HEEL JUNIOR HISTORIAN THE STATE HISTORY JOURNAL FOR INQUIRING STUDENTS Fall 1994 Volume 34, Number 1
Sports, Recreation, and Leisure Adviser's Supplement: Sports, Recreation, and Leisure
Tar Heel Junior Historian, Fall 1994
"Adviser's Supplement'' Editor: Mary Bradford, Program Coordinator, THJHA THJH Guest Editor: Laura Baum Activities Assistants: Jim L. Sumner, Valerie J. Howell, Janice C. Williams Copyeditor: Stephen P. Evans
Tar Heel Junior Historian Association (919) 715-0200 North Carolina Museum of History 109 East Jones Street Raleigh, NC 27601
CONTENTS
2 Introduction
3 Competency Goals
4 From the THJH Editor
5 Activities
6 Colonial Games
8 Sports and Recreation in the Slave Community
9 NorthCarolina's Recreation_ on Wheels from 1900 to 1960
11 Estelle Lawson Page: NorthCarolina's Greatest Golfer
12 Eckie Jordan and Eunie Futch
13 A Day in the Life of Ranger Scott
16 UNC's Soccer Dynasty
17 The NorthCarolina Sports Hall of Fame
19 Test Your Vocabulary from the Sports, Recreation, and Leisure Issue
20 Answers
Teacher's Resource Section 25 N.C. DOCU C MENT$ LEARINGHOUSE FEB 6 1995 N.C. STATE LIBRARY RALEGH SPORTS, RECREATION, AND LEISURE ISSUE
Tar Heel Junior Historian, Fall 1994
This edition of the THJH provides an excellent opportunityto involve your entire class in the study of history. Determine the interests of your students and help them find a project to complete. Encourage your students to use video cameras, 35mm cameras, and their abilities to draw, write, or speak to investigate issues concerning sports, recreation, and leisure in North Carolina. Activities in this supplement are focused on North Carolina social studies competency goals for grades four and eight.
You may (1) photocopy and distribute this material to your students or (2) interpret and use the material as you wish. Several "extrabrainpower'' questions are included in the activities.
Encourage discussion of your students' sports, recreation, and leisure activities. Guide and direct the discussion. Contribute elements of your own· activities. We believe that once your students realize that their sports, recreation, and leisure activities are history of the past and history in the making they will have a greater appreciation for this importantpart of our local and state history.
2 Competency Goals
This supplement focuses on the following goals of the North Carolina Competency-Based Curriculum.
Grade Four Goal 1 . The learner will analyze the characteristics of the people of North Carolina. Goal 2. The learner will assess the influence of the major religions, ethical beliefs, and aesthetic values on life in North Carolina. Goal 11. The learner will assess changes in ways of living over time and investigate why and how these changes occurred. Grade Eight Goal 3. The learner will analyze importanteconomic, social, religious, and political aspects of life in colonial NorthAmerica. Goal 11. The learner will judge the continuing significance of social, economic, and political changes since 1945 and draw conclusions about their effect on contemporary life.
3 From the THJH Editor:
Many people assume that historians study only politics, war, and business. They may not know that some historians also study how ordinary people live. One way historians learn about the lives of ordinary people is by studying the sports and recreational activities that people have engaged in.
The conceptual editor of this issue wants students to learn • that sportsand recreation reflect society and can be studied to learn about that society and its people • that sportsand recreation have always played a part in the lives of North Carolinians • that sportsand recreation have evolved over the years • that the North Carolina Museum of History's Sports Hallof Fame exhibit contains artifactsrelating to famous North Carolina sports heroes
4 Activities
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<'-.� '· ._,_ ·; .. · -----�� Colonial Games
1. Define the following terms. Use the dictionary if necessary.
a. leisure time
b. recreation
c. organized sports
2. Brainstorm and make a list of the activities that you do during your leisure time.
3. What games do you play or watch that would be considered organized sports?
4. Play some of the games that were played during the colonial period or make a colonial toy. (Examples of colonial games may be found in the THJH articleand in the Teacher's Resource Section beginning on page 28.)
