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Bibliography--Constantino Brumidi Artist of the Capitol Bibliography Principal Archives and Manuscript Collections New York Tribune Philadelphia New York Evening Sun New York Herald Thomas U. Walter Papers, The Athenaeum of Philadelphia Record Philadelphia. Washington Times-Herald Rome Washington Post Accademia di San Luca, Archivio. Archives of the Washington Star Academy of St. Luke. Archivio Storico del Vicariate di Roma. Historical Published Sources: Books, reports, and articles archives of the vicariate of Rome. Ahrens, Kent. “Constantino Brumidi’s ‘Apotheosis of Archivio di Stato di Roma (Palazzo della Sapienza). Washington’ in the Rotunda of the United States Capi- Archives of the city of Rome. tol.” Records of the Columbia Historical Society of Wash- Archivio Segreto Vaticano (Vatican City). Vatican ington, D.C. 1973–1974(1976): 187–208. archives. Aikman, Lonnelle. “U.S. Capitol, Citadel of Democracy.” Washington, D.C. National Geographic102 (August 1952): 143–190. Records of the Architect of the Capitol. Allen, William C. The Dome of the United States Capitol: Jesuit Archives, Georgetown University. An Architectural History. Washington D.C.: Govern- Benjamin Brown French Papers; Montgomery C. Meigs ment Printing Office, 1992. Papers, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress. Amadei, Emma. “Il piu Piccolo Santuario mariano de Papers of the Commissioners of Public Buildings, Na- Roma: La Madonna dell’Archetto,” in L’Urbe, 12 tional Archives and Records Administration. (1949): 2, 15–18. Records of the Department of the Interior, National Apolloni, Marco, Alberta Campitelli, Antonio Pinelli, and Archives and Records Administration. Barbara Steindl. “Villa Torlonia: L’Ultima Impresa del U.S. Circuit Court Records, District of Columbia, Na- Mecenatismo Romano.” Ricerche di Storia dell’arte, tional Archives and Records Administration. 28–29 (1986). Mildred Thompson Papers, United States Senate Collection. ———. Villa Torlonia: L’ultima Impresa del Mecenatismo Romano.Rome: Istituto Poligrafico e Zecca dello Newspapers Stato, 1997. Baltimore Sun Architect of the Capitol. Art in the United States Capitol. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1978. Baltimore Star Congressional Globe (Washington) ———. Annual Reports. Washington, D.C.: Government Constitutional Union (Washington) Printing Office, 1867–1947 and 1976– . Daily Critic (Washington) “Art in Washington.” The Round Table(New York), Feb- Daily Graphic (New York) ruary 20, 1868. Daily Mercury News (New Bedford, Massachusetts) “Art Desecration of Capitol.” Cosmopolitan Art Journal 2 Daily Evening Transcript (Boston) (1858): 134–135. Evening Telegraph (Philadelphia) Evening Star (Washington) Barker, Virgil. American Painting: History and Interpre- Evening Intelligencer (Washington) tation.New York: Macmillan Company, 1950. National Intelligencer (Washington) Berryman, Florence S. “Artists of Washington.” Records New York Times of the Columbia Historical Society 50 (1952): 215–233. 244 BIBLIOGRAPHY Birchfield, James. “Brumidi’s Church Paintings.” Wash- De Terreros, Manuel Romera, ed. Catalogos de las Exposi- ington Sunday Star Magazine, January 27, 1957. ciones de la Antiqua Academia de San Carlos de México, 1859–1898. Mexico: Imprenta Universitaria, 1963. Brown, Simon. “Letter from Mr. Brown.” New England Farmer(Joel Nourse, Proprietor), June 25, 1856. Diamond Jubilee of St. Aloysius Church Washington, D.C., 1859–1934. Washington, D.C.: W. F. Roberts Co., 1934. Brown, Glenn. History of the United States Capitol. 2 “Costantino Brumidi.” In Dizionario Biografico degli vols. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, Italiani. Rome: Istituo della Enciclopedia Italian, 1900, 1902. 1960, 1972. “Brumidi: Artist and Citizen of the U.S.A.” The Link30 Documentary History of the Construction and Development (June 1972): 5–9. of the United States Capitol Building and Grounds. “Brumidi.” American Architect and Building News1 Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1904. (1876): 144. “Domestic Art Gossip.” The Crayon(May 1857): “Brumidi, Constantino.” In Dictionary of American Biog- 155–156. raphy, ed. Allen Johnson and Dumas Malone. 