately 900,000,000 cubic feet of Let us look at it in another way. that of acetylene. The twins com­ ■acetylene—used in the manufacture What does that figure mean to in­ bined form an oxyacetylene indus­ of various chemicals and from these dustries other than our own? This try that is impressive in its scope. chemicals rayon, synthetic rubber, acetylene has to be dissolved into The purchasing power and the plastics, solvents, dyes, perfumes, acetone and shipped throughout the influence of our industry can be de­ safety glass, photographic films, and United States, and if all of this veloped far beyond the point which the like are being commercially pro­ acetylene were compressed in cylin­ we have attained and you must ap­ duced. To the nontechnical man, ders it would take 6,750,000 cylin­ preciate that with the growth of this is legerdemain. It is done with ders to handle it (allowing for a this industry we must walk the mirrors. To the organization of 45 day turnover). With the aver­ bridge with watchful, trained and many fine chemical companies, it is age weight of steel in these cylin­ focused eyes and satisfy ourselves done with carbides. ders, here is an original shipment of as to our soundings on the unchart­ Unfortunately, it is difficult to new cylinders involving 385,000 tons ed seas which we have yet to travel. visualize the magnitude of the acety­ of steel, or 19,000 carloads. Let us look at the bridge deck of lene industry with all its ramifica­ this association. To the oxyacety­ tions, because the products are used Industry Is Large Buyer lene committee must go the credit in so many different ways by such Now, if we go back to the orig­ for a complete series of splendid re­ a widely diversified group of in­ inal carbide required to produce ports that enable us to take advan­ dustries in all parts of the world. our 1935 census figure, we find that When we are told that the automo­ tage of the knowledge already the annual tonnage of carbide runs tive industry produced over four gained, the experimental work un­ to 8000 carloads. The tonnage in­ million cars last year, we immedi­ der way in our field, and the credit volved in the shipment of full cylin­ ately have a picture of the size of for continually revising and bring­ ders to customers and the return that industry. Similarly, the ingot ing up to date our technical pam­ of empties amount to another 45,000 production in tons is a visual meas­ phlets on welding and cutting, cars, making a gx-and total annual uring stick for the steel industry, oil pamphlets which include the most shipping figure of 53,000 cars. pi'oduction in barrels conveys a rea­ improved developments and the lat­ sonably clear impression of the From our census figure, we can est accepted practices. They have magnitude of that field. What can estimate that well over a quarter of also prepared safety instruction we say that would help us convey, a million dollars are annually ex­ booklets, and their report is recog­ more tangibly, the size of the acety­ pended on acetone purchased from nized as a veritable text book for lene industry and its collateral in­ the chemical industry. The annual the industry and throughout this terest? The bureau of census of the power bill of the carbide manufac­ country. Under their guidance, sub­ department of commerce in Wash­ turers amounts to several millions committees, co-operating with the ington, from its latest available of dollars, and these added to the Master Boilermakers association, report on the compressed and liqui­ miscellaneous items of supply pur­ the American Society for Metals fied gas field, tells us that in 1935 chased from the electrical industry and other affiliated technical asso­ 1.133.824.000 cubic feet of acetylene and others give positive proof that ciations, have done and are doing were produced, and we are duly im­ our industry rates a prominent po­ splendid work. The outstanding pressed with the astronomical size sition as a purchaser. achievement of each and every one of that figure. Our oxyacetylene en­ These statistics apply to the acety­ of our committees is deserving of gineers tell us if all that acetylene lene industry alone, without giving the highest praise, and I feel sure

T_T SIDNEY SMITH, the recipient of this I * year's Morehead medal, is chairman oj the executive committee oj the International Acetylene association. He obtained his engi­ neering education at the University oj Not­ tingham, and was one oj the first men to ma/(e calcium carbide in Europe on a com­ mercial scale. Since coming to this country in l g 1 1 , he has been associated with various units of Union Carbide & Carbon Corp. Mr. Smith is distinguished by being the only man that has ever been president of both the Brit­ ish Acetylene association and the International Acetylene association * f 1 F. REIN HARD, secretary. International ■* ‘ Acetylene association, has served m that position for the past six years. Following his graduation from Purdue university, he was a chemist with the Indiana State Board of Health. From 1922 to 1.931 he was associated with units of Union Carbide & Carbon Corp. He is well-known in the acetylene industry, having been active in the affairs of the Inter­ H. F. Reinhard national Acetylene association

110 /TEEL J 1ENRY BOOTH, sales manager, Shawint- •* i gan Products Corp., Netu Yor/y, is trca>- ttrer of the International Acetylene association. For many years he has been active in the In­ ternational Acetylene association, and prior to his election as treasurer he served as chair­ man of the membership committee and also in other official capacities. Mr. Booth has been with the Shawinigan Products Corp. since 1920. Prior to that time he had been in the employ of Fairban\s-Morse Co. and also in the advertising business ♦ HILIP KEARNY, president- oj the K-G P Welding & Cutting Co., New Yorl(, is 11 member 0/ the executive committee oj the International Acetylene association. Mr. Kearny was elected director of International Acetylene association in 1932 and served as vice president in 1933. At the annual meet­ ing held in Pittsburgh in 1934, Mr. Kearny was elected president of the association. In 1914 he was instrumental in founding the Henry Booth K-G Welding & Cutting Co., and later be­ Philip Kearny came president oj this organization

I am voicing the sentiments of all used being the familiar low-carbon guage.” Other requirements such our members in thanking them for a steel, according to E. R. Fish, chief as free-bend, nick-breaks and dens­ job well done. engineer, boiler division, Hartford ity are equally high. Today oui’ membership in the as­ Steam Boiler Inspection & Insur­ Recent monthly research report sociation has grown, and as impres­ ance Co., Hartford, Conn. of the American Welding society de­ voted to “Corrosion Resistance of sive as the list of the names which More Widely Used make our membership, is the list Welded Joints” showed the entire of companies in all industries rep­ Use of ferrous alloys in various field had been combed for test re­ resented by those names. We have combinations of chromium, nickel, sults and service experiments deal­ gone far past the question as to molybdenum, titanium, and colum­ ing with the corrosion of welds in whether the association is receiving bium for pressure vessels of many carbon and alloy steels and many of the wholehearted support of the in­ kinds and for high pressure piping the nonferrous metals. In some dustry. Like most things in life— has grown considerably because of cases the welds stood up better than we get out of the association just the adaptability of these alloys to the base metal. special uses wherein high tensile what we put in, no more and no Welding in the Oil Industry strength, resistance to corrosion less. We do not need members as and wear are advantageous, accord­ In regard to welding’s role in the much as we need ideas and it is ing to Mr. Fish. It was stated that petroleum industry, the society has marvelous to see the co-operation fabricators of these materials recog­ editorialized: we are receiving from people out­ nized their welding qualities differ “ Quite early in its history, the pe­ side of our industry who are today greatly from those of the low-carbon troleum industry became acquaint­ taking active part in the proceed­ steels and have developed methods ed with welding as an emergency re­ ings of these meetings. and treatments that assure sound pair tool in preventing costly shut­ As my term of office draws to a welds with the proper physical char­ downs in maintenance of tools and close, I want to thank our past acteristics, thus pi'oducing depend­ equipment and in the fabrication of president, and the officers of his able work. its far-flung oil pipe lines, eliminat­ administration, for turning over a Many unfired pressure vessels for ing leaks and reducing maintenance ship that had such splendid momen­ both high and low pressures have cost. tum and was manned by such a well been made of these special alloys. “The welded storage tanks, tank trained crew. Many pipe lines have been installed, trucks and cars followed in due We are here primarily to discuss made of carbon-molybdenum steel, course. To meet demands for ever- our business, and I know that the to carry pressures on the order of increasing combinations of pres­ attention we give to the papers read 1200 to 1400 pounds per square inch. sures and temperatures needed in during the three interesting days to These special materials can be satis­ increasing efficiency in oil cracking follow and to the discussions at our factorily welded, but only after in­ processes, improvement of quality round tables will prove to those telligent research and experiment and development of by-products, the interested that these meetings serve have developed the proper welding oil industry turned to welding. as a catalyst to the exchange of procedure, according to Mr. Fish. "Welded vessels four and five ideas, and that the International inches thick are taken as matters Acetylene association will continue of course. In the march of progress to guide our industry along wide Quality of Welds Higher the fact is well established that car­ and progressive paths in the future. bon steels must give way to alloy ■ New filler metal specifications re­ and clad steels and the advance cently released by the American guard of welded carbon-molybden­ Welding society indicate improved um and other alloy steels for high Use New Ferrous Alloys quality of weld metal may be ex­ temperatures, cutting thickness of To Weld Pressure Vessels pected from modern filler materials. plate to less than half. It is pointed out that 80,000 pounds “The future will exact still great­ B In fabrication of pressure vessels per square inch ultimate with an er requirements from the petroleum for many purposes, welding has con­ elongation of 20 per cent in 2 inches industry, and the welding industry tinued to grow in favor, the material is "good weld metal in any lan­ will help meet those requirements.”

November 1, 1937 111 HERE’S YOUR FORMULA FOR LOW-CC

-Ita m eC u t«*

AIRCO-DB GAS CUTTING MACH

R IG H T : AIRCO-DB No. 10 TRAVOGRAPH with Magnetic Tracer, Electrical and Multiple Torch Gas Control Unit. AIRCO manifolded Oxygen and Acetylene Cylinders in background. B E L O W : Close- up of Motor Driven Magnetic Tracer with Tachometer and Quick Speed Changing Device. Motor-Driven mechanically guided tracer is also available. Lower picture shows typical TRAVOGRAPH work.

The New AIRCO-DB TRAVOGRAP provide largest cutting ares

With cutting areas up to 120 inches wide by 13 feet I these latest additions to the comprehensive AIRCO-DB make possible the simultaneous production of dupl parts in larger quantities withbig savings in production c Using the motor-driven magnetic tracer— an exclv A IR C O fea tu re— plain or intricate shapes are autom ati« reproduced from inexpensive templates, with speed accuracy. Length of cutting area can be increased to any exten the use of additional track. Two sections make poss continuous operation, for plate stock can be set up in section while cutting is proceeding in the other. Full details furnished on request— Write for them. AIR REDUCTIO SALES COMPANY General Offices: 60 E. 42nd St., New York, N. OFFICES and DISTRIBUTING STATIONS In PRINCIPAL CIT1KS TROUBLE-FREE WELDED FABRICATIOI

WILSON ELECTRIC ARC WELDE

These three views are representative of the hundreds of shops in which WILSON Welders are making arc welding pay a profit. Parts o f the 23 ft. x 9Y.i ft. x 4 ft. /fctuator Base shown be­ low, were cut on AIRCO- Dli Flame Cutting Ma­ chines.

WILSON ARC WELDERS ma arc welding pay a profit

More and more manufacturers are standardizing WILSON Arc Welders for the following very sound reas The WILSON line includes types for every arc wel need. WILSON machines provide voltage and current ad ments which make it possible to establish an arc of jus right character for the particular welding at hand . . . once established the basic WILSON design automatii “ makes the arc behave It is this inherent ability of WILSON machines to n tain a stable, uniform-heat-generating arc that makes v ing easier and assures both better results and lower c Full details, including types and sizes are in the Wi Welder Bulletin— Write for a copy. WILSON WELDER & META COMPANY, INC. General Offices: 60 E. 42nd St., New York, IS Distributed through AIR REDUCTION Sale« Company

w a r n Celebrities

Annual

given by J. L. Perry, president, Tennessee Coal, Iron & Railroad Co., “ Vulcan” , the largest iron man in Birmingham. Mr. Perry will be fol­ the world. Weighing 200,000 portant phases of the oxyacetylene lowed by Dr. James Shelby Thomas, pounds and standing 53 feet tall, process. pi'esident Chrysler Institute of En­ he stands on Red Mountain and The program includes meetings gineering, Detroit, who will deliver which will be of interest to every­ watches over Birmingham the keynote address. The subject of one in the welding industry and to Dr. Thomas’ talk is “New Frontiers all who use welding and cutting. for Smart People.” At the conclu­ Three technical sessions are to be sion of the keynote address, C. T HE thirty-eighth annual con held in the afternoons; round table D’W. Gibson, president, Interna­ vention of the International discussion groups, so popular last tional Acetylene association, will de­ Acetylene association to be held year, are scheduled for Wednesday liver the president’s address. in Birmingham, November 10, 11, and Thursday evenings; and an in­ The last feature on the opening and 12, is fortunate in having on teresting inspection trip through the luncheon program is the presenta­ its program a number of outstand­ Tennessee Coal, Iron and Railroad tion of the Morehead medal by C. O. ing leaders of industry. From the Co.’s plants is planned for Friday Epperson, director and past-presi- opening luncheon on Wednesday morning. dent, International Acetylene asso­ until after the last technical session At the opening luncheon in the ciation, and vice-president of the Friday evening, members and guests Peacock ballroom, Tutwiler hotel, National Cylinder Gas Co., Chicago. will be offered a constant oppor­ four principal events are planned. The recipient of this unusual honor, tunity of hearing and discussing im­ The address of welcome is to be which in the welding industry is as much o f an honor as the Nobel prize in the pure sciences, is H. S. Smith, a director and chairman of the executive committee of the In­ ternational Acetylene association. Mr. Smith is associated with The Prest-O-Lite Co. Inc., New York. First Technical Session After the opening luncheon, mem­ bers will congregate again in the Peacock ballroom for the first tech­ nical session, on “Speeding Manu­ facture and Construction with Oxy- acetylene Welding.” This meeting, consisting of the presentation of im­ Tutwiler hotel, portant papers on the various Birmingham, has phases of oxyacetylene welding, will been chosen as head­ be presided-over by L. N. Shannon, quarters for the In­ vice-president, Stockham Pipe and ternational Acety­ Fitting Co., Birmingham. Inasmuch lene association’s as pipe welding in all its phases 38th annual con­ has experienced a year of unusual v ention development, this session offers many attractions. Several papers will be devoted to this subject. The other papers which have as theo1 subjects, “Butt-Welding of Railroad Rails” and “Joining Copper Bus- Bai's with Brazing Alloys,” also hold much interest both from the tech­ nical and supervisory viewpoints. The first session of the round

/TEEL Will Highlight

Meeting

table discussions, features of the convention this year, will be held Wednesday evening. All members and others interested in the process will meet in the Phillips high school auditoi'ium at 8 P.M. There they will be addressed by the general chairman of the engineering session of round table discussions, J. I. Banash, consulting engineer for the International Acetylene association, “Iron Masters at Night” is the and a past-president of the National title of this furnace scene at will be heard. After the report of Birmingham, where members of Safety council, Chicago. The gen­ the nominating committee, election the International Acetylene asso­ eral meeting will then be broken of officers for the year 1938 will ciation will gather up into groups for discussion of be held. specific subjects relating to econom­ The second technical session on ics, management and design in weld­ the subject, “How and Why to Use ing and cutting. Here open discus­ Oxyacetylene Cutting,” will be held sion is invited on the subjects, in the Peacock ballroom at 2:30 P.M. available which are outstanding in "Codes and Operator Training”; on Thursday. This meeting will be their improved design and operation. “Stainless and Alloy Steels” ; “Alu­ in charge of E. E. Michaels, chair­ Metal parts of almost any size or minum, Nickel, Copper, and other man, Birmingham section, American shape can be produced. Cuts can Nonferrous Metals” ; “Hard-Facing” ; Welding society and general mana­ be made in any direction or at "Pipe Welding”; “Cutting and Use. ger, Chicago Bridge and Iron Co., practically any bevel. Because ol of the Oxygen Lance”; and “Fire Birmingham. these many developments, it is ex­ Prevention and Safety.” The chair­ Among the most valuable ad­ pected that the interest in the second man of each of these meetings will vances in the oxyacetylene industry technical session will run high. be assisted by a number of technical during the recent year have been Papers to be presented before this advisors. developments in and increased session will include “Management On Thursday, with the convention utilization of machine cutting. Dur­ of Machine Cutting and Operations," in full swing, the annual luncheon ing the past few months flame- “Oxyacetylene Cutting in Fabrica­ and business meeting will be held cutting machines have been made tion,” “Cutting and Tempering of in the Peacock ballroom, Tutwiler Structural Steels,” “Use of Shape- hotel. Under the chairmanship of Cut Parts in Machine Design,” and C. D’W. Gibson, president, Inter­ “Oxyacetylene Cutting as Applied to national Acetylene association, re­ Round table discussions will con­ Repair and Conversion of Present ports of officers and committees vene in the auditorium and class rooms of the Phillips high school, (Please turn to Page 120) B irm in g h am H. S. Smith Given Morehead Medal

HE James Turner Morehead welding and cutting was written by medal for the year has been Mr. Smith, and he has been active T awarded to H. Sidney Smith in the technical training of many for his vision, inspirational guidance men who are now taking leading and aggressive co-operation in the parts in the engineering aspects of advancement of the acetylene in­ the industry. dustry. The medal will be presented On the subject of industrial safety to Mr. Smith during the opening and fire prevention, his significant session of the 38th annual conven­ contributions are many, especially tion of the International Acetylene regarding matters involving the association to be held at Tutwiler transportation and use of industrial hotel in Birmingham, November 10. gases and the use of the oxyacety­ The Morehead medal is awarded lene process. He has worked ac­ annually by the International Acety­ tively with insurance and regulatory lene association to the person or bodies in developing and applying persons who in the judgment of its rules and procedures to impi’ove the officers and board of directors have safety standards of the industry. done most to advance the industry Mr. Smith’s work has contributed of the art of producing or utilizing vastly to the acceptance of the oxy­ calcium carbide or its derivatives. H. Sidney Smith acetylene and the compressed gas The award was established in 1922 industries as being among the best by John Motley Morehead in honor regulated of American industries of his father, the late James Turner experimenting with the manufac­ from the standpoint of safety and Morehead, who in 1892 sponsored ture of calcium carbide at Leeds accident prevention. the experiments which led to the Forge. He assisted in the prelim­ discovery of the electric furnace inary experiments there, and in con­ Held Executive Positions method of producing calcium car­ junction with S. G. W orth (the Elected president of the Inter­ bide. founder of the British Acetylene national Acetylene association in association) produced the first cal­ Receives Two Medals 1920 and president of the Com­ cium carbide made in Great Britain pressed Gas Manufacturers associa­ Past recipients of the Morehead on a commercial scale. tion in 1928, Mr. Smith has also Medal have included other such out­ In 1901 he turned his efforts to­ been for many years a director and standing men in the acetylene in­ ward experimenting with the use a member of the Executive Commit­ dustry as Edmond Fouche, the late of dissolved acetylene and oxy- tee of the American Welding society. Samuel Wylie Miller, the late acetylene welding. As a result of He is also a member of the Ameri­ Reverend Julius Arthur Nieuwland, his intensive work on dissolved can Society of Mechanical En­ and Dr. David Schenck Jacobus. acetylene, its use was sanctioned by gineers, the American Society for Mr. Smith has also recently been the British Home Office. Testing Materials, the National Fire announced as the recipient of the He became general manager of Protection association, the National Samuel Wylie Miller medal awarded the Acetylene Illuminating Co. Ltd., Safety council, the American Society by the American Welding society. and also of the British Autogenous of Safety Engineers, and a number He is a well-known figure in the Welding Co. Ltd., and in 1910 he of other engineering groups. In acetylene industry both in America was elected president of the British practically all of these associations, and abroad. He has served as presi­ Acetylene association. The next Mi\ Smith has served in important dent of both the British Acetylene year he came to America and executive capacities. association and the International joined the Prest-O-Lite Co. Inc., in One of Mr. Smith’s outstanding Acetylene association, and he has Indianapolis, becoming works mana­ qualities has always been his ability been directly responsible for many ger in charge of all gas plants. In and his willingness to pass along important developments in acetylene 1918 he became consulting engineer to younger men in the industry the utilization. for Union Carbide Co. ideas and lessons he has learned Mr. Smith was born in Newark, In his long and active career with through his long association with England, and was educated at Not­ Union Carbide Co. and its associated the technical aspects o f the busi­ tingham University, where he companies, he has made many im­ ness. The value of the service that studied electrical engineering. After portant contributions to the oxy- Mr. Smith has rendered and is rend­ leaving college he was associated acetylene industry, and has been ering to the industry in this regard with the firm of Messrs. Robey & the author of numerous technical can never be properly appraised. Co., and then for a time with the articles on the uses of oxygen, Therefore, it is appropriate that the Brush Electrical Engineering Co., acetylene, calcium carbide and oxy- citation on the 1936 Morehead Medal Ltd. In 1896 he joined the Acetylene acetylene apparatus. One of the first reads, “ For his vision and inspira­ Illuminating Co. Ltd., which was instruction manuals on oxyacetylene tional guidance.”

116 /TEEL MORE GAS FOR YOUR MONEY FROM

i É É i i l r n s m

' H i m

Gives highest gas yield because it is made from the best

and purest raw materials obtainable and because its

even size promotes gas generation. The air-tight red

drum brings NATIONAL Carbide to you as fresh and

dustfree as the day it was packed. Conspicuous wherever

carbide is used, the red drum is the symbol of carbide

economy. Write for the “ STORY OF CARBIDE.” NATIONAL CARBIDE CORPORATION General Office: Lincoln Bldg., 60 East 42nd St., New York, N. Y,

November 1, 1937 11 7 Colum bium -Bearing STA IN LE SS STEEL

low ers Cost of E quipm ent

fo r H andling C orrosive M aterials

OLUMBIUM improves the welds and thirty years, has produced ferro-alloys and C heat-affected areas adjacent to the welds metals that go into the making of stainless and in stainless steels. Columbium-beanng stain­ other alloy steels and irons. During this time, less steels can be used after they have been Electromet has co-operated with the steel in­ welded with columbium-beanng welding rod dustry in developing new and better alloy without subsequent and costly annealing. steels for the specialized needs of industry. Welds are strong and fully as corrosion- If you make steel, Electromet metallurgists resistant as the base metal. There is no in­ will gladly help you use Electromet ferro­ creased susceptibility to intergranular corro­ alloys and metals to the best advantage. If sion in or adjacent to the weld. you use steel, Electromet offers you unbiased Costs Less To Fabricate data and assistance in selecting the right alloy With improved weldability comes easier steel for your purpose. This service is avail­ arid cheaper fabrication. Columbium-beanng able without obligation. stainless steels and columbium-bearing weld­ The word “ Electromet” used herein is a registered trade-mark. ing rod make possible the ready fabrication of stainless steel articles and equipment at costs low enough to encourage new and wider These steam-jacketed autoclaves for carbonating use of stainless steel. The accompanying photo­ and grinding hot acid sludge are made of stainless graphs show the type of equipment for which steel. Stainless steel resists the severe corrosion, columbium-bearing stainless steel is particu­ heat and abrasion involved in this service. larly advantageous. Let Electromet Help You Electro Metallurgical Company is not a manufacturer of alloy steels, but for over

, OPPORTUNITY-H“'>' ilercstins attending the

to tier, l93J' JO, 11, and 1 -’

118 / TEEL The annealing of stainless steel grape juice concentrators is made unnecessary by the use of columbium-bearing stainless steel and weld­ ing rod. This equipment will not affect the taste of the juice or become stained by the fruit acids.

Columbium makes stainless steel fabrication cheaper and easier. In this all-welded separator for recovering nitric acid fumes, the welds have the strength, toughness and cor­ rosion resistance of the stainless steel plate which they join.

With columbium in the base metal and in the This cone-bottom tank for a chemical plant welding rod, stainless steel textile dyeing ma­ will have long service life and keep compounds chinery can be made better and at less cost. pure because it is lined with stainless steel. This stainless steel large piece-dye kettle will The presence of columbium in base metal and not tarnish or corrode and will not discolor welding rod saved subsequent awkward and the dyes. costly heat treatment.

November 1, 1937 119 Acetylene Progress acetylene Cutting” was expanded to Program Story include chapters on the ''Effect of (Concluded from Page 104) Flame Cutting on the Metal Being (Concluded from Page 115) Cut,” and a resume of the action building consti'uction. Similarly, the of the Boiler Code Committee of Cargo Vessels to Tankers, and to tentative refrigeration code of the the A.S.M.E. The chapter on the Marine Work.” City of New York has recognized “Chemistry of Cutting” was im­ The second session of the round the superiority of welded and proved and expanded and a num­ table discussions will be held Thurs­ brazed joints in refrigeration serv­ ber of illustrations added to the dis­ day evening in Phillips high school ice. cussion of “The Scope of Flame auditorium. Similar in nature to the Attention has been called to the Cutting”. The pamphlet on Oxy­ first evening’s round table discus­ large increase in oxyacetylene op­ acetylene Welding and Its Appli­ sions, it will, however, be devoted erators, both welding and cutting, cations” was revised to include data more specifically to the practical and during the past year and the prob­ on upward welding, alloy cast iron operating aspects of the oxyacety­ lem involved in maintaining a sup­ welding, multilayer welding, multi­ lene process. These meetings will ply of trained craftsmen. flame welding and welding of heavy be of fundamental interest to shop The members of our industry have pressure vessels. owners, welding and cutting op­ individually campaigned for the In co operation with the program erators, foremen and supervisors, as safe as well as efficient handling committee, a series of leaflets were well as to those concerned with the of their gases and equipment prepared for distribution at the planning and management of weld­ through the distribution of litera­ round table discussions during the ing operations. The general chair­ ture and through the personal in­ present convention. These pamph­ man for this session is W. S. Hays, struction of oxyacetylene operators lets include: managing director, American Weld­ by their service organizations. Your "Codes and Operator Training”. ing society, New York. committee has had under considera­ "Stainless and Alloy Steels”. Subjects to be discussed in the tion for the past two years a book­ “Aluminum, Nickel, Copper and group meeting at the second round let, “Safe Practices in the Installa­ Other Non-Ferrous Metals”. table discussions session will be tion and Operation of Oxyacetylene “Hard-facing”. “Hard-Facing” ; “ Cutting and Use Welding and Cutting Equipment”, “Pipe Welding”. of the Oxygen Lance”; “Aluminum, which is intended to incorporate the “Cutting and Use of the Oxygen Nickel, Copper and Other Non- best features of existing literature Lance” . ferrous Metals” ; “Pipe Welding”; on the subject. "Fire Prevention and Safety”. “Bronze-Welding” ; “Low Tempera­ In addition to the “Safe Practices” “Bronze Welding”. ture Brazing and Use of the Air- booklet, a number of pamphlets pre­ "Low Temperature Brazing and Acetylene Flame”; “Sheet Metal viously issued were revised prior the Use of the Air-Acetylene Flame”. and Steel Plate Welding”; “Stain­ to reprinting further editions. For “Sheet Metal and Steel Plate less and Alloy Steels.” These sub­ example, the pamphlet on “Oxy- Welding” . jects will be treated from the prac­ tical, step-by-step angle. How each job is done, particular problems and how to solve them will be discussed. Because of the many specialized procedures which have grown up in recent years for treating certain metals during welding, and the im­ portance of the use of these new procedures, this meeting will prove to be one of the most popular. A unique plant inspection trip is planned for Friday morning. A i flame to r ''° t Sv/ciR htl ; 50* gas alone. special train will leave Birmingham at 8:30 A.M. from 1st Avenue and 14th Street, North, for the Ensley i Thumb lever ^ J ^ i n i oj and Fairfield Plants of Tennessee Coal, Iron and Railroad Co. Stops will be made at the rail mill at Ensley; at Muscoda mines, at the Bessemer, open hearth and blast XElDlT TORCHr instantly »d^ elghtj furnaces, and at the new sheet mill locking 1 at Fairfield. Luncheon will be savine) i e a t « - W b served at Fairfield. Recent rapid advances in llame- m o d e l I to co n tin u ou s l 8 in ch e s . treating of metals by means of the I I \b. 10 o*- L-_ — —- oxyacetylene process will feature G A S AV E R the third Technical Session to be held at Tutwiler hotel, at 3:00 P.M. Friday; two papers on flame- treating will be presented at this meeting. The general topic of this " ccessary‘ ins flame, n o t _ y , -« session is, “Maintenance and Opera­ tion Uses of the Oxyacetylene Proc­ ess.” Other important papers wil include a review of the importan TEST uses of the oxyacetylene process w t n o TVJ0 WEEKS < V steel mill operations, a summary o ' m -(o u r j the reclamation of textile mill Pal■ - • PUHTJ and a general exposition on welding of stainless and alloy steeis.

