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HSCA Final Report: References REFERENCES INTRODUCTION (1) J. McGrain v. Daacgherty, 273 U.S. 137 (1927) . (2) W. Wilson, Congressional Government (Meridian Books, 1963, 1885 ed.), p. 195. (3) See, e.g., 123 Congressional Record E1703 (daily ed. March 22, 1977) . (4r) See 124 Congressional Record H7455 (daily ed. July 27, 1978) (remarks of Chairman Stokes) . (595) 43-112 0 - 79 - 39 1. FINDINGS IN THE ASSASSINATION OF PRESIDENT JOHN F. KENNEDY REFERENCES : INTRODUCTION (1) Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr., "A Thousand Days : John F. Kennedy in the White House" (Boston : Houghton Mifflin Co., 1965), p. 116 (hereinafter "A Thousand Days") . (2) "World Leaders Voice Sympathy and Shock-A Flame Went Out," The New York Times, Nov. 23, 1963, p. 8. (3) Nelson Lichtenstein, ed., Political Profiles : The Kennedy Years (New York : Facts on File, Inc., 1976), p. xvi. (4) See generally, Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress, "History of Presidential Assassinations in the United States Preceding the Assassination of John F. Kennedy," JFK Project No. 7, July 5, 1978, prepared for the committee . (5) See Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress, "An Analysis of Congressional Investigations into the Lincoln Assassination," Nov. 16, 1978. The U.S. House of Representatives authorized two separate investigations into the assassination of President Abraham Lincoln. In the first, established by resolutions passed on Apr. 9 and Apr. 30, 1866, the House Judiciary Committee was directed to determine whether President Jefferson Davis and other officials of the former Confederate government had been involved in the conspiracy to assassinate Lincoln and other leading Federal officials, including Vice President Andrew Johnson, Secretary of State William Seward and General Ulysses S. Grant. The committee was asked to prove or disprove the involvement of the Confederate officials and to report whether special legislation was needed to bring them to trial if they were conspirators . A special committee was formed, chaired by Representative James Wilson. Its most vigorous member, and the author of the final report, was Representative George S. Boutwell. The second investigation was authorized by a resolution, passed July 8, 1867, that established a special House committee to make a comprehensive examina- tion of the facts surrounding the assassination and report its findings and recommendations to the House. It was chaired by Representative Benjamin F. Butler. The committees were established and largely controlled by radical Republi- cans who had grown increasingly alienated from President Andrew Johnson as a result of his lenient treatment of the defeated South. Republican antip- athy culminated in the impeachment trial of President Johnson. The Boutwell committee reported that Confederate President Jefferson Davis probably took steps to implement proposals to assassinate the President. Bout- well could make no stronger statement against Davis given the lack of sub- stantive evidence tying him to an assassination conspiracy. A hoax perpetrated by a key witness had deprived the committee's majority of its case against Davis, and it was unable to set forth a convincing case against him . Representa- tive Andrew Rogers filed a strongly worded minority report that took issue with the majority conclusion, denouncing the indictment of Davis and other Confederate officials as co-conspirators with Booth. The Butler committee, in particular the outgrowth of radical Republican reaction to President Johnson's policy of leniency toward the South, attempted to investigate further allegations linking Confederate officials and others in a conspiracy with assassin John Wilkes Booth. The committee interviewed, among others, convicted conspirators Dr. Samuel A. Mudd, Edward Spangler, and Samuel B. Arnold. It appears that. after December 1867, the Butler com- mittee took no further action. Butler, however, was one of the most vigorous proponents of Johnson's impeachment dulling 1867. His involvement and that of other committee members in the impeachment proceedings may in part explain the committee's failure to continue its work . (597) 598 The Butler committee uncovered little new information on the assassination of President Lincoln and was unable to establish any link between President Johnson and the conspirators . The body of evidence the Butler committee as- sembled argued against the charge that has reemerged on occasion since the 1860's that Andrew Johnson was a participant in, or had knowledge of, the conspiracy to assassinate Abraham Lincoln. (6) See generally, "A Thousand Days" ; and Samuel Eliot Morison, Henry Steele Commager and William E. Leuchtenburg, "The Growth of the American Republic" (New York : Oxford University Press, 197), volumn II, chapter XXX (hereinafter "Growth of the American Republic") . (7) Id., "Growth of the American Republic," at p. 762. (8) "A Thousand Days," p. 635. (9) Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr., "Robert Kennedy and His Times" (Boston : Houghton Mifflin Co., 1978), Chapter 13. (10) Id. at 278. (11) Id. at 281. (12) Ibid. (13) Much of this account of President Kennedy's trip to Texas is based on the testimony of Governor and Mrs. John B. Connally. See testimony of Governor and Mrs. John B. Connally, Sept. 6, 1978, Hearings Before the Select Committee on Assassinations, U.S. House of Representatives, 95th Congress, 2d session (Washington, D.C . : U.S. Government Printing Office, 1979), vol. I, pp . 