Extrabrainpower
Interview a parent, grandparent, teacher, or elderly friend. Ask them to share with you the kinds of games they played and their leisure activities when they were your age. Think about questions and have them written out before your interview. Document the interview and present your findings to your class in the form of a video, cassette tape, newspaper feature story, or documentary.
6 5. After reading the article on colonial games, complete the following chart. In the first column is a list of colonial games and toys. Make a check mark in the middle column if these games and toys are still used today. In the last column indicate how these games or toys are different now. The first one has been done as an example.
Colonial games or toys These are still How are they different today? used today Dolls ✓ Plastic, talk, walk, crv Clay Marbles Checkers Hide and Seek Jackstraws Saa Sa Brewa Wooden Animals Cards Horseshoes Hopscotch Dominoes Red Rover Rounders Bowling Batoon and Ball Ntew Horse Racina Chess
7 Sportsand Recreation In the Slave Community
After reading the article on sportsand recreation in the slave community discuss the following:
1. Why was sports and recreation such an important part of slave culture?
2. Discuss patting juba dancing and how it compares to our modern dances. 3. Children who lived in the 1700s and 1800s often played with homemade toys. Using only your imagination and natural resources how would you make a ball to play with? How would you make a doll? As a project, make a ball or a doll like the ones that may have been played with by children in the slave community. (See page 33 in the Teacher's Resource Section for instructions to make a cloth doll like one found at Bennehan Plantation.)
4. In the word search below, find the sportsand recreation activities that were important parts of slave culture.
dancing hunting patting juba throwing contest marbles swimming rounders townball jumping fishing dolls ring games banjo running T D A N C I N G w B J y R D 0 M H X A B V z N G N I p M u J w p R L E w s I s X C K B G T z u 0 0 L y R H X B R A p L u s s u B w A y s T Q E B z D u s T N K E I y I M V C u N 0 R w V D N A F N F K H X J T L p I G E u R Q 0 G L L C G s L 0 M A R B L E s y C T Q N s s J M u s I y T R E w 0 p I K y N I p R u N N I N G u N T B F A N K J H L L A B N w 0 T V X B G N I T N u H K T E 0 A E z C A D F G V B B G K L p p 0 s B R I N G G A M E s 0 Q z B y T
8 NorthCarolina's Recreation on Wheels from 1900 to 1960
1. How did automobiles affect recreation and leisure?
2. What effect did automobiles have on the tourism industry?
3. Did automobiles make travel and tourism more accessible to the middle and working classes? ·How?
4. When did the "Sunday drive" become a form of recreation? What do you think is meant by the term "Sunday drive"? What would be a modern term with the same meaning?
5. Examine how the construction of good roads in North Carolina boosted the travel and tourism industry.
6. Research and report on the history of car racing in NorthCarolina. This could be done as a written report, an oral presentation, or a visual display.
7. Write a report on the history of the Blue Ridge Parkway.
8. Examine the photograph of the 1927 Model T Ford (on page 9 of THJH). Compare and contrast the features of this car to our present-day automobiles. List the changes and similarities.
9. Design a newspaper advertisementto sell a new 1927 Model T Ford.
9 10. Plan an imaginary trip from where you live to one of North Carolina's recreational spots-a trip to the beach, a fishing, camping, or rafting trip, a college football or basketball game, a histo'ric site, or the Blue Ridge Parkway, for example. Use the questions below to help make your plans. Use a road map and other resources to assist you in planning and estimating your trip.
a. What kind of automobile will you use?
b. How many miles will you travel to reach your destination?
c. How long will it take you to get there?
d. What are the highways or state roads you will travel?
e. What counties will you travel through to reach your destination?
f. How long will you stay?
g. If you spend the night, where will you stay?
h. Where will you eat?
i. What are you going to do when you get to your destination?
j. Make a list of items you will need to bring along. This depends on what you are going to be doing. For example, you may want to take a camera, a tent, a fishing rod, or sun block.
Extrabrainpower
Plan a budget for your trip.
a. Figure the cost of gasoline for your car. This will depend on how many miles per gallon you get from your car, the price of gas, and the number of miles you drive.
b. Figure the cost of eating and lodging. You may need to do a little investigative research to find answers to these questions.
c. Estimate as closely as possible the cost of any tickets, souvenirs, or · other activities for your trip.