120 /TEEL THANKS TO TOBIN BRONZE!

T HE whole town o f Austin, Pa., depends idea seemed fantastic but the Bayless Company upon this pulley for food. It turns the went to Hebeler Welding Company, of Buffalo. wheels o f The Bayless Pulp & Paper Com ­ The pulley was rushed to Buffalo, repaired pany’s mill and most everybody in Austin with Tobin Bronze, sent back and re-installed works for Bayless. —all within six days. Weeks of disastrous Recently, the shaft to this 84" pulley snapped shut-down were averted and the cost o f a new between the two sets of wheel spokes, break­ casting saved.

ing all twelve spokes away from the hub and When difficult welding jobs appear, nothing equals all but three away from the rim. Tobin Bronze! This time-tried Anaconda product The plant was paralyzed ... delivery of carries the trade-mark "Tobin Bronze Reg. U.S. a newr wheel would take from four to six A n AC NDJd A pati Off.” on each rod. Look for this mark and weeks! Some one suggested welding. The be sure you’re getting genuine Tobin Bronze.

cÁ ta eew d zf(Á ¿c¿fy 7 c 0 t á

THE AMERICAN BRASS COMPANY • General Offices: Waterbury, Connecticut Offices and Agencies in Principal Cities • In Canada: ANACONDA AMERICAN BRASS LTD., New Toronto, Ont.

November 1 , 1937 12 1 E. E. Michaels L. N. Shannon K. L. Landgrebe A. E. .¡Gibson Official Program

Wednesday, Nov. 10 national Acetylene association. 8 : 1 5 p . m .—P h i l l i p s H i g h S c h o o l

1 0 : 0 0 a . m .—H o t e l T u t w i l e r A u d i t o r i u m 2 : 3 0 p .m .—H o t e l T u t w i l e r Registration. Round Table Discussions Technical Session 12:15 p . m .—H o t e l T u t w i l e r Engineering Session Opening Luncheon Chairman General Chairman

C h a i r m a n L e s t e r N . S h a n n o n , vice president, J. I. B a n a s h , consulting engineer, C. D’W. G i b s o n , president, Interna­ Stockham Pipe & Fitting Co., Bir­ International Acetylene associa­ tional Acetylene association; vice mingham. tion; past president, National president, Air Reduction Co. Inc., Butt-Welding of Railroad Rails, by Safety council, Chicago. New York. R. R. Cummins, assistant general Subjects Address of Welcome, by J. L. Perry, manager, Central of Georgia Rail­ 1—Codes and Operator Training. president, Tennessee Coal, Iron way, Savannah, Ga. 2 —Stainless and Alloy Steels. & Railroad Co., Birmingham. Piping Design, Fabrication and 3—Aluminum, Nickel, Copper and Keynote Address, by Dr. James Erection, by O. B. McLaughlin, Other Nonferrous Metals. Shelby Thomas, president, Chrys­ master mechanic, Freeport Sul­ 4—Hard-Facing. ler Institute of Engineering, De­ phur Co., Port Sulphur, La. 5 —Pipe Welding. troit. Joining Copper Bus-Bars with Braz­ 6— Cutting and Use of the Oxygen President’s Address, by C. D’W. Gib­ ing Alloys, by R. A. Goeller, vice Lance. son, vice president, Air Reduction president, Hatzel and Buehler, 7—Fire Prevention' and Safety. Co. Inc., New York. New York. Presentation of Morehead Medal, C. Bronze-Welding of Cast Iron Pipe, Thursday, Nov. 11

O. Epperson, director and past by Dr. J. T. MacKenzie, metal­ 1 2 : 1 5 p . m .—H o t e l T u t w i l e r president, International Acetylene lurgist, American Cast Iron Pipe Annual Luncheon and Business association; vice president, Na­ Co., Birmingham. Meeting tional Cylinder Gas Co., Chicago. Multi-Lengthening Cast Iron Pipe Acceptance of Morehead Medal, by Welding, by C. L. Lane, works C h a i r m a n 1936 recipient, H. S. Smith, chair­ manager, Walworth Co., Attalla, C. D’W. G i b s o n , president, Interna­ man, executive committee, Inter­ Ala. tional Acetylene association.

R. A. Goeller R. F. Helmkamp /TEEL 122 W. J. Sanneman John T. Howat R. L. R olf A. C. Leigh

Report of Oxyacetylene Committee, General Chairman Chairman by Dr. G. V. Slottman. W. S. H a y s , managing director, K a r l L . L a n d g r e b e , vice president, Report of Consulting Engineer, by American Welding society, New Tennessee Coal, Iron & Railroad J. I. Banash. York. Co., Birmingham. Report of Legislative Committee, by Subjects Selective Hardening of Ferrous Ma­ H. S. Smith. 1—Hard-Facing. terials with the Oxyacetylene Report of Secretary, by H. F. Rein- 2—Cutting and Use of the Oxygen Flame, by R. L. Rolf, metallurgi­ hard. Lance. cal engineer, Lakeside Steel Im­ Report of Treasurer, by Henry 3 —Aluminum, Nickel, Copper and provement Co., Cleveland. Booth. Other Nonferrous Metals. Report of Auditing Committee, by 4—Pipe Welding. Flame Hardening, by John T. How­ C. A. McCune. 5—Bronze Welding. at, superintendent, heat treating Report of Membership Committee, 6—Low Temperature Brazing and department, American Spiral by Henry Booth. Use of the Air-Acetylene Flame. Spring & Mfg. Co., Pittsburgh. Report of Resolutions Committee, by 7—Sheet Metal and Steel Plate Important Uses of the Oxyacetylene F. E. Rogers. Welding. Process in Steel Mill Operations, Report of Nominating Committee. 8 —Stainless and Alloy Steels. by W. J. Sannemann, service met­ Election of Officers. allurgist, Tennessee Coal, Iron & Friday, Nov. 12 Railroad Co., Birmingham. 2 : 3 0 p . m .—H o t e l T u t w i l e r 8 : 3 0 a . m . Reclamation of Textile Mill Parts, Technical Session Inspection Trip, Tennessee Coal, by Hugh Comer, vice president, Iron & Railroad Co., Ensley and Avondale Mills, Sylacauga, Ala. C h a i r m a n Fairfield, Ala. Welding Stainless and Alloy Steels, E . E . M i c h a e l s , chairman, Birming­ 3 : 0 0 p . m .—H o t e l T u t w i l e r by T. R. Lichtenwalter, Republic ham section, American Welding Technical Session Steel Corp., Massillon, O. society; general manager, Chicago Bridge & Iron Co., Birmingham. Oxyacetylene Cutting in Fabrica­ tion, by A. E. Gibson, president, American Welding society; presi­ dent, Wellman Engineering Co., Cleveland. Management of Machine Cutting Operations, by R. F. Helmkamp, engineer, applied engineering de­ SHAWINIGAN partment, Air Reduction Sales Co., New York. Cutting and Tempering of Struc­ CARBIDE tural Steels, by H. H. Moss, de­ velopment engineer, The Linde Air Products Co., New York. Use of Shape-Cut Parts in Machine WAREHOUSES THROUGHOUT Design, speaker to be announced. T H E UNITED STATES Oxyacetylene Cutting as Applied to Repair and Conversion of Present Cargo Vessels to Tankers and to « • » Marine Work, by A. C. Leigh, marine engineer and naval archi­ tect, Ingalls Iron Works Co., Bir­ SHAWINIGAN PRODUCTS C O R P . mingham. Empire State Building

8 : 1 5 p . m .—P h i l l i p s H i g h S c h o o l N E W YORK CITY

A u d i t o r i u m Round Table Discussions Operating Session

November 1, 1937 123 y i welded design o f pressed steel, combined with cast steel beat the strength o f cast steel alone byyo^o in the construction o f this rocker “Use Me With The New ‘Shield-Arc SAE’ beam for A they Truss ¡Vheel Co., Chicago, III. And You'll Lower Welding

‘.'Mint » MAKE Costs These 3 Ways”. .. HERE I'M TOUCH JOBS UlTHA .. EAJV<-— tPE E O V "O N E —You get better welds 1 5 % to 2 0 % faster because its Job Selector gives you the right TYPE of welding arc to suit the job. lURRENr “ T W O —You cover a wider range o f application because o f its Dual Continuous Control. In effect, you get two or three welders o f different ratings when you buy an 'SAE.’

" T H R E E —Y o u can use me in my larger sizes— weld faster and continuously because the 'S A E ’ is self-pro­ tected against burnout.

"If you want yardage gains in welding, just play ball with Lincoln. Yours for lower welding costs, “ FLEETWELD ROD" —Spokesman for all progress-minded t h e welding electrodes and emissary of THE LINCOLN ELECTRIC COMPANY THE LINCOLN ELECTRIC CO., Dept.Y-436. Cleveland, Ohio Largest Manufacturers o f Arc IVelding Equipment in the World My welding application ■ < ______How can the "SAE” do it faster ? □ Send a free copy of Bui. 412 giving details about the new "Shield-Arc SAE” welder. Name Position “ SHIELD-ARC Company M a m ffeiii ill Iff ’ Eigjinml' III •’Miff 0 JA A Bt Address ' SAE” W J B BB State THE WELDER WITH DUAL CONTINUOUS CONTROL

/TEEL a characteristic of the creep test methods. Observe Steels at Pointing out that there were no recommendations concerning the factor of safety to be used with the rupture strength of a material, Mr. High Temperatures Watts thought that some factor of safety should be established, and that consideration in this connection should be given to the relationship tren gth s of steels at high Tifft said, users of alloy metals at of the rupture strengths to creep temperatures, grain size, and fairly high stresses and fairly high strengths which have been used and S the electrode salt bath meth­ temperatures should be on the look­ are known to be safe. od for hardening high speed steel, out for this aging effect. The oil The electrode salt bath for harden­ were principal topics discussed at industry would like to know, he was ing high speed tool steel was dis­ two sessions of the American So­ sure, what the authors had to sug­ cussed by Axel Hultgren, consulting ciety for Metals conducted on Oct. gest as a practical means of insur­ metallurgist, Stockholm, Sweden, IS during the National Metal con­ ance against the possibility of sud­ as utilized abroad. Internally heat­ gress in Atlantic City. den and unexpected failure due to ed salt bath furnaces, he said, have Results obtained from long-time this aging effect. been used for the hardening of high rupture tests on eight steels at tem­ E. S. Dixson, Port Arthur, Texas, speed tool steel for more than 30 peratures from 1000 to 1500 degrees in a written discussion sent to the years in Sweden and Germany and Fahr. were presented in a paper by meeting, thought the results shown are today in fairly general use. A. E. White and C. L. Clark, director in the paper were of much practical Furnace Thermally Insulated and research engineer, respectively, value to the refiner, adding that department of engineering, Univer­ creep data published during the last In principle, the electrode salt sity of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich., few years had been of little value. bath furnace consists of a thermally and R. L. Wilson, metallurgical engi­ A somewhat similar view was ex­ insulated refractory container for neer, Timken Steel and Tube divi­ pressed by A. B. Bagsar, chief met­ the salt, sometimes having a lining sion, Timken Roller Bearing Co., allurgist, Sun Oil Co., Marcus Hook, of crucible steel, into which are in­ Canton, O. The time for fractures Pa. He stated that inasmuch as troduced two or more electrodes of was varied from a few minutes to creep characteristics of steel vary steel, alternating-current of low several hours, it was shown, and a considerably from heat to heat of voltage being passed between the definite relationship was found to the same approximate chemical latter through the salt. The salt, he exist for each analysis between analysis, and are also materially af­ said, may be BaCL, with or without stress and fracture time. fected by variations in heat treat­ additions, or a preparatory mixture. Tests revealed the rupture strength ment or casting and finishing tem­ The temperature may be measured in some cases has a value nearly peratures and other factors, the use by a thermocouple, an optical or a identical with the creep strength for of the proposed method of rupture radiation pyrometer. a rate of 1 per cent per 100,000 hours. tests as an acceptance test may A method which may serve as a However, all things being equal, the prove to be very advantageous. type of an acceptance test in indi­ cating whether or not steels of the rupture strength test would be pre­ Has Further Possibilities ferred because it is simpler and less same general type and composition expensive, the authors pointed out. G. Watts, chief engineer, Standard possess the same creep strength was It was also revealed that by in­ Oil Co. of Indiana, said the paper ap­ described in a paper, entitled “A creasing the resistance to general or pears to support the belief that the New Application for the Short-time intergranular oxidation the long­ rupture strength test method has High Temperature Tensile Test”, time rupture strength of the steel is possibilities which may lead to its presented by C. L. Clark and A. E. increased and that intergranular displacement of the creep test meth­ White, research engineer and direc­ oxidation not only decreases the od as a means of determining work­ tor, respectively, department of en­ long-time rupture strength, of the ing stresses for parts operating at gineering research, University of steel, but also reduces the ductility. high temperatures, particularly in Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich., and G. those cases in which deformation is J. Guarnieri, graduate student, Uni­ Determine Ductile Properties not the controlling consideration. versity of Michigan. The chief merits of the rupture However, he said the occurrence The paper presented results ob­ tests, according to the authors, were of breaks in the logarithmic stress­ tained from short-time high temper­ found to be that (1) they serve as a time curves was somewhat disturb­ ature tensile tests on five steels over suitable basis for the design of high ing and argued against placing too a range of temperatures. The rate temperature apparatus in which much reliance on extrapolation to of load application and thus the rate some deformation of the parts is long service periods from a series of deformation as well as the time permissible and (2) they afford the of tests which cover a period of not for fracture, it was pointed out, was best means available for determining more than 1000 to 2000 hours. Ad­ varied, with the resulting tensile the ductile properties of steels under ditional tests should be made, he strength values correlated with the the combined action of stress, time said, to ascertain whether the speci­ speed of testing. Results indicated and heating. mens which did not exhibit any a critical temperature existed which Thomas D. Tifft, Sinclair Refining break in the stress-time for fracture differed for each of the analyses con­ Co., New York City, pointed out that relationship in the tests covered by sidered. They further indicated that the observations recorded in the the report would have exhibited such over a certain temperature range the paper relative to intergranular oxi­ breaks if tested for longer periods. creep characteristics are proportion­ dation occurring after an extended It would also be desirable, Mr. al to the magnitude of this critical period at high temperature would Watts believed, to know whether the temperature. In other words, the indicate that present users of metals specimens which did exhibit breaks authors pointed out, the higher this at these high temperatures can ex­ in the stress-time for fracture rela­ temperature, the greater the creep pect an aging effect which will in tionship would have shown second resistance. time cause the metal to lose its breaks had the tests covered longer The relationship between this tem­ ductility and be liable to failure periods. He added that it should be perature and the creep characteris­ without any elongation and hence noted that this shortcoming of the tic does not hold over the complete without warning. If this is true, Mr. rupture strength test method is also temperature range; however, the au­

November 1, 1937 125 thors believed the procedure outlined the authors heated the specimens grains. Consequently, they devel­ had merit as a type of acceptability subsequent to the aging treatment. oped a special technique, which they test. They said, though, that addi­ They thought there was no doubt described and by which, they said, tional results would have to be ac­ these carbides would serve as grain the austenitic grains in this range cumulated before too definite claims growth inhibitors. of steels could be clearly shown. could be made. Certain factors influencing aus­ They also brought out this technique J. E. Dorn and O. E. Harder, re­ tenitic grain size in high purity gave a modification which made it search associate and assistant di­ steels were the object of an inves­ possible to determine the size of the rector, respectively, Battelle Me­ tigation by G. Derge, Metals Re­ prior austenitic grains on a piece of morial institute, Columbus, O., set search Laboratory, Carnegie Insti­ material already heat treated. up an hypothesis and on the basis tute of Technology, A. R. Kommel, Among various conclusions, the au­ of this suggested a possible mech­ United Engineering & Foundry Co., thors said the austenitic grain size anism for the relation of pre-heat­ Vandergrift, Pa., and R. F. Mehl, of eutectoid steel could be deter­ ing of steels to austenitic grain director of the metals research lab­ mined by heating the specimen un­ growth. The authors postulated oratory and head of the department der mildly oxidizing conditions fol­ that aluminum killed steels contain of metallurgy, Carnegie Institute. lowed by careful polishing and a grain growth inhibitor, the so­ To determine the relative impor­ etching in a 15 per cent solution of lubility of which in ferrite and in tance of aluminum in solid solution hydrochloric acid in ethyl alcohol. austenite increases with the rise in and finely dispersed Al.O, in con­ They further said on the eutectoid temperature and that at the higher trolling the austenitic grain size of steel investigated, the austenitic temperature range of ferrite the steels, high purity iron-aluminum grain size developed by a particular solubility is greater than at the low samples were prepared by diffusing heat treatment was not influenced by temperature range of austenite. aluminum into hydrogen purified the austenitic grain size resulting carbonyl iron. To obtain Fe-Al,0, from previous treatments. Test Commercial Steels samples the iron-aluminum material Grain Size Unaffected They tested this hypothesis by were treated in hydrogen containing first heating commercial steels of a small amount of oxygen. Addi­ The authors also pointed out the 10 different analyses at temperatures tional samples were made by vacu­ rate of heating through the critical below the critical range. In gen­ um fusion of aluminum with puri­ temperature, within the limits of 1 eral, it was said, the steels which fied and unpurifled carbonyl iron. to 800 degrees Fahr. per minute, were saturated with the grain The same diffusion technique, it was did not affect the austenitic grain growth inhibitor at temperatures pointed out, was used in preparing size on the steel tested. They fur­ just below the critical showed a samples with silicon and SiO,. An ther concluded that instead of hav­ higher coarsening temperature than oxygen free hydrogen-hydrocarbon ing an inherent grain size, a steel those which were heated to give gas was used to carburize the irons. has a characteristic austenitic grain a lower amount of inhibitor in so­ The authors declared the experi­ growth behavior which is dependent lution. ments showed grain growth was in­ for that steel on the time and tem­ Specimens which were heated di­ hibited by the refractory oxides, and perature factors. rectly from the saturation treatment the magnitude of the effect was sen­ In discussion, J. K. Stone and J. and rapidly reheated were more in­ sitive to the dispersion of the oxide. R. Vilella, research laboratory, U. S. clined, the authors declared, to be Pack carburization of the same Steel Corp., Kearny, N. J., said the fine grained than those which were samples produced abnormal struc­ data which showed a high tempera­ slowly cooled from the saturation tures in all material, indicating ab­ ture normalize, with its attending temperature and then reheated. normality was due to oxygen in the coarsened austenite grains, would E. H. Dlx Jr., Aluminum Co. of carburizing gas rather than to ox­ produce no different effect upon sub­ America, New Kensington, Pa., as­ ides in the metal. sequent grain behavior than does a serted the hypothesis presented in lower normalizing temperature, with the paper would have been consid­ Agrees With Results its attending finer austenitic grains, erably strengthened if it could have Thomas G. Digges, metallurgist, was somewhat at variance with the been shown no other of the common­ national bureau of standards, Wash­ majority of their own experiences ly accepted mechanisms could be ington, declared that some work car­ with a limited number of steels. used to explain the experimental ob­ ried out by the bureau with high They believed some effect of heat­ servations presented. He added, purity carbon alloys was in agree­ ing rate upon austenite grain size however, the paper presented a ment with the results of the authors could have been obtained had the rather simple and very logical ex­ in that abnormal structures were work been extended to include de­ planation of a problem that had produced in these alloys which were termination of austenite grain size troubled metallurgists for years, free of aluminum and alumina. within the coarsening range of steel. namely, the problem as to how pre­ H. W. McQuaid corrected an in- O. E. Harder said steel studied by treatments affect the grain coarsen­ pression which he believed the paper Mr. Tobin and Mr. Kenyon appeared ing characteristics obtained on re­ gave to the effect that he did not to have a rather low coarsening tem­ heating. believe that grain growth is inhibited perature, thus suggesting it con­ R. L. Kenyon and Harry Tobin, by finely dispersed non-metallic par­ tained relatively little of the grain American Rolling Mill Co., Middle­ ticles such as carbides, nitrides and growth inhibiting material. He also town, O., pointed out the authors refractory oxides. He said there thought the heat treatments selected found aging for a considerable time was no doubt these play an impor­ by the authors to determine the was necessary to cause any inhibit­ tant part in austenite growth. effect of previous austenitic grain ing effect on grain growth and they In a paper on the "Austenitic size did not appear to be the best interpreted this in terms of the ef­ Grain Size of Eutectoid Steel,” Har­ ones possible to bring out certain fect of a grain inhibiting component ry Tobin and Reid L. Kenyon, re­ differences. For example, he said, which they call X, but which they search assistant and research metal­ both specimens mentioned were inferred is probably alumina. The lurgist, respectively, research lab­ air-cooled from the preliminary discussers asked if it were not pos­ oratories, The American Rolling heat treating temperatures; where­ sible that the long aging treatments Mill Co., Middletown, O., declared as the work his organization had resulted in the formation of large it was difficult to determine the done indicated better contrasts are spheroids of carbides which did not grain size in this case by ordinary brought out if a comparison is made go into solution in the relatively methods due to difficulty in dis­ between quenched and slowly cooled short time of one hour for which tinguishing between the different materials.

126 /TEEL Haulaway Trailers Move Finished Automobiles

(Concluded from, Page 60)

be noticed a nonskid grating to give a firm grip on tires while cars are being loaded. This is an ex­ panded steel mesh, welded to floor pans of the trailer and to the load­ ing skids. Also at the rear may be seen two ratchet tiedowns which are used to lock loaded cars in position. Spare tires for the trailer are conveniently carried on either side at the front on hinged brackets which may be swung down to bring the tire almost to the ground for removal. CONVEYING EQUIPMENT Overall dimensions of the stream­ line trailer are: 8 feet wide, 7 feet 6 inches high unloaded, and 33 feet IS THE ARTERIES OF THE MODERN STEEL MILL in length for the cab-over-engine N the same sense that a man is only as old as his arteries, type of tractor. For the standard a Steel Mill is only as old as its conveyers and materials type of tractor, length is reduced to I 31 feet 6 inches. Hydraulic or elec­ handling system — for these are the arteries of the Modern tric brakes on the trailer wheels Steel Mill. are available. Finished in three The Continuous Flow Principle of production which domi­ coats of paint, the units are sup­ nates the industry today calls for the selection of conveying plied in practically any color scheme equipment designed to achieve this basic principle. desired, including aluminum. Mathews Conveyers include Belt, Live Roller, Drag Chain, Roller Chain, Pallet, Continuous Apron, Wheel, Detects Hidden Flaws Roller, Vertical and Inclined Elevating Conveyers, special devices for up-ending, up-setting, tilting and transferring, ■ Method of inspecting machine for the handling of Hot and Cold Billets, Bars, Shapes, parts for hidden flaws without in­ Sheets, Packs, Coiled. Steel, Pipe and Tubing in Con­ juring or changing them has been tinuous Flow processes. developed by the General Electric Co., Schenectady, N. Y. The meth­ Processing Equipment installed during 1936-37, em­ od depends on the principle that any bracing the ultimate in design and engineering in the substantial change in the constitu­ Steel Industry, is illustrated and described in our tion or state of magnetizable ma­ catalog on Steel Plant Conveyers. Available now. terial will be reflected in its mag­ The leaders in this industry, responsible for 85% of steel production in the United netic characteristics. Stales and Canada, are applying the. Continuous Flow Principle of Handling A constant magnetic field is pro­ Materials with Mathews Conveyers. duced so that it penetrates through the entire thickness of a small area of the part to be inspected. The MATHEWS CONVEYER COMPANY part is slowly revolved so as to change continuously the section within the field, until the whole part is magnetically explored. Imperfec­ tions such as voids or nonhomogene- ous areas in the interior betray themselves by producing disturb­ ances in the magnetic field at the MATHEWS surface of the part. Magnetic search coils are mount­ CONTINUOUS Flow PRINCIPLE OF HANDLING MATE RIAL g ed close to this external surface. Any sudden change in the magnetic linkage, created by a discontinuity in the metal of the part, produces a corresponding sudden electric voltage in the external measuring CONVEYERS circuit. The imperfection is detected and the defective part is discarded.

November 1, 1937 127 bulletin 117 on the Afco Crescent furnace with waist-high shaker. Hydraulic Power — Blaekhawk Mfg. Co., Milwaukee, is distributing literature on Porto-Power, portable hydraulic power; hydraulic hand and service jacks; and Blaekhawk Gripline wrenches. Copies of any of the literature listed below may be obtained by writing; directly to the companies Motors—Reliance Electric & Mfg. involved, or by addressing STEEL, in care of Co., Ivanhoe Road, Cleveland, has Readers’ Service Department, 1213 West Third issued bulletin 122 on splashproof, Street, Cleveland type AA Reliance motors and bul­ letin 124 on explosionproof, alter- nating-current motors. Aluminum — Aluminum Co. of the Eclipse line of counterbore and Steel Sales—Union Drawn Steel America, Pittsbui’gh, has issued a Co., Massillon, O., has issued a end mill products. completely revised edition of "Ma­ folder on its district sales offices in Rubber Belts—Manhattan Rubber chining Aluminum,” containing de­ 23 localities. Mfg. division, Raybestos-Manhattan tailed data on the machining of Lighting—Westinghouse Electric Inc., Passiac, N. J., has issued a aluminum and its alloys. & Mfg. Co., East Pittsburgh, Pa., bulletin on Condor Compensated Electrodes—Page Steel & Wire has issued a catalog section on its belts. Engineering data is included. Millite lighting unit for industrial division, American Chain & Cable Metal Protection — Alox Corp., Co., Monessen, Pa., has issued a plants. Niagara Falls, has mimeographed a booklet on stainless steel electrodes Insulating Material—Continental- 31-page booklet on corrosion pre­ containing information on such Diamond Fibre Co., Newark, Del., vention and covering the Alox prod­ steels and procedure for welding has published a catalog on Mica- ucts. them. hond, a bonded mica insulating ma­ Steel Castings—Vanadium Corp. Control Instruments—Wheelco In­ terial. of America, New York, has pub­ struments Co., 1929 South Halsted Valves — Manning, Maxwell & lished a 24-page bulletin on Vanad­ street, Chicago, has issued bulletin Moore Inc., Hancock Valve division, ium steel castings, describing prop­ 602 on the Wheelco Capacitrol tem­ Bridgeport, Conn., has issued an il- erties and applications. perature control and bulletin 650 on lusti’ated bulletin dealing with the Control Instruments—Bristol Co., the Wheelco proportioning indicat­ new Hancock Duravalve. Waterbury, Conn., has published a ing controller. Stamping — Chambersburg Engi­ new bulletin describing tempera­ Presses—Niagara Machine & Tool neering Co., Chambersburg, Pa., has ture recorders and controllers for Works, 637 Northland avenue, Buf­ issued bulletin 275 on the new Ceco- furnaces, kilns and industrial ovens. falo, N. Y., is mailing bulletin 58-G :stamp, drop stamper for light­ giving specifications and illustra­ weight, sheet metal parts. Shapers — Gould & Eberhardt, tions of the complete line of Niagara Irvington, Newark, N. J., has pub­ Master series A and standard series Arc Welding—Hobart Brothers, lished a catalog illustrating and inclinable presses. Troy, O., has issued a catalog deal­ describing its line of tool room and ing with its new 40-volt, simplified industrial shapers and attachments. Annealing— Continental Industrial arc welder and the uses of motor Engineers Inc., 201 North Wells horsepower control. Nibbling Machines—W. J. Savage street, Chicago, is distributing a bul­ Co., Knoxville, Tenn., has printed a letin entitled “Controlled Atmos­ Regulators — Askania Regulator bulletin on its line of improved pheres for Copper,” dealing with Co., 1603 South Michigan avenue, nibbling machines with direct-over- furnaces in the production of cop­ Chicago, has issued a bulletin on center drive, and totally-enclosed, per and copper alloys. Askania automatic control for the one piece, revolving head. steel industry. Insulation — Johns-Manville, 22 Boiler Protection — Cochrane East 40th street, New York, has is­ Valves—Homestead Valve Mfg. Corp., Philadelphia, has issued a sued a 32-page catalog on Johns- Co., Coraopolis, Pa., has printed a folder describing and illustrating in­ Manville sheet, block and pipe in­ folder dealing with use of the Hy- teresting installations of Cochrane sulations, also a new brochure en­ pressure Jenny for removing grease Deaerators in a Youngstown steel titled “Friction Materials for the and dirt in maintenance work. mill. Iron and Steel Engineer.” Fire Prevention—Linde Air Prod­ Pumps—Weinman Pump & Mfg. Stampings- Commercial Shearing ucts Co., 205 East 42nd street, New Co., 290 Spruce street, Columubs, O., York, has issued a booklet entitled & Stamping Co., Youngstown, O., has announced bulletin 626 on low has issued a large and completely “Preventing Welding and Cutting head, centrifugal pumps and bulle­ Fires.” illustrated catalog on tank heads, tin 726-A on general service Uni­ tank accessories, boiler heads and Porcelain Enameling — Ferro pumps. stampings of steel, stainless, monel, Enamel Corp., Cleveland, has recent­ Mold Duplicators—George Groton aluminum, copper and copper alloys ly published “The A B C of Ferro’s Machine Co., Racine, Wis., is dis­ and clad metals. Responsibility,” an interesting pre­ tributing bulletin 1319-B on three Hardening Baths — A. F. H o ld e n sentation of the company’s services. sizes of machines for duplication of Co., New Haven, Conn., has pub­ dies and molds and a number of Metal Spraying—Metalspray Co., lished a bulletin on Holden high­ interesting applications. 113 Llewellyn street, Los Angeles, speed hardening baths, a new deve - has announced its bulletin 800 de­ Furnaces—American Furnace Co., opment for hardening high-spee scribing some of the new applica­ 2719 Dclmar boulevard, St. Louis, steels. Another folder deals wi tions in metal spraying. Mo., has published bulletin 106-A the Holden Di-Ard, a bath for hard­ Counterbores — Eclipse Counter­ on the Afco Duo-Bio unit for auto­ ening tool steels, with n tcrnpei bore Co., 7410 St. Aubin avenue, De­ matic or manual firing, bulletin ture range for hardening of uw troit, has issued a pamphlet on 115-C on the Air-Stream unit, and to 1600 degrees Fahr.