2d ed. Fairman, Charles E. Art and Artists of the Capitol of the New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1958, 2:184–185. United States of America.Washington, D.C.: Govern- “Brumidi, Constantino.” In Allgemeines Lexikon Der ment Printing Office, 1927. Bildenden Kunstler von der Antike bis zur Gegenwart, ———. “Art of the Italian Artist in the United States ed. Ulrich Thieme and Felix Becker. Leipzig: E.A. See- Capitol.” Extension of Remarks of Hon. Fiorello H. man Verlag, 1911, 5:118. LaGuardia. Congressional Record, 71st Congress, 2d sess. January 29, 1930: 1–4. “Brumidic.”Art Digest (August 1930): 9. ———. Works of Art in the United States Capitol Building, “Brumidi’s Successor.”American Architect and Building Including Biographies of the Artists. Washington, D.C.: News 7, February 21, 1880. Government Printing Office, 1913. Campitelli, Alberta, and Barbara Steindl. “Costantino Fournier, Harry and John Fournier. Constantino Bru- Brumidi da Roma a Washington. Vicende e opere di un midi, The Michelangelo of the United States Capitol from artista romano,” Ricerche di Storia dell’arte: Pittori fra Filiatra Messinias Greece. Athens, Greece: E. O. B. Rivoluzione e Restaurazione,46 (1992): 49–59. Scarab Publishers, 1988. “Capitol Dome Restoration.” American History Illus- “Frieze in Dome of Capitol Must be Completed.” Christ- trated (April 1988): 8. ian Science Monitor, June 1913: 434–435. Checchetelli, Giuseppe. “Una giornata di osservazione nel Frary, I. T. They Built the Capitol. Richmond, Va.: Garrett Palazze e nella Villa di S.E. il Principe D. Alessandro Tor- and Massie, 1940. lonia.”Rome: Tipografia di Crispino Puccinelli, 1842. Frese, Joseph R. “Federal Patronage of Painting to 1860.” Cole, Donald B. and John J. McDonough, eds. Benjamin Capitol Studies: U.S. Capitol Historical Society2, no. 2. Brown French. Witness to the Young Republic: A Yankee’s Washington: U.S. Capitol Historical Society, 1974. Journal, 1828–1870. Hanover and London: University Fry, Smith D.Thrilling Story of the Wonderful Capitol Press of New England, 1989. Building and Its Marvelous Decorations. N.p., 1911. Cosentino, Andrew J. and Henry Glassie. The Capitol Fryd, Vivien Green. Art and Empire: The Politics of Eth- Image: Painters in Washington, 1800–1915. Washing- nicity in the United States Capitol, 1815–1860.New ton, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1983. Haven: Yale University Press, 1992. Courtais, Henri G.“A Blind Approach to the Removal of Haley, William D., ed. Philip’s Washington Described. a Fresco.”Studies in Conservation 8 (February 1963): New York: Rudd and Carleton, 1861. 10–19. Hazelton, George, Jr. The National Capitol. Its Architec- Cox, Allyn. “Completing and Restoring the Capitol Fres- ture, Art and History.New York: J. F. Taylor and Com- cos. Part I: The Rotunda Frieze.” Museum News39 pany, 1897. (February 1961): 14–18. Henderson, Helen W. The Art Treasures of Washington. De Camillis, Lamberto.La Madonna dell’Archetto, Storia Boston: L. C. Page and Company, 1912. del piu’ piccolo santuario Mariano di Roma. Rome: Jervis, A.V. “Costantino Brumidi,” La Pittura in Italia: Edizione Soc. Promotrice Di Buone Opere, 1951. L’Ottocento. Milan: Electa, 1991. 245 Keim, DeB. Randolph. Keim’sCapitol Interior and Dia- O’Connor, Francis V. “A History of Painting in True grams: A Complete Guide to All Parts of the Capitol. Fresco in the United States: 1825 to 1945.” Fresco: A Washington, D.C.: N.p., 1874. Contemporary Perspective.New York: Snug Harbor ———. Keim’s Capitol Interior and Diagrams: A Com- Cultural Center, 1994. plete Guide to All Parts of the Capitol. 3rd. rev. ed. ———. “The Murals by Costantino Brumidi for the Washington, D.C.: N.p., 1875. United States Capitol Rotunda, 1860–1880: An Icono- ———. Keim’s Illustrated Hand–Book Washington and Its graphic Interpretation.” In The Italian Presence in Environs: A Descriptive and Historical Hand-Book to the American Art: 1860–1920, ed. Irma B. Jaffe. New York Capital of the United States of America. 3rd ed. Wash- and Rome: Fordham University Press and Istituto della ington, D.C.: M’Gill and Witherow, Printers and Enciclopedia Italian, 1992. Stereotypers, 1874. Oertel, J. F. A Vision Realized: A Life Story of Rev. J. A. ———. Keim’s Illustrated Hand-Book: Washington and Its Oertel, D.D., Artist, Priest, Missionary. Boston: Environs: A Descriptive and Historical Hand-Book to the Christopher Publishing House, 1928. Capital of the United States of America. 