11-60. (14) "A Thousand Days," p. 755. (15) Id. at98. REFERENCES : SECTION A (1) Report of the President's Commission on the Assassination of President Kennedy (Washington, D.C. : U.S. Government Printing Office, 1964), pp. 18-19 (hereinafter Warren Report) . (2) Id. at 86-92. (3) Ibid. (.¢) Deposition of J. Lee Rankin, Aug. 17, 1978, House Select Committee on Assassinations hearing, pp. 75-78 (JFK Document 014027) (for a copy of the deposition, see "The Warren Commission," staff report, Appendix to the Hearings before the Select Committee on Assassinations, U.S. House of Representatives, 95th Congress, 2d Session (Washington, D.C. : U.S. Government Printing Office, 1979), vol. XI (hereinafter WC report, - Appendix to the HSCA-JFK hear- ings. -)) . (5) Id . at 75. (6) Ibid . (7) Testimony of Robert Groden, Sept. 7, 1978, Hearings before the Select Committee on Assassinations, U.S. House of Representatives, 95th Congress, 2d session (Washington, D.C. : U.S. Government Printing Office, 1979), Volume I, p. 99 (hereinafter Groden testimony, - HSCA-JFK hearings, -) . (8) Ibid . (9) JFK Document 002498. (10) Report to the President by the Commission on Central Intelligence Activi- ties within the United States (Washington, D.C. : U.S. Government Printing Office, 1975) . (11) I HSCA-JFK hearings, 145. (12) Testimony of Michael Baden, Sept. 7, 1978, I HSCA-JFK hearings, 185 (hereinafter Baden testimony) . (13) Report of the Forensic Pathology Panel, in "Report on the Medical Evi- dence and Related Issues Pertaining to the Assassination of President John F. Kennedy," report VII Appendix to the HSCA-JFK hearings (hereinafter foren- sic pathology report) . (1.¢) Id. at 151ff. (15) Report of Photographic Evidence Panel, VI Appendix to the HSCA-JFK hearings, para. 512-610 (hereinafter photographic evidence report) . (16) Forensic pathology report, para. 181ff. (17) Photographic evidence report . para. 512-610 . (18) See JFK Exhibit F-19, I HSCA-JFK hearings, 182, and forensic pa- thology report, para . 205-235 . (19) Id., forensic pathology report, at 461-557 . 599 (20) Testimony of Larry Sturdivan, Sept. 8, 1978, I HSCA-JFK hearings, 383ff. (21) Id.at414-416. (22) JFK exhibit F-309, I HSCA-JFK hearings, 416. (23) Forensic pathology report, para. 363-414 . (24) Ibid. (25) Id. at 415-460. (26) Ibid. ; see also 364-376 and Addendum G. (27) Ibid. (28) Compare dissenting views of Dr. Cyril H. Wecht, id. at 558ff. (29) Warren Report, pp. 97-109. (30) Id. at 105. (31) Id. at 97. (32) Id. at 19 . (33) Testimony of Dr. Vincent P. Guinn, Sept. 8, 1978, I HSCA-JFK hearings, 491ff. (hereinafter Guinn testimony) . There are differences in the count and weight of the materials examined by the FBI and Dr. Guinn. This is attributable to the character of the FBI tests and to the fact that the Bureau disposed of the samples examined after the tests. (34) Warren Report, pp. 79-81. (35) See, e.g., Mark Lane, "Rush to Judgment" (New York : Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1966), p. 80. (36) Guinn testimony, p. 533. (37) Sturdivan testimony, pp. 407-412, 420-424 ; see also testimony of Dr. Cyril H. Wecht, Sept. 7, 1978, I HSCA-JFK hearings, 350-352 (hereinafter Wecht testimony) . (38) Id., Sturdivan testimony, at 395. (39) Id., Sturdivan testimony, 407-412, 420-424, and Baden testimony, 298 . (40) JFK exhibit F-331, I HSCA-JFK hearings, 533. (41) Ibid . (42) Photographic evidence report, para. 52ff. (43) Id. at 57-80. (44) Ibid . (45) Ibid . (46) Id. at 156ff. (47) Id. at 95-103, inter alia . (48) Testimony of Dr. James Barger, Professor Mark Weiss and Ernest Aschkenasy, Dec. 29, 1978, V HSCA-JFK hearings, 645ff., 555ff., and 556ff. re- spectively (hereinafter Barger, Weiss, or Aschkenasy testimony). (49) See memorandum of Chief Counsel G. Robert Blakey, V HSCA-JFK hearings, 723ff. (50) Report of Dr. William K. Hartmann and Dr. Frank Scott, in the photo- graphic evidence report, para. 92-103. (51) Warren Report, p. 18. (52) Ibid., pp. 18-19. (53) Forensic pathology report, para. 461ff. (54) Photographic evidence report, para.110-168. (55) Testimony of Thomas Canning, Sept. 12, 1978, II HSCA-JFK hearings, 161 . (56) Id. at 161-179. (57) Id. at 179-191 . (58) Photographic evidence report, para . 127-168 . (59) Ibid . (60) Id. at 272-287. (61) Ibid . (62) Id. at 247-251 . (63), Id. at 257-271 . (64) Id. at 247-251 . (65) See letter of Charles Leontis (JFK document 014205) . (66) JFK documents 014744 and 014833. (67) Testimony of Luke Mooney, hearings before the President's Commission on the Assassination of President Kennedy (Washington, D.C. : U.S .
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