128 / TEEL Steel Decline Seems Nearing Bottom

Quiet Quarter Seen;

MARKET IN TABLOID Scrap Drops Again; DEMAND .... Slow, consumers using up slocks. Light Steels Lead PRICES . .. . Scrap down sharply.

PRODUCTION . . Operations ONDITIONS in the steel market appear to have down 2 points lo 51 per cent of reached a fairly balanced level, consumers buy­ capacity. C ing only to fill in their stocks as current needs dictate, meanwhile operating largely from inventory. SHIPMENTS . . . Most Some hopeful factors appear, as resumption of buy­ buyers ask prompt delivery. ing for agricultural implement needs is expected as stocktaking season for that industry ends, and au­ tomobile builders’ needs should become larger when new models are out and fall selling starts. Delay in demand from the latter source has had its effect on various steel products and also on pig iron de­ steel stocks and delay further buying. Steel has mand by foundries allied to industry. been going into consumption at a much better rate than shipments of recent weeks would indicate. How All indications teem to point to a quiet period over soon depletion of stocks will force buying depends on fourth quarter, with production keyed closely to con­ continuance of demand for manufactured products. sumption and volume of business depending on the situation in general business and the degree of con­ Deepest cuts in production have been made by mills fidence felt in the future. whose output is largely in heavier steel, structurals, rails, plates and similar products, while those with It is too early to expect response by railroads to large capacity for sheets, strip and light steel are the higher rates granted by the interstate commerce in better position and are able to continue at a higher commission and efforts to obtain a further increase rate. This division is caused by absence of railroad may have some dampening effect on buying from buying and restricted demand for building purposes that source. The unequal financial returns from the on the one hand and more active business in auto­ new rates, giving highest gains to roads largely in­ mobiles and consumer goods, such as refrigerators, terested in coal handling, results in some carriers re­ air conditioning and radios, on the other. ceiving relatively little benefit. About 77,000 tons of plates, shapes, reinforcing Downward movement of the steel production rate bars and pipe will be required for an extension of last week was markedly less precipitate than in the Grand Coulee dam on which Dec. 10 has been set as previous period, indicating approach to the low point tentative date for opening bids. Japanese interests of the decline. Adjustment of production to demand are expected to award within a few days about 14,000 appears to have been achieved in great measure. The tons of plates for 45 tanks of 82,000 barrels capacity, national rate last week was 51 per cent of capacity, to be fabricated in Japan. a drop of 2 points from the preceding week. Pitts­ burgh declined 8 points to 41 per cent, Chicago 2 Automobile production last week was practically points to 44, Eastern Pennsylvania 4 points to 43, even with the preceding, with 91,905 units, compared Youngstown 1 point to 54, Wheeling 8 points to 62, with 90,155 the week before. General Motors pro­ Cleveland 6 points to 59, Buffalo 7 points to 51, New duced 45,225 cars, compared with 44,970, Chrysler England 40 points to 25 and Detroit 5 points to 90. 27,775 against 27,675, Ford 1375, compared with 765 Cincinnati advanced its rate 4 points to 70 per cent and other builders a total of 15,780, compared with and St. Louis and Birmingham were unchanged at 18,495 the previous week. 64 and 51.6 per cent, respectively. Because of drastic adjustment of scrap quotations, It is apparent that the rapid fall in steelworks op­ especially severe in Eastern Pennsylvania, Steel's erations is not an index of current or future con­ composite of steelmaking scrap declined last week by sumption of steel. Large inventories remaining from 91 cents, to $14.46, the level prevailing at the middle the heavy buying of first half, certainty of no price of August. The iron and steel composite was lowered increase and general unsettlement of the business out­ 14 cents, to $39.33 by the weakness in scrap. Fin­ look conspired to cause consumers to rely on their ished steel composite is unchanged at $61.70.

November 1, 1937 129 —The Market Week —• COMPOSITE MARKET AVERAGES

One Three One Five Month Ago Months Ago Year Ago Years Ago Oct. 30 Oct. 23 Oct. 16 Sept., 1937 July, 1937 Oct., 1936 Oct., 1932 Iron and Steel .. S39.33 $39.47 $39.60 $40.16 $40.03 $34.67 $28.90 Finished Steel .. 61.70 61.70 61.70 61.70 61.70 53.90 47.64 Steelworks Scrap 14.46 15.37 16.00 18.99 18.51 16.44 6.96 Iron and Steel Composite:—Pis iron, scrap, billets, sheet bars, wire rods, tin plate, wire, sheets, plates .shapes, bars, black pipe, rails, alloy steel, hot strip, and cast iron pipe at representative centers. Finished Steel Composite:—Plates, shapes, bars, hot strip, nails, tin plate, pipe. Steelworks Scrap Composite:— Heavy melting steel and compressed sheets. A COMPARISON OF PRICES Representative Market Figures for Current Week; Average for Last Month, Three Months and One Year Ago

Oct. 30, Sept. July Oct. pj, | Oct. 30, Sept. July Oct. Finished Material 1937 1937 1937 1936 rig Iron 1937 1937 1937 1936 Steel bars, Pittsburgh ...... 2.45c 2.45c 2.45c 2.05c Bessemer, del. Pittsburgh ...... $25.26 $25.26 $25.26 $20.8132 Steel bars, Chicago ...... 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.10 Basic, V alley ...... 23.50 23.50 23.50 19.00 Steel bars, Philadelphia ...... 2.74 2.74 2.74 2.36 Basic, eastern del. East. Pa...... 25.26 25.26 25.26 20.81 Iron bars, Terre Haute, Ind...... 2.35 2.35 2.35 1.95 No. 2 fdy., del. Pittsburgh ...... 25.21 25.21 25.21 20.3132 Shapes, Pittsburgh ...... 2.25 2.25 2.25 1.90 No. 2 fdy., C h ic a g o ...... 24.00 24.00 24.00 19.50 Shapes, Philadelphia ...... 2.45% 2.45% 2.45 % 2.11% Southern No. 2, Birmingham. . . 20.38 20.38 20.38 15.50 Shapes, Chicago ...... 2.30 2.30 2.30 1.95 Southern No. 2, del. Cincinnati. 23.69 23.69 23.69 19.44 Tank plates, Pittsburgh ...... 2.25 2.25 2.25 1.90 No. 2 X eastern, del. Phlla...... 26.135 26.135 26.135 21.68 Tank plates, Philadelphia ...... 2.43 *4 2.43 % 2.43% 2.09 M alleable, Valley ...... 24.00 24.00 24.00 19.50 Tank plates, C h ic a g o ...... 2.30 2.30 2.30 1.95 Malleable, Chicago ...... 24.00 24.00 24.00 19.50 Sheets, No. 10, hot rolled, Pitts. 2.40 2.40 2.40 1.95 Lake Sup., charcoal, del. Chicago 30.04 30.04 30.04 25.7528 Sheets, No. 24, hot ann„ Pitts.. . 3.15 3.15 3.15 2.60 Gray forge, del. Pittsburgh.... 24.17 24.17 24,17 19.6741 Sheets, No. 24, galv., P itts...... 3.80 3.80 3.80 3.20 Ferromanganese, del. Pittsburgh 107.29 107.29 107.29 80.13 Sheets, No. 10, hot rolled, Gary.. 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.05 Sheets, No. 24, hot anneal., Gary 3.25 3.25 3.25 2.70 Scrap Sheets, No. 24, galvan., Gary. . . . 3.90 3.90 3.90 3.30 Heavy melting steel, Pittsburgh. $15.00 $20.40 $19.40 $18.15 Plain wire, P itts b u rg h ...... 2.90 2.90 2.90 2.50 H eavy melt, steel, No. 2, E. P a ... 12.75 16.69 18.00 13.95 Tin plate, per base box, Pitts... $5.35 $5.35 $5.35 $5.25 H eavy m elting steel, C h ica g o ... 14.00 17.85 17.05 16.25 Wire nails, Pittsburgh ...... 2.75 2.75 2.75 2.05 Rails for rolling, Chicago ...... 16.75 20.35 20.30 16.95 Railroad, steel specialties, Chicago 18.75 20.50 20.20 17.75 Semifinished Material Sheet bars, open-hearth, Youngs. $37.00 $37.00 $37.00 $32.00 C o k e Sheet bars, open-hearth, Pitts.. . 37.00 37.00 37.00 32.00 Connellsvlile, furnace, ovens...... 54.37 $4.45 $4.50 $4.00 Billets, open-hearth, Pittsburgh. . 37.00 37.00 37.00 32.00 Connellsvllle, foundry, ovens...... 5.25 5.25 5.30 4.25 Wire rods, No. 5 to ^¡-lnch, Pitts. 47.00 47.00 47.00 40.00 Chicago, by-product foundry, del. 11.00 11.00 11.00 9.75

STEEL, IRON, RAW MATERIAL, FUEL AND METALS PRICES

Except when otherwise designated, prices are base, f.o.b. cars. Tin Mill Black No. 28 Sheet Steel Pittsburgh ...... 3.30c Corrosion and Heat- Structural Shapes Pittsburgh ...... 2.25c Trices Subject to Quantity Ex­ Gary ...... 3.40c Resistant A lloys Philadelphia, del...... 2.45 %c tras and deductions (Except St. Louis, delivered ...... 3.53c New York, del...... 2.50i4c Galvanized) Granite City, 111...... 3.50c Pittsburgh base, cents per lb. Boston, delivered ...... 2.63Kc Hot Rolled No. 10, 24-48 in. Cold Rolled No. 10 Clirome-Nlckel B e th le h e m ...... 2.35c Pittsburgh ...... 3.10c Pittsburgh ...... 2.40c No. 302 No. 304 Chicago ...... 2-^2c Gary ...... 3.20c Cleveland, del...... 2.4dc Gary ...... 2.50c Bars ...... 24.00 25.00 Detroit, delivered ...... 3.30c B u ffa lo ...... 2-35c Chicago, delivered ... 2.53c Plates ...... 27.00 29.00 Detroit, del...... 2.60c Philadelphia, del...... 3.39c Gulf P o r t s ...... 2-®°c New York, del...... 3.43c Sheets ...... 34.00 36.00 Birm ingham ...... 2.40c New York, del...... 2.73c Hot S trip ...... 21.50 23.50 St. Louis, del...... 3.33c Pacific ports, f.o.b. cars, Philadelphia, del...... 2.69c Cold s t r i p ...... 28.00 30.00 Birmingham ...... 2.55c Granite City, 111...... 3.30c dock ...... 2.80c Pacific ports, f.o.b. dock 3.70c St. Louis, del...... 2.63c Straight Chromes St. Louis, del...... 2-5JC Granite City, 111...... 2.60c Cold Rolled No. 20 Pacific ports, f.o.b. dock 2.95c Pittsburgh ...... 3.55c No. No. No. No. Bars Gary ...... 3.65c 410 430 442 446 Soft Steel Hot Rolled Annealed No. 24 Detroit, delivered ...... 3.75c Bars . . . .18.50 19.00 22.50 27.50 (Base, 3 to 25 tons) Pittsburgh ...... 2.4dc P itts b u rg h ...... 3.15c Philadelphia, del...... 3.84c Plates .. .21.50 22.00 25.50 30.50 Gary ...... 3.25c New York, del...... 3.88c Sheets . .26.50 29.00 32.50 36.50 Chicago or Gary ...... Chicago, delivered ... 3.28c St. Louis ...... 3 78c Hot strip. 17.00 17.50 23.00 28.00 D u i u t h ...... Detroit, delivered ... 3.35c Granite City, 111...... 3.75c Cold stp.. 22.00 22.50 28.50 36.50 Birmingham ...... C le v e la n d ...... New York, del...... 3.48c Enameling: Sheets B u ff a lo ...... ^ Philadelphia, del...... 3.44c Pittsburgh, No. 10 ...... 2.90c Birmingham ...... 3.30c Detroit, delivered ...... Pittsburgh, No. 20 ...... 3.50c Steel Plate Pacific ports, f.o.b. cars, St. Louis, del...... 3.38c Gary, No. 10 ...... 3.00c Pittsburgh ...... dock ...... Granite City, 111...... 3.35c Gary, No. 20 ...... 3.60c 2.25c New York, del...... Philadelphia, del...... ‘ - I " Pacific ports, f.o.b. dock 3.80c St. Louis, No. 1 0 ...... 3.13c 2.53c Philadelphia, del. . . 2.43 He Boston, delivered ...... j ? * * Galvanized No. 24 St. Louis, No. 20 ...... 3.73c Boston, delivered ... 2.65c New York, del...... Pittsburgh ...... 3.80c Buffalo, delivered .. 2.50c Pitts., forg. qual...... ^ au Gary ...... 3.90c Tin and Terne Plate Chicago or Gary ... 2.30c Rail Steel Chicago, delivered ... 3.93c Gary base, 10 cents higher Cleveland, del...... 2.44 % c To M anufacturing Trad| 30c Philadelphia, del...... 4.09c Tin plate, coke, (base Birm ingham ...... 2.40c P itts b u r g h ...... New York, delivered .... 4.13c box), Pittsburgh .... $5.35 Coatesville, b a se ...... 2.35c Chicago or G ary ...... Birmingham ...... 3.95c Waste-waste, 2.75c; Sparrows Pt., base 2.35c Cleveland ...... „'33c St. Louis, del...... 4.03c strip ...... 2.50c Pacific ports, f.o.b. cars, Moline, 111...... 2 40c Granite City, 111...... 4.00c Long ternes, No. 24, un­ dock ...... 2.80c B uffalo ...... 9 45 c Pacific ports, f.o.b. dock 4.40c assorted, Pitts...... 4.10c St. Louis, delivered ...... 2.52c Birmingham ......

130 / TEEL —The Market Week —

iro n Do., less carloads, 5 2%. " OD X 12 Ga. 17.21 19.37 Strip and Hoops kegs or more, no dis­ 2% " OD X 12 Ga. 1S.S5 21.22 Terre Haute, Ind...... 2.35e (Base, hot rolled, 25-lton) count on any extras. .. $3.90 2=4 " OD X 12 Ga. 19.98 22.49 Chicago ...... 2.40c (Base, cold-rolled, 25-3 tons) Do., under 5 kegs no 3" OD x 12 Ga.. . 20.97 23.60 Philadelphia ...... 2.64c Hot strip to 23}|-in. disc, on any extra s. . . . $4.05 4% " OD X 10 Ga. 40.15 45.19 Pittsburgh, refin ed ... .3.50-8.00C P itts b u rg h ...... 2.40c 3% " OD X 11 Ga. 26.47 29.79 Reinforcing Chicago or Gary ...... 2.50c Welded Iron, Steel Pipe 4" OD X 10 Ga.. . 32.83 36.94 New billet, straight lengths, Birmingham base ...... 2.55c 5" OD X 9 G a .... 50.38 56.71 quoted by distributors Detroit, del...... 2.60c Base discounts on steel pipe, 6" OD X 7 Ga___ 77.35 87.07 Pittsburgh ...... 2.55c Philadelphia, del...... 2.69c Pitts., Lorain, O., to consumer* Chicago, Gary, Buffalo, New York, del...... 2.73c In carloads. Gary, Ind., 2 point* Cleve., Blrm., Young.. . 2.60c Cooperage hoop, less. Chicago, del. 2*4 le»». Cast Iron Water Pipe P itts b u rg h ...... 2.50c Wrought pipe, Pittsburgh. Gulf ports ...... 2.90c Class B Pipe—Per Net Ton Chicago ...... 2.60c Pacific coast ports, f.o.b. Butt Weld 6-in. & over, Blrm.. .$46.00-47.00 car d o c k s ...... 2.95c Cold strip, 0.25 carbon Steel 4-ln., Birmingham.. 49.00-50.00 Philadelphia, del...... 2.84c and under, Pittsburgh, In. Blk. Galv. 4-ln„ Chicago ...... 57.00-58.00 Rail steel, straight lengths, C le v ela n d ...... 3.20c V,...... 59% 49 6 to 24-in., Chicago. 54.00-55.00 quoted by distributors Detroit, del...... 3.40c % ...... 62% 53 6-in. & over, east fdy. 50.00 Pittsburgh ...... 2.40c Worcester, Mass...... 3.40c 1— 3 ...... 64% 55% Do., 4-ln...... 53.00 Cleve. Worces- Iron Chicago, Buffalo, Cleve­ Class A Pipe $3 over Class B Carbon Pitts, ter, Mass. \ ...... 26 8 land, Blrm., Young...... 2.45c Stnd. fltgs., Blrm., base.$100.00 Gulf ports ...... 2.80c 0.26— 0.50. .. 3.20c 3.40c 1— 1 % ...... 30 14 0.51— 0 .7 5 ... 4.45c 4.65c 1 % ...... 34 16% 0.76— 1 .0 0 ... 6.30c 6.50c 2 ...... 33% 16 Semifinished Steel Wire Products Over 1.00... 8.50c 8.70c Lap Weld Prices apply to mixed carloads, Steel Billets mid ltloom» base; less carloads subject to Rails, Track Material 2 ...... 57 47% 4 x 4-inch base; gross ton 2 % — 3 ...... 60 50% Pitts., Chi., Cleve., Buf­ quantity extras. (Gross Tons) Base Pitts.-Cleve. 100 lb. Keg. 3 % — 6 ...... 62 52% falo, Young., Bham... .$37.00 Standard rails, m ill ...... $42.50 7 and 8 ...... 61 50% Philadelphia ...... 42.30 Standard wire nails...... S2.75 Relay rails, Pittsburgh, 9 and 10 ...... 60% 50 Duluth ...... 39.00 Cement coated n ails ...... $2.75 20— 100 lbs...... 32.50-35.50 Forging lltllets (Per pound) Iron Light rails, billet qual., 2 ...... 26% 10 6 x 6 to 9 x 9-in., base Polished staples ...... 3.45c Pittsburgh, Chicago----- $43.00 2 % — 3 % ...... 27% 12% Pitts., Chicago, Buffalo. . 43.00 Galv. fence staples ...... 3.70c Do., rerolling q u a lity .. 42.00 Forging, Duluth ...... 45.00 Barbed wire, ga lv...... 3.40c 4 ...... 29% 16 Angle bars, billet, Gary, Sheet liars Annealed fence w ire.... 3.15c 4 % —8 ...... 28% 15 Pittsburgh, So. Chicago 2.80c Pitts., Cleve., Young., Galv. fence w ire ...... 3.55c 9-1 2 ...... 24% 10 Do., axle steel...... 3.35c Line Flpe Sparrows Point ...... 37.00 Woven wire fencing Spikes, R. R. base ...... 3.15c Steel Slabs (base C. L. co lu m n )...... 74 Track bolts, base ...... 4.35c 1 to 3, butt weld ...... 63% Pitts., Chicago, Cleve­ Single loop bale ties, Tie plates, base ...... $46.00 (base C. L. colu m n )...... 63 2, lap weld ...... 56 land, Youngstown .... 37.00 Base, light rails 25 to 60 lbs.; 2% to 3, lap w eld ...... 59 To Manufacturing Trade 20 lbs. up $2; 16 lbs. up $4; 12 Wire Rods 3% to 6, lap w eld ...... 61 Pitts., Cleve., No. 5 to Plain wire, 6-9 ga...... 2.90c lbs. up $8; 8 lbs. up $10. Base 7 and 8, lap w eld ...... 60 Anderson, Ind. (merchant prod­ railroad spikes 200 kegs or ^,-lnch lncl...... 47.00 10-inch, lap weld ...... 59% Do., over A to «-inch ucts only) and Chicago up 51; more; base tie plates 20 tons. 12-lnch, lap weld ...... 58% Duluth and Worcester up 32; lncl...... 52.00 Butt Weld Chicago up $1; Worcester up $2. Birm ingham up $3. Iron Skelp Spring wire, Pitts, or Bolts and Nuts Blk. Galv. Pittsburgh, Cleveland, Bir­ C le v e la n d ...... 3.50c * ...... 25 7 Pitts., Chi., Young., Buff., mingham, Chicago. Discounts Do., Chicago up $1, Wore. $2. 1 and 1 % ...... 29 13 Coatesvllle, Sparrow* Pt. 2.10c to legitimate trade as per Dec...... 33 15% 1, 1932, lists: 2 ...... 32% 15 Coke Cold-Finished Carbon Carriage and Machine Lap Weld Vi x 6 and smaller... .65-5 off Bars and Shafting m ...... 23% 7 Price Per Net Ton Do. larger, to 1 -in.. .60-10 off 2 ...... 25% 9 Do. 1« and 1 %-in .. .60-5 off Beehive Ovens Pittsburgh ...... 2'?9C 2% to 3 % ...... 26% 11% Connellsville, fur.. . S4.25- 4.50 Chicago ...... 2.95c Tire bolts ...... 50 off ...... 28% 15 Plow Bolts Connellsvllle, fdry. . 5.00- 5.50 Gary, Ind...... 2.95c 4% to 8 ...... 27% 14 Connell, prem. fd ry. 5.75- 6.25 Detroit ...... 2-®Sc All BiZPS...... 65-5 011 9 to 12...... 23% 9 Stove Bolts New River fdry. . . . 6.50- 6.75 C levela n d ...... 2.9oc Wise county fdry... 5.75- 6.00 B u ffa lo ...... 3.00c In packages with nuts at­ tached 70 off; in packages Boil er Tubes Wise county fur.... 4.75- 5.00 Subject to quantity deduc­ with nuts separate 70-10 off; Carloads minimum wall seam­ By-Product Foundry tions and extras. List dated in bulk 80 off on 15,000 of Aug. 26, 1935; revised Oct. 1, less steel boiler tubes, cut Newark, N. J„ del.. . 10.85-11.30 3-lnch and Bhorter, or 5000 lengths 4 to 24 feet, f.o.b. Pitts­ Chi., ov„ outside del. 10.25 1936. over 3-inch. burgh, base price per 100 feet Chicago, del...... 11.00 Step bO ltS...... -n"in"lofT subject to usual extras. Milwaukee, o v e n s .. 11.00 Elevator bolts ...... ¡>0-10-5 off A llo y Steel Bars (H o t) Lap Weld New England, del.. 12.50 Nuts Char­ St. Louis, del...... 11.00-11.50 (Base, 3 to 25 tons) S. A. E. semifinished hex.: coal Birmingham, ovens 7.50 Pittsburgh, Buffalo, Chi­ % to A -inch ...... 60-10 off Sizes Steel Iron Indianapolis, del... 10.50 Do., 9/16 to 1-inch ----- 60-o off Cincinnati, del...... 10.50 cago, Massillon, Can­ 1 % " OD x 13 G a ..$10.45 $23.71 ton, Bethlehem ...... 3.00c Do., over 1-inch ...... 60 off Cleveland, del...... 11.00 Hexagon Cap Screws 1 % " OD X 13 G a.. 11.89 22.93 Alloy Alloy Buffalo, del...... 10.50 Milled ...... 50-10 off 2" OD X 13 Ga___ 13.31 19.35 S.A.E. Dlff. S.A.E. Din. Detroit, del...... 11.10 Upset, 1-ln., smaller...... 60 off 2" OD X 11 G a .... 15.49 23.36 2000 ...... 0.35 3100 ...... 0.70 Philadelphia, del. .. 10.60 Square Head Set Screws 2 % " OD X 13 G a.. 14.82 21.68 2100...... 0.75 3200...... 1-35 Upset, l-in„ smaller...... 7o off 2 « " O D x l l Ga.. 17.38 26.02 2300...... 1.55 3300 ...... 3.80 Headless set screw s ...... 7o on 2 % " OD X 12 G a.. 17.82 26.57 Coke By-Products 2500...... 2.25 3400...... 3.20 2 94" OD X 12 G a.. 18.86 29.00 4100 0.15 to 0.25 M o...... 0.55 3" OD X 12 Ga.. . . 19.73 31.36 Spot, gal. Producers' Plants 4600 0.20 to 0.30 Mo. 1.50- Rivets, Wrought Washers 3 % " OD X 11 G a.. 24.89 39.81 Pure and 90% benzol... 16.00c 2.00 ...... i-lO Structural, Pittsburgh, 4" OD X 10 G a.. . . 30.81 49.90 Toluol ...... 30.00c 5100 0.80-1.10 Cr...... 0.4o Cleveland ...... 3.60c 5" OD x 9 Ga...... 47.57 73.93 Solvent naphtha ...... 30.00c 5100 Cr. s p r in g ...... 0.15 Structural, Chicago ...... 3.70c 6” OD X 7 Ga...... 73.25 ...... Industrial xylol ...... 30.00c 6100 bars ...... 1-20 rt-inch and smaller, Seamless Per lb. f.o.b. Frankford and 6100 spring ...... 0.85 Pitts., Chi., Cleve...... 6 o-ooff St. Louis Cr. N „ Van ...... i-SO Wrought washers, Pitts., Hot Cold Phenol (200 lb. drums). 16.25c Carbon Van...... °-s5 Chi., Phila. to jobbers Rolled Drawn do. (450 lbs.) ...... 15.25c 9200 spring flats ...... 0.15 and large nut, bolt 1" OD X 13 Ga.. . $ 8.41 $ 9.46 Eastern Plants, per lb. 9200 spring rounds, squares 0.40 mfrs. l.c.l. $5.40; c.l. $o.7o off OD x 13 Ga. 9.96 11.21 Naphthalene flakes and 1 % " OD X 13 Ga. 11.00 12.38 balls, in bbls. to job­ Piling Cut Nails l i " OD X 13 Ga. 12.51 14.09 bers ...... 7.25c Per ton, bulk, f.o.b. oven or port Cut nails. C. L., Pitts. 2" OD X 13 Ga.. . 14.02 15.78 P itts b u rg h ...... 2.60c 2*4” OD X 13 Ga. 15.63 17.60 Sulphate of ammonia. . $28.50 Chicago, Buffalo ...... 2.70c (10% disc, on all extras) $3.60

