DOCSLIB.ORG

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study Global

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study Global CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study Global economic issues such as unemployment, low income levels, unequitable distribution of resources, forced marriage, family breakdown, lack of education, peer influence have forced a lot of people to move from their places of origin; mostly rural areas to major cities instead of staying with their loved ones (Van den Berg, 2007). Also, De Han (2006), cited in Hujismans (2012) explains that, migration has become part of people’s lives especially the young people who are mostly in search of greener pastures. In Ghana, the high poverty levels in the northern parts of the country, that is, the Upper West, Upper East and Northern Regions, compel girls and women to migrate to the southern parts, mostly to the capital cities like Accra and Kumasi, to engage in the “Kaya business” (Boateng & Korang-Okrah, 2013). “Kaya business” in this study refers to the act of carrying load on the head for a fee. Most of the girls and women who engage in head porterage (Kaya business) are mainly from the Commented [A1]: Your paragraphs need to be clearly indicated0. You either indent on the left, using the ‘Tab’ key, Mamprusi, Gonja, Kotokoli, Mossi, Frafra, Bimoba, and Dagomba ethnic groups which are all or you space out by pressing the ‘enter’ button once. located in the Northern parts of Ghana, with a few of the Kayayei from Burkina Faso and Togo (UNFDP Evidence and Action Report, (2006-2011); Opare (2003) and Ziblim (2013). Also, Agarwal et al (1994) and Opare (2003) assert that, most of these female migrants who travel down south and to the middle belts are young ladies who are mostly between the ages of 10 and 35 and have limited or no formal education. As a result of this little or no formal education, these female migrants have no prospects of gaining employment in the formal sector at the cities (Yeboah & Appiah- Yeboah, 2009), and as such engage in the Kaya business as a means of earning income. However, Agarwal et al (1994) state that, the Kayayei see the Kaya business as short term business 1 to accumulate enough money to enter into other profitable ventures in the future. According to Opare (2003), some Kayayei engage in the Kaya business to acquire possessions like utensils, clothes in the preparations towards marriage while others save money to enable them undergo apprenticeship in hair dressing or dress making. Additionally, some Kayayei want to earn, save and send remittances to their families back home as Tanle (2007); Boateng & Korang- Okrah (2013) and Alfers (2013) mention that, the Kayayei usually leave behind relatives like husbands, children and parents in their hometowns. When the female migrants arrive at the urban areas to become Kayayei, most of them do not have any relations at the urban areas to support them financially. This leads them to settle in slum areas where accommodation comes at a cheap cost and of poor quality (Tufuor, 2009). Securing such cheap accommodation is one of the survival strategies employed by the Kayayei in the quest to spend little and save more money Agarwal et al (1994). However, such cheap accommodation in slum areas among other lifestyle practices such as poor hygiene have a negative impact on the health of the Kayayei. The Kayayei migratory vulnerabilities like accommodation in slum areas, harsh working conditions among other factors leave them exposed to occupational hazards (primarily back pain and headaches), sexual violence and hygiene/sanitation-related illness such as diarrhoea and malaria. 1.2 Statement of Problem Despite the fact that Kaya business serves as a source of income for most female migrants from Northern Ghana, (Agarwal et al (1994) and Tanle (2007), the activity exposes (Kayayei) to various health conditions like diarrhoea, malaria and Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs). Researchers like Opare (2003); Kwankye et al (2007) and Ziblim (2013) have noted that, various lifestyle 2 practices such as spending nights in the open and at market centers, eating from unhygienic places which forms part of their environment heightens the Kayayei’s risk to some of these health problems mentioned above. Also, the District and Analytical Report of La Nkwantanang-Madina Municipal (2014) concludes that, liquid and solid waste is improperly disposed in the municipality. This has severe health implications for the Kayayei in the Madina municipality as they are exposed to these unsanitary conditions. The health of Kayayei is a concern since it contributes to determining their ability to make ends meet and honour the major reason for migrating to the cities which is to seek greener pastures. This is because without a stable mind and body, the Kayayei will not be in a position to perform any of their daily tasks of carrying luggage and goods for people, which Agarwal et al (1994) observed has become an important aspect of the transport business usually at market centres. Though some research has been done on Head Porterage, only a few of these works like Adams (2012) and Ziblim (2013) are specific to the health of female head porters (Kayayei). Furthermore, some effort have been made by governments and some Organizations to help resolve some of these health related concerns. These efforts include the National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) which was established in 2004 to provide affordable health care. Also, Non-Governmental Organizations (NGO) like United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) and Society for Women against AIDS in Africa (SWAA) have trained and educated some Kayayei on Sexual and Reproductive Health issues. (Ghana News Agency, 5th November, 2013). However, most Kayayei are still are challenged with various health conditions as Van den Berg (2007) and Alfers (2013) have noted that, some Kayayei are unable to afford the NHIS premium, which means they cannot benefit from the NHIS. Alfers (2013) further argues that, apart from the Kayayei inability to pay the NHIS premium, most Kayayei complain that, the NHIS does not work when used in accessing health 3 care. Regardless of the above mentioned efforts put in place by government and some NGOs, the health problems of Kayayei continue to persist. 1.3 Research Objectives The general objective of this study is to examine the health related concerns of Female Head Porters (Kayayei) in Madina. The specific objectives of this study are as follows; 1. To find out the factors that make Kayayei in Madina prone to health problems. 2. To find out the health seeking behaviours of Kayayei in Madina. 3. To find out the challenges faced by Kayayei in Madina when seeking health care. 1.4 Research Questions 1. What factors make Kayayei in Madina Market prone to health problems? 2. What are the health seeking behaviours of Kayayei in Madina? 3. What challenges do Kayayei in Madina face when seeking health care? 1.5 Rationale of the Study Female head porters (Kayayei) are a major disadvantaged group who are vulnerable to various health issues like STIs, Diarrhoea among others. However, Van den Berg (2007); Adams (2012) and Alfers (2013) have noted that, many Kayayei are unable to pay for the NHIS premium to access health services at various clinics and hospitals. The researcher therefore sought to delve into the health related issues of Kayayei in Madina and make some recommendations for possible intervention by individuals, groups and Organizations. 4 1.6 Significance of the Study This study will provide more insight into the lives of Kayayei in relation to the factors that make them prone to various health issues and their health seeking behaviours. The available literature on this topic like Adams (2012) and Ziblim (2013) is scanty, therefore this study is intended to add on to the information available on this topic. This study will also serve as a guide to policy makers and stakeholders when making decisions concerning the health issues of Kayayei. 1.7 Definition of Concepts Kayayei: Kayayoo is a name given to a girl or woman who works as a head porter in market places. (UNFPA, Evidence and Action report 2006-2011). According to Agarwal et al (1994) and Opare (2003), Kaya means luggage/loads or goods in the Hausa language and “yoo” (a singular noun in the Ga language meaning female) has its plural form as “yei” (that is, ‘females’). Therefore the literal meaning of Kayayoo is a woman who carries loads. Health according to the World Health Organization (WHO) is the complete state of physical, social and mental wellbeing, and not mainly the absence of disease and infirmity. 1.8 Organization of the Study This study is organized in five chapters. The first chapter focuses on the introduction of the entire study. The background of the study, statement of the problem, the location of the study, objectives of the research, research questions, rationale for the study, significance of the study, definition of terms and concepts will be discussed. The second chapter reviews available literature in connection with the research topic. The third chapter deals with research methods which include the design to be used, target population, study population, sampling unit, sampling design. The size of the sample, methods of data collection, data handling and analysis and the ethical consideration of the 5 study. Chapter Four presents the findings based on data gathered and analyzed by the researcher. It also discusses findings in relation to the objectives of the study. Chapter five focuses on summary, conclusion and recommendations of the study. 6 CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Introduction In this chapter, available literature in relation to the study is reviewed. The researcher will consider other core areas related to head porterage, such as; reasons why females migrate and the opportunities at the urban areas, the “Kaya Business”, Reasons for Engaging in Head Porterage amidst Other Informal Sectors Jobs.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Tomato Industry in Ghana Today: Traders' Perspective