7th ed. Wash- Peclaris, P. B. “Constantinos Brumidis: The Greek ington, D.C.: N.p., 1875. Painter Who Decorated the U.S. Capitol.” Hellenic Re- Kloss, William. Art in the White House: A Nation’s Pride. view4 (April 1963): 19. Washington, D.C.: White House Historical Associa- Rider, Fremont, ed. Rider’s Washington: A Guide Book for tion, 1992. Travelers. New York: Macmillan Company, 1924. Leupp, Francis E. Walks About Washington. Boston: Lit- Roose’s Companion and Guide to Washington and Vicinity. tle, Brown and Company, 1915. Washington, D.C.: Gibson Brothers Printers, 1880. Lilli, Maria Sofia.Aspetti dell’arte neoclassica: Sculture Scott, Pamela. Temple of Liberty. New York: Oxford Uni- nelle Chiese romane 1780–1846.Rome: Istituto versity Press, 1995. Nazionale di Studi Romani, 1991. “Sketchings: Art on the Capitol, Washington.” The Marinacci, Barbara. They Came from Italy. Stories of Fa- Crayon(October 1858): 296–296. mous Italian-Americans. New York: Dodd, Mead and Company, 1967. “Sketchings: The Capitol-Extension.”
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  • ALLA CORRENTE Constantino Brumidi
    ALLA CORRENTE Constantino Brumidi Constantino Brumidi (July 26, 1805 - February 19, 1880) was a Greek/Italian-American historical painter, best known and honored for his fresco work in the Capitol Building in Washington, DC. He was born in Rome; his father was Greek and his mother was Italian. After studying at the Italian Academy of Arts, he showed his talent for fresco painting and painted in several Roman palaces, among them that of Prince Torlonia. Under Pope Gregory XVI he worked for three years in the Vatican as a fresco artist. The occupation of Rome by French forces in 1849 apparently convinced Brumidi that he had to emigrate. He had joined the short-lived Roman Republic of the Risorgimento and with its collapse he saw that there was no future for him or his artistic talent in Rome. So he sailed for the United States, where he became a naturalized citizen in 1852 at the age of forty-seven. Taking up his residence in New York City, he painted a number of portraits. Following these, he undertook more important works, the primary one being a fresco of the Crucifixion in St. Stephen’s Church, for which he also painted a Martyrdom of St. Stephen and an Assumption of Mary. He also painted frescoes at Taylor’s Chapel in Baltimore, Maryland. In 1854 Brumidi went to Mexico, where he painted an allegorical representation of the Holy Trinity in the cathedral of Mexico City. On his way back to New York, he stopped in Washington, DC and visited the U.S. Capitol.
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  • The Apotheosis of George Washington: Constantino Brumidi's Homage to America
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  • The Capitol Dome
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  • The Capitol Dome
    Fig. 1A. Detail of carved relief with swan and rinceaux on the Ara Pacis, Rome. [credit] Photograph by author SPECIAL EDITION THE CAPITOL DOME CELEBRATING Constantino Brumidi’s Life and Art A MAGAZINE OF HISTORY PUBLISHED BY THE UNITED STATES CAPITOL HISTORICAL SOCIETY VOLUME 51 , NUMBER 1 SPRING 2014 The next special issue of The Capitol Dome will be devoted to the bicentennial of the War of 1812 and specifically the fate of the United States Capitol in 1814, when combined British naval and land forces captured Washington, DC and set fire to many public buildings. The mural (above) from the Hall of Capitols by Allyn Cox in the House wing of the Capitol illustrates the burning Capitol in the background. USCHS BOARD OF TRUSTEES Hon. Richard Baker, Ph.D. Hon. Kenneth E. Bentsen, Jr. Ken Bowling, Ph.D. Hon. Richard Burr Nicholas E. Calio UNITED STATES CAPITOL Donald G. Carlson ----------- Hon. E. Thomas Coleman HISTORICAL SOCIETY L. Neale Cosby Scott Cosby Nancy Dorn George C. “Bud” Garikes Bruce Heiman Hon. Richard Holwill Tim Keating Hon. Dirk Kempthorne Contents Hon. John B. Larson Jennifer LaTourette Rob Lively Tamera Luzzatto Tim Lynch Norm Ornstein, Ph.D. Beverly L. Perry David Regan Rome Brought to Washington in Brumidi’s Murals for the Cokie Roberts Hon. Ron Sarasin United States Capitol Mark Shields by Barbara Wolanin..................................................................2 Dontai Smalls William G. Sutton, CAE Tina Tate Hon. Ellen O’Kane Tauscher The American Artist as Scientist: Constantino Brumidi’s James A. Thurber, Ph.D. Hon. Pat Tiberi Fresco of Robert Fulton for the United States Capitol Connie Tipton by Thomas P.