131 November 1, 1937 —The Market Week —

No. 2 M alle- Besse- Pig Iron Fdry. able Basic mer Delivered prices Include switching charges only as noted. St. Louis from Birmingham ...... f24.12 ...... 23.82 ...... No. 2 foundry is 1.75-2.25 sll.; 25c dlff. for each 0.25 all. above St. Paul from Duluth ...... 25.94 25.94 ...... * 26.44 2.25; 50c dlff. below 1.75 sll. Gross tons. tOver 0.70 phos. Basing Points: Low Phos. No. 2 M alle­ Besse­ Basing Points: Blrdsboro and Steelton, Pa., and Standlsh, N. Y., Fdry. able Basic mer S28.50, Phlla. base, standard and copper bearing, $29.63. Bethlehem, Pa...... S25.00 525.50 523.50 $26.00 Gray Forge Charcoal Blrdsboro, Pa...... 25.00 25.50 24.50 26.00 Valley furnace ...... $23.50 Lake Superior fur...... 527.00 Birmingham, Ala.t ...... 20.38 19.38 25.00 Pitts, dist. fur...... 23.50 do., del. Chicago ...... 30.04 Buffalo ...... 24.00 24.50 23.00 25.00 Lyles, Tenn...... 26.50 24.00 23.50 24.50 Chicago ...... 24.00 Sllveryt Cleveland ...... 24.00 24.00 23.50 24.50 Detroit ...... 24.00 24.00 23.50 24.50 Jackson county, O., base: 6-6.50 per cent 528.50 ; 6.51-7— 529.00; Duluth ...... 24.50 24.50 25.00 7-7.50— 529.50; 7.51-8— $30.00 ; 8-8.50— 530.50; 8.51-9— 531.00; Erie, P a...... 24.00 24.50 23.50 25.00 9-9.50_S31.50; Buffalo 51.25 higher. Everett, Mass...... 25.75 26.25 25.25 26.75 Bessemer Ferrosillcont Ham ilton, 0 ...... 24.00 24.00 23.50 Jackson county, O., base: Prices are the same as for sllverles, Neville Island, Pa...... 24.00 24.00 23.50 24.50 plus 51 a ton. Provo, Utah ...... 22.00 tThe lower all-rail delivered price from Jackson, O., or Buf­ Sharpsville, Pa...... 24.00 24.00 23.50 24.50 falo is quoted with freight allowed. Sparrows Point, Md...... 25.00 24.50 Manganese differentials In silvery Iron and ferrosllicon, 2 to Swedeland, Pa...... 25.00 25.50 24.50 26.00 3%, $1 per ton add. Each unit over 3%, add $1 per ton. Toledo, 0 ...... 24.00 24.00 23.50 24.50 Youngstown, 0 ...... 24.00 24.00 23.50 24.50 Magnesite Refractories JSubJect to 38 cents deduction for 0.70 per cent phosphorus Imported dead - burned Per 1000 f.o.b. Works, Net Prices grains, net ton f.o.b. or higher. Fire Clay Brick Chester, Pa., and Bal­ timore bases (b a g s ).. $45.00 Delivered from Busins; Points: Super Quality Domestic dead - burned Pa., Mo., Ky...... $64.60 Akron, O., from Cleveland...... 25.26 25.26 24.76 25.76 grains, net ton f.o.b...... Baltimore from Birmingham.... 25.58 24.46 First Quality Chester, Pa., and Bal­ Boston from Birmingham ...... 26.37 25.87 Pa., 111., Md., Mo., Ky.. . 51.30 timore bases (bags).. 43.00 Boston from Everett, Mass...... 26.25 26.75 25.75 27.25 Alabama, Georgia ...... 51.30 Boston from Buffalo ...... 26.25 26.75 25.75 27.25 New Jersey ...... 56.00 Base Brick Brooklyn, N. Y., from Bethlehem 27.27 27.77 Second Quality Brooklyn, N. Y., from Bmghm.. . 27.05 . . . . . Net ton, l.o.b. Baltimore, Ply­ Pa., 111., Ky., Md., Mo... 46.55 m outh M eeting, Chester, Pa. Canton, O., from C leveland...... 25.26 25.26 25.76 25.76 Georgia, Alabama ...... 41.80 Chicago from Birmingham ...... 24.22 24.10 ...... New Jersey ...... 51.00 Chrome brick ...... $49.00 Cincinnati from Hamilton, O...... 24.07 25.01 24.51 Ohio Chem. bonded chrome.. 49.00 Cincinnati from Birmingham.... 23.69 22.69 First quality ...... 43.70 Magnesite brick ...... 69.00 Cleveland from Birmingham. .. . 24.12 23.62 Intermediate ...... 39.90 Chem. bonded magnesite 59.00 Mansfield, O., from Toledo, O .... 25.76 25.76 25.26 25.26 Second quality ...... 35.15 Milwaukee from Chicago...... 25.00 25.00 24.50 25.00 Muskegon, Mich., from Chicago, Malleable Bung Brick Fluorspar, 85-5 Toledo or Detroit ...... 26.90 26.90 26.40 27.40 All bases ...... $59.85 Washed gravel, duty Newark, N. J., from Birmingham 26.01 Silica Brick paid, tide, net ton .... $24.00 Newark, N. I., from B eth leh em .. 26.39 26.89 Pennsylvania ...... 551.30 Washed gravel, f.o.b. 111., Philadelphia from Birmingham. . 25.38 25.26 Joliet, E. Chicago ...... 59.85 Ky„ net ton, carloads, Philadelphia from Swedeland, Pa. 25.76 26.26 25.26 Birmingham, Ala...... 51.30 all rail ...... $20.00 Pittsburgh district from Neville f Neville, base plus 63c, 76c, Ladle Brick Do., for barge ...... $22.00 Island ...... fand $1.13 swltch’g charges (Pa., O., W. V a„ Mo.) No. 2 l u m p ...... 22.00-23.00 Saginaw, Mich., from D etroit.... 26.25 26.25 25.75 25.75 Dry press ...... 530.00 St. Louis, northern ...... 24.50 24.50 24.00 Wire cut ...... 528.00 Ferroalloys Dollars, except Ferrochrome Ferromanganese, 78-82%, tidewater, duty p d ... .$102.50 Non ferrous Do., Baltimore, base.. 102.50 METAL PRICES OF THE WEEK Do., del. Pittsburgh... 107.29 Spiegelelsen, 19-21% dom. Spot unless otherwise specified. Cents per pound Palmerton, Pa., spot.. 33.00 Do., New Orleans...... 33.00 Electro, La: Straits Tin. Do., 26-28%, Palmer­ Lead Alum i­ Antimony Nickel ton ...... 39.00 del. del. Casting, New York' Lead East Zinc num American Cath- Conn. Midwest refinery Spot Futures N. Y. St. L. St. L. 99% Spot. N. Y. odes Ferrosllicon, 50% freight allowed, c.l...... 69.50 Oct. 23 12.00 13.12% 11.75 49.50 49.00 5.50 5.35 6.00 20.00 17.25 35.00 Oct. 25 12.00 13.12 % 11.75 48.50 48.12% 5.50 5.35 5.75 20.00 Do., less carload ...... 77.00 12.12 % 17.25 35.00 Oct. 26 12.00 11.75 48.50 48.12% 5.50 5.35 5.75 20.00 17.25 35.00 Do., 75 per c e n t... .126-130.00 Oct. 27 12.00 12.12% 11.75 47.62% 47.25 5.50 5.35 5.75 20.00 Spot, $5 a ton higher. 11.75 12.12% 11.27% 48.50 48.12% 17.25 35.00 Oct. 28 5.50 5.35 5.75 20.00 17.25 35.00 Slllcoman., 2% carbon.. 106.50 Oct. 29 11.75 12.12% 11.27 % 48.25 47.87% 5.50 5.35 5.75 20.00 17.25 35.00 2% carbon 111.50; 1%, 121-50 Ferrochrome, 66-70 chro­ MILL PRODUCTS OLD METALS Light Brass mium, 4-6 carbon, cts. F.o.b. mill base, cents per lb. Nom. Del. buying prices •Cleveland ...... 3.00-3.25 lb. del...... I0-50 excep t as specified. Copper brass No. 1 Composition Red Brass •Chicago ...... 4.00-4.25 Ferrotungsten, stand., lb. products based on 12.00c •St. L o u i s ...... 3.75-4.00 con. del. ca rs ...... 2.95-3.00 Conn. copper •New Y o r k ...... 6.12%-6.37% Ferrovanadlum, 35 to •Cleveland ...... 6.62%-6.87% Lead Sheets •New Y o r k ...... 4.25-4.50 40% lb., cont...... 2.70-2.90 •Chicago ...... 6.37 % -6.62% Ferrotitanlum, c. 1., prod. ♦Yellow brass (high).. .18.12% •St. Louis ...... 6.37%-6.62% •Cleveland ...... 4.25-4.50 •Copper, hot rolled ...... 20.12 % •Chicago ...... 4.00-4.25 plant, frt. all., net ton 142.50 Lead, cut to jobbers...... 9.00 Heavy Copper and Wire St. Louis ...... 4.00-4.50 Spot, carlots ...... 1«-®® Spot, ton lots ...... 150.00 Zinc, 100-lb. base ...... 11.00 •New York, No. 1 ...... 8.00-8.25 Zinc •Cleveland, No. 1 ...... 8.00-8.25 Ferrophosphorous, per ton, Tubes •New York ...... 3.00-3.25 •Chicago, No. 1 ...... 8.00-8.25 c. 1., 17-19% Rockdale, *Hlgh, yellow brass ...20.87% Cleveland ...... 3.00-3.25 •St. Louis ...... 8.00-8.50 St. Louis ...... 2.75-3.00 Tenn., basis, 18%, $3 * Seamless copper...... 20.87 % u n it a g e ...... 63§0 Alum inum Rods Composition Brass Borings Ferrophosphorus, electro- •New York ...... 5.75-6.00 •Borings, Cleveland. . .8.00-8.25 Ivtic, per ton c. 1., 23- ♦High yellow brass ....14.6214 •Mixed cast, Cieve.. .10.75-11.00 •Copper, hot rolled ...... 16.62% 26% f.o.b. Anniaton, Light Copper •Clips, soft, Cleve____ 12.75-13.00 Ala., 24% 53 unitage 80.00 Anodes •New Y o r k ...... 6.00-6.25 •Mixed cast, St. L ____ 11.75-12.00 ?erromolybdenum, itand. •Copper, untrlmmed... .17.37% •Cleveland ...... 6.00-6.25 SECONDARY METALS 55-65%, lb...... ®-» Wire •Chicago ...... 6.00-6.25 •Brass, ingot, 85-5-5-5, lei.. 12.25 Molybdate, lb. cont...... o.ou •Yellow brass (high).. .18.37% •St. Louis ...... 6.00-6.25 •Stand. No. 12 alum,. 18.00-18.50 ICarloads. Quan. dlff. aPP1'

132 /TEEL —The Market Week — WAREHOUSE IRON AND STEEL PRICES

Cents per pound tor delivery within metropolitan districts of cities specified STEEL BARS Phila. floor ...... 5.25c Philadelphia . .. 4.10c Philadelphia . .. 4.53c New Orleans. . 60 Baltimore ...... 4.00c Pittsburgh ( h ) . . 3.70c Pittsburgh (h ). . 4.00c Pittsburgh ...... 4.15c Pittsburgh . . . . 65-5 Birmingham ... 3.85c Portland ...... 4.25c Portland ...... 5.00c Portland (f) (d) 7.10c Bostontt ...... 4.05c San Francisco... 4.05c San Francisco. . . 4.80c San Fran, (f) (d) 6.80c (a) Under 100 lbs., Buffalo ...... 3.90c S e a t tle ...... 4.25c Seattle ...... 4.95c Seattle (f) (d ). . 7.10c 50 off. Chattanooga ... 4.21c St. Louis ...... 3.99c St. Louis ...... 4.34c St. Louis ...... 4.54c (b) Plus straighten­ Chicago (j) .... 3.85c St. Paul ...... 4.00c St. Paul ...... 4.35c St. P a u l ...... 4.77c ing, cutting and quan­ Cincinnati ...... 4.05c Tulsa ...... 3.60c HOOPS Tulsa ...... 4.80c tity differentials; (c) Cleveland ...... 3.75c NO. 10 BLUE Baltimore ...... 4.45c COLD ROLLED STRIP Plus mill, size and Detroit ...... 3.93 He Baltimore ...... 3.95c B ostontt ...... 5.25c Boston ...... 3.845c quantity extras; (d) Houston ...... 3.10c Birmingham ... 3.80c Buffalo ...... 4.22c Buffalo ...... 3.79c Quantity base; (e) New Los Angeles .... 4.30c Boston (g) 4.00c Chicago ...... 4.10c Chicago ...... 3.87c mill classlf. (f) Rounds Milwaukee 3.96c-4.11c Buffalo, 8-10 ga. 3.97c Cincinnati ...... 4.25r Cincinnati ...... 3.82c only; (g) 50 bundles or New O rleans. . . . 4.20c Chattanooga ... 4.16c Detroit, 14 & Und. 4.185c Cleveland (b ). .. 3.60c over; (h) Outside deliv­ ery, 10c less; (1) Under New Y orkt ( d ) .. 4.12c Chicago ...... 3.85c Los Angeles .... 6.55c Detroit ...... 3.43c Pitts, (h) ...... 3.80c Cincinnati...... 4.00c Milwaukee ...... 4.21c New Yorkt (d).. 3.92c 3 In.; (J) Shapes other Philadelphia .. . 4.00c Cleveland ...... 3.91C New York* (d ).. 4.32c St. Louis ...... 4.54c than rounds, flats, fillet angles, 0.15c higher. Portland ...... 4.50c Det. 8-10 ga___ 3.93He Philadelphia ... 4.35c TOOL STEELS San F ra n cis co ... 4.20c H ouston ...... 3.45c Pittsburgh (h).. 4.50c (Applying on or east of On plates, shapes, S e a ttle ...... 4.45c Los Angeles.... 4.50c Portland ...... 6.50c Mississippi river; west bars, hot strip and blue St. Leuls ...... 4.09c M ilwaukee ...... 3.96c San Francisco.. 6.50c of Mississippi lc up.) annealed quantity ex­ St. P au l___ 4.10c-4.25c New Orleans. ... 4.35c S e a t tle ...... 6.30c Base tras and discounts aa Tulsa ...... 3.35c New Yorkt (d).. 4.07c St. L o u is ...... 4.34c High speed ...... 69c follow s: Under 100 lbs., 4.25c St. P a u l ...... 4.35c add $1.50; 100 to 399 IRON BARS Portland ...... High carbon, Cr... 45c Philadelphia .. . 4.00c COLD FIN. STEEL Oil hardening .... 26c lbs., add 50c; 400 to 3.50c Portland ...... Pittsburgh (h).. 3.75 c Baltimore ( c ) . . . 4.50c Special tool ...... 24c 3999 lbs., base; 4000 to Chattanooga . . . 4.21c San Francisco. .. 4.30c Birmingham ... 4.91c Extra tool ...... 20c 9999 lbs., deduct 10c; Baltimore* ...... 3.25c Seattle ...... 4.50C Boston* ...... 4.65c Regular tool .... 16c over 10,000 lbs., deduct Cincinnati ...... 4.05c St. Louis ...... 4.39c Buffalo (h) ___ 4.35c Water hardening 12 He 15c. At Cleveland, under New Y orkt ( d ) . . 3.65c St. Paul ...... 4.10c Chattanooga* . . 4.86c Uniform extras apply. 400 lbs., add 50c, with Philadelphia .. . 4.00c Tulsa ...... 3.80c Chicago (h) .... 4.30c BOLTS AND NUTS $1 minimum Invoice. St. L o u is ...... 4.09C NO. 24 BLACK Cincinnati ...... 4.50c (100 pounds or over) tDomestlc steel; REINFORCING BARS Baltimore*t .... 4.50c Cleveland (h ). .. 4.30c Discount •Plus quantity extras; Buffalo ...... 3.10c Birmingham .. . 4.40c Detroit ...... 4.30c Birmingham ...... 50-10 ••One to 9 bundles: Birmingham .. . 3.85c Boston (g) 4.75c Los Ang. (f) (d) 6.85c Chicago ( a ) . . . 55 to 60 •t 50 or more bundles; Chattanooga ... 4.21c Buffalo ...... 4.80C Milwaukee ...... 4.41c Cleveland ...... 60-5-5 tNew extras apply; Cleveland (c)... 2.55c Chattanooga* . . 4.06C New Orleans. . . 5.10c Detroit ...... 70-10 ttBase 10,000 lbs., ex­ Cincinnati ...... 3.75c Chicago . .. .4.45c-5.10c New Yorkt (d).. 4.57c Milwaukee ... .60 to 65 tras on less. Houston ...... 3.25c Cincinnati ...... 4.75c Los Angeles, c.l. 2.975c Cleveland ...... 4.66c New Orleans* ... 3.24c D e tr o it...... 4.68 He Pitts., plain ( h ) . 2.55c Los Angeles .... 5.05C Current Iron and Steel Prices of Europe Pitts., twisted Milwaukee 4.56c-5.21c Dollars at Rates of Exchange, Oct. 28 squares (h)... 3.95C New Yorkt (d).. 4.82c San Francisco. .2.97He Philadelphia ... 4.65c Export Prices f. o. b. Ship at Port of Dispatch— (By Cable or Radio) Seattle ...... 2.975c Pitts.*• (h) ----- 4.75c St. L o u is ...... 3.99c Portland ...... 5.15c Continental Tulsa ...... 3.25c Seattle ...... 5.35c British Channel or North Sea ports, metric tons Young...... 2.30C-2.60C San Francisco. .. 5.15c gross tons »»Quoted in gold U. K. ports Quoted in dollars St. Louis ...... 4.84c pounds sterling SHArES PIG IRON £ s d at current value £ s d St. P a u l...... 4.75c Baltimore 3.90c Foundry, 2.50-3.00 Silicon *29.76$ 29.76 6 0 0 320.95 0 Tulsa ...... 4.85c 2 12 Birmingham . 3.75c Basic bessemer...... 19.47 3 18 6 20.95 2 12 0 Hematite, Phos. .03-.05.. 35.96 7 5 0» Bostontt ...... 3.92c NO. 24 GALV. SHEETS Buffalo ...... 3.80c Baltimore» t ----- 4.70c SEMIFINISHED Chattanooga . 4.11c Birmingham ... 5.05c STEEL C h ica g o ...... 3.75c Buffalo ...... 5.45c Billets...... 339.06 7 17 6 343.20 5 7 6 Cincinnati ... 3.95c Boston (g) ----- 5.30c Wire rods, No. 5 gage----- 53.69 10 16 6 49.22 6 2 6 Cleveland 3.86c Chattanooga* . . 4.76c FINISHED STEEL Detroit ...... 3.95c Chicago (h) 5.10c-5.7oc Houston ...... 3.10C Cincinnati ...... 5.40c Standard rails...... $50.22*50.22 10 2 6 346.20 5 15 0 Merchant bars...... *2.43c J 11 0 0 2.18c to 2.28c 6 0 0 to 6 5 0 Los A n g e le s... 4.30c Cleveland ...... 5.31C Structural shapes...... 2.35c 10 12 6 1.96c 5 7 6 Milwaukee ... 3.86C Detroit ...... 5.40c Plates, tK in- or 5 m m ... 2.56c 11 11 3 2.59c 7 2 6 New Orleans. . 4.10c Houston ...... 4.50c Sheets, black, 24 gage or 3.32c 15 0 0 3.18c 8 15 Ott New Yorkt (d) 3.97c Los Angeles ----- 5.75c 0.5 mm...... 4.14c IS 15 0 4.01c 11 0 0 Milwaukee 5.21c-5.86c Sheets, gal., 24 gage, corr. 3.04c 13 15 0 2.37c 6 10 0 Philadelphia . 3.90c Bands and strips...... 4.31c 19 10 0 2.54c 7 0 0 Pittsburgh (h) 3.70c New Orleans*... 5.75c Plain wire, base...... Portland (1).. 4.25C New Yorkt (d).. 5.47c Galvanized wire, base----- 5.14c 23 5 0 3.18c 8 15 0 San Francisco. 4.05c Philadelphia . .. 5.30c Wire nails, base...... 4.09c 18 10 0 2.90c 8 0 0 Seattle (1) 4.25c Pitts.* * (h) ----- 5.40c Tin plate, box 108 lbs----- i>* o.6.20 zu i1 :>5 u 0 ...... St. L o u is ...... 3.99c Portland ...... 5.90c British ferromanganese $102.50 delivered Atlantic seaboard, duty-paid. St. Paul ...... 4.00c San Francisco... 5.85c TulBa ...... 3.60c S e a t tle ...... 5.90c Domestic Prices at Works or Furnace— Last Reported St. L o u is ...... 5.49c PLATES St. P a u l ...... 5.40c French Belgian Reic h Baltimore ...... 3.90c 5.20c £ * d Francs F rancs Marks Birmingham .. . 3.75c Fdy. pig iron, Si. 2 .5 .... 325.05 5 1 0 (a)317.12 505 327.04 800 325.31 63 B o s t o n t t ...... 3.93c BANDS Basic bessemer pig iron.. 24.80 5 0 0(a) 27.93 (b) 69.50 Buffalo ...... 3.80c Baltimore ...... 4.20c Furnace coke...... 9.30 1 17 6 6.03 178 ' Ï .2 7 215 7.63 19 4.25c Billets...... 39.06 7 17 6 25.68 757.50 32.45 960 38.77 96.50 Chattanooga ... 4.11c B ostontt ...... 6 4.22c Standard rails...... 2.24c 10 2 1.62c 1,080 2.06c 1,375 2.38c 132 Chicago ...... 3.75c Merchant bars...... 2.53c 11 9 0 1.49c 995 1.65c 1,100 1.98c 110 Cincinnati ...... 3.95c Chattanooga ... 4.41c Structural shapes...... 2.44c 11 0 6 1.46c 970 1.65c 1,100 1.93c 107 Cleve., Vi-in., o’r 3.86c Cincinnati ...... 4.25c Plates, tJi-in. or 5 m m ... 2.59c 11 14 3 1 .86c 1,240 2.06c 1,375 2.29c 127 in O O Detroit ...... 3.95c Cleveland ...... 4.16c Sheets, black...... 3.48c 15 15 05 2.25c ■*-+ 2.36c 1,575t 2.59c 144Î Chicago ...... 4.10c Sheets, galv., corr., 24 ga. Detroit, A -In.... 4.15c or 0.5. mm...... 4.31c 19 10 0 3.38c 2,250 2.85c 1,900 6.66c 370 Houston ...... 3.10c Detroit, A & Und. 4.185c Plain wire...... 4.31c 19 10 0 2.28c 1,520 2.48c 1,650 3.11c 173 Los Angeles .... 4.30c Houston ...... 3.3oC Bands and strips...... 2.70c 12 4 0 1 .68c 1,120 2.33c 1,550 2.29c 127 Milwaukee ...... 3.86c Los Angeles .... 4.80c •Basic. '('British ship-plates. Continental, bridge plates. 524 . _ ga. _ J1______to 3 mm.______basicr ____ price New Orleans.... 4.10c Milwaukee ...... 4.21c British quotations are lor basic open-hearth steel. Continent usually for basic-bessemer steel New Orleans----- 4.75c a del. Middlesbrough, b hemetite. ttClose annealed. New Yorkt (d ). . 4.00c ••Gold pound sterling carries a premium of 65.5 pel ceit over paper sterling. Philadelphia . .. 3.90c New Yorkt (d).. 4.32c

November 1, 1937 133 -The Murket Week — IRON AND STEEL SCRAP PRICES

Corrected to Friday night. Gross tons delivered to consumers, except where otherwise stated; t indicates brokers prices