    THE TOMATO INDUSTRY IN GHANA TODAY: TRADERS’ PERSPECTIVE The Ghana National Tomato Traders and Transporters Association (GNTTTA) is a key informal economy player in Ghana. It is also a key player in regional integration because of its trade links with Togo, Benin and Burkina Faso, as well as the consequent massive flow of people and resources among players, partners and participating States, in line with ECOWAS protocols. The Association is predominantly female. Partnered by its transport wing, which is strategically located in Kumasi, buyers use the services of cargo truck drivers owned by Ghanaian transporters to buy from farm gates in Ghana during the rain-fed period from June 15 to December 15. From December 15 to May 30, the lean season/cross border trade takes place, with supplies coming from farm gates in Burkina Faso and the Upper East. The Upper East harvest periods run from December 15 to March 15, whilst production by Burkinabe producers run from the same period in December beyond May 15. In fact, this year, Burkina Faso stepped up production up to June 30. Regrettably, since 2006, supplies from the Upper East have been running low, until last year, when the Region failed to supply even a single crate to the GNTTTA market, owing to production and marketing challenges. This is in spite of a DFID UK intervention to step into SADA’s shoes and revamp production in SADA Zones nationwide and a media campaigns in that regard. Consequently, they have switched to soya, rice, maize etc. For the local trade, the GNTTTA collects its supplies for the various markets in Ghana from farm gates in Nsawam, Suhum and communities in the Fanteakwa District, also in the Eastern Region.
    [Show full text]
  • The Competency Based Training (Cbt)
    THE COMPETENCY BASED TRAINING (CBT) CONCEPT OF TEACHING AND LEARNING IN THE TECHNICAL UNIVERSITIES IN GHANA: CHALLENGES AND THE WAY FORWARD Prince Charles Acquaha, Elijah Boadu Frimpongb, Julius Kwame Borkloec abc Kumasi Technical University, P. O. Box 854, Kumasi, Ghana Corresponding email: [email protected] Abstract Competency Based Training (CBT) concept of teaching and learning introduced in the technical universities in Ghana has proven to be a very important educational programme in the technical and vocational education in Ghana. It has greatly improved the employability skills of graduates from the technical universities who have gone through this training and it is also helping to address the shortage of skilled and competent workforce needed in the country. In spite of its importance and prospects, there are some challenges in the CBT implementation that require urgent attention. This paper therefore seeks to address these challenges in the CBT concept. Twenty-five (25) academic staff across eight (8) out of the ten (10) technical universities in Ghana were interviewed. The findings revealed that inadequate funding, lack of infrastructural support and lack of policy guidelines and institutional support are the major challenges in the implementation process. The paper discusses these challenges and concludes with some recommendations that would help to improve the CBT concept of teaching and learning in technical universities in particular and the technical and the vocational education in Ghana in general. Keywords: Competency Based Training, Technical University, Ghana Education, CBT Challenges. 1. Introduction The polytechnic education in Ghana has gone through many transformational changes since its establishment in the early sixties (1960s), all with the aim of addressing deficiencies identified in the system.
    [Show full text]
  • 20727 Report
    AA CivilCivil SocietySociety ForumForum forfor AnglophoneAnglophone WestWest AfricaAfrica onon PromotingPromoting andand ProtectingProtecting thethe RightsRights ofof StreetStreet ChildrenChildren 21-24 October 2003 - Accra, Ghana 00Organised by Consortium for Street Children In partnership with Street Child Africa (SCA) and Catholic Action for Street Children (CAS) Working collaboratively with its members, the Consortium for Street Children (CSC) co-ordinates a network for distributing information and sharing expertise around the world. Representing the voice of many, we speak as one for the rights of street children wherever they may be. Formed in 1993, the Consortium for Street Children (CSC) is a network of non-governmental organisations, which work with street-living children, street working children, and children at risk of taking to life on the streets. CSC’s work is firmly rooted in the standards enshrined in the 1989 UN Convention on the Rights of the Child. Its efforts are focused on building its member agencies’ capacity to work with street children and on advocacy in the areas of child rights, poverty alleviation and social exclusion. Acknowledgements Consortium for Street Children (CSC) wishes to thank our donors: Comic Relief (UK) and Plan Netherlands, and our partners: Commonwealth Foundation (UK), the Foreign & Commonwealth Office (FCO) of the British High Commission and Plan Ghana, for supporting participants to attend the forum. We extend our appreciation to Catholic Action for Street Children (CAS) for organising and facilitating the field study during the forum and for providing the valuable opportunity for all participants to have first hand experience of street work in Accra, Ghana. Our thanks also go to Taysec Gh.