10 Estelle Lawson Page: North Carolina's Greatest Golfer
After reading the article on Estelle Lawson Page discuss the following:
1 . List the accomplishments of Estelle Lawson Page.
2. How did Estelle Lawson Page encourage other women to play golf or other sports?
3. What influence did Estelle Lawson Page's father have on her?
4. Draw a picture or create a brochure that could be used to promote Estelle Lawson Page's induction as the first woman into the North Carolina Sports Hall of Fame.
5. On the chartbelow contrast Estelle Lawson Page's career as a wife, mother, and professional athlete with the role of a present-day wife or mother.
Page In 1930s and 1940s Todav's woman Did not receive money for winning Father and husband financed career Could not compete in college sports Played golf in a skirt Lived with parents after college Never took professional lessons Cooked supper for family after matches Conformed to society's idea that a woman's olace was in the home Played at a country club only because her father was a member
11 Eckie Jordon and Eunie Futch
After reading the articleon Jordan and Futch discuss the following:
1 . During the 1940s and early 1950s why did most colleges and high schools not have girls' basketball teams?
2. List two benefits of having textile company basketball teams.
3. Give examples of the game rules for the Hanes team and compare them with present-day basketball rules. If you do not know the current rules for girls' basketball you could ask a coach at your school or someone who plays basketball.
4. What opportunitiesdo women basketball players have today that were not available to players like Jordan and Futch?
5. On the chart below check the statements that are true about Jordan or Futch. Some statements may be true for both women.
Statement Jordan Futch Played on Hanes basketball team in Winslon-Salem Great defense player and rebounder Named All-American in 1951 and 1952 Joined Hanes Hosieryteam in 1948 Five foot two inches tall Grew up in Jacksonville, Florida Dead-eve shooter Helped U.S. win women's basketball aold medal in 1955 Member of best women's basketball team in 1950s Tallest member of Hanes Hosierv team Played high school basketball in South Carolina In the North Carolina Sports Hall of Fame
12 A Day in the Life of Ranger Scott
After reading the article on Ranger Scott discuss the following:
1 . How did the North Carolina state parks system get started?
2. Why does the state protect these tracks of land?
3. What is the name of the first state park in North Carolina? Where is it located?
4. How will funding from the bond referendum affect state parks?
5. Design a picture or poster promoting one of North Carolina's state parks.
6. Invite local park rangers to talk to your class about their jobs and parks.
13 7. On the county map locate and label the state parks in North Carolina. Create a title for the map, place north, south, east, and west directional arrows, and make a legend. Be creative and use different colors and designs. You may use a state road map or other resources for this project.
SURRY / STOKES /ROCKINGHAM !CASWELL I PERSON
..J. � 8. On the spokes of the wheel identify activities that you can learn about, see, or do at some of North Carolina's state parks.
Things I can learn about, see, ordo at North Carolinastate parks
15 UNC's Soccer Dynasty
After reading the article on UNC's soccer dynasty discuss the following:
1. Define dynasty. Why do you think the author called the UNC women's soccer team a dynasty?
2. Research and reporton the history of soccer. Present this reportto your class, contribute it your school newspaper, or make a bulletin board display.
3. Attend a local soccer match at your school or in your community and make a report to your class or club.
Extrabrainpower
Compile a scrapbook of newspaper articles about a local community or college soccer team. At the end of the season review their performance and evaluate it for the class.
16 The North Carolina Sports Hall of Fame
After reading the article on the Sports Hall of Fame discuss the following:
1 . What is the North Carolina Sports Hall of Fame?
2. Where is the North Carolina Sports Hallof Fame exhibit located?
3. What kinds of artifacts would you expect to find in a Sports Hallof Fame exhibit?
4. Why do you think it is important to save and preserve sports artifacts?
5. Do you have personal sports-relateditems that you save or keep in a special place? What are they? Why do you keep them?
6. Write a biographical sketch about one or more of the sports figures in the Sports Hall of Fame and present it to the class.
7. As a role-play activity divide the class into "interviewers"and "interviewees." Both groups should research different members of the Sports Hall of Fame and prepare written scripts. The interviewcan be staged as a television sports broadcast or as a television documentary. You may want to video each interview.