HEAVY MELTING STEEL SPRINGS Buffalo ...... 9.00- 9.50 Cincinnati, iron .... 16.50-17.00 Birmingham,t No. 1 14.00 Buffalo ...... 19.00-20.00 Cincinnati, dealers. . 7.00- 7.50 Eastern Pa., iron. . . 18.00-18.50 Birm ingham ,} No. 2 13.00 Chicago, coil ...... 19.50-20.50 Cleveland ...... 11.50-12.00 Eastern Pa., steel. . 20.50-21.00 Bos. dock No. 1 exp. 14.00 Chicago, le a f ...... 18.00-18.50 D etroit ...... 8.00- 8.50 Pittsburgh, iron .... 16.00-16.50 N. Eng. del. No. 1. . 14.50-15.00 Eastern P a...... 21.00-21.50 Eastern P a ...... 9.00- 9.50 Pittsburgh, steel. .. . 19.25-19.75 Buffalo, No. 1 ...... 14.50-15.50 Pittsburgh ...... 19.25-19.75 New York ...... f6.00- 6.50 St. Louis, iron .... 17.00-17.50 Buffalo, No. 2 ...... 12.50-13.50 St. Louis ...... 20.00-20.50 Pittsburgh ...... 11.25-11.75 St. Louis, steel.... 19.00-19.50 Chicago, No. 1 ...... 13.75-14.25 Toronto, d e a le rs .. . . 8.00- 8.50 ANGLE BARS—STEEL Cleveland, No. 1. . . 14.00-14.50 NO. 1 CAST SCRAP Cleveland, No. 2 ... 13.00-13.50 Chicago ...... 15.50-16.00 CAST IRON BORINGS St. Louis ...... 16.00-16.50 B irm in g h a m ...... Detroit, No. 1 ...... 11.50-12.00 Birmingham ...... 8.00 15.50-16.00 Boston, No. 1 mach. Eastern Pa., No. 1. . 14,50-15.00 Boston dist. ehem... t8.50 flS.OO RAILROAD SPECIALTIES N. Eng. del. No. 2. . Eastern Pa., No. 2. . 12.50-13.00 Bos. dist. for mills Í8.00 14.00-14.50 Federal, 111...... 12.50-13.00 Chicago ...... 18.50-19.00 N. Eng. del. textile. 17.00 B uffalo ...... 9.50-10.00 Granite City, R. R. 15.00-15.50 Buffalo, cupola .... 14.00-14.50 Chicago ...... 9.50-10.00 Granite City, No. 2. 12.50-13.00 LOW PHOSPHORUS Buffalo, mach ...... 15.00-15.50 Cincinnati, dealers.. 7.00- 7.50 New York, No. 1. . t14.00 Buffalo, billet and Chicago, agri. net. . 11.50-12.00 11.50-12.00 N. Y. dock No. 1 exp 13.00-13.50 bloom crops .... 19.00-19.50 Cleveland ...... Chicago, auto ...... 12.50-13.00 D etroit ...... 8.00- 8.50 Pitts,, No. 1 (R. R.) 16.25-16.75 Cleveland, b ille t, Chicago, railr’d net 12.50-13.00 E. Pa., chem ical. .. . 14.00-14.50 Pitts., No. 1 (dir.). . 14.75-15.25 bloom crops ...... 22.00-22.50 Chicago, mach. net 13.50-14.00 N ew York ...... f6.50- 7.00 Pittsburgh, No. 2. . . 13.50-14.00 Eastern Pa., crops.. 20.50-21.00 Cincin., mach. cup.. . 13.00-13.50 St. Louis ...... 6.00- 6.50 St. Louis, R. R ...... 15.00-15.50 Pittsburgh, b ille t, Cleveland, mach... 18.50-19.00 St. Louis, No. 2 .... 12.50-13.00 bloom crops .... 19.75-20.25 Toronto, dealers.... 9.00 Eastern Pa., cupola 18.00-18.50 Toronto, dlrs. No. 1. 12.00 Pittsburgh, sh eet E. Pa., mixed yard. 14.50-15.00 Toronto, No. 2 ...... 11.00 bar crops ...... 19.25-19.75 PIPE AND FLUES Pittsburgh, cupola.. 16.50-17.00 Valleys, No. 1 ...... 16.00-16.50 Cincinnati, dealers. . 8.50- 9.00 San Francisco, del.. 13.50-14.00 COMPRESSED SHEETS PROGS, SWITCHES Chicago, net ...... 10.50-11.00 Seattle ...... 8.00- 9.00 Buffalo, dealers.... 12.50-13.50 Chicago ...... 13.75-14.25 St. Louis, No. 1. .. . 12.75-13.25 Chicago, factory... 13.00-13.50 St. Louis, cut ...... 15.50-16.00 RAILROAD GRATE BARS St. L., No. 1, mach. 13.75-14.25 Chicago, dealer .... 12.50-13.00 B uffalo ...... 10.00-10.50 Toronto, No. 1, Cleveland ...... 13.50-14.00 SHOVELING STEEL Chicago, net ...... 9.50-10.00 mach., net ...... 14.00-15.00 Detroit ...... 12.50-13.00 Federal, 111...... 12.50-13.00 C in cin n a ti...... 8.50- 9.00 E. Pa., new mat. ... 14.50-15.00 Granite City, 111___ 12.50-13.00 Eastern Pa...... 13.00-13.50 H EAVY CAST E. Pa., old m at...... 11.00-11.50 Toronto, dealers.... 10.00 N ew York ...... flO.00-10.50 Pittsburgh ...... 14.75-15.25 St. Louis ...... 11.00-11.25 Boston dist. break. fll.50 St. Louis ...... 10.00-10.50 RAILROAD WROUGHT N. Eng. del...... 14.75 Valleys ...... 15.50-16.00 B irm in g h a m ...... 13.50-14.00 FORGE FLASHINGS Buffalo, break...... 12.00-12.50 . 16.00-17.00 BUNDLED SHEETS Boston district .... tl0.00-10,25 Boston district .... t9.75 Cleveland, break. . Buffalo, No. 1 ...... 12.00-12.50 B uffalo ...... 13.00-13.50 Detroit, break. ... . 11.50-12.00 Buffalo ...... 9.50-10.00 . 13.00-13.50 Cincinnati, del...... 11.50-12.00 Buffalo, No. 2 ...... 15.00-15.50 Cleveland ...... 14.50-15.00 Detroit, auto net. . . 15.50-16.00 Cleveland ...... 10.00-10.50 Chicago, No. 1 net. . 12.50-13.00 D e t r o it ...... 11.00-11.50 Eastern P a...... Cincinnati, No. 2 . . . 12.50-13.00 Pittsburgh ...... 14.00-14.50 New York, break... . tl2.00-12.50 Pittsburgh ...... 14.00-14.50 . 13.50-14.00 St. LOUls ...... 9.50-10.00 Eastern Pa., No. 1. . 15.50-16.00 Pittsburgh ...... Toronto, dealers . .. 8.00 St. Louis, No. 1 ___ 10.00-10.50 FORGE SCRAP St. Louis, No. 2 ___ 15.00-15.50 Boston district . . . t8.50 MALLEABLE SHEET CLIPPINGS, LOOSE Toronto, No. 1 dir.. . 16.00 Chicago, heavy ... . 18.50-19.00 Chicago ...... 10.00-10.50 Birmingham, R. R. 12.50-:13.50 18.00 Cincinnati ...... 9.50-10.00 SPECIFICATION PIPE ARCH BARS, TRANSOMS New England, del... 16.00 ■16.50 Detroit ...... 9.50-10.00 Eastern P a...... 15.50-16.00 St. Louis ...... 17.00-17.50 Buffalo ...... St. Louis ...... 8.50- 9.00 New Y o r k ...... f 11.50-12.00 Chicago, R. R ...... 16.00-■16.50 Cincin., agri. del.. .. 13.00-•13.50 STEEL RAILS, SHORT AXLE TURNINGS Cleveland, rail .... 17.00-■17.50 Birmingham ...... 15.00 BUSIIELING Boston district .... f9.00 Detroit, auto ...... 13.00-■13.50 Buffalo ...... 19.50-20.00 Buffalo, No. 1 ...... 12.50- •13.50 Buffalo ...... 13.50-14.00 Eastern Pa., R. R.. . 17.00-18.00 Chicago (3 ft.) ...... 17.50-1S.00 Chicago, No. 1 ...... 13.00-•13.50 Chicago, elec. fur.. . 14.00-14.50 Pittsburgh, rail .... 15.50-•16.00 Chicago (2 ft.) ...... 18.50-19.00 Cincin., No. 1, d e a l.. 12.00- ■12.50 Eastern P a...... 13.50-14.00 St. Louis, R. R ...... 15.00-15.50 Cincinnati, del...... 18.50-19.00 Cincinnati, No. 2 . . . 7.00-• 7.50 St. Louis ...... 11.00-11.50 Detroit ...... 16.50-17.00 Cleveland, No. 2. .. 10.50- ■11.00 Toronto ...... 9.50 Pitts., 3 ft. and less 19.25-19.75 Detroit, No. 1, new. 12.00- •12.50 RAILS FOR ROLLING St. Louis, 2 ft. & less 17.00-17.50 Valleys, new, No. 1 14.75- ■15.25 STEEL CAR AXLES Toronto, dealers... . 9.00 5 feet and over STEEL KAILS, SCRAP B irm in g h a m ...... 19.00-20.00 Buffalo ...... 19.00-20.00 Birmingham ...... 17.00-18.00 Boston district ....tl4.00-14.50 MACHINE TURNINGS Boston district . .. fl9.00 Boston ...... fl2.50 Buffalo ...... 16.00-16.50 B irm in g h a m ...... 6.00-■ 7.00 Chicago ...... 16.50-17.00 Chicago ...... 13.75-14.25 Chicago, net ...... 21.00-21.50 Buffalo ...... 9.00-■ 9.50 Eastern Pa...... 22.00-22.50 Eastern P a...... 19.00-19.50 Cleveland ...... 17.50-18.00 Chicago ...... 9.50-■10.00 St. Louis ...... 19.50-20.00 New York ...... fl5.50-16.00 Pittsburgh ...... 16.25-16.75 Cincinnati, dealers. . 8.50-• 9.00 St. Louis ...... 17.00-17.50 St. Louis ...... 15.00-15.50 Cleveland ...... 9.00-■ 9.50 SHAFTING STOVE PLATE D e t r o it ...... 7.00-■ 7.50 Boston district .... fl7.00 LOCOMOTIVE TIRES Eastern P a...... 10.00- B irm in g h a m ...... 9.50-10.00 10.50 New York ...... tl7.50-18.00 New York ...... t8.00- Chicago (cut) ...... 18,50‘ 12'2n Boston district . . . . 18.50 • 8.50 Eastern P a...... 21.50-22.00 Pittsburgh ...... 10.25- St. Louis, No. 1 . . . , 17.00-17.50 Buffalo ...... -. . . 12.00-12.50 ■10.75 St. Louis ...... 16.00-16.50 Chicago ...... 10.00-10.50 St. Louis ...... 8.00-• 8.50 Toronto, dealers . . . 8.00- Cincinnati, dealers.. S.50- 9.00 ■ 8.50 CAR WHEELS LOW PHOS. rUNCHINGS Detroit, net ...... 9.50-10.00 Valleys ...... 12.00- 12.50 Birmingham ...... 17.00-18.00 B uffalo ...... Eastern Pa...... 13.00-13.50 Boston dist., ir o n ... 112.50 New York, fdry. . . . f 10.00-10.50 BORINGS AND TURNINGS C hicago ...... 17-5^ n Buffalo, steel ...... 19,00-19.50 For Blast Furnace Ose Eastern P a...... 20 St. Louis ...... 11.00-11.50 Chicago, iron ...... 16.50-17.00 Pittsburgh (heavy) 19.00-19.50 Toronto, deal’ rs, net 10.00 Boston district . . . . 17.00 Chicago, rolled steel 16.50-17.00 Pittsburgh (light) • 19.50-20.00

Eastern Local Ore Iron O re nom ...... 13.00-14.00 Chrome ore, 48% Cents, unit, del. E. Pa. No. Air. low phos. gross ton, c.i.f.. .S25.50--6.5 Foundry and basic Lake Superior Ore nom ...... 18.00-20.00 56.63% con...... 9.00-10.00 Gross ton, 51%% Swedish low phos. nom inal Manganese Ore Cop.-free low phos. Spanish No. Africa Prices not Including duty, centi Lower Lake Ports 58-60% . nom inal basic, 50 to 60% per unit cargo lots. Old range bessemer...... 55.25 Foreign Ore nom ...... 15.00 Caucasian, 50-52%.- Mesabl nonbess...... 4.95 Cents per unit, f.a.s. Atlantic Tungsten, Nov.-Dee...... non. 50.00 High phosphorus ...... 4.85 Foreign manganlfer- sh. ton, unit, duty So- African, 50-52% ^ ^ Mesabl bessemer...... 5.10 nus ore. 45.55% P d ...... '. . nominal Old ranee nonbew»...... 5.10 iron, 6-10% man. N. F., fdy., 55% ___ 7.00 Indian.' 50-52% ...... Nominal

134 / TEEL LOGEMANN Metal Baling Presses

Steel mills, automobile manufacturers, LOGEMANN scrap metal presses are stamping plants and scrap yards bale built in many sizes and several types, their sheet scrap in LOGEMANN scrap to meet specific conditions. The illus­ metal presses. Baled scrap pays sub­ tration shows two LOGEMANN in­ stantial dividends .... saves space .... stallations in a prominent automobile can be more economically handled and plant .... in the background a two-ram loaded .... is practically free from unit for ordinary scrap .... a triple­ corrosion and saves much heat in re­ compression press with special large m elting .... can be held for favorable box in foreground for bulky scrap, price periods. drums and large forms.

The LOGEMANN line includes baling presses for all materials . . . . high pressure pumps .... hydraulic straighteners .... hydraulic presses and fittings. Write for descriptive bulletins.

LOGEMANN BROTHERS COMPANY 3126 W. Burleigh St. Milwaukee, Wis.

November 1 , 1937 135 — The Market Week —

are ordering only lightly and trying light. Little buying has been traced Sheets to lower inventories. Automobile to consumers attempting to take ad­ manufacturers have material on vantage of present freight rates. Sheet Prices, Page 130 hand and from all indications are Chicago—There is no improve­ comfortably situated. Operations ment in the demand for sheets. Re­ Pittsburgh—With October nearly are estimated around 65 per cent; sumption of production by Ford is ended, the month’s sheet specifica­ galvanized mills, around 67. expected to provide some stimulus tions are below the September vol­ Cleveland —- Inventories of mis­ to automotive sheet shipments ume, although elimination of the cellaneous consumers are ample, al­ though most interests are cautious first week in September would make though they would be considered low regarding forward buying. While the figures more comparable. In the on the volume of production report­ consumers generally are attempting last few days tonnage has gained ed a few months ago. Current buy­ to reduce stocks, some users still due to one automobile manufac­ ing, while showing a moderate in­ have fairly large inventories. Sheet turer’s specifications, but no pro­ crease, is still well below former mill backlogs are light and delivery nounced trend has developed and estimates. Specifications from local of practically all grades can be made the situation is still spotty. Jobbers stamping concerns is noticeably in two to three weeks or less. Boston— Gain in sheet buying is spotty, with some sellers noting a slight increase in the number of small replacement orders for prompt delivery. Fabricators, including stamping shops and builders of household goods, are releasing ship­ ments about in line with consump­ tion and gradually lowering in­ ventory as the end of the year ap­ proaches. Some jobbers note a slight pickup in demand. New York—Sharp reduction in op­ erations at many consumer plants is giving the sheet market a par­ ticularly depressing outlook. As a result of this curtailment, excess stocks at these plants appear more ZINC COATED • NICKEL formidable and the trade looks for COATED • COPPER COATED little real improvement over the re­ BRASS COATEO • BRIGHT mainder of this year. Deliveries FINISH UNCOATED • • continue easy, with hot-rolled gen­ erally available at around 10 days to two weeks, cold-rolled, two to three weeks and galvanized, three to four weeks. Philadelphia -— Orders for both hot and cold-rolled sheets from the automotive trade are proving disap­ pointing, since the industry appar­ STEEL THAT MEETS YOUR NEEDS ently prefers to gage public reception for Fast Economical Fabrication with of new models before going ahead. Assurance of Fine Product Quality . . One of the stove makers, recently strikebound, again is operating at ca­ • Thomastrip has provided the quick solution to many a pro­ duction problem. Its ideal adaptability to required purposes of pacity but is using material previ­ drawing, stamping and forming, its fine commercial finishes in ously on hand or on order. Demand electro zinc, nickel, copper, brass or plain, its dependable from miscellaneous sources is light uniformity and accuracy to specifications, insure economy and and in practically all cases is geared freedom from fabrication difficulties. Hundreds of manufac­ to actual consumptive requirements. turers are profiting by the use of this specialized production cold rolled strip — benefiting by the engineering cooperation Youngstown, O. — Lessened vol­ and service speed of the closely coordinated Thomas mill and ume of demand for steel sheets is Sales Departments. Without obligation, a Thomas engineer causing the smaller sheet mills to will gladly analyze your particular fabrication problem and taper their activities somewhat. determine the Thomastrip specification best for your product Some are operating on a shorter and equipment. Investigate, today, the many definite advan­ vvork-week, and still others are idle tages available to you in Thomas specialized experience and this week but with earmarked flooi service cooperation. stocks of fair sizes awaiting ship­ ping releases from auto partsmak- ers. Customers are cautiously plac­ ing pressing orders and asking prompt shipment. , St. Louis—With other finished

Send for lost samples. Specify width, steel products, the market for sheets gauge, temper and finish desired. continues quiet. Business consis s chiefly of fill-in orders, and no class of users appears interested in (lis‘ THE THOMAS STEEL CO. WARREN, 0 . tant requirements. The seasona movement of galvanized materia Specialized Producers of Cold Rolled Strip Steel the south is disappointing, attri

136 /TEEL — The Market Week- uted to the sharp decline in cotton lieved and many are still working Most consumers, carload buyers and and rice prices. off this stock. Hot strip demand is others, are covered against needs for Cincinnati—Moderate sheet buy­ sluggish. balance of fourth quarter. Prompt ing for automotive interests has New York — New cold strip buy­ delivery is available from mills. failed to hold and order books last ing continues to reflect the cautious Youngstown, O. — Demand for week resembled those of recent dull attitude of most fabricating con­ wider hot-rolled strip steel continues periods. Miscellaneous demand has sumers who are buying only for to hold up rather better than nar­ been only fair, with uptrends in some replacement to fill gaps in stocks. rower widths. It seems to be the seasonal lines, refrigerators and Such volume is usually for prompt other way around with cold-rolled, stoves, not pronounced. shipment, which mills are able to auto partsmakers and miscellaneous Birmingham, Ala. — While speci­ meet, backlogs having been worked consumers taking more freely the fications for some classifications of off some time ago. narrow widths of cold-rolled. Mills sheets, notably roofing, have not Philadelphia — Continued quiet is need new business in both lines of been up to expectations, mills con­ reported in narrow strip, in both strip, and some irregularity is ap­ tinue to operate at capacity. De­ hot and cold-rolled specifications. pearing in operating rates. mand for galvanized sheets con­ tinues fair. Strip

Strip Trices, Page 131 Pittsburgh — In common with most other products, only moderate demand is noted by strip steel pro­ ducers. Consumers continue cau­ tious and are unwilling to buy be­ yond actual requirements, even though inventories apparently are lower than earlier this year. De­ mand for automotive purposes con­ tinues irregular. Household appli­ ance manufacturers continue active, however. Deliveries are prompt. C l e v e l a n d — Producers of hot and cold-rolled strip report electrical equipment manufacturers are "fairly active, although demand from this source is disappointing for most RUSTLESS IRON & STEEL CORPORATION are intent on using up inventories and are specifying only for fill-in purposes. Specifications from local are using a Brosius Auto Floor Charging Machine for charging stamping concerns have shown some their 6 ton Electric Furnaces. This machine handles a standard increase recently. Mills are gener­ 5' 0" charging box, is self-contained, and requires no tracks- ally operating on reduced schedules with backlogs seriously depleted. leaving the floor free of obstruction. No provision, aside from Chicago ■— Strip demand continues a good floor on which to operate, is necessary for the installa­ slow. Business has received little tion of the machine. stimulus from expansion in motor car assemblies but a further gain FIFTY-TWO of these machines have been sold in the in shipments of automobile material is looked for this month. Consum­ United States and abroad for serving melting and heating ers are reducing inventories and furnaces, mills, hammers, presses, etc. some users shortly are expected to make new commitments. Production OTHER PRODUCTS has been curtailed with the depletion Electric. Steam, and Hydro-Electric Clay Guns, Hand and Motor Operated Goggle Valves, of mill backlogs and delivery can Cinder Notch Stoppers. Flue Dust Conditioners, Blast Furnace Slag Granulating Machines. be effected on relatively short notice. Single Hook Grab Buckets, Automatic Dump Buckets. Automatic Single Hoist Buckets. Overhead Charging Machines for serving Heating and Melting Furnaces. Auto Floor Manip­ Boston — Narrow cold strip mills ulators for serving Steam Hammers. Presses, etc. in most instances have made fur­ ther adjustment in operating sched­ ules, production being slightly low­ er, in line with spotty buying. Pres­ Edgar E. BROSIUS, Inc. sure for prompt delivery accom­ panies practically all orders, but Engineers and Manufacturers mills are able to meet this require­ ment, backlogs having been cleared. PITTSBURGH SHARPSBURG BRANCH PA. There is little advance buying and business on books beyond December European Distributor: Dango & Dienenthal, Siegen, Westphalia, Germany shipment is usually tonnage deferred for later shipment or subject to Brosius Equipment is patented in the Uniled Stales and Foreign Countries open releases. Users of strip stocked heavier than generally be­

November 1, 1937 137 — The Market Week —

erate increase in miscellaneous re­ are small and little improvement in quirements for tank and boiler buying is looked for before renewal Plates work, particularly the latter. De­ of equipment purchasing by the Plato Prices, Page 130 liveries can be made within a week railroads. Tank fabricators are on standard sizes and in some in­ fairly busy but no large lots have Pittsburgh — Announcement of stances mills have curtailed opera­ been placed recently. higher freight rates has failed to tions sharply. Some recent buying Boston—Plate buying is dull, mis­ bring immediate buying by rail­ has been traced to efforts of con­ cellaneous requirements accounting roads. Other consuming sources sumers to take advantage of present for most shipments. Such orders are continue quiet from the standpoint freight rates, but this is small. usually small, with car lot deliveries of specifications, although consump­ Chicago—Plate demand is fair few. Boiler shops are beginning to tion among tank fabricators is fairly from consumers other than railroad lower backlogs, which were not well maintained. Deliveries are shops and freight car builders, but heavy in most instances, and appear prompt, with backlogs well depleted. poor requirements of the latter are to be covered for immediate needs. Cleveland—Sellers report a mod­ restricting shipments. Mill backlogs Shipyard releases are steady, but most tonnage for that industry is potential rather than for current needs. With one or two exceptions, structural shops are taking few plates; recently placed tank work gives little work to district shops. New York—A fair amount of oil refinery work is being figured but little actually placed, and with rail­ road and ship work negligible, plate- makers find new tonnage light. There is also some good export in­ quiry but foreign buyers demand concessions, which most sellers are not willing to meet, with a result that little business is developing. N. L. Harrison & Son, Newark, N. J., general contractors, have awarded a 48-inch water main for Newark to a Leetsdale, Pa., mill, requiring approximately 1400 tons of plates. When the new freight rate becomes effective, the delivery price on plates will be 2.54c, an increase of 1 cent per 100 pounds. More than 21,000 tons of plates and other steel products will be up for bids Nov. 16 for two battleships, with further requirements to come out later. Philadelphia — Although a large Elim inate Slipping and Falling with share of incoming plate business is for less than carlots no deviation I N L A N D 4-WAY FLOOR PLATE in base prices and small quantity extras is noted. Business is largely miscellaneous in character and in­ sufficient in total to support opera­ Management today is keenly alive to its responsi­ tions. Some plate mills are down to three days a week or less and bility for safety o f employes in obviously danger­ some are considering dropping an­ other turn. Demand from abroad is ous places— but often overlooks the commonplace slower and less attractive from a price standpoint. Offering prices hazards o f floors and stairs. for export are around 2.30c to 2.43c, f.a.s. New York, with the minimum offered by Scandinavian countries W e urge you to consider the importance of safe and the maximum by the Far East. Birmingham, Ala. — Buying of flooring, and suggest Inland 4 -Way Floor Plate plates has shown some improve­ ment over the past two weeks and for permanent safety underfoot. has contributed some to the dis­ trict’s production rate. San Francisco — Interest is cen­ tered in the outcome of the awar SHEETS . STRIP • TIN PLATE • BARS • PUTES • STRUCTURALS • PIIING RAILS AND ACCESSORIES of 45 tanks of 82,000-barrel capaci­ ty for Japanese interests, calling to approximately 14,000 tons. It is e* pected that these tanks will be placea In l a n d S t e e l C o. with three plate fabricators within General Offices: 38 South Dearborn Streel, Chicago, Illinois • Offices in: Detroit—Kansas City-Milwaukee -St. louis—St. Paul the next day or two. Erection

/TEEL 138 —The Market Week the tanks, St is reported, will be done necessary for substantial improve­ proved but consumption is estimat­ by Japanese interests. ment. ed to be heavier than shipments, Seattle—Penstocks in the second Cleveland — Local forging con­ the difference being accounted for unit of Coulee dam, bids about Dec. cerns are disappointed in current re­ by further reduction in stocks. Au­ 10 at Denver, are estimated to re­ quirements from auto builders and tomotive demand still is moderate quire 8000 tons of plates to be fur ai’e consequently specifying only for and less than had been anticipated in nished by the department. Belling­ fill in purposes. Deliveries can be view of current motor car assem­ ham, Wash, has called bids Nov. 12 made within a week on all grades blies. Requirements of the farm for 3900 feet of 24-inch arc welded or of bars. Mill operations generally equipment industry still are retard­ cast iron industrial water supply have been substantially curtailed. ed by plant shutdowns for inventory pipe, which involves 200 tons of Agricultural implement manufactur­ but a good outlook prevails for the plates. Pittsburgh-Des Moines Steel ers are specifying freely for current balance of the year. Co. has been awarded a 32-foot di­ needs, with little forward buying re­ Boston — Alloy and forging bars ameter steel water storage tank for ported. are fairly active in small lot ship­ Toppenish, Wash., calling for about Chicago — Bar sales are unim­ ments, but demand for carbon steel 100 tons of plates. Other projects calling for plates are being planned but are not yet out for figures. Plate Contracts Placed 2500 tons, tanks, General American Tank Storage Terminal Co., Corpus Christ!, Motors Run— Longer, Cooler, Tex., to Wyatt Metal & Boiler Works, Dallas, Tex. 940 tons, 60-lnch welded steel pipe for Sunset discharge pipeline, San Francisco, to Western Pipe & Steel Cleaner With NON-FLUID OIL Co., San Francisco. 100 tons, 200,000-gallon tank and tower, Toppenish, Wash., to Pittsburgh-Des —and shod circuits are practically eliminated. N O N -FLU ID Moines Steel Co., Pittsburgh. O IL does not drip, nor is it affected by vibration, like or­ Plate Contracts Pending dinary oils which are thrown onto windings, where they 21,474 tons, plates, shapes, sheets, strip and bars, mostly plates, bureau o£ cause short-circuits. Maintenance and repair costs are re­ supplies and accounts, navy depart­ ment Washington; bids Nov. 16, sched­ ules 1976, 1978 and 1980. Material duced by doing away with motor bearing troubles and is for battleships North Carolina and Washington to be built at the Brook­ short circuits. lyn and Philadelphia navy yards, re­ spectively. N ON-FLUID O IL saves money on lubricant and applica­ 13,950 tons, 45 tanks, 82,000-barrel ca ­ pacity, for Japanese interests at San Francisco; bids opened and will be tion cost because it lasts longer so needs less frequent appli­ awarded within a lew days. cation. Motors are kept running steadily with cool bear­ 8000 tons, penstocks for second unit Cou­ lee dam, Wash.; bids at Denver about Dec. 10 lor general contract. ings and clean frames, free of messy, dirty conditions 500 tons, or more, seagoing hopper dredge, 2500 cubic yards capacity, which lead to oil soaked insulation and motor burn-outs. chief army engineers, Washington; bids Dec. 14. 320 tons, high-tensile black welding Send for testing sample today-prepaid-NO CHARGE! quality, for navy, delivery Washing­ ton, Lukens Steel Co., low ; bids Oct. 22. 250 tons, 500,000-barrel tank and tower, NEW YORK & NEW JERSEY San Diego, Calif.; bids opened. 200 tons, 24-inch arc welded industrial supply pipe (alternate for cast iron) LUBRICANT CO. for Bellingham, Wash.; bids Nov. 12. 160 Lons, welding quality, for navy, Main Office: 292 M ADISON AVENUE, NEW YORK delivery Washington, Worth Steel Co. low on bulk bids, Oct. 22. WAREHOUSES: Chicago, III. Atlanta, Ga. St. Louis, Mo. Detroit, Mich. Charlotte, N. C. Bars Providence, R. I. Spartanburg, S. C. Greenville, S. C. Bar Prices, Page 130 Pittsburgh — Hot-rolled bar pro­ TRADE MARK RECISTERED IN ducers report little improvement in new business. The October volume is lower than during September. NON-I#® OIL Ahoy bars, however, have been in better demand, due to automotive U.S. PAT OFFICE*. _^ FOREIGN COUNTRIES requirements, and according to some producers, bookings are comparable to September. While a small back­ MODERN STEEL MILL LUBRICANT log exists for November shipment, hot-rolled sellers await restoration of confidence and resumption of rail­ B etter L ubrication at Less Cost per M onth road buying as two of the factors

November 1 , 1937 139 —The Market Week — material continues slack. Railroads but still restricted to small orders. stocked. Prices continue steady. are doing little buying. Indications Specifications from tool builders are Youngstown, O. — Mills are re­ are that small tool shops, makers possibly the best, but even these ceiving instructions to ship prompt­ of specialties and some forging constitute a relatively small volume. ly the large number of small orders shops have lowered stocks material­ Continued absence of important buy­ for common steel bars, an indica­ ly, but this has not yet been trans­ ing by jobbers, railroads and bolt tion that purchasers’ inventories are lated into a decided improvement in and nut manufacturers is still keen­ inadequate for current consumption. new tonnage. Producers of airplane ly felt by sellers. Alloy steel bar needs of auto parts- parts are maintaining operations in Philadelphia — Demand largely is makers also are becoming manifest most instances while machine tool of a routine character and mostly more insistently. builders are also releasing some for fill-in requirements. Deliveries Birmingham, Ala. — A sprinkling business, mostly small lots through are available in practically all direc­ of new business in bars has appeared jobbers. tions in a week or less on standard but in nothing like the anticipated New York — Bar buying is steady, specifications. Jobbers are well quantity for this season. Indica­ tions are that a new buying period is shortly to materialize from man­ FAMED JEWELED CROWN OF OUR LADY OF THE ANDES—Fashioned as ufacturers of agricultural imple­ ments. a thanks offering to the Virgin M ary Iv the grateful inhabitants o f Popayan when that city escaped a dreadful plague in the early 16th Century. M ade o f pure gold, set with 453 emeralds, the largest o f which weighs 45 carats, the crown is valued at $4,500,000 and is considered one Pipe o f the finest creations o f the hand o f man through the ages. ripe Prices, l*ag:e 131 Pittsburgh—Little change in light demand for tubular goods is noted. One producer reports October ton­ nage comparable to September, and another that the decline in demand appears to be flattening out. Seam­ less, mechanical and boiler tubes have performed best in the experi­ ence of some sellers. With the year drawing to a close, there is likeli­ hood of less stocking in oil country casing and tubing. Cleveland—Cast iron pipe foun­ dries are operating at a much slow­ er pace than 30 to 60 days ago, due primarily to lack of PWA activity in this field. A number of small municipalities have ambitious plans on paper awaiting aid from this source. Most foundries have ample stock. Bids on 100 tons of cast pipe for a water system extension, York- ville, O., are to be readvertised Nov. 2. City of Cleveland is planning a new main water line from Parma reservoir to Rocky River drive, re­ quiring approximately 3000 tons of 30-36-inch steel pipe; bids are due some time this month on a portion of the project. Chicago—Cast pipe buying is slow and new inquiries are confined to small lots. Formal distribution of 2610 tons by Chicago on which bids were taken recently is the only ap­ proaching order of size. Producers * ; To create anything so fine that its craftsman- backlogs are receding, with little ship transcends all comparison is almost entirely a matter of prospect of an upturn in view of the ideals. Hoover'Ball and Roller Bearings are created to achieve season. . Boston—Cast pipe buying in small mechanical perfection . . . quality rather than quantity. It is lots is fairly active with few' ton­ ynobvious that such a purpose means that they cannot be con­ nage inquiries out for bids, bo structed cheap enough for ordi- work in upper New England wi go over until spring due to dinicui l i;/: nary use. I^ut, by this very token T T / ^ V f ~ W 7 ' T l t j laying operations. Lack of sma :/j they are a mark of distinction I I I I \/ p t J rJ building has hampered merchant for the machines they serve. 's p // //p , /O steel pipe while demand for rePa Dale and U m ip a m j■ and heating extensions has been ANN ARBOR • MICHIGAN low expectations. Birmingham, Ala. — Demand or

/TEEL 140 —The Market Week —

pipe continues disappointing. Pipe have been curtailed while in others total, but in the case of some pro­ plants have nothing on which to deliveries are still comparatively ducers, fairly comparable to the predicate hope for early resumption well extended. However, most previous month. Manufacturers’ of better than 40 to 45 per cent grades of wire can be shipped with­ continues moving slightly better production and available business is in a week to ten days. Most con­ than merchant. Jobbers’ stocks are in scattered lots. sumers are intent on using up pres­ reported out of balance, being long San Francisco—Cast iron pipe ent inventories before making fur­ on some items and short on others. market is quiet and only two proj­ ther commitments. Nut and bolt Hand-to-mouth buying is the order ects of size are up for figures. Ap­ and other consumers of manufac­ of the day, and no speculative trends proximately 5000 tons of pipe and turing wire serving the auto trade are shown. Definite export inquiry fittings will be required for the ex­ are fairly active but production is reported in rods, barbed wire and tension of the Grand Coulee dam in schedules are still disappointing. nails, with rods recently booked at Washington, bids upon which, tenta­ ■Pittsburgh — October volume of a few dollars under the domestic tively, are expected to be opened new business is behind September level. On the cost basis, wire pro- Dec. 10. Seattle—Demand for cast iron goods continues slow but with money soon available for approved PWA projects several cities in Washington and Oregon will proceed with plans for long-delayed water system improvements. Bellingham, Wash., has called bids Nov. 12 for 3900 feet of 24-inch cast iron or steel water supply pipe. If cast iron, it will total, including fittings, nearly 500 tons. Goldendale, Wash., has purchased a small tonnage of 6-inch steel pipe. Specifications show the proposed second Coulee dam unit will require 5000 tons of pipe and fittings.