    [Show full text]
  • Ghana MINIMAL ADVANCEMENT in 2019, Ghana Made a Minimal Advancement in Efforts to Eliminate the Worst Forms of Child Labor
    Ghana MINIMAL ADVANCEMENT In 2019, Ghana made a minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government committed to use the Trafficking in Persons Information System developed by the International Organization for Migration to improve case tracking and inter-ministerial coordinated responses. However, children in Ghana continue to engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in fishing and cocoa harvesting, each sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Prohibitions related to the commercial sexual exploitation of children do not meet international standards as the use of children in pornographic performances is not criminally prohibited, and the law also does not prohibit the use of children for illicit activities, including for the production and trafficking of drugs. Additionally, the government has not acceded to the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child Optional Protocol on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography, and resource constraints severely limited the government’s abilities to adequately enforce labor laws and implement social programs during the reporting period. I. PREVALENCE AND SECTORAL DISTRIBUTION OF CHILD LABOR Children in Ghana engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in fishing and cocoa harvesting, each sometimes as a result of human trafficking. (1,2) Table 1 provides key indicators on children’s work and education in Ghana. Figure 1. Working Children by Sector, Table 1. Statistics on Children’s Work and Ages 5-14 Education Children Age Percent Services Working (% and population) 5 to 14 13.0 (927,591) 17.6% Attending School (%) 5 to 14 89.9 Industry Combining Work and School (%) 7 to 14 13.2 3.7% Primary Completion Rate (%) N/A 93.8 Source for primary completion rate: Data from 2018, published by UNESCO Institute Agriculture for Statistics, 2020.
    [Show full text]
  • Relevance of Social Studies Education in the Technical School Programme: a Survey of Kumasi Technical Institute in Ghana
    Journal of Education & Social Policy Vol. 7, No. 1, March 2020 doi:10.30845/jesp.v7n1p9 Relevance of Social Studies Education in the Technical School Programme: A Survey of Kumasi Technical Institute in Ghana Christiana Kudawe Wesley College of Education Kumasi Samuel Nyamekye Otchere Methodist College of Education, Akim Asene Aboabo-Oda James Badu Afari Agogo Presbyterian Women‟s University College of Education Abstract Social Studies, as an academic subject, was introduced into the school curriculum at the Junior and Senior Secondary levels to prepare students for responsible citizenship. In spite of this ambition, it was not taught in technical schools because their programmes were trade-oriented and little attention was given to liberal education. It was however introduced after the Anamuah-Mensah review. With this background, this study sought to ascertain the relevance of Social Studies Education in the technical schools’ programme in the quest to train socially-aware and competent citizens. Specifically, the study explored the relevance of its content in preparing good and effective citizens in technical schools and ways for improving the relevance of Social Studies Education in the technical schools’ programme. The study found that Social Studies Education helps students learn about societal values, interact with people and makes them aware of what is going on in the society. As a way of improving the quality and effectiveness of Social Studies at the technical schools, the study suggested increase in the teaching periods for Social Studies, improvements in the methods used in teaching Social Studies and the institution of regular in-service training programmes for Social Studies teachers.