17 8. Match the Sports Hall of Fame athlete with the correct sport using the pool of words below. Some words will be used more than once.
baseball car racing basketball track hang gliding skeet shooting football golf
Athlete Sport Jim "Catfish" Hunter KavYow Jim Beattv Buck Leonard Charlie "Choo Choo" Justice Meadowlark Lemon Richard Petty Dean Smith John Havwood Baker Michael Jordan Jack Kino Roman Gabriel Francis Roaallo Junior Johnson Arnold Palmer
Extrabrainpower
Research and reportto your class how someone becomes an inductee into the North Carolina Sports Hall of Fame. Project some North Carolina athletes that you think may some day be included in the Sports Hall of Fame.
18 Test Your Vocabulary from the Sports, Recreation, and Leisure Issue
Write each term from the pool of words on the line next to its meaning. For help, look back at the articles in THJH.
camaraderie ridicule self-worth strenuous Curtis Cup affordable mass production rural self-sufficient par invincible enthusiast
1. ______an object that is reasonably priced
2. ------to be unbeatable 3. ______to laugh at or make fun of 4. ______someone who is strongly interested in a cause, object, or pursuit
5. ______the making of identical items that are made in large quantities, often on an assembly line
6. ______an activity that is physically demanding and can be exhausting
7. ______a feeling of self-respect and confidence 8. ______a golf competition between women from the U.S. and Great Britain
9. ______a feeling of friendly fellowship or companionship 10. ______the countryside, as opposed to an area in a city or town
11. ______able to meet basic needs and live without the help of others
12. ______the number of strokes it should take to play each hole in golf
19 Answers
Colonial Games
1. Definitions a. Time free from work or duties b. Any activity that is not work or duties such as a hobby c. Games that have defined rules and structures that often use high-tech equipment 2. Do activity. 3. Answers will vary. 4. Do activity. Extrabrainpower Do activity. 5. Do activity.
Sports and Recreation in the Slave Community
1. African Americans could demonstrate their physical skills, ridicule whites, and communicate their thoughts and feelings to fellow slaves. They could also interact with each other and nurture their sense of being a family, with common concerns, problems and lifestyles. 2. Answers will vary. 3. Do activity. 4. T D A N C I N G W B J Y R D 0 M H X A B V Z N G N I P M U J WP R L E WS I S X C K B_ GT Z U O O L Y R H X B R A P L U SSUBWAYSTQEBZDU S T N K E I Y I M V C U N O R W V D N A F N F K H X J T L P I GEURQOGLLCGSLO M A R B L E S Y C T Q N S S J MUS I YT RE WOP I KY N I P R U N N I N G U N T B F A N K J H LL AB N WOT V X B G N I T N U H K T E O A E Z C A D F G V B B G K L P P O S B R I N G G A M E S O Q Z B Y T
20 North Carolina's Recreation on Wheels from 1900 to 1960
1. Answers will vary, but should include some of the following: Tourism no longer had to depend on railroads for travel People could travel cheaper and visit places not served by rail People could stay in cabins, campgrounds, mobile parks Travel was easier More tourist attractions developed 2. Need for motels, restaurants, giftshops, gas stations 3. Yes. Answers will vary concerning how. 4. Early 1920s. Today we sometimes use the term "cruising." 5. Answers will vary, but should mention that construction of paved roads improved travel conditions and made automobile travel easier and tourist spots more accessible. 6. Do activity. 7. Do activity. 8. Do activity. 9. Do activity. 10. Answers will vary. Extrabrainpower Do activity.
Estelle Lawson Page: North Carolina's Greatest Golfer
1. Answers will vary but should include some of the following: Won 1937 Women's National Amateur Championship First southerner to win North and South Women's Golf Championship in 1935 and repeated that championship again in 1937, 1939, 1940, 1941, 1944, and 1945 First woman to break seventy in a medal play tournament Won Mid-South Tournament in 1937 and again in 1940 with a score of twenty-four under par Selected best woman golfer in 1937 by GolfMagazine Member of winning 1938 and 1948 Curtis Cup teams Elected president of Carolinas Women's Golf Association in 1941 Founder and first president of North Carolina Women's Golf Association Received Lewis E. Teague Memorial Awards in 1941 and 1944 as Outstanding Female Amateur Athlete in the Carolinas First woman inducted into the North Carolina Sports Hall of Fame in 1963 Inducted into Carolina Golf Hall of Fame in 1981 2. Role model and team player, played for the love of the sport 3. Served as role model and teacher, encouraged her sports skill as a teenager, gave her emotional and financial support 4. Do activity. 5. Answers will vary.