Cast Pipe Placed 950 tons, navy department, eastern yards, to U. S. Pipe & Foundry Co., Burling- tonn N. J.; bids Sept. 3. 349 tons', 4 to 8-inch pipe, Tucson, Ariz., to Pacific States Cast Iron Pipe Co., Provo, Utah. 156 tons, 4 to 8-inch, Sacramcnto, Calif.: allocated as follows: 118 tons of 4 and 6-inch to United States Pipe & Foundry Co., Burlington, N. J. and 38 tons of 8-inch to American Cast Iron Pipe Co., Birmingham, Ala. Unstated tonnage, 10,000 feet of 4 to 8- inch class C mains, Fond du Lac, Wis., to James B. Clow & Sons, Chicago. Steel Pipe Placed 475 tons, lVi to 8-inch, seamless, Long Beach, Calif., to Oil Well Supply Co., Los Angeles. Cast Pipe Pending 5000 tons, pipe and fittings, for ex-" tension of Grand Coulee dam in Wash­ ington; bids Dec. 10. 400 tons, 2 to 8-inch, Powell Valley "KNOBBYETTE" P ia le Water District, Portland, Oreg.; bids opened. 338 tons, 16-lnch, Class B pipe, San Scientifically designed with a like but Diego, Calif.; bids opened. smaller pattern io its big brother Steel Pipe Pending "KNOBBY," this lighter weight floor 3000 tons, three miles o f 30 to 36-inch, for new main water line, Cleveland, plate remains fully non-skid—yet permits from Parma reservoir to Rocky River drive; bids out in near future. a safe surface for trucking. May we tell more about this character family? Wire

Wire Prices, Page 131

Cleveland — Producers of mer- CENTRAL IRON AND STEEL COMPANY chant and manufacturers’ wire re­ H A R R IS B U R G EST- 1 85 3 P E N N A . port operations in some departments

November 1, 1937 141 — The Market Week — ducers feci most of present priées advance buying. Billet, rod and early needs. Jobbers are fairly well are amply justified. semifinished stocks are now ample stocked. Inventories of consumers Boston — Wire mill operations for apparent immediate needs which have been reduced sharply the past have leveled off with the volume of is reflected in lower ingot produc­ several months but stocks in hands incoming business and are some­ tion. The present low production of some still are ample for present what more spotty. Demand is well of raw steel is expected to climb requirements. Production is lower, spread, however. Wide variety of again shortly even should the cur­ with backlogs scant. specialties produced in this district rent slack in finished wire goods New York — While a few can­ tends to sustain operations better continue. cellations have been made by wire than a casual survey would indicate. Chicago — Steel wire demand consumers who overbought earlier, Orders are usually for small replace­ shows little change and is being in­ this development has been rare and ments, but in some directions such fluenced only slightly by expansion has not attained serious proportions. releases are slightly more numer­ in automotive assemblies. Consum­ Most buyers took shipments in full, ous. Practically all specifications ers are cautious in ordering, prac­ but their policy of lowering inven­ are for prompt delivery with little tically all commitments being for tory is reflected in current buying, which is of a fill-in character with slight gain in tonnage reaching mills. Birmingham, Ala. — Some im­ provement, accumulating from wide­ ly scattered small orders, continues to be evident in demand for wire products. Operations in wire, nev­ ertheless, are mostly on a hand to mouth basis. Rails, Cars Track Material Prices, Page 131 Railroads show no indication of renewing purchases of rails or roll­ ing stock as a result of the recent permission to increase rates on basic commodities and programs are, be­ ing held back for lack of funds. Re­ quest for further increase probably will not be acted on before the end of the year, making prospects for further volume buying this year more remote. Rail requirements us­ ually are placed late in the year but seem likely to be deferred further under present circumstances. Chilean State railways have placed 17,000 tons of rails with Bethlehem Steel Co., Bethlehem, Pa., and are also inquiring for six locomotives. Rail Orders Placed Chilean State railways, 17,000 tons rails, to Bethlehem Steel Co., Bethlehem, Pa Locomotives Pending Chilean State railways, six 2-8-2 loco­ motives. Buses Booked Twin Coach Co., Kent, O.: Nineteen 313- passenger for New Orleans Public Serv­ ice Co., New Orleans; twelve 35-passen­ ger for Dallas Railway & Terminal Co., Dallas, Tex.; twenty 3o-passenger for St. Louis Public Service Co., St. Louis; IF you have a particularly difficult six 31-passenger for Lakewood Rapw job, put it up to us. See how unerr­ Transit Co., Lakewood, O.; five senger for Southern Indiana Gas • ingly our expert welders will complete Electric Co., Evansville, Ind.; flvf 7 " passenger for Columbus & Sout-tiern it—and to your lasting satisfaction! Ohio Electric Co., Columbus, O.; 31-passenger for Pacific Electric Co., Write for Bulletin Los Angeles; three 31-passenger Mississippi Light & Power Co., JacK- ^ S . MORGAN SMITH COMPANY A son, Miss. „ „ A. C. F. M otors Co., New York: Seven Jo YORK, PA. passenger for Dallas Railway & minal Co., Dallas, Tex.; three 33-pa senger for Memphis Street Rail J Co., Memphis, Tenn.; three P

/TEEL 142 — The Market W eek —

senger for Queens-Nassau Transit dusky, O., unloading dock. Prices Northampton, Mass., span, closing Lines Inc., Woodside, N. Y.; two 36- passenger for Florida Motor Lines are firm. this week. Schools at Middleboro, Corp., Jacksonville, Fla. Chicago—Inquiry continues in lots Littleton and Mendon, Mass., now of less than 1000 tons and such jobs being figured, take several hundred hold at the restricted number of tons. previous weeks. New projects con­ Philadelphia — Principal interest Shapes sist principally of state bridges, with centers around several state jobs up Structural Shape Prices, Page 1H0 few major industrial jobs in early for bids this week, which are needed prospect. Mills with small backlogs badly by fabricating shops to bolster New York—Structural tonnage is are able to make prompt delivery. present slim backlogs. The Lit lower, both contracts and new in­ Boston—Structural contracts are Brothers and Woolworth store jobs, quiry. Award of several thousand fewer and aggregate tonnage small. taking over 1000 tons, are still pend­ tons for apartment buildings about For Maine bridges, 365 tons have ing. Close figuring is reported on cleans up such active work. None of been placed with Pennsylvania fabri­ the few jobs coming out, but mill the 10,770 tons being bid for tunnels cators. Bridge needs approximate prices on plain shapes remain steady. and shafts, board of water supply, 4000 tons, including 3080 tons for the San Francisco—Pending work in- next week will reach the structural shops this year. Most of the smaller shops in Northern New Jersey arc well engaged on small miscellaneous structural contracts. New orders for fabricated struc­ CENTUGALLY tural steel placed during September were approximately the same vol­ ume of August, according to the American Institute of Steel Con­ struction, New York. Shipments for the month continued at the same high rate of the summer months. September bookings were 50.4 per cent of normal (the yearly average of 1928-1931) as against a monthly average of 62.5 per cent for the first nine months this year. Shipments during September averaged 66 per cent of normal, compared to 58.8 per cent for the nine months. Pittsburgh—Inquiry includes nu­ merous bridges, but most are under 500 tons, with the exception of the state of New York’s span at Cla- verack, N. Y., requiring 800 tons. Awards have been light. It is thought the current downward trend of finan­ cial markets will hamper bond issues for public work. Cleveland — Awards are confined to small tonnages and inquiries are almost at a standstill. It is esti­ mated that a number of projects already on paper have been discard­ ed, until the outlook for the next few months has become clearer. A number of projects on which bids David, Too! . . . And so does Shenango. Twenty-seven years of have already been received retain knowledge and experience in Centrifugal Casting is the interest of local fabricators, par­ knew the reflected in the quality of our product. Molten metal ticularly the expansioin program of cast under compression means a more dense grain structure the Pennsylvania railroad at its San- free of defccts. We promise you a stronger, better and value of more easily machinable Bronze Alloy, Monel Metal, Nickel or Gray Iron alloyed to meet your requirements. Centrifugal ROLLS, SLEEVES, LINERS, BUSHINGS, BEAR­ Shape Awards Compared INGS and CASTINGS spun by Shenango find their Force way into the “ tough spots” all over the world. Perhaps Tons you have a place or a product that would benefit by their Week ended Oct. 30...... 8,061 application? Week ended Oct. 23 ...... 11,255 Week ended Oct. 16 ...... 32,454 It cosls yon nothin" to find out. U'rite This week, 1936 ...... 13,004 Weekly average, 1936 ...... 16,332 SHENANGO-PENN Weekly average, 1937...... 24,004 Weekly average, September 18,073 MOLD COMPANY Total to date, 1936 ...... 976,043 Total to date, 1937 ...... 1,056,179 Plant, Dover, Ohio Includes awards of 100 tons or more. Exccutivc OfTiccs: Oliver B id"., P ittsburgh *

November 1, 1937 143 — The Market Week—

eludes 356 tons for crossings in Na­ Behind the Scenes with /T E E L trona and in Laramie, county, Wyo­ ming. Awards during the week ag­ gregated 2478 tons, bringing the total the iron slag to coal dealers. this year to 135,512 tons, compared D otty with 143,172 tons in 1936. They tell us it gets quite cold ■ In order to reassure readers in Montreal of a winter’s night, Seattle—Interest centers in the second Coulee dam project, which who have doubts as to their too. Cmfwyp, the zinc line health after perusing this week’s will require 25,000 tons oi shapes, 12,- camera man, has once more got­ 000 tons of metal work and 4000 tons book back to this point, we wish ten the jump on all wirephoto of cranes, bids about Dec. 10 at to affirm, declare, state and swear and news services bv presenting Denver, supplies to be bought by the that those are really black spots herewith a forward looking view bureau of reclamation. Ingalls Iron of type at the beginning of many entitled “ Shrdlu in Montreal; Works, Birmingham, Ala., has the items, and not the more nebulous or, Where Oh Where Has My award of 810 tons for the Sand type often seen before the eyes Blowtorch Gone?” Point Seattle, naval hangar. Busi­ in moments of mental weakness. ness pending includes 450 tons of ♦ Throughout the book this week shapes and machinery for the Wash­ ington state Skagit river bridge, bids will be noticed new type in heads, Fen M ale captions and bylines, as well as a Nov. 2. slightly changed format. All this ■ Mister Whitey Maurath, the Shape Contracts Placed is done to make our appearance gentleman whose race horses worthy of our slogan— S t e e l Is run in the wrong direction, 1290 tons, extension, Wlllets Point boule­ vard station, Queens, N. Y., to Fort Modern! sends in the following letter, Pitt Bridge Works, Pittsburgh; through ♦ which he received in response to Meade Engineering Co., New York. 610 tons, 10-span I-beam bridge over H ot S tu ff his offer of a prize to the finders railroads, Chautauqua county, New of technical error in his race York, to Bethlehem Steel Corp., Beth­ ■ T he yellow sheets this wee! lehem, Pa.; through Bero Engineering track picture: and Contracting Co., North Tonawanda, are given in salaam to Interna­ "i see sooch a nize at in the Stil N. Y. tional Acetylene boys, meeting 605 tons, trash racks, etc., Seminoe megzeen and i new rite avay vot vas dam, Wyoming, to St. Louis Structural down in Birmingham over Ar­ rang. Ted{neecle niter yew call it. Steel Co., St. Louis. mistice day. Heated indeed will Vy shad a men haf a vomans head 535 tons, 17-story apartment, Central Park South, New York, to Belmont be their discussions, centering as on or is it a men? Mabee its a voman Iron Works, Eddystone, Pa. they do around flame hardening, vid a mens pcnts Yes? Yew slmd no— 525 tons, underpass, East Forty-sixth flame cutting, inflammations and aim it?" avenue, Denver, to Bethlehem Steel Corp., Bethlehem, Pa.; through Dutton- flamingoes. Some interesting ap­ Whitey Sez this is the rong Kendall & Hunt, Denver, general con­ plications of this flaming subject anser, but we will publish this tractors. 440 tons, institutional buildings', Selins- are described by Lakeside’s Rolf, segment anyhow, just to show grove, Pa., to Fort Pitt Bridge Works, beginning on page 48. advertisers and prospective ad­ Pittsburgh. 273 tons, sheet piling, United States en­ ♦ vertisers what fine results can be gineer office, proposal^, Los Angeles, had from insertions in America’s to unnamed Interest. C old Coal 265 tons, state bridge. Richmond, Me., Most Progressive Business Paper. to Pittsburgh-Des Moines Steel Co., ♦ Pittsburgh. ■ The modern version of the 250 tons, International Harvester !Co., wooden nutmeg salesman is Springfield, 111., to Gage Structural Values Still Steel Co., Chicago. a group of jobless men in Mon­ 240 tons, alterations, Interzone Corp., treal. Fine family fortunes they ■ The other day one of our New York, to Ingalls Iron Works, Bir­ are building up through the aid mingham, Ala., George A. Fuller Co., Eastern representatives went in­ New York, contractor. of a new discovery. In a vacant to the plant of a machintool 230 tons, building, Delaware Trust Co., builder in Philadelphia. During W ilm ington, Del., to Bethlehem Steel Corp., Bethlehem, Pa. the course of the conversation, 225 tons, including 100 tons of joists, the machine tool man said he addition to packing plant, Montalvo, Calif., to Consolidated Steel Corp., Los was one of the original machine Angeles. tool advertisers in S t e e l, walked 220 tons, building, Celanese Corp., Am- cello, Md., to Belmont Iron Works, to a file and pulled out some Eddystone, Pa. tearsheets, vintage 1902, to prove 210 tons, viaduct, New York Centiai railroad, W est Tenth to Charles street, it. Said the old ads were quite New York, to Harris Structural Steel effective—the first one sold him Co., New York; Duffy Construction Co., a machine two days after it ap­ general contractor. 200 tons, postoffice, Evanston, 111-, 10 peared. Seems that advertising Bethlehem Steel Corp., Bethlehem, t-a. in S t e e l was as valuable in 1902 190 tons, bridge NRS-26S9, Colquitt-CooK counties, Georgia, to Taylor Ir as it is today, relatively speak­ Works & Supply Co., Macon, Ga. ing. Incidentally, that manu­ 183 tons, galvanized switch bus strut lot they stumbled on an aban­ facturer still uses advertising tures, Bonneville Dam, Oreg,, to Be doned “mine” of iron slag, lehem Steel Corp., San Francisco. space in S t e e l to good advan­ 155 tons, bridge FAGM-36, Grant c which is black stuff, four times tage. ty, Kentucky, to Virginia Bridge as heavy as any anthracite coal. Iron Co., Roanoke, Va. . 150 tons, Poiree dam trestles, Mississipp Now the boys are busy selling —Shrdlu riv e r locks, U. S. engineers ’ Keokuk, Iowa, to Worden-Allen lo., M ilwaukee. 150 tons, addition, Aragon mills, Arago .

144 /TEEL —The Market Week —

Ga., to Ingalls Iron W orks, Birming­ Co., Atlantic City, low on general 100 tons, state highway bridge, project ham, Ala. contract. ’ " 1 - _ . FAP-180-C, -Roswell and CVaughn,- X. 's 150 tons, state bridge.No. 1480, Ft. Ashby, 180 tons, C anaseiaga. Central school; "Mex. ':t'*'“ 'TOineraT-co*mty, W est Virginia, to Fort bids Nov. 5. Unstated tonnage, armory, Philadelphia; Pitt Bridge Works, Pittsburgh. 170 tons, cast house, No. 3 blast fur­ bids Nov. 9. 140 tons, beam span, Cumberland, W. nace, Republic Steel Corp., Youngs­ Unstated tonnage, piling, for Erie canal Va„ to Fort Pitt Bridge Works, Pitts­ town, O. dredging and improvements. burgh. 150 tons, state highway bridge, Mt. 140 tons, 6-story apartment, Sixty-fifth Pleasant, Mich. street and Third avenue, New York, 150 tons, building, Montgomery-W ard Bolts, Nuts, Rivets to Grand Iron Works, New York. Co., Aberdeen, S. Dak. 130 tons, route murker supports, state 140 tons, state bridge over Pecos river, Bolt, Nut, Rivet 1’rices, I’ajfe 131 of New York, to American Bridge Co., Roswell, N. Mex. Pittsburgh. 140 tons, building, Chemical Construc­ Specifications are declining less 120 tons, passing places, navy pier, Chi­ tion Corp., Phoenix, N. J. rapidly but producers of bolts, nuts cago, to R. C. Mahon Co., Detroit. 130 tons, highway bridge, Rock Island, 115 tons, bridge, Kittery Point, Me., to 111., for Rock Island county. and rivets anticipate little improve­ American Bridge Co., Pittsburgh; * 110 tons, mezzanine floor, W hitaker ment during November. Railroad Standard Engineering Co., Albany, Paper Co., Pittsburgh. demand is light and consumption in N. Y., general contractor. 110 tons, state highway bridges, Ridg- way, Colo., to Midwest Steel & Iron Co., Denver. 110 tons, building alterations, Lang Bakery Inc., Buffalo, to R. C. McManus Structural Steel Co., Buffalo. 100 tons, telephone exchange building, Olympia, Wash., to Poole & McGonigle, Portland, Oreg. Unstated tonnage, rail support towers, Guntersville dam, Alabama, Tennessee Valley authority project, to Readwell Construction Co., Midland, Pa.; bids FO« Sept. 30. Unstated, control gates, hoists, etc., Alcova dam spillway, Wyoming, to Reduce Dead Weight Koppers Co., Fort Wayne, Ind. Safely — and Lower Shape Contracts Pending Your Operating Costs 1 41,000 tons, including shapes, cranes To meet today's compelling and miscellaneous metal work, sec­ ond unit Coulee dam; bids about Dec. need and insistent demand for 10 to bureau of reclamation, Denver, for general contract; bureau to pur­ strength without weight, “A.W "- chase materials. "70-90'' Super Strength Steel 1835 tons, approach section, Lincoln tunnel, Weehawken, N. J.; Taylor- was specifically developed and1, Fichter Structural Steel Co., New ■ is offered with complete assur­ York, low; bids Oct. 26 Port of New > M i \ York authority. H y i l w ■; ance to Industry in general and 1060 tons, viaduct East 135th street, Transportation in particular. Bronx, N. Y.; Rusciano & Sons, Bronx, .vv I N. Y. Costs must be lowered. Speeds 843 tons, municipal airport hangar, Bal­ must be raised. Pay loads must timore; Kaufman Construction Co., (•! Philadelphia, low on general contract. be increased. By cutting dead 800 tons, state highw ay bridge No. 8513, Claverack, N. Y. I/ , alike'*'* weight as much as 40% without 775 tons, welding quality, black and loss of strength, “A.W . "-“70-90" galvanized I-beams, bureau of sup­ • ftà3 « s e * plies and accounts, navy department, offers its impor­ Washington; bids Nov. 5. Material Is for tant contribution battleships North Carolina and Wash­ ington to he built at Brooklyn and to the solution of Philadelphia navy yards. these problems. 700 tons, bridge repairs, St. Louls-San Francisco railroad, St. Louis. “ 70-90" has the added 521 tons, bridge repairs, Union Pacific qualities of corrosion, railroad, Los Angeles. 428 tons, 786 foot bureau of roads over­ resistance far superior, span, Mineral county, Montana; bids to that of all ordinary at Missoula, Nov. 5. steels, remarkable fab­ 400 tons, Arlington Telephone building, .H rication facility, and Bell Telephone Co., Arlington, Va. 350 tons, Pulaski high school, Milwau­ With ” 70-90'', in- excellent welding prop­ kee; bids Dec. 1. i in ,i i * * * tricote cold form* erties. And its cost 335 tons, state bridge, Lamar, Colo. ing is handled is low . 305 tons, Semlnoe, Wyoming; bids In. Perfect welding wilh ordinary 300 tons, underpass, Louisville, Ky., for W rite for literature and city. was here so readily shop equipment, call on our Engineering 290 tons, state bridge over Powder river, achieved with” 70-90'' that Departments for com­ project FAP-110-R-168-CR and FAGII- fabrication time w as cut. 110, Powder River, Wyo. petent collaboration. 285 tons, state bridge, Shubuta, Miss. 250 tons, state bridge, Cambria, 111. 250 tons, mill building, Brownsville, Tex. 250 tons, seed houses, Santos, Brazil. 250 tons, state highway overpass, Wini- frede Junction, W. Va. 225 tons, warehouse, John Deere Plow QLfln LUOOD STEEL CD Co., Indianapolis. CONSHOHOCKEN, PA. 210 tons, state highway bridge, How­ Branches: Philadelphia, New York, Boston, Detroit, Los Angeles, San Francisco, Seattle, Houston ard, O. 200 tons, coal washer, Maidsville, W. Va. 185 tons, contract bascule bridge, Man- 1 1 1 YEARS-' IRON AND STEEL MAKING EXPERIENCE tolocklng, N. J.; Eastern Engineering i

November 1, 1937 145- ■ ■ 146 ■ ALOX STOPS RUST - ALOX STOPS RUST . ALOX STOPS RUST • ALOX STOPS RUST . ALOX STOPS RUST | Corrosion-Preventives g o a rou n d the w orld, o r across across r o orld, w the d n rou a o that g T A H W r you atter m for o n ose— resistor rp u p rust BETTER a en g in e , A L O X offers y ou the the ou y offers X O L A , e in g en atter m to o part N e in ch a m a . e is b it er ay m eth h w e s o rp u p the alley— n o m atter w h eth er er eth h w right atter m o n alley— the ou y offers X O L A ords, w other In ong i i t hod. X O L A . old h to is it g n lo w o h any aterial. than m ilar LESS RUN sim T S of G O N C O L others so d THE an IN ger, lon last . lication p p a hmit wht s pro­ o r p ish w r u u o o y Tell hat w . m le b ro p ists r chem ou y us d en S airplane an or eel h w tractor a it's w e h a v e not m et— w e earnestly earnestly e w et— m not ples sam e v a h g in e w ork w suitable ard w e ad m re a es and tiv en rev -p located, is corrosion it ere h w tected, h LX Corporation ALOX The ALO X STO PS RUST RUST PS STO X ALO solicit the task of trying to solv e e solv to trying m le of b ro p task a the ­ r ave h fo solicit you n If ca . g e e c w n o ifferin d at d an ely id w for of ulas form applications, of ultitude m variety a great a in t And a no oblgaton t you. to n tio a lig b o o n at d n A it. LX TP RUST STOPS ALOX e r ork Y New S AL SELF R U O Y X LO A EST T A L O X anti-rusts g o further, further, o g anti-rusts X O L A ALOX i E S liA L A R T | U E N . Y. N. anti-rust for you r p articular articular p r you for anti-rust Ask for Bulletin 37-5 Bulletin for Ask aaaFls N Y. N. Falls, iagara N OE ! D A O L R A C [ONE S T LMSl S M lL F FT ¡SO cgo icag h C 111. ■ I