    [Show full text]
  • University of Cape Coast the Development Of
    UNIVERSITY OF CAPE COAST THE DEVELOPMENT OF ARCHITECTURE IN KUMASE, 1874-1960. BY TONY YEBOAH Thesis submitted to the Department of History, of the College of Humanities and Legal Studies, University of Cape Coast in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of Master of Philosophy degree in History. MARCH 2017 Digitized by UCC, Library DECLARATION Candidate’s Declaration I hereby declare that this study is the result of my own original research and that no part of it has been presented for another degree in this University or elsewhere. Signature……………………… Date…………………... Candidate’s Name: Tony Yeboah Supervisors’ Declaration We hereby declare that the preparation and presentation of the thesis were supervised in accordance with the guidelines on supervision of thesis laid down by the University of Cape Coast Signature:………………………….Date:…………………... Principal Supervisor’s Name: Prof. De-Valera N.Y.M. Botchway Co-Supervisor’s Name: Dr. Collins AdjeiMensah Signature:…………………………..Date:……………………. ii Digitized by UCC, Library ABSTRACT This thesis examines the development of architecture in Kumase from 1874 to 1960. In other words, the study focuses on the rebuilding of the built environment of Kumase from 1874 to 1960. Using qualitative evaluation of archival documents, interviews with Asante chiefs, owners of houses, heads of families, trustees of households etc., and some secondary sources of historical information, this work discusses the traditional architecture of Kumase and, how the British colonial government and its agents joined forces with the Asante political authorities and the entire citizenry to architecturally reconstruct the city. The collaboration between the local people and the Europeans produced striking alterations within the built space of Kumase.
    [Show full text]
  • LJH Vol. 29 Issue 1
    Ansah, G. N./ Legon Journal of the Humanities 29.1 (2018) DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ljh.v29i1.3 Acculturation and integration: Language dynamics in the rural north-urban south mobility situation in Ghana Gladys Nyarko Ansah Senior Lecturer Department of English University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] Submitted: November 13, 2017/Accepted: March 20, 2018/Published: June 8, 2018 Abstract This paper examines the role acculturation plays in the acquisition of Akan as L2 among young female migrants of northern Ghana origin (Kayayei), in their host communities in the south. While the literature is replete with studies on the migration of Kayayei to urban markets in the south, many of these studies are concerned with either sociological factors or economic ones or even health. Very little research has focused on the linguistic dimension of rural-urban migration in Ghana. Under the basic assumptions of Schumann’s Acculturation Model, a socio-psychological model of L2 learning, this paper employs mixed methods (structured interviews, participant observation) to investigate Akan as L2 acquisition among Kayayei in three highly multilingual urban markets in Ghana. The analysis of the data revealed that whereas social dominance patterns do not seem to aff ect acculturation among Kayayei in Akan acquisition and use in the selected urban markets, other social and psychological factors, e.g. size of immigrant group, residence, and length of period of stay/hope of return to home origin which tend to result in limited/full integration, do. The fi ndings of this paper resonate with Hammer’s (2017) fi nding about the relationship between sociocultural integration of migrants and the extent of their use of L2, i.e., that L2 learners with higher levels of acculturation tend to have higher levels of profi ciency in the L2.
    [Show full text]
  • Final News on Wibsite 20.Cdr
    Kumasi Technical University (KsTU) Centre of Excellence for Tertiary Level Training in Technical and Professional Human Resource with Entrepreneurial Skills. 1st Edition Volume 1 April 2020 www.kstu.edu.gh KUMASI TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY Page MANUFACTURES 2 FOOT-OPERATED HAND WASHING MACHINE KUMASI TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY PRODUCES AND DISTRIBUTES HAND SANITIZERS AND EDUCATIONAL NEW VICE-CHANCELLOR INDUCTED INTO OFFICE AT KUMASI Story MATERIALS FOR FREE on TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY (KsTU) Page Page 4 6 Vol. 1 Newsletter 1 Centre of Excellence for Tertiary Level Training in Technical and Professional KsTU NEWSLETTER Human Resource with Entrepreneurial Skills. KUMASI TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY MANUFACTURES FOOT-OPERATED HAND WASHING MACHINE The COVID-19 pandemic has made people all It is the determination of KsTU to produce over the world thinking including various an initial number of ten (10) of the organisations. Educational Institutions and equipment to be distributed to some various research centers are doing everything selected organisations, educational in their power to proffer solution and various institutions as well as other public places strategies to curtail the spread of the COVID-19 for use. As an educational institution, KsTU so as to contain it. Kumasi Technical University will continue to conduct research towards (KsTU) on its part has been making frantic efforts dealing with the pandemic and other in its quest to help deal with the situation. The societal challenges through its various latest invention of the University to help deal faculties such as Pharmaceutical Sciences, with COVID-19 is the development of a Foot- Engineering and Technology, Creative Arts Operated Hand Washing Machine (FOHWAM). and Technology among others.