21 Eckie Jordan and Eunie Futch
1. At that time experts believed basketball was too strenuous for women and that women were not interested in sports. 2. Team games gave some favorable publicity to their companies and provided entertainment to company employees at a time when few of them had automobiles or television. 3. Answers will vary. Hanes team rules included: Each team had six players Two always played offense Two played defense Other two players could play offense and defense Four of the twelve players on the court were always resting 4. Answers will vary, but should include: Women play under same rules as men Women can get scholarships for playing on college teams Women's basketball is an Olympic sport
5. Statement Jordan Futch Played on Hanes basketball team in Winston-Salem ✓ ✓ Great defense player and rebounder . ✓ Named All-American in 1951 and 1952 ✓ Joined Hanes Hosieryteam in 1948 ✓ Five foot two inches tall ✓ Grew uo in Jacksonville, Florida ✓ Dead-eye shooter ✓ Helped U.S. win women's basketball aold medal in 1955 ✓ ✓ Member of best women's basketball team in 1950s ✓ ✓ Tallest member of Hanes Hosieryteam ✓ Plaved hiah school basketball in South Carolina ✓ In the North Carolina Sports Hall of Fame ✓ ✓
A Day in the Life of Ranger Scott
1. Early in the twentieth century poor timbering practices alertedcitizens to the devastation of Mt. Mitchell. Citizens contacted Governor Locke Craig who in turn encouraged the General Assembly to establish Mt. Mitchell State Park.
22 2 To protect our state's natural beauty and its plants and animals and to preserve our natural heritage 3. Mt. Mitchell. Yancey County near Asheville 4. Provide new nature trails, build new educational facilities, purchase new park land 5. Do activity. 6. Do activity. 7. See page 27 in THJHfor locations. 8. Answers will vary, but should include camping biking wildlife swimming hiking nature talks boating hang gliding museums picnicking canoeing cabin rentals waterskiing horseback riding . marinas fishing environmental education programs
UNC's Soccer Dynasty
1. A group of people who dominate an activity over a period of time. The UNC women's soccer team is considered a dynasty because of their long standing championship record. 2. Do activity. 3. Do activity. Extrabrainpower Do activity.
The NorthCarolina Sports Hall of Fame
1. The North Carolina Sports Hall of Fame is a private, nonprofit organization that was founded in 1962 for the purpose of recognizing some of the state's important sports figures. 2. The NorthCarolina Sports Hall of Fame exhibit is located at the North Carolina Museum of History in Raleigh. 3. Answers will vary, but may include such artifactsas balls, gloves, helmets, track shoes, trophies, uniforms, typewriters, stopwatches, etc. 4. Answers will vary. 5. Answers will vary. 6. Do activity. 7. Do activity.
23 8. Athlete Sport Jim "Catfish" Hunter Baseball KavYow Basketball Jim Beatty Track Buck Leonard Baseball Charlie "Choo Choo" Justice Football Meadowlark Lemon Basketball Richard Petty Car racino Dean Smith Basketball John Haywood Baker Football Michael Jordan Basketball Jack Kino Skeet shootino Roman Gabriel Football Francis Rooallo Hang alidina Junior Johnson Car racina Arnold Palmer Golf
Extrabrainpower Do activity.