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  • Brumidi's Last Works
    CHAPTER 11 Brumidi’s Last Works he artist of the Capitol spent no pay for any work in the Capitol. most of the last fifteen years The next year he received five T of his life working on projects $2,000 payments for preparing full- started or designed two decades be- size cartoons for the fresco, and in fore. He also continued to under- 1864 he was paid a total of $6,000. take outside church and private He painted The Apotheosis of Wash- commissions (fig. 11–1). It is a ington in 1865, but was paid for common misconception, started in only half the year. He was paid for his obituaries and continued in later the second half in April 1866 and accounts, that he was “almost con- finally received the balance of Fig. 11–2. Brumidi at the end of his life. stantly at work upon the interior of $9,500 in June. This print, based on a photograph, shows Brumidi the Capitol” for twenty-five years; in with white hair and beard. Plate by C.M. Bell. Once the canopy was finished, actuality, his employment was not Architect of the Capitol. there was a long gap before Brumidi continuous.1 He worked most in- resumed working at the Capitol. tensely during his first ten years at the Capitol, when he de- Discouraged at not being allowed to complete several signed and began painting his most important rooms. He rooms in the Senate, he traveled to Cuba at the end of was on the payroll almost continuously from April 1855 1866, returning to Washington in May 1867 to work on through December 1861, with gaps as long as several the Senate Post Office (S–211).
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  • The Analysis of Three Wall Paintings by Constantino Brumidi in the United States Capitol: a Case Study Catherine Sterling Myers University of Pennsylvania
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  • Constantino Brumidi, Artist of the Capitol
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  • Rediscovering the Art of Constantino Brumidi / Compiled by Amy Elizabeth Burton
    To RediscoveringMake the ArtBeautiful of Constantino Brumidi the Capitol To RediscoveringMake the ArtBeautiful of Constantino Brumidi the Capitol To RediscoveringMake the ArtBeautiful of Constantino Brumidi the Capitol Compiled by Amy Elizabeth Burton Prepared under the direction of the U.S. Senate Commission on Art U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON, D.C. : 2014 113th Congress, 2nd Session S. Pub 113–10 Printed pursuant to 2 USC 2102(a) U.S. Senate Commission on Art Chairman: Harry Reid, Nevada Vice Chairman: Mitch McConnell, Kentucky Patrick J. Leahy, Vermont Charles E. Schumer, New York Pat Roberts, Kansas Executive Secretary: Nancy Erickson Curator: Diane K. Skvarla Works of art illustrated are by Constantino Brumidi unless otherwise noted. Illustrations are from the records of the Office of Senate Curator except where other collection or photography credits are provided. Principal photography by James Rosenthal, courtesy of the Architect of the Capitol. Photography credits appear on pages 130–31. Images have been used with the consent of their respective owners. Printed and bound in the United States of America. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data To make beautiful the Capitol : rediscovering the art of Constantino Brumidi / compiled by Amy Elizabeth Burton. – – 1st [edition]. pages cm Includes bibliographical references. “Prepared under the direction of the U.S. Senate Commission on Art.” 1. Brumidi, Constantino, 1805–1880––Criticism and interpretation. 2. United States Capitol (Washington, D.C.) 3. Mural painting and decoration, American––Washington (D.C.)––19th century. 4. Mural painting and decoration–– Conservation and restoration––Washington (D.C.) I. Burton, Amy Elizabeth. II. Cunningham–Adams, Christiana.
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