    [Show full text]
  • His Excellency John Evans Atta Mills, President of the Republic of Ghana 2009
    HIS EXCELLENCY JOHN EVANS ATTA MILLS, PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF GHANA 2009 Madam Speaker, Thank you for receiving me in this august House to present my first State of the Nation address to Parliament as President of the Republic of Ghana. Madam Speaker, As the first Lady Speaker of Parliament, you occupy a unique position in our Nation‟s history. It is a position of which you and indeed all women of Ghana should be justifiably proud. You exemplify the fulfillment of my wish to see Ghanaian women rise to assume even more prominent positions in our land. I wish you well Madam. I greet you Honourable Members of both sides of the House, new members as well as returning members. Together you constitute a blend of experience and new perspectives that should inure to the benefit of this House. The measure of the accomplishments of this House must be the degree to which its results benefit the Nation. Ghana expects that you will work in the National Interest. In a real sense your work meets expectations only to the extent that it helps us build A Better Ghana. Madam Speaker, Last December, the People of Ghana sat in judgment and ruled in favour of the NDC and our agenda for A Better Ghana. And so I remind my Brothers and Sisters of the Majority in this House of our obligation to keep faith with the people at all times. We should never forget the men and women whose worries stretch from pay day to pay day. I extend a hand of friendship to our brothers and sisters of the Minority.
    [Show full text]
  • The Demise of Latew President, Prof. John Evans Atta-Mills Message Of
    GHANCY GHANA NATIONAL NGOs COALITION FOR YOUTH National Secretariat Post Office Box AS 549; Asawase. Kumasi. Ashanti Region; Ghana. Tel/Mob:+233-258594570 / +233-236650248/+233-244939121/ e-mail: [email protected] Location: MFCS (NGO) Office- Asawase Community Center, Focus : Sustainable Youth Empowerment(SYE);Positive Youth Development (PYD) Productive Youth Enterprises/Employment ( PYE) ;Appropriate Youth Citizenship(AYC) 5th August, 2012 The Chairman; Funeral Planning Committee; Late President Atta-Mills. State House Accra Thru; The Minister for Information; Ministry of Information. Accra. 5th/ August/ 2012 Dear Sir; THE DEMISE OF LATEW PRESIDENT, PROF. JOHN EVANS ATTA-MILLS MESSAGE OF CONDOLENCE AND TRIBUTE We deem it a matter of concern to inform the President, His Excellency John Drayman Mahama, the Funeral Committee of the Late President, the Bereaved Family and the Widow, Mrs., Dr, Naadu Mills and entire Ghanaians of the following: 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY INTRODUCTION OF ORGANIZATION: a) Nature: The Ghana National NGOs Coalition for Youth (GHANCY) is a legally registered umbrella Civil Society Organization (CSO) which is made up of a number of individual Civil Society Organizations-principally Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), and Community-Based Organizations (CBOs)-some of which have been formed and led by young-women and young-men. 2. MESSAGE OF CONDOLENCE: On behalf of the leadership and the entire membership of the Ghana National NGOs Coalition for Youth (GHANCY) I convey to the President of the Republic of Ghana, His Excellency John Dramani Mahama, the widow of the Late President, Mrs. Dr. Naadu Mills, the Family of the late President, the Ekumfi Traditional Council, the National Democratic Congress and the good people of Ghana, our heart-felt condolences, and to express our deep sorrow and shock on the sudden and untimely death of our President, John Evans Atta-Mills.