Test Your Vocabulary from the Sports, Recreation, and Leisure Issue
1. affordable 2. invincible 3. ridicule 4. enthusiast 5. mass production 6. strenuous 7. self-worth 8. Curtis Cup 9. camaraderie 10. rural 11 . self-sufficient 12. par
24 Teacher's Resource Section
Books and Periodicals
• ACC Basketball by Ron Morris (Chapel Hill, N.C.: Four Corners Press, 1988) • Arnie: The Evolution of a Legend by Mark H. McCormack (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1967) • The Blue Ridge Parkway by Harley E. Jolley (Knoxville: The University of Tennessee Press, 1969) • Carolina Basketball by Sally Sather (Birmingham, Ala. Menasha Ridge Press, 1987) • Catfish: My Life in Baseball by Jim "Catfish" Hunter (New York: McGraw Hill, 1988) • Choo Choo: The Charlie Justice Story by Bob Quincy and Julian Scheer (Chapel Hill, N.C.: Bentley Company Press, 1958) • Class of the Carolinas by Mike Cheatham (n.p.: Bee Tree, 1992) • Dean Smith: A Biography by Thad Mumau (Winston-Salem, N.C.: John F. Blair, Publisher, 1990) • A Farewellto the King by Frank Vehorn (Asheboro, N.C.: Down Home Press, 1992) • Foxfire 6 edited by Eliot Wigginton (New York: Doubleday, 1975) • A Historyof Sports in North Carolina by Jim Sumner (Raleigh: N.C. Departmentof Cultural Resources, Division of Archives and History, 1990) • Leisure and Entertainmentin America by Donna R. Braden (Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1988) • Meadowlark by Meadowlark Lemon (Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1987) • Separating the Men from the Boys by Jim L. Sumner (Winston-Salem, N.C.: John F. Blair, Publisher, 1994) • Sports in NorthCarolina: A Photographic History by Charlie Harvell (Norfolk, Va. The Donning Company/Publishers, Inc., 1977) • Tar Heel Junior Historian, N.C. Mountains Issue (Spring), ''The Federal Presence: A Big Deal," by Jim Ryan and Ron Holland (Raleigh: N.C. Departmentof Cultural Resources, Division of Archives and History, 1991, 30-32) • Tar Heel Junior Historian, N.C. Mountains Issue (Spring), ''Tourism: On the Road" by Hugh M. Morton(Raleigh: N.C. Departmentof Cultural Resources, Division of Archives and History, 1991, 22-25) • Tar Heel Junior Historian, Sports Issue, (Winter) edited by Betty Mosley (Raleigh: N.C. Departmentof Cultural Resources, Division of Archives and History, 1983)
25 Other Sources
• Information on North Carolina State Parks
Division of State Parks and Recreation P.O. Box 27687 Raleigh, NC 27611 (919) 733-4181
Marti Kane, Lead Interpretation and Educational Specialist Division of State Parks and Recreation Bayleaf Road Raleigh, NC 27614 (919) 846-9991
• "North Carolina Sports Hall of Fame" VHS video - 9 min. (8th grade & up) NorthCarolina Museum of History Audiovisual Loan Service 1 09 East Jones Street Raleigh, NC 27601-2807 (919) 715-0200
Places to Visit
• North Carolina Sports Hallof Fame Exhibition North Carolina Museum of History One Edenton Street Raleigh, NC 27601-2807 (919) 715-0200
• Information and Exhibits on Stock Car Racing
Richard Petty Museum 311 Branson Mill Road Randleman, NC 27317 (910) 495-1143
Charlotte Motor Speedway Hwy 29 P.O. Box 600 Concord, NC 28026 (704) 455-3204
26 • Antique Automobiles 1900 to Present North Carolina Transportation Museum 411 Salisbury Avenue P.O. Box 165 Spencer, NC 28059 (704) 636-2889
• Antique Automobiles and Race Cars (Located next to Charlotte Motor Speedway) Memory Lane Museum 4545 Hwy 29 Harrisburg, NC 28075 (704) 788-9494
• Slave Culture and Plantation Life Somerset Place Rte 1 , Box 337 Creswell, NC 27928 (919) 797-4560
• Merry-go-rounds and Carousels
Burlington City Park Carousel (1910) Department of Parks and Recreation P.O. Box 1358 Burlington, NC 27216 (910) 222-5030
Pullen Park Carousel (1903-1910) 520 Ashe Avenue Raleigh, NC 27606 (919) 831-6468
• Toys and Cherokee Artifacts Mountain Gateway Museum Box 1286 Old Fort, NC 28762 (704) 668-9259
• Information on Stickball and Chungke Museum of the Cherokee Indian Hwy 441 P.O. Box 1599 Cherokee, NC 28719 (704) 497-3481
27 Things to Do
BRAZEN FLY
One person is designated as "it" and is blindfolded. The other players form a circle around him and walks or dances around him chanting
Blind man, blind man, sure you can't see? Turn round three times and tryto catch me. Turn East, turn West, catch as you can. Did you think you caught me? Blind, blind man.