w X O cn O -3 cj TJ F > O > -a CO W w w x F c W CO O -3 O -3 w X O *-3 w c » id c > New York have also been placed, placed, been also have York Several high­ New Jersey slightly. up is New projects for way inquiry new next year. Prices continue easy and and easy continue Prices erratic. year. next upstate for contracts mesh additional n te orne tt hsia in Pennsylvania. hospital county, state Island, Westmoreland the Neville Torrance on the for plant and bars Co. Wheel of tons 340 cluding count for the bulk of activity while while activity of bulk the for count odi fr od y ihig ln t 2,0 26 30 22 25 58,500 2.50 2.25 3.00 2.65 26,000 ft. lin. lighting, ay roadw for Conduit os ae oe u recently. out come have tons but some tonnage will go over until until over go will tonnage some but has viaducts. some at industry approach shutdowns by and equipment curtailed bridge been main farm the for the 306,660 floor and cables covering WB-5 No. 0.101 Contract 0.081 0.084 0.0807 3,800,000 lbs. approaches, viaduct steel, Silicon nme o poet udr 200 under projects of number A Kelsey-Hayes the for foundations U n it Steel Bids, B ro n x-W h iteston e, Suspension Bridge Suspension e, iteston h x-W n ro B Bids, Steel it n U tempting to hold down inventories, inventories, down hold to tempting Automotive inventory. for plants and buying is regulated largely by by largely needs. regulated early is buying at­ and are consumers and jobbei's Both are gradually manufacturers parts 433,920 0.095 0.068 0.07 0.0678 6,400,000 s.. lb appr’ches, viaduct steel, Carbon el aeae Spebr 8,084 1937 date, to Total September average, eekly 1937 W average, eekly W slower rate than was anticipated. anticipated. a was at than but rate slower requirements increasing Pa„ fourth. Bethlehem, $5,602,805, Co., J., N. Steel Trenton, Co., Bethlehem C— Sons second; oebling’s R A. $5,080,701, O., John D— third; Vernon, $5,085,610, Mt. Co., lbs bridge, s lb main bridge, steel, main Carbon steel, Silicon ft lin. ropes, Hand oa t dt, 1936 date, to Total stocks substantial have fabricators gen­ Mills projects. con­ stand­ and small a few to are at fined awards almost while still, remain quiries al wr, lbs wire, Cable enocn sel lbs steel, Reinforcing s lb bolts, tensile High eky vrg, 1936 average, Weekly 16 Oct. ended Week 30 Oct. ended Week pared om C Bars oncrete C hs ek 1936 week, This upne rps ln ft lin. ropes, Suspender erally are inactive, with deliveries deliveries with inactive, are erally Reinforcing 47,500 0.30 0.26 0.30 0.25 190,000 lbs...... wire, Wrapping obtainable within a few days. Most Most days. few a within obtainable ek ne Ot 23 Oct. ended Week at n fre sel lbs steel, forged and Cast New New Pittsburgh nlds wrs 10 os r more. or tons 100 f o awards Includes lvln — enocn br in­ bar Reinforcing — Cleveland tra Ui A C Total D C B A Unit aterial M enocn1 ir rcs lige 131 l'iig;e Prices, liar Reinforcing1 A— Am erican Bridge Co., Pittsburgh, con tract at $4,846,070.20; B— Mt. Vernon Bridge Bridge Vernon Mt. B— $4,846,070.20; at tract con Pittsburgh, Co., Bridge erican Am A— York — — ...... 83000 $.75 012 $.85 017 $1,440,375 $0.1775 $0.1825 $0.1825 .$0.1725 8,350,000 ...... Bridges and sewers ac- sewers and Bridges nur i go, in­ good, is Inquiry edr, c. 3 t Tioog Big Authority Bridge Triborough to 13, Oct. Tenders, ...... 560 .0 .6 .0 .5 6,240 0.45 0.50 0.66 0.40 15,600 ...... Te re Week- arket M ■The ...... 273,593 4,394 296,265 6,218 6,005 2,803 8,958 2,796 5,0 006 009 .75 .7 9,975 5,130 0.07 177,450 77,050 0.0775 870,480 594,750 0.15 0.069 0.0665 0.55 0.1172 0.18 0.111 150,000 1.50 O.OS45 0.0975 0.20 0.23 0.085 0.101 0.0837 1.30 0.156 0.098 34,200 0.25 10,400,000 6,100,000 1.65 0.169 1.15 1,050,000 67,000 Tons a number of private building projects projects building private of number a tons for the Baton Rouge, Mississippi Rouge, Baton the for tons r cmn ot ept gnrl un­ general despite jobs out private few months A coming three are or poor. two rather fabricators are next bar the for over prospects work, new and lots small to also de­ Awards confined is i're inquiries.. otherwise large of market void the sewer, eiiey n ih ta sol mate- should that business sight have in producing but definitely are buying, mills spotty on reinforcing, reference with to extinct practically are involve usually tons. 100 than these less but certainty, soft. continue quar­ the of balance the for prospect ect at Whipply, Ariz. Awards aggre­ Awards proj­ Ariz. Veterans to Whipply, at ect additions for tons ex­ far having as rejected been have on bids and demand in noted is ment 3000 bridge. nearly river including soon, ralize prices Bar slack. is demand mesh about pending, Approxi­ are tons 1600 impressive. mately not are tracts inis deliveries in decrease A ments. a for tons 700 on bids taken has hsd s edd y h bra o bureau the by reclamation. pur­ needed be will as material bechased This will bars 10> concrete required. Dec. Coulee about of of tons Denver 25,000 completion at the bids dam, For quai- next until not ter. al­ perhaps activity, renewed though to point cations 1936. as in the tons period for 83,567 tons to 207,753corresponding with year the compared to­ the for brought tal and tons 1749 gated 700 awarded Un­ were estimates. interests original named the ceeded Highway bridges. for being half con­ steel reinforcing dominating, ter. ship­ equal to insufficient is business n so ltl itrs i maintain­ in interest little show and n te a fr r ih levels. high er form at them ing 0 tn, diin Vtrn Administra­ Veterans addition, Steel tons, g 700 forcin ein R Boston—With small-lot buying pre­ buying small-lot Boston—With Birmingham, Birmingham, Philadelphia Philadelphia a FacsoLtl improve­ Francisco—Little San hcg—Ciao aiay district sanitary Chicago Chicago— Seattle—Business is slow, but indi­ but slow, is Seattle—Business in clt bidn, hpl, - A Whipple, building, acility F tion — Ala. lmntn state Eliminating —While backlogs backlogs —While Awards / TEEL Lowest —The Market Week

to unnamed interest. 150 tons, bridge, Campbell’s Island, sion’s recent ruling, will boost pro­ 035 tons, 6-story building, M alcolm A. East Moline, 111. duction costs. On iron ore the ad­ Pratt psychopathic institute, city hos­ 150 tons, faculty building, Catholic uni­ pital, St. Louis, to Laclede Steel Co., versity, Washington. vantage of lake front furnaces will St. Louis; M illstone Construction Co., be widened over interior furnaces, St. Louis, general contractor. 140 tons, railroad overcrossing, Mineral 390 tons, Richmond-Sunset sewage treat­ county, Montana; bids to bureau of as rates on the lower haul are ment plant, San Francisco, to unnamed roads, Missoula, Nov. 5. boosted 6 cents a gross ton, while interest. 125 tons, plant, J. I. Case Co., Sioux ore originating at mines in Michigan Falls, S. Dak. 375 tons, institutional buildings, Sellns- will be up 6 cents per gross ton on grove, Pa., to Bethlehem Steel Corp., 109 tons, crossing at Livingston, Merced Bethlehem, Pa. county, California; bids Nov. 3. the upper haul. 275 tons, grade separation, Seven Mile 106 tons, Jughandle Creek bridge, Men­ Cleveland—Sellers are disappoint­ road and John R street, Detroit, to docino county, California; bids Nov. 10. Truscon Steel Co., Youngstown, O. ed with current demand. The ra­ 265 tons, procurem ent officer, treasury 100 tons, building, Jewish community tio between consumption and speci­ department, New York, to W. Ames center, Washington. fications of most foundries is decid­ & Co., Jersey City, N. J. 100 tons, bridge over Mississippi river, 200 tons, power house, Pittsburgh & Sparta-LaCrosse, 111. edly in favor of the latter. Many Lake Erie railroad, Pittsburgh, to Jones Unstated tonnage, Torrance state hos­ are intent on using up inventories, & Laughlin Steel Corp., through Pitts- pital, Torrance, Westmoreland county, particularly since it is generally as­ burgh-Des Moines Steel Co., Pitts­ Pennsylvania; general contractors’ bids sumed that sellers will announce burgh. Nov. 3. 195 tons, navy department delivery prices unchanged for the first quar­ Brooklyn, N. Y., for transhipment to ter about Dec. 1. Panama, to W. Ames & Co., Jersey City, N. J. Chicago—Pig iron shipments are 180 tons, approaches' to Eggleston ave­ Pig Iron lighter and October deliveries were nue viaduct, Columbia avenue boule­ 10 per cent to 15 per cent below vard development, Cincinnati, to West Pljj Iron Prices, Page 132 Virginia Rail Co., Huntington, W. Va. September. A further decrease is re­ 179 tons, highway work in San Luis Pittsburgh—Pig iron producers garded likely this month. While pig Obispo, Santa Barbara, Trinity and await reversal of inactivity which iron consumption is bolstered some­ Eldorado county, California, to un­ has gripped the market recently. what by better automotive opera­ named interests. 175 tons, bureau of reclamation, Invi­ October definitely was below Sep­ tions, the melt elsewhere is tending tation A-42.377-A, Knob, Calif., to Beth­ tember in shipments. Quoting was downward. Shutdowns by farm lehem Steel Corp., Bethlehem, Pa. done recently on an export inquiry, equipment interests during October 175 tons, bureau of reclamation, invi­ tation 3-42,378-A, Calexico, Calif., to but no order has resulted yet. also curtailed pig iron consumption Northwest Steel Rolling Mills, Seattle. Thirty-four stacks are active, a steel but this industry is resuming opera­ 170 tons, dormitory, University of Iowa, producer having taken out one fur­ tions at previous brisk rates. New Iowa City, Iowa, to Laclede Steel Co., nace during the week. Freight rate pig iron business is dull and pro­ St. Louis. 160 tons, Poland-Conter-Waterloo high­ increases on raw materials, under ducers defer announcing first quar­ way SI-I 5151, Chautauqua county, the interstate commerce commis- ter prices. The market currently is New York, to Bethlehem Steel Corp., Bethlehem, Pa., through Reecon Inc., Buffalo. 140 tons, outlet works for San Gabriel dam No. 1, Los Angeles, to Consoli­ dated Steel Corp., Los Angeles. 100 tons, vegetable shed, Louisville & Nashville railroad, Cincinnati, to Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp., Pittsburgh. CROSBY g STAMPINGS 100 tons, procurement officer, treasury department, New York, to Capitol Steel Co., Brooklyn, N. Y.

Reinforcing Steel Pending A l l our efforts have 25,000 tons, second unit of Coulee dam, Washington; bids to bureau of recla­ been concentrated on one mation at Denver about Dec. 10; ma­ terial to be supplied by government. product — STAMPINGS — 1900 tons, sewer contract 3 of project 1, Queens, N. Y.; Elmhurst Contract­ for 40 years. We have ing Co., Elmhurst, N. Y., low. 1125 tons, concrete and steel viaduct made stampings, deep, in­ approach, Lincoln tunnel, Weehawken, tricate, heavy, light, large N. J.; Porier & McLane, New York, and P. J. Carlin Co., New York, low and small, for nearly ev­ on substructure. 1000 tons, highw ay bridge in Kentucky; ery branch of industry. Albert Lyons, Rogersville, Tenn., low bidder on general contract. 700 tons, Calumet intercepting sewer, contract No. 18-A, Chicago sanitary district. Stamping Specialists Since 1896 500 tons, state procurement officer, treas­ ury department, Boston; bids No. 3 and 4 in tw o inquiries. An Experience You Should Not Overlook 340 tons, foundations for Kelsey-Hayes Wheel Co. plant, Neville Island, Pa.; Send Us Your Next Specification general contractors’ bids Nov. 1. 275 tons, viaduct, East 135th street, Bronx, N. Y.; Rusciano & Sons, Bronx, N. Y., low. THE CROSBY COMPANY 210 tons, Panama Canal inquiry 978- 38-12, W ar department, U. S. army; W. Ames & Co., Jersey City, N. J., BUFFALO, N. Y. low bidders. 195 tons, navy department delivery, NEW YORK — CHICAGO — PHILADELPHIA O ETROIT — CLEVELAND 175 tons, building, Armour & Co., West Fargo, S. Dak.

November 1, 1937 147 —The Market Week —

steady at $ 2 4 , furnace, for No. 2 basic iron, are using their in­ SCOUR6 ® ? foundry and malleable. ventories. Reaffirmation of steel Boston—Small-lot buying accounts prices is seen as indication blast v j V iO B ^ for most pig iron activity, the ag­ furnaces will not change their quo­ gregate volume being light. Foun­ tations. dry operations, after declining in re­ Shipments in October, while above cent weeks, appear to have leveled a year ago, are reported to be off in some instances, although the slightly less than in September. melt is contrary to seasonal trends. Trend of the melt continues down­ ward. Jobbing foundries are run­ New York—Pig iron sales remain ning out of backlogs, and new busi­ spotty, with shipments continuing ness is being sparingly placed. Auto­ on a reduced scale as operations at motive orders are disappointing, foundries taper off. Many jobbing miscellaneous work furnishing bulk foundries are now down to an av­ of new bookings. erage of two and three days a week. Birmingham, Ala. — The pig iron Certain specialty plants are in bet­ market is firm even in the face of ter position, but the trend with them some recession in shipments. Sev­ also is downward. Sellers expect enteen furnaces are pouring. little activity over the remainder Toronto, Ont.—Operations are at of this year, particularly with con­ the peak level for the year. Mer­ sumers aiming to keep stocks down chant pig iron sales are at a high as the year-end inventory period ap­ level with awards still in excess of proaches. 2500 tons weekly, of which more Philadelphia—Pig iron buying has than two-thirds goes to Ontario almost completely stopped as con­ melters. Spot sales account for sumers are fairly well covered for practically all new business. Some the remainder of the year and do not melters are taking delivery on feel it necessary to buy far ahead. foundry iron to carry them through Shipments for the first 2 0 days of to the close of the year. Dominion October were about equal to the Steel & Coal Corp., Sydney, N.S., same portion of September but have is reporting exporting pig iron to declined in the past 1 0 days. Few Great Britain. Prices are firm and foreign inquiries are noted, due to unchanged. the easier situation abroad. Slightly heavier movement of foreign iron to this country is noted, with prices maintained at the domestic level. Scrap Buffalo—With a minor pickup Scrap Prices, Page 134 noted this week pig iron shipments Pittsburgh — No. 1 heavy melting for October are expected to be steel is nominally lower, off 75 cents slightly better than the same month to a spread of $14.75 to $15.25, and last year and September this year other grades have weakened in this New business, however, continues district, due to prolonged absence of to lag with orders limited to spot activity. Railroad lists in the next requirements. One blast furnace will few days are expected to provide a be banked over the weekend. Orders further clarification of quotations, are highly diversified with only a but it is generally conceded that small part for the automotive trade. higher prices would be wholly un­ Youngstown, O. — Sales of pig expected in the face of declining iron have been picking up in the last fortnight and merchant furnaces steelworks operations. in the valleys are again beginning Cleveland — Further reductions to accumulate more substantial of 50 cents to $1 per ton on most STOP t h e m w i t h backlogs. Yard stocks are small, grades of scrap have been made most being earmarked. Foundries here and in the Youngstown district. show more interest in purchases Cast and low phosphorus grades “SYNHIBIT” and shipments, indicating further and borings are unchanged. Bidding revival in activities and also low on important railroad lists next Silent and unseen, liut neverthe­ week is expected to give a better idea less at work—rust and corrosion set inventories. in before the bridge is set up. Cincinnati—Pig iron demand con­ of the market. Steelworks buying tinues to sag. Shipments during Oc­ is confined largely to taking dis­ Stop them with SYNIIIlilT. Give tress tonnages occasionally. your bridge, your building, indeed tober were considerably under those ANY steel surface TWICE the life for September. The melt fails to Chicago — Scrap continues in the with SYNHIBIT. show improvement and there is a doldrums here, neither steelworks tendency to reduce inventories, al­ nor foundries being interested in Let Us Have Your Early Inquiry. though prices appear firm. Buying ex­ new commitments. Prices conse­ cept for spot shipment has virtually quently are nominal to a large ex­ disappeared, many important found­ tent, with heavy melting steel con­ ries having covered quarter needs tinuing at $13.75 to $14.25. Offer­ THOMPSON previously. ings are light, however, and few & COMPANY St. Louis—Aside from a few distress tonnages have accumula - Post Office Box 6737 carloads for prompt shipment, pig ed. . PITTSBURGH, PA. iron buying is virtually at a stand­ Boston — Scrap buying for an S i n c t 1 Í 47 still. Melters, both of foundry and deliveries is light, the dullest in

148 /TEEL —The Market Week —

recent years. With 14,000 tons for ing a slowing down in the decline. ery of heavy melting steel and other export on cars near docks awaiting Rails take some strength from com­ lines, they are taking delivery as of­ cargo space, shippers were covered parative scarcity and holding by fered. Through the railroads the against recent boat loadings with dealers. Mills are not interested in mills recently have been enabled to cargo space limited. Prices continue forward commitments. lay in substantial supplies of steel easy, but due to lack of buying, St. Louis—There is a further re-« scrap, which take care of needs for most grades are nominal. duction in iron and scrap prices some time. Foundries are in the New Y o r k — Buying of scrap for ranging from 50 cents on heavy market for cast scrap and stove domestic and export account is dull melting to $2 per ton on shafting, plate and there has been steady with shipments to eastern consumers brake shoes and some other spe­ movement of these materials. Prices at a low point. Prices continue to cialties. The latest decline is be­ are unchanged. sag in absence of demand. Heavy lieved to have entered many items melting steel is nominal at $14. For into bargain territory and some in­ export as low as $13 dock is being quiries have emerged, though no W a r e h o u s e paid although some business is be­ sales of any size have been reported. Warehouse Prices, Page 133 ing done at $13.50. Some dealers Dealers have pretty thoroughly predict further declines in active cleaned up their back orders and Cleveland — While the number grades for export. are not disposed to operate on either of orders placed with local ware­ house distributors during October Philadelphia—The entire eastern side of the market until existing Pennsylvania scrap market shows uncertainties have been clarified. has fallen below September, the ag­ further decided weakness, with lead­ Seattle—The market shows little gregate volume shipped is estimated ing grades off as much as $2 per life, with export sales eliminated and to be slightly more than the preced­ ton. This reflects the added de­ domestic demand less than at any ing month. The improvement is cline in steelmaking operations and time during the last year. Mills not isolated to one or two products, but includes structural and light fin­ prospects for slow business during have ample stocks and are not buy­ ished material as well. No definite fourth quarter. Some mills con­ ing. Blockade and financial restric­ tinue to hold up scrap shipments tions preclude shipments to the announcement has been made on the probability of extending prices in and others are regulating the move­ Orient. Quotations are nominal. accordance with the mill statement ment closely. Most mills are not Seattle is dismantling 8.9 miles of two weeks ago. interested in further buying. Scat­ street railway track and will salvage tered buying is reported on the 1135 tons of steel rails and acces­ Chicago—Sales show a slight gain basis of $15 maximum for No. 1 sories which will likely be offered in some directions compared with steel. One mill has bought a small for sale soon. September. October as a whole, tonnage of borings and turnings at Toronto, Ont. — While steel mills . while, failing to develop the ex­ $9.50. Foundries show little inter­ are not pressing dealers for deliv­ pected upward trend was equal to est. One ship is due at Port Rich­ mond Nov. 1 to load a cargo of No. 2 steel for export and another about two weeks later. This ma­ terial was bought some time ago. Buffalo—The stalemate in sales and an under-current of weak­ ness still prevail in the iron and steel scrap market. While the prin­ cipal consumers remain out of the market, the, entire list was subject to price declines ranging from $1 to $1.50 a ton. The drop has carried No. 1 heavy melting steel down to $14.50 to $15.50 a ton with the cus­ tomary $2 differential on No. 2, drop forge flashings, busheling and compressed sheets. Detroit — Quotations on scrap are nominal and have dipped further about $1 per ton. There is practical­ ly no buying in steel mill grades, and a collapse of buying in foun­ dry grades has depressed prices One of the small LECTROM ELTfurnaccs on alloy work. sharply. Prospects are for continuation of decline in scrap prices, since deal­ ers can discern no factors which ECONOMIC"RAPID J tT tm rm ft REFININGM E L T I N G might lead to an immediate resump­ tion of buying. As yet dealers have not started to lay down tonnage, FURNACES SMELTING but may be forced to do so before long. Cincinnati—The iron and steel PITTSBURGH LECTROM ELT scrap market is weaker, plenty of material for present demand being FURNACE CORPORATION available at the bottom of the price Foot of 32nd Street, Pittsburgh, Pa. spread. However, quotations remain nominally unchanged, thus suggest­

November 1, 1937 149 — The Market M eek —

or slightly ahead oi September. A largely to chrome and manganese quirements in the near future. Gen­ gradual recession is thought not un­ ore. Imports of the former totaled eral line can manufacturers con­ likely during the balance oi the 3965 tons, of which 1865 tons were tinue active, but the big season is quarter. fi'om Cuba and 1900 from South over for beer, fruit and vegetable Philadelphia—Buying from ware­ Africa. British India and Soviet containers. Export shipments are house in October showed further re­ ■ Russia each accounted for 1500 tons well maintained. cession from September but was of manganese ore. Other imports New York -— With consumers fair­ about equal to October, 1936. Job­ were 150 tons of wire rods, 11 tons ly well stocked and consumption bers do not expect much further of steel billets and 40 tons of steel down more than seasonally tin plate decline as it is believed some busi­ forgings, all of which came from domestic specifications are light. The ness will come in which is not Sweden. Florida canning season is getting profitable to mills in view of short Ferroalloys under way and should lead to some rolling schedules. Orders are as nu­ improvement. A fairly good tonnage merous but in smaller lots. Ferroalloy 1’rices, Page 132 is moving abroad though export Buffalo—Sales by warehouse dis­ demand over the past fortnight has New Y o r k — Ferromanganese tributors for October have receded dropped. No revision in prices is shipments continue to reflect the to a level slightly below the previous expected when books are opened in sharp decline in steelmaking opera­ month, but above last year. Special­ November for next year. ties are moving best. Sheets are in tions. This month’s movement will fair demand but plate sales are be well under that for September, slow. and the trade is now inclined to Steel in Europe Cincinnati—Orders from ware­ look for a still further drop in No­ Foreign Steel Prices, Page 133 house are unchanged in number but vember. Ferromanganese is un­ smaller. Volume for October is off changed at $102.50, duty paid, Atlan­ London— (By Cable)—Because of from the previous month. tic and Gulf ports, at which most shrinkage in demand for steel the St. Louis—Sales from warehouse contract buyers have covered for International Steel Cartel at its re­ in October were smaller than in Sep- their current quarter needs. Do­ cent meeting in Warsaw, Poland, re­ tembei’. The total, however, com­ mestic spiegeleisen shipments also duced the monthly export tonnage pares favorably with a year ago. reflect the drop in steelmaking, with by 75,000 tons, to 450,000 tons. Prices Seasonal improvement in movement 19 to 21 per cent material quotable were maintained without change. of wire and wire products to the at $33, Palmerton, Pa., and 26 to 28 British steel markets are quiet as rural areas is noted. A bright spot per cent, $39. producers have orders to engage ca­ in current business is the heavy pacity through first quarter of 1938. demand for oil country goods, com­ T in Plate The pig iron situation is easier, part­ ing chiefly from new fields in Il­ ly due to large imports, including Tin Plate l’ rlces, V u g e 130 linois. A fair volume of miscellane­ considerable tonnage from America. ous tonnage is being consumed by Pittsburgh — Tin plate operations Demand for semifinished steel con­ nearby coal mines. Prices on all have declined to around 75 per cent, tinues active. The finished steel standard commodities are .u n - as may be expected at this time of market is quiet and exports are dull. changed. year when pressure customarily The Continent reports reduced ac­ Ore Leads Imports eases up after the packing season. tivity in exports and delivery periods Most consumers are comfortably are considerably shortened. Great Philadelphia—Imports during the supplied for their immediate needs Britain plans to accept larger ton­ week ended Oct. 23 were confined and are unlikely to have heavy re­ nages from abroad. Metallurgical Coke

Coke Prices, Page 131 SNOWDEN SAMUEL S. A. COCHRAN President Vice Pres. Production of by-product and bee­ hive coke appears now in better ad­ justment to actual consumption, sea­ sonal heating requirements having FRANK SAMUEL & CO., Inc. helped to take up some of the slack, Harrison Bldg., Philadelphia, Pa. and the rest being accomplished through the closing out of excess ovens. Beehive output in the week ending Oct. 16 was 56,000 net tons, ALLOYS PIG IRON MUCK BARS compared to 51,500 in the week end­ ing Oct. 9 and 55,600 tons in the Ferro Manganese L ow P h os Low Phos and Special week ending Oct. 2. P r e s e n t pio- Ferro Chrome E nglish The American Ferro Silicon duction is comparable to the output F rench Swedo Iron Co.’s Calcium Silicide at this time one year ago. Silico Manganese By-product production in Septem­ ber was 4,426,375 tons, or MANGANESE ORE IRON CHROME ORE tons per day, according to U. ■ bureau of mines. Compared wi Open Hearth Use ORES L u m p August, the daily rate increased Blast Furnace Use G rou n d 0.1 per cent, all of the increase oc­ curring in merchant plants, whicn were estimated to have pro BRANCH OFFICES: 1,102,265 tons, while fu rn a ce plant Boston, Mass. New York, N. Y . produced 3,324,110 tons. Dunnf.}" 24 Alban Road 40 Exchange Place month one plant put into opei * a new battery of 73 ovens.

/TEEL 150 —The Market Week —

November 1, 1937 151 Blaw-Knox division of the Blaw- a total of 327 years, each more than Discuss Construction of Knox Co. 50 years. Special recognition was Officers of the former subsidiaries given these men at the first fall- Golden Gate Bridge will retain their respective status meeting of the guild Oct. 19. They Johnathan Jones, chief engineer, and their duties will continue as un­ are: Charles L. Huston, fii’st vice fabricated steel construction, Beth­ der the former arrangement. president, 62 years; H. B. Spackman, lehem Steel Co., Bethlehem, Pa., This action has been taken, states a director, 56 years; William H. Mar­ and C. M. Jones Jr., assistant chief Mr. Witherow, to simplify and tin, a form er heater now on the pen­ engineer, bridge department, John strengthen the corporate structure sion roll, 56 years; Samuel Forbes, A. Roebling’s Sons Co., Trenton, N. and to effect certain economies. flanging department foreman, 53 J., discussed the construction of the Subsidiaries include: Lewis Foun­ years; Daniel Toomey, watchman, Golden Gate bridge, San Francisco, dry & Machine Co., Pittsburgh; Na­ 51 years; Curtis Brown, watchman, at a recent session of the Phila­ tional Alloy Steel Co., Blawnox; 50 years. Pittsburgh Rolls Corp., Pittsburgh; delphia section of the American So- cety of Civil Engineers and the En­ Union Steel Casting Co., Pittsburgh; Test Bonding Value of Power Piping Corp., Pittsburgh. gineers Club of Philadelphia. Rusted Reinforcing Bars Remarks were illustrated by Employes Honor Veritys sound motion pictures. Pictures Research to determine the effect illustrating Johnathan Jones’ re­ On Fiftieth Anniversary of rust on the performance of a marks covered the construction of concrete reinforcing bar in service the steel superstructure; those illus­ ■ George M. Verity, founder and is to be incorporated in an extended trating the remai’ks of C. M. Jones chairman, American Rolling Mill Jr. depicted the history of the sus­ Co., and Mrs. Verity observed their series of bond tests about to be un­ dertaken by the Concrete Reinforc­ pension bridge construction in the fiftieth wedding anniversary Oct. United States during the past 100 19. More than 400 men and women ing Steel institute, according to an years, and described spinning of the from the company’s general office announcement by. the latter. cables and the construction of the each placed a flower in a miniature Results of these tests, it is ex­ suspension system of the bridge. "golden wedding garden” in Mr. pected, will discourage unwarranted rejections of reinforcing bars on the Verity’s office. Millions for Industrial Delegations from each of the com­ basis that a rusty piece, because pany’s major plants also presented it presents a poor surface appear­ Use of Farm Products gifts and bouquets to Mr. and Mrs. ance, must necessarily have impaired Verity. bond value. About $150,000,000 has been invest­ Evidence given by tests conducted ed in new chemurgic industries 251 Lukens Workers Have -at the universities, of Illinois and launched since the organization of the National Farm Chemurgic coun­ Over 20 Years Service Wisconsin to determine the bond between concrete and steel indicate cil in May, 1935, according to C. B. Fritsche, managing -director--of--the B Two hundred fifty-one employes that the,rusted bars have a far su­ of Lukens Steel Co., Coatesville, Pa., perior bond value than unrusted council, in addressing the recent an­ have worked for the company more bars of ordinary mill surface. A nual convention of the Farm Equip­ than 20 years and form the Lukens report issued by the University of ment institute in Chicago. Veterans guild. Their service ag­ Illinois on this subject explained the This council was organized to ad­ gregates 8015 years, an average of superior bond property of rusted vance the industrial use of Ameri­ nearly 32 per man. bars as “a natural consequence of can farm products through applied Six of the veterans have served the rougher surface.” science and its aim is to devote 50,- 000,000 acres of farm land to the production of crops that may be em­ ployed in manufacturing industries. The largest expenditure for new in­ dustries so far is $100,000,000 which WELDED STEEL has been invested in new pulp, kraft paper and newsprint mills in south­ ern states for the consumption of southern pine. Other projects in­ clude the use of southern sweet pota­ toes in the manufacture of starch for industrial consumption and the production of fuel alcohol from grains, starch and sugar. Discussing the value of soy beans in the production of oil used in the manufacture of paint, varnish and linoleum, Mr. Fritsche stated thrt AND FLANGES more than 300 food and industrial products now are made from the soy bean. Soy bean meal is an important Rolled from Standard Bar Stock item used in the manufacture of plastics. FLATS CHANNELS Baltimore Ore Arrivals ANGLES SQUARES Baltimore— Iron ore arrivals here TEES ROUNDS in the period from Sept. 23 to Oc • 12 amounted to 91,492 tons. In ad­ KING FIFTH WHEEL COMPANY dition, there were also substantia arrivals of manganese ore, and a 5027-31 BEAUMONT AVENUE. PHILADELPHIA * few shipments of chrome ore...... ' Send fo r Illu stra ted Booklet ...... ■mi» ■ Iron ore shipments co m p rise d