    [Show full text]
  • Examining the Gendered Norms and Practices Affecting Girls Education the Northern Region of Ghana
    Examining the Gendered Norms and Practices Affecting Girls Education the Northern Region of Ghana A Research Paper presented by: Vida Owusu (Ghana) in partial fulfilment of the requirements for obtaining the degree of MASTER OF ARTS IN DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Major: Human Rights, Gender and Conflict Studies: Social Justice Perspective (SJP) Members of the Examining Committee: Dr. Nahada Shahada Dr. Rachel Kurian The Hague, The Netherlands December 2013 ii Dedication To my future husband and unborn children, that I had to put you all on hold to pursue this. iii Acknowledgements My ‘adventure’ to ISS is one of the many miracles the Almighty God performs in my life every day. I am deeply overwhelmed with His many blessings and the great opportunity to study at this great institution. I thank Him for the Grace, Mercy and Favour that has brought me this far and all the wonderful people who came my way, who I consider blessings every day. My greatest fear as I write this is that I may not be able to mention each and every one who has helped me one way or another throughout this journey, if that happens know that I deeply appreciate you all and that I will be forgiven. To my supervisor, Dr. Nahada Shahada who saw how good a student I was, but due to my shortcomings was sometimes frustrated with me. In all you nev- er gave up on me, but rather encouraged, coached and directed me to this end. Am really grateful for your motherly love towards me. To my second reader Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • National Council for Tertiary Education Statistical Report on Tertiary Education for 2016/2017 Academic Year
    NATIONAL COUNCIL FOR TERTIARY EDUCATION STATISTICAL REPORT ON TERTIARY EDUCATION FOR 2016/2017 ACADEMIC YEAR Research, Planning and Policy Development (RPPD) Department i Published by National Council for Tertiary Education P O Box MB 28 Accra © National Council for Tertiary Education 2018 Office Location Tertiary Education Complex Off the Trinity College Road Bawaleshie, East Legon Accra Tel: + 233 (0) 0209989429 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.ncte.edu.gh ii TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES v LIST OF FIGURES vi LIST OF ACRONYMS viii INTRODUCTION 1 METHODOLOGY 2 1. SUMMARY OF ALL TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS 3 1.1 ENROLMENT 3 1.2 GROSS ENROLMENT RATIO (GER) 4 1.3 GENDER PARITY INDEX (GPI) 5 1.4 NUMBER OF STUDENTS IN TERTIARY EDUCATION PER 100,000 INHABITANTS 6 1.5 ENROLMENT IN SCIENCE AND ARTS RELATED PROGRAMMES 6 2. PUBLIC FUNDED UNIVERSITIES 7 2.1 ADMISSIONS INTO FULL-TIME (REGULAR) STUDY 7 2.2 FULL-TIME (REGULAR) STUDENTS’ ENROLMENT 8 2.3 FULL-TIME (REGULAR) POSTGRADUATE STUDENT ENROLMENT 9 2.4 FULL-TIME ENROLMENT IN SCIENCE AND ARTS RELATED PROGRAMMES 9 2.5 ENROLMENT OF INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS 10 2.6 FULL-TIME (REGULAR) ENROLMENT OF FEE-PAYING STUDENTS 11 2.7 FULL-TIME (TEACHING) ACADEMIC STAFF 11 2.8 STUDENT-TEACHER RATIO 12 2.9 GRADUATE OUTPUT 12 2.10 STUDENT ENROLMENTS IN DISTANCE AND SANDWICH PROGRAMMES 13 3. TECHNICAL UNIVERSITIES AND POLYTECHNICS 14 3.1 ADMISSIONS IN TECHNICAL UNIVERSITIES AND POLYTECHNICS 14 3.2 ENROLMENT IN THE TECHNICAL UNIVERSITIES AND POLYTECHNICS 14 3.3 STUDENT ENROLMENT IN SCIENCE AND ARTS RELATED PROGRAMMES 16 3.4 INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS 16 3.5 ACADEMIC STAFF 17 3.6 STUDENT-TEACHER RATIOS 17 3.7 GRADUATE OUTPUT 18 4.
    [Show full text]