The blind man claps his hands three times, and the circle stops. He points toward the circle. If he points to an empty spot the dance continues. If he points to someone, that person steps into the circle. The blind man tries to tag the chosen one, who must stay in the circle. After he tags, he must name or identify the tagged player. That person may stoop to conceal his height, but must allow the blind man to touch him. If the tagged person's name is not guessed, the blind one remains blind. Otherwisethe tagged person is blindfolded.
LAME FOX AND CHICKENS
In this game, one player is the fox, the rest are chickens. The fox has a hole (base) where he may stand on two feet, but whenever chasing chickens, he must hop on one foot. The lame fox may change from one foot to the other occasionally, but must never put both feet-down at once. Any time a fox stands on both feet, he is required to return to his hole without tagging anyone. The chickens are free to run on both feet. Once a chicken is caught, he returns with the fox to the hole and becomes a lame fox also. The game continues until only one chicken is left. The last chicken becomes the first fox for the next game.
SAA SA BREWA
Players sit on the floor in a circle. Each player is given a wooden block or some object that can be picked up with one hand. All sing together this song and hit the floor continuously with the object to the beat of the song.
Saa sa brewa odehye pass block to the right pick up blockin front of you pass blockto right pick up blockin front of you If a player misses a beat, drops a block, throws a block, or fails to pick it up, she is out of the game. The beat of the song gets continuously faster until only one player remains.
28 HOW TO MAKE A WHIZZER
Supplies needed: 1 piece of string (approximately 18" long) 1 medium-sized musket ball (can be purchased from gun shops) or a flat, two-hole button about the size of a quarter a hammer a nail
1. If you use a musket ball, hammer it until it is flat. Then, use the hammer and nail to punch two holes in the center of the flattened musket ball so that it resembles a button. If you use a button, just follow steps 2 through 4. (Remember that colonial-era buttons were made from materials like antlers and bone, wood, and pewternot plastic.) 2. Pull one end of the string through one of the holes. Take the other end of the string and pull it through the opposite hole. Tie the ends together. 3. Pull the string back through the holes until half the string is on one side of the button and half is on the other side. 4. To work the whizzer, pick up the string with your thumbs and twirl the string several times so that it is twisted. Then move your thumbs in an in-and-out motion. The toy should spin around and make a ''whizzing" sound.
HOW TO MAKE CLAY MARBLES
Supplies needed: a few handfuls of red clay sand a fire
1. For each handful of red clay, mix in about three pinches of sand. Be sure to mix it well or marbles will crack in the fire. 2. Form clay into small balls. 3. Let dry for three days (drying inside works best as it cuts down on humidity). If marbles do not dry completely, they will not fire properly and may explode. 4. When completely dry, set marbles around an open fire until they are warm. Then roll them into the coals. Keep fire going for about an hour. 5. Rake marbles out of the coals and let cool. (You can also just leave them in the coals overnight and rake them out of the ashes the following day.)
29 HOW TO MAKE A MARBLE BAG
1 " 3// Supplies needed: 2 5 /2 x 7 pieces of leather or cloth 3 2 /8" x 20" laces of leather or string knife
1. Cut pieces of leather or cloth into shape shown in diagram. 3 2. Cut four /8" holes across the top of each piece of leather or cloth. 3. Sew pieces together, leaving the top (the side with four holes) open. 4. Weave laces through the holes at the top and tie like a drawstring.
\'(! -- � � i ;(CUt4 -¾J Dll!tvt H�li:. /" i "-..... j 1"0 u O O
cur 2 PIECES
_,. �,.._..___ .5 r',__ Yz "---....:::--►\I
30 GAME OF THE GOOSE
This was the first game in Europe in which players followed a "path" from beginning to end and one of the few board games that allowed more than two players. The following rules were taken from a reproduction of the game printed by Colonial Williamsburg.