152 /TEEL 500 tons from Daiquiri, Cuba, Sept. both orders and inquiries during Oc­ earnings outlook. Practically all 23; 22,300 tons, trom Cruz Grande, tober were off moderately from lists from other tool users are small. Chile, Sept. 26; 3504 tons from September. The recession in in­ Machinery builders in most in­ Whyalla, Australia, Oct. 1; 6183 tons, quiries is insufficient to indicate an stances have sufficient backlogs to Narvik, Sweden, Oct. 2; 21,200 tons, immediate sharp letdown in equip­ support good operations during the Cruz Grande, Oct. 5; 10,500 tons, ment buying but the tendency is remainder of the year. Daiquiri, Oct. 7; 11,000, Cruz Grande, downward. Small tool demand is Seattle—Sales are fair but record Oct. 12; and 6305 tons, Lulea, Nor­ holding fairly well but the larger normal seasonal recession. Wire and way, Oct. 12. items are attracting fewer sales and electrical equipment continue in Manganese ore arrivals comprised inquiries. Railroad inquiries for strong demand while pump machin­ 6300 tons from Santiago, Cuba, Sept. 1938 budget-making purposes are ery is moving actively. There is 26; 7050 tons, Poti, Russia, Oct. 1; few and the carriers in general in­ some call for road equipment as 4900 tons, Santiago, Oct. 2; 500 tons, dicate equipment purchases will be states and counties prepare for win­ Chile, Oct. 2; 1800 tons, Calcutta, small pending a clarification of the ter. Oct. 7; 2000 tons, Calcutta, Oct. 2; 9900 tons, Poti, Russia, Oct. 7; and 8950 tons, Takoradi, Gold Coast, West Africa. Chrome ore shipments included 7300 tons from Lourenco Marquis, Construction Enterprise Portugese East Africa, Sept. 23; 2000 tons, Messina, Greece, Sept. 27; 750 tons, Aghia Marina, Greece, Sept. 30; and 5062 Lourenco, Mar­ quis, Oct. 8. Michigan Metal Co. has been organized to manu­ facture, install, construct and maintain Miscellaneous arrivals included DEARBORN, MICH.—Ford Motor Co. sheet metal; Ray L. Spltzley 1514 Twelfth 1701 tons of zinc concentrates from plans addition to power station at River street, is correspondent. Callao, Sept. 25; 200 tons, pig iron; Rouge plant, including installation of DETROIT-—Detroit department of pur­ Bergen, Norway, Sept. 30; 30,007 new 110,000-kilowatt turbogenerator unit chases and supplies will take new bids on and accessories, high pressure boilers, furnishing sump and high pressure bags zinc concentrates, Chile, Sept. pumps and auxiliary equipment. Work pumps for the high pressure tank at the 30; 2000 tons, zinc concentrates, will be carrlcd out in conjunction with a Detroit sewage disposal plant, all pre­ Chile, Oct. 2; 5940 bags, dead burnt $40,000,000 development program at plant vious bids having been rejected. during remainder o i 1937 and in 1938, in­ magnesite, Leningrad, Russia, Oct. cluding large group of new buildings, DETROIT—Michigan Steel Tube Prod­ 7; 400 cases, ferromanganese, Yo- with installation of electric furnaces, ucts Co. has started a 5100,000 building kahoma, Japan, Oct. 9; and 3720 heavy duty motors and controls, regu­ program which will add 45,000 square bags, magnesite, Dairen, Manchu- lators, electric hoists, electric cranes feet of additional floor space to present and other equipment. (Noted Oct. 25) facilities. Contract has been placed with kuo, Oct. 11. Austin Co., Cleveland, for erection of two DETROIT — Barkley-Grow Aircraft buildings. A scale free, bright finished Corp. has awarded contract to Joseph annealing furnace for normalized steel A. Krausmann Co., Detroit, for an addi­ tubing will be Installed. Equipment tion and alterations to its factory. Es­ timated cost .$18,000. HAMBURG, MICH.—Hamburg Mfg. Co. New York—Machinery and equip­ DETROIT—Detroit Rendering Co.. 2500 has been formed with $50,000 capital to Twenty-second street, will erect a 535,000 manufacture screw machine products; ment orders are less active, although factory building on Sarsfleld avenue. W. Rex Johnston, 1425 Longfellow av­ several large additional contracts W. J. C. Kaufmann Co., Detroit, is con­ enue, Detroit, correspondent. for heavy electrical equipment have tractor. MT. CLEMENS, MICH.—Mt. Clemens been booked. Metalworking tools, DETROIT — Spitzley-Rettenmier Sheet Metal Products Co. Is erecting an addi­ however, are slower, the decline be­ ing well distributed. Few large lists are pending, but aggregate volume being estimated is fairly large. Purchases are slower to close, however. Several operating departments of airplane engine and BISCO TOOL STEEL TUBING partsmakers have asked additional appropriations. Deliveries have im­ proved slightly, but backlogs are (D il cM-atelleMsWUf, ß tLosid still heavy. Some dealers have booked foreign business for ship­ ment well into next year. Machine tool builders find this tubing excellent for Cleveland — Machine tool and equipment sales in October reflected vital parts where increased strength, rigidity and the general uncertainty in the busi­ wear are important factors. ness situation. Aggregate business for the month was considerably be­ BiscoTubing is also ideal in dies for punching, forming, low earlier expectations and in some cases as much as 50 per cent or and blanking operations. Any size can be supplied. more under September. Large or­ ders are being held up pending Complete stocks of Boiler Tubing, Mechanical Tubing crystallization of unsettled condi- lions. Miscellaneous equipment and AircraftTubing ready for immediate shipment.We started moving in better volume can also supply Stainless Steel Tubing in any analyses. last week, however, and export business continues an important fac­ tor in the market. ne BISSETT STEEL COMPANY Chicago—Machinery and equip­ ment sales reflect the uncertainty 900 East 67th Street, Cleveland, Ohio prevailing in general business and FINE TOOL STEELS • TUNGSTEN CARBIDE TOOLS, ETC.

November 1, 1937 153 —Construction and Enterprise-

tion to its plant. W. C. Kauffman, De­ Co., 79 East Adams street, has let general Inc., 127 Kehr street, has let contract to troit, is contractor. contract for erection of two-story engi­ W. Zacher, 34 Wright street, for erection neering building to E. W. Sproul Con­ of factory addition, costing $40,000. PLAINWELL, MICH.—S. A. Elam Co. is struction Co., 2001 West Pershing road. (Noted Sept. 20) taking figures for the construction of a Cost over $40,000. factory addition. BUFFALO—City plans purchase of new CHICAGO—Glidden Co., 5165 West electrical pumping equipment for water Moffat street, has awarded general con­ supply extension, for which a bond issue Ohio tract for three-story boiler house addi­ of $375,000 has been authorized. tion to J. Shedden & Co., 20 North Waek- CINCINNATI—Rainbow Lithographing MASPETH, N. Y.—I. Furst, 24 Wood­ er drive. N. Ronneberg Inc., 10 South Co., 4142 Davis Lane, plans three-story ward avenue, has had plans drawn by LaSalle street is architect. (Noted Oct. 40 x 90 foot steel factory addition, cost­ S. Goldsmith, 84 Livingston street, for 18) ing over $40,000. Carlton, Frankenber- constructing a factory building to cost ger & Batson, 4122 Davis Lane, archi­ CHICAGO—Scully Steel Products Co., $320,000. tects. 1319 Wabansia avenue, has let general contract for erection o f one-story, 115 TONAWANDA, N. Y.—General Motors CLEVELAND—Pittsburgh Plate Glass Corp., Chevrolet division, Detroit, plans; Co., 3849 Hamilton avenue, will erect a x 175 foot warehouse to M. J. Boyle & Co., 1742 North Mozart street. Cost $50,- erecting a castings plant on River road .$40,000 addition to its warehouse and here, cost o f w hich will exceed $40,000. office building. 000. H. G. Boston, 4145 North Laramie street, is engineer. A. Kahn Inc., New Center building, De­ CLEVELAND—Ohio Steel & Supply Co., troit, is architect. 5120 Sweeney avenue, has leased addi­ UTICA, N. Y.—Central New York Pow­ tional space doubling its present capac­ Connecticut er Corp., Utica Gas and Electric building, ity. New equipment will be installed at plans improving power and lighting fa­ a cost of about $15,000. R. L. Cole is COLCHESTER, CONN.—Town will take cilities here and in surrounding districts. president. bids early in November for waterworks Cost over $916,000. system, Including storage distribution CLEVELAND—Brewing Corp. of Amer­ and 18 x 50-foot filter plant, costing ap­ WATKINS GLEN, N. Y.— New York ica, 9400 Quincy avenue, has let contract proxim ately $90,000. G. L. Bilderbeck State Electric & Gas Corp., Watkins Glen, to Sam W. Emerson Co. for erection of a Inc., 76 Starr Hill road, Groton, Conn., has filed petition with Public Service new building and additions to others, at engineer. (Noted Sept. 20) Corp. o f New York, Albany, N. Y., for a total cost of about $200,000. Ernest permission to construct electric plants MeGeorge is architect. (Noted Sept. 27) MERIDEN, CONN.—L. Hamilton, archi­ In several towns and villages. Estimat­ CLEVELAND—Morse Rogers Steel Co., tect, 22 Church street, is taking bids for ed cost $100,000. 1515 Fairfield avenue has leased 14,000 erection of two-story 45 x 100-foot fac­ square feet of additional space at 1500 tory on South Vine street, for Cuno En­ Pennsylvania Fairfield avenue, to be used for the man­ gineering Corp., 80 South Vine street. Cost $42,000. ufacture of tubular steel furniture and PITTSBURGH—Coca Cola Bottling Co. as a warehouse. Edgar D. Rogers is WATERBURY, CONN.— Lombard Bros., is having plans prepared by Roberts & president. 1844 East Main street, have plans com­ Co., Bona Allen building, Atlanta, Ga., ar­ CLEVELAND—Arrow Electrodes Co., a pleted by H. T. Butler, 150 Walnut av­ chitects, for a bottling plant on Center new firm manufacturing electrodes and enue, for erection of steel warehouse and Negley avenues, Pittsburgh. building. Cost $40,000. welding accessories, has leased a build­ TAMAQUA. PA.— Reevesdale Coal Co., ing containing 10,000 square feet at 5509 care o f J. T. M cAloose, McAdoo, Pa., Hough avenue. L. Clayton Ross is presi­ Massachusetts plans modern coal breaker at coal mining dent and O. W. Esslinger, engineer and operations near here. Will purchase general manager. WINCHESTER, MASS.— J. H. Winns and install transmission, conveying and Sons, Washington street, will soon let coal handling machinery and equipment. Illinois contract for two-story, 45 x 60 foot Cost $35,000. plant, costing approximately $40,000. CHICAGO—Automatic Spring Colling W. Blank, 120 Milk street, Boston, is ar­ Co., 3982 West Barry avenue, has let con­ chitect. Indiana tract for one-story, 100 x 175 foot fac­ INDIANAPOLIS—Articles of incorpora­ tory, to Holton Seelye & Co., 32 West Randolph street. (Noted Oct. 11) New York tion have been filed with the Indiana sec­ retary of state by K. & H. Tool & Die CHICAGO—Pullman Standard Car Mfg. BUFFALO—Morrison Steel Products Inc., 1720 M ishawaka avenue. South Bend, Ind., formed to manufacture ma­ chinery, jigs, fixtures, etc. Incorporat­ ors are Richard P. Krause, F. Kathryn Krause, James R. Huckins and Cora R. Iluckins.

District of Columbia WASHINGTON—Panama Canal, gen­ eral purchasing officer, will take bids Nov. 5, schedule 3297, for concrete mix­ ers, structural steel, metal roofing, steel windows and doors, metal lockers, wood­ w orking machine, pipe fittings and stee plates, to be delivered to Cristobal o ITS HOTEL Balboa, Canal Zone. Kentucky HENDERSON, KY.—Board of city com­ missioners will soon take bids for muri - cipal light plant improvements, 1000 ROOMS GIBSON ing installation of new boiler, feed water pumps, and circulating pumps. L WITH BATH $33,000. LOUISVILLE, KY.— Louisville Gas * Electric Co. plans transmission and dis from $ 2 5 0 JfakqjLit in tributing lines for rural electrification, totaling about 41 miles, with ° ^ d°° power substations and service facil H. FULLER STEVENS Will spend approximately $60,000. Manager CINCINNATI Georgia BRUNSWICK, GA.— Capt M. L. Gil­ bert, president, Gil-Boat Mfg. Co., land, Mich., has purchased a site

/TEEL 154 — Construction and Enterprise■ for erection of a plant, for building all- Corp. has been incorporated by Carl main, pump house and a 30,000-galion welded steel boats. and M. E. Walter. steel water tank on an 80-foot tower. Eal.v G. Briggs, 1955 University avenue, MILWAUKEE—Milwaukee Independent CAIRO, GA. — Grady County Rural St. Paul, is engineer. Electric Co-operative, care ol E. P. Mc- Brewery, Henry Bills, president, 2701 Ltan, Moultrie, Ga., consulting engineer, South Thirteenth street, contemplates re­ ST PAUL—United States government, has plans under way and will take bids modeling and enlargement operations es­ war department, Lt. Col. Philip B. Flem­ early in November for primary and sec­ timated to cost $100,000. ing, district engineer, 615 Commerce building, will take bids until Nov. 10 ondary lines for rural electrillcation in MILWAUKEE — Electro-Forg-O-Mat part of Grady and Decatur counties, to­ for two electrically-driven traveling Corp. has been incorporated by Carl S. tainter gate hoists. taling about 75 miles with outdoor power Zaiser, 1859 North Sixty-eighth street, substations and service facilities. Fund president of Ampco Metals Inc., to manu­ ST. PAUL—Minnesota Mining & Mfg. of .$75,000 secured through federal aid. facture forgings and castings. Asso­ Co., 791 Forest street, m anufacturer o f ROSSVILLE, GA.—Lamede Inc. plans ciates are Herman Ilahle and Joseph C. abrasive materials, plans installation of construction of a $50,000 chemical plant. Brauer. motors and controls, conveyors and other equipment in new plant addition. RACINE, WIS.— Architct E. A. Klinger, Mississippi Cost close to $400,000. Toltz, King & (514 Fourteenth street, has been chosen by Day Inc., Pioneer building, Is architect county board of supervisors to design and engineer. (Noted Sept. 13) GREENVILLE, MISS.—-Greenville Seat­ proposed new $25,000 generating plant to ing Co., Mrs. Nora L. Phillips, will con­ serve county institutional buildings. struct a plant for manufacture of steel Texas framed seating equipment for schools RACINE, WIS.— J. I. Case Co., maker and theatres. H eavy machinery for of tractors, farm implements, etc., plans DOUGLASVILLE, TEX.—M-B-C Elec­ construction of a new heat-treating shop, tric Co-operative Inc., James H. Simms, cutting and forming sheet steel and mak­ receives bids Nov. 8 for constructing 187 ing iron castings to form framework 130 x 500 feet, designed by Frank J. H of- miles of rural electric transmission lines for chairs will be installed. man, architect, 201 Sixth street. L. R. Clausen is president. in Morris. Cass and Bowie counties. Wil­ liam G. Morrison, engineer, 912 Profes­ Louisiana RACINE, WIS.—Hamilton-Bcach Co., sional building, Waco, Tex. manufacturer of electric motors, appli­ DeRIDDER, LA.—Chicago Bridge & ances and soda fountain equipment, has Kansas Iron Co., 37 W est Van Buren street, Chi­ awarded contract to Nelson & Co. for construction of a third story addition cago, will erect a creosote treating plant POMONA. KANS.—-City voted favor­ and post and piling plant for Long Bell to the plating and polishing plant. Frank J. Hoffman is architect. ably on $25,000 bond issue to (lnancc Lumber Co. here. The plant will have construction of waterworks system, in­ capacity for 2,000,000 feet of treated RHINELANDER, WIS.—Robbins Floor­ cluding well and tank costing $35,000. products per month. ing Co., Rhinelander, has awarded gen­ Paulette & Wilson, 311 Farmers Union eral contract to C. R. Meyer & Sons Co., building, Salina, Kans., consulting engi­ Tennessee Oshkosh, Wis., for construction of a fac­ neers. tory building and dry kilns at Newberry, KNOXVILLE, TENN.—City, George R. Mich. G. Arntzen, Escanaba, Mich., Is TECUMSEH, KANS.—Kaw Valley Co­ Dempster, city manager, will call for bids architect. operative Electric Co., Benjamin L. about Dec. 1 for constructing municipal Pressgrove in charge, has plans under RIPON, WIS.—Barlow & Seelig Mfg. power distribution system. Plans have way and will take bids soon for primary Co., maker of washing machines and been approved by PWA. and secondary lines for rural electrm- other domestic appliances, expects to cation totaling about 370 miles, with out­ start work soon on manufacturing addi­ door power substations and service facil­ Missouri tions costing about $80,000. Architects ities. Fund of $395,000 arranged through Auler & Jensen, Oshkosh, Wis., are In federal aid. JOPLIN, MO.—American Lumber & charge of project. Wood Treating Co. has awarded con­ WINFIELD, KANS.—City, H. H. Haul- tract to the Chicago Bridge & Iron Co. en, clerk, is taking bids to Nov. 11 on for construction of a one-story steel and Minnesota construction of sewage disposal plant corrugated iron wood treating plant, 42 of 900,000-gallon per day capacity, and x 80 feet, to cost about $250,000, in­ KANDIYOHI, MINN.—Village council incinerator. Cost is about $100,000. cluding seven steel tanks, one 250,000- will take bids Nov. 8 for construction Burns & McDonnell Engineering Co., gallon, three 50,000-gallon and three of a waterworks system, including water 107 West Linwood boulevard, Kansas 30,000-gallon, and two steel retorts and several smaller buildings. KANSAS CITY, MO.— 7-Up Co., E. G. Teacher, manager, 215 East Twenty- seventh street, has leased a building at Eighteenth and Burlington avenues, and will install ,$75,000 worth of machinery and equipment. Arkansas

GUION, ARK.—Edgar Baker and asso­ ciates, Batesville, Ark., will start work soon on erection of lime plant, consist­ ing of two kilns with capacity for 40 tons daily. Wisconsin

^ DENMARK, WIS.— Denmark Brewing For accurate screen­ Wide selection of pat­ Co. plans construction of a new bottling ing of minerals, chem­ Plant and installation of new bottling terns for modern ar­ equipment. Harry W. Williams, North­ icals and all hard- chitectural grilles, ern building, Green Bav, Wis., is archi­ to-screen materials. panels, radiator cov­ tect. Special layouts and sizes to insure maxi­ ers. Tell us your LA CROSSE, WIS. — Wisconsin state mum production with specifications, and we teachers college plans building a steam- minimum screening will submit quota­ electric power plant, costing over $100,- 000. costs. ANY METAL OR PERFORATION tions and samples. MENASHA, WIS. — Hafemeister Ma- chine Co. has been incorporated to con­ duct a general foundry and machine H business, by Edgar E. Becker, Walter F. arrinqton & K 'nc! Casperson and Louis H. Hafemeister. P e r f o r a t i n g I ' C o . ^ MERRILL, WIS.— Merrill Woolen Mills Co. plans construction of a two-story 5634 FILLMORE STREET—CHICAGO, ILL. factory addition. New York Office, 114 Liberty Street MILWAUKEE—Midland Iron & Steel

November 1, 1937 155 —Construction and Enterprise—

City, Mo., consulting engineer. (Noted G. E. Fischer, A. J. M ittlestead and R. W. sion to the Western Public Service Co., Sept. 13) Townsend. Scottsbluff, Nebr., to construct rural power lines in Gerlng and Harlan coun­ North Dakota Iowa ties'. OMAHA, NEBR.—Omaha Packing Co. MINOT, N. DAK.—Ward County Farm­ CEDAR FALLS, IOWA—Iowa state has awarded contract to Cooper Con­ ers Union is making a preliminary survey commerce commission has granted per­ struction Co. for construction of a two- and will make application to REA soon mission to the county board of super­ story packing plant addition, to cost for funds to finance construction of an visors to construct an extension of rural about $100,000. Egan, Brubaker & Egan, electric transmission line between Fox- electric lines into Butler county. C. H. Chicago, are architects. holm and Palermo, N. Dak., to cost be­ Streeter is engineer. ORD, NEBR.— North Loup Public tween 840,000 and $30,000. COUNCIL BLUFFS, IOWA—Iowa State Power & Irrigation district, J. P. Barta, Commerce commission has granted per­ secretary, will take bids Nov. 3 for South Dakota mission to the Nebraska Power Co., Sev­ enteenth and Harney streets, Omaha, construction of 40 miles of transmission SIOUX FALLS, S. DAK. — Dakota Nebr., to construct rural transmission lines and two substations, part of a S2,000,000 irrigation and power project. Equipment Co. has been incorporated lines in Pottawattamie county. Clarence Black & Veatch, 4706 Broadway, Kansas with capital stock of $50,000 to dis­ Minard is company engineer. tribute and service road building ma­ City, Mo., are engineers. chinery and industrial equipment, by DAVENPORT, IOWA — Eastern Iowa Light & Power Co-operative has been Pacific Coast allotted $270,000 additional REA funds for construction of 375 miles of rural LOS ANGELES—Metropolitan water transmission lines in live counties. John district, F. E. Weymouth, engineer, 306 P. Hand, 1933 Main street, Is engineer. West Third street, will take bids Nov. 8 GRAFTON, IOWA — City, Otto for 808,400 lineal feet of woven wire Bucschele, city clerk, is preparing plans fencing and 211 gates. Specification 245. for construction of a waterworks plant STOCKTON, CALIF.—Continental Can to cost $20,000. Ralph W. Gearhart, Co. is erecting a large can manufacturing Cedar Rapids, Iowa, is engineer. plant here. J. F. Egenolf, district man­ ager of manufacturing, will head the new Nebraska branch, under M. S. Huffman, Pacific coast manager for the company. DODGE, NEBR.—Nebraska State Rail­ way commission has granted permission COULEE, WASH.— MWAK Co., con­ to the Nebraska Pow er Co., J. E. D avid­ tractor for the first Coulee dam unit is son, president. Seventeenth and Harney selling $1,000,000 of used equipment as streets, Omaha, Nebr., to construct short fast as it is released, including trucks, rural transmission lines In Dodge and shovels, caterpillars, tools, etc. Under Saunders' counties. Clarence Minard is the contract the government takes over company engineer. stationary equipment. H. A. Hamlin is in charge o f sales. FREMONT, NEBR.—Town has plans maturing for extension and improve­ ments in municipal electric power plant, Canada including installation of considerable additional equipment. Cost estimated at OTTAWA, ONT.—W. E. Noffke, archi­ $225,000. Black & Veatch, 4706 Broad­ tect, 46 Elgin street, is taking bids for way, Kansas City, Mo.,, consulting engi­ construction o f addition to present plant neers. and supplying and installing new ma­ chinery for Capitol Brewing Co. Ltd., 840 O u u a i m is to render MASCOT, NEBR. — Nebraska State Wellington street. Estimated cost $50,- Railway commission has granted permis­ service. A little more 000. complete. . . more lios- pi table. . . more pleasing Steel Tower Supports Airplane Beacon . . . than even the most ■ Crowning the new exacting guest expects. 13-story office building of the Northwestern CHAS. H. LOTT Mutual Fire Associa­ Manager tion in Seattle is this 70-foot steel tower, Every Room Outside supporting an airplane with Private Bath beacon. The tower is Single from $2.50 fabricated of eight )Ą- Double from St. 00 inch steel plate fins radiating from an extra heavy 6-inch steel pipe. On the fins’ edges are tw o 3 X Z]Ą X 2lé-inch D e t r o i t angles. The whole structure is erected on a steel I-beam base. All connections in the LeLfiND tower are welded. It was designed by Archi­ tect Henry Bittman, fabricated by the flcm Standard Steel Fabri­ cating & Boiler Works Inc., and erected by CASS AT BAGLEY AVE. the H. W. Pohlman GARAGE IN CONNECTION Co., all of Seattle

/TEEL 156 Readers tire invited to comment upon articles, editorials, reports, prices or other editorial material appearing in STEEL. The editors cannot publish unsigned communications, but at their discretion may permit a writer to use a pseudonym when a bona fide reason exists for withholding, his identity. Letters should be brief—preferably not exceeding 250 words.

Makes a Correction I have excerpted a few paragraphs, subscribe to this statement! The in view of personnel problems of creation of new products and in­ To the Editor: today. Mr. Keefe said: dustries are creating unlimited op­ On page 82 of the Nov. 1 issue of “ American industry expects the portunities today and tomorrow for S t e e l , third column, third para­ vocational student to look upon in­ technically skilled men who are graph, you quote me as saying, dustry as a post-graduate course smart enough to ride to success “From his experience with heavy that leads to a career, not simply a with the progress of American in­ welded I’olling mill gears------” (This piece-work job. dustries.” refers to a report of the American “The first rung upward in the H or a c e A. L a n e v ' Welding society’s meeting in At­ ladder is achieved when the appren­ Bit ffalo. lantic City, Oct. 19.) tice demonstrates his ability to man­ This is not correct. What I did age men, as well as machinery. Be­ say was that my experience led me lieve it or not, the biggest job in Building Still Laggard to believe that thermal stress relief industry is to find the right man. was not necessary with welded gear That is why the opportunities are To the Editor: unlimited. The eyes of industry are reduction cases. This is quite anoth­ The one big blind spot in the busi­ focused on the vocational student. er matter, and I would not recom­ ness picture now is to be found in They are in a sense, recognized by mend eliminating thermal stress re­ the laggard construction industry. industry because they have ambi­ lief in gears, because gear rims Excessive costs have been blamed tions along technical lines. should be made of the higher car­ for this condition. And partly that bon or low alloy steels and the “To give you just one idea of is the case. But more basic is the welds joining the rim to the arms how industries try to help their fact that the national income has or web would naturally be deficient men improve themselves, they invite not yet reached the level which in ductility due to the air hardening their employes to accept copies of could support a high volume of pri­ characteristics of these higher trade papers, so they can get a vate construction. Especially is this strength steels. In gear reduction broader aspect on their work by true if due weight is given to the in­ cases, low carbon steel is universally reading the current developments. creasing drafts upon the public used. These trade papers naturally have purse, federal and local, and the many explicit, understandable and A . E . G ib s o n concomitant mounting burdens of up-to-the-minute articles on new taxation. President, Wellman Engineering Co., shop methods, new materials, new Under these conditions it is idle to Cleveland. production economies and the lat­ talk about housing shortages. Where est type of production machinery. they exist they will be filled private­ There again, life in industry offers ly only when incomes permit and a post-graduate course in their vo­ Trade Papers in Schools not sooner. If increasing propor­ cational advancement. The appren­ tions of personal incomes are to go tice imbued with the desire to forge To the Editor: for the support of government it is ahead, mentally, with advancing W. D. Keefe, sales manager of idle to talk about a building boom, ideas will win recognition because the refrigeration division of Fed- even should one be desired, for of what he knows, as well as what ders Mfg. Co., Buffalo, addressing much of the wreckage from the last he does. the New York state teachers’ asso­ one has still to be cleared away. ciation recently on what industry “We often have heard the com­ expects from vocational apprentices, plaint that if a man had been born L . S e t h S c h n i t m a n rnade some pertinent observations 20 years sooner, his opportunities Consulting Economist, along the line of industrial thinking. would have been greater. I do not New York.

November 8, 1937 19 R IG H T ! We’ll buy 01 Diesels from Fairbanks-Mors P ^ ...th e y have mor experience and more complete lin

DIESEL ENGINES REFRIGERATORS PUMPS RADIOS ELECTRICAL MACHINERY WASHERS FAIRBANKS SCALES FARM EQUIPMENT RAILROAD EQUIPMENT STOKERS WATER SYSTEMS AIR CONDITIONERS