Supplies needed: a pair of dice one "man" for each player (Colonial children used fruit seeds for men.) supply of "chips" distributed equally among players (For chips colonial players used small objects like pebbles or straw.) game board
Rules of Play: Everyone pays one chip to a pool before play begins. To begin, each player rolls the dice-the highest roll going first. The player who lands on No. 63 wins the game. When a player's move lands his piece on a goose, he moves double his roll. For example if the first throw is a 5, the goose on that number allows the player to move five more spaces to the No. 10 space. For this extra privilege, one additional chip is paid to the pool. The only exception to this rule is if a player's first roll is a 9. If that occurs, if a 3 and 6 are thrown on a the first roll, the player moves to space No. 26, which has a picture of dice showing 3 and 6. If a 4 and 5 are thrown, the player moves to space No. 53, which pictures dice showing 4 and 5. When a player lands on any other pictures, she pays a penalty. To cross the bridge (No. 6) a toll of one chip is paid. At the alehouse (No. 19) one chip is paid for a mug of ale and the player loses a turn. On the well space (No. 31) one chip is paid and 2 turns are lost. In the maze (No. 42) one chip is paid and the player moves ba9kwards two spaces. When landing in prison (No. 52), the player pays a chip and stays until someone bails him out by landing on the very same spot. On space No. 58, death, the player pays one chip and must startover. If one of the last players lands in prison, or if there are very few players, the person has little chance to get off. Local members of the Society for Creative Anachronism allow a piece to leave prison on a throw of 9 as well as when another piece lands there. The winner must reach space No. 63 by exact count. When the throw is too large, the piece bounces off space No. 63 and moves backward. If a player lands on a goose while moving backward, he moves his roll again, backward! The winning player wins the pool of chips.
31 GAME BOARD FOR GAME OF THE GOOSE
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32 BENNEHAN PLANTATION DOLL·
Supplies needed: a 12" square of fabric (To be authentic, you should use unbleached muslin from a fabric store.) thread to match fabric sewing needle embroidery needle (or a sewing needle with a large eye) straight pins red embroidery floss (You can get this at a fabric store.) 8" length of ¼" red grosgrain ribbon (You can get this at a fabric store.) a disappearing marker (You can get this at a fabric store.) or a red pencil cotton padding unsharpened pencil a 12" square of tissue paper (optional) scissors --- 1/1� BACKSTITCH u OUTLINE STITCH
1 . Cut out doll body pieces from these pages or trace outlines of doll body pieces onto a 12" square of tissue paper. This will be your pattern. 2. Place pattern on top of fabric square. Pin pattern to fabric by placing pins inside solid lines. Do not pin on solid cutting lines. 3. Cut out pieces of doll body by cutting along solid lines. Remove pattern pieces. 4. On fabric, mark doll eyes, nose, and mouth with red pencil (regular pencil will smear onto fabric) or disappearing marker. 5. Thread three strands of embroidery floss through the eye of the embroidery needle (the needle with a larger eye). Embroider the facial features using the outline stitch shown above. 6. Fold head along dotted line, inside out. Use a sewing needle to backstitch (see diagram above) the two sides together. Your seam (or the stitches you sew) should be ¼" from the edge of the cloth. Leave the neck edge open.
• The Bennehan Plantation doll Is on loan to the North Carolina Museum of History from Stagvllle Center In Durham. This pattern was made courtesyof curatorial staff at the North Carolina Museum of History In Raleigh. A special thanks Is extended to Stagvllle Center for granting permission to use the doll for this activity. 33 7. Fold each arm along dotted line, inside out. Backstitch the sides and the hand end together with your seam¼" from the edge of the cloth. Leave the body (or square) edge open. 8. Turn head and arms right side out and pad lightly. Use the eraser end of your pencil to insert padding. Remember, this is a flatdoll, not a fat doll! 9. Place the stuffed head and arm pieces between the front and back body pieces as shown in the drawing below (not the photo of finished doll). Pin these pieces into place. Backstitch all pieces together (the body pieces are stitched right side out) with your seam¼" from the edge of the cloth. Leave the bottom edge open. The edges of the body will remain "raw," or unfinished. 10. Pad body lightly and sew bottom edge closed. 11 . Find the dotted line that crosses body pieces in pattern. Stitch along these lines: across body, below arms. 12. Place ribbon around neck and knot in back. 13. Dress if you wish with clothes made from scrap cloth.
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