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Samuel Wilderspin and the Infant School Movement ROUTLEDGE LIBRARY EDITIONS: EDUCATION 1800–1926 Volume 11 SAMUEL WILDERSPIN AND THE INFANT SCHOOL MOVEMENT SAMUEL WILDERSPIN AND THE INFANT SCHOOL MOVEMENT PHILLIP MCCANN AND FRANCIS A. YOUNG First published in 1982 by Croom Helm Ltd This edition first published in 2017 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN and by Routledge 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 1982 Phillip McCann and Francis A. Young All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN: 978-1-138-22412-4 (Set) ISBN: 978-1-315-40302-1 (Set) (ebk) ISBN: 978-1-138-21970-0 (Volume 11) (hbk) ISBN: 978-1-315-41469-0 (Volume 11) (ebk) Publisher’s Note The publisher has gone to great lengths to ensure the quality of this reprint but points out that some imperfections in the original copies may be apparent. Disclaimer The publisher has made every effort to trace copyright holders and would welcome correspondence from those they have been unable to trace. SamuelWilderspin and the Infant School Movement PHILLIP McCANN AND FRANCIS A. YOUNG qp CROOM HELM London & Canberra © 1982 Phillip McCann and Francis A. Young Croom Helm Ltd, Provident House, Burrell Row, Beckenham, Kent BR3 lAT British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data McCann, Phillip Samuel Wilderspin and the infant school movement. 1. Wilderspin, Samuel 2. Education, Elementary - Great Britain I. Title II. Young, Francis A. 372.941 LA633 ISBN 0-7099-2903-X Printed and bound in Great Britain by Biddies Ltd, Guildford and King's Lynn CONTENTS illustrations Preface Abbreviations Introduction Chapter 1: Early Influences: Nature and the New Church 1 Chapter 2: Spitalfields Infant School 15 Chapter 3: The English Infant School: Buchanan and Owen 31 Chapter 4: The English Infant School: Swedenborg and Pestalozzi 49 Chapter 5: The Infant School Society 67 Chapter 6: Educational Missionary: New Schools and Old 85 Chapter 7: Wilderspin in Scotland 107 Chapter 8: A National and International Reputation 127 Chapter 9: Theory and Practice 147 Chapter 10: The Infant School Movement in the 1830s: Crisis 167 Chapter 11: The Infant School Movement: New Directions 183 Chapter 12: The Llverpool Corporation Schools 1836-1837 201 Chapter 13: National Education: Wilderspin versus the Evangelicals 221 Chapter 14: The Dublin Model Schools 1837-1839 237 Chapter 15: Years of Adversity 255 Chapter 16: An Active Retirement 275 Appendices 295 Bibliography 307 Index 311 ILLUSTRATIONS Plate I Samuel Wilderspin. (From the portrait by J. R. Herbert, R.A., by courtesy of Mrs. T.N. Buell, California, U.S.A.). Plate II James Buchanan. (From R.R. Rusk, A History of Infant Education (London 1933), by courtesy of the University of London Press). David Goyder. (From the New Church Magazine, Vol. XXIV, No. 406, Oct. 1915, by courtesy of the Trustees of the British Library). J.P. Greaves. (From A. Campbell (Ed.), Letters and Extracts.from the Manuscript Writings of James Pierpoint Greaves (London, 2 vol., 1845), by courtesy of the Trustees of the British Library). Plate III The Interior of Bristol Infant School, Meadow Street. (From D.G. Goyder, A Manual of the System of Instruction Pursued at the Infant School, Meadow Street, Bristol (London, 3rd ed., 1824), by courtesy of the Trustees of the British Library). Plate IV The Interior of Walthamstow Infant School. (By courtesy of the Museum of Local History, Old Vestry House, London Borough of Waltham Forest). Plate V Drygate Infant School, Glasgow. (By courtesy of the Mitchell Library, Glasgow). Plate VI Cheltenham Infant School, St. James' Square. (From the painting by T. Westall, by courtesy of Cheltenham Art Gallery). Plate VII Dublin Model Infant School. (From T.U. Young, The Teacher's Manual.for Infant Schools and Preparatory Classes (Dublin 1850), by courtesy of Mrs. K.Y. McNamara, New York, U.S.A.). Thomas Urry and Sarah Anne Young, (By courtesy of John A. Young, Vermont, U.S.A.). Plat~ VIII "Baby-Lonian University", by George Cruikshank. (From the Comic Almanack, 1843 (London 1843), by courtesy of the Trustees of the British Library). Lines to a Great Philanthropist. Oh Wilderspin! I would attune the harp Of sweetest poesy to tell thee how, With heart and spirit, I esteem the work And labour of thy life! no harsher sound Than softest music will befit the theme- No tone less 'trancing than the poet's lyre. Kind friend of Infants! who in early life, Amidst the haunts and dwellings of the poor, Looking around thee, saw them left to roam In paths of wickedness, untrained, untaught, Save in the deeds of ill; and with a heart Of tender cqre, a mind resolved to act, Didst love and pity them; - with deepest thought And observation piercing and intense, Didst keenly study all the mystic laws Of mind unfolding in the infant breast. Teacher of babes! thy cause, when in its rise, Drew friends around, who fostered it with care, Endured a little time, and then fell off. Alone, undaunted, in the face of scorn, Of opposition, slander, ridicule, And all that most can sink the heart of man And baffle perseverance, thou didst still, Upheld by strength imparted from on high, With boldness persevere, and plead the cause Of helpless infancy around the land, And work unceasing for its lasting good With untired ardour. T.J. Terrington, Christmas at the Hall (1853). PREFACE Though this book is in every sense a collaboration, Dr. McCann is responsible for chapters 2, 3, 4, 5, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14, and Dr. Young for I, 6, 7, 8, 15 and 16. To Dr. McCann has also fallen the task of organising, editing and preparing the text for publication. Our list of acknowledgements is a lengthy one. First we would like to thank the Canada Council, whose grant, covering the years 1971-75, enabled the greater part of the research to be carried out; in addition we are grateful to Memorial University of Newfoundland for a large grant in aid of printing and for several smaller grants from the Vice-President's Fund, and to the Dean of Education for additional financial assistance to cover printing costs. We are indebted to John A. Young of Wolcott, Vermont, a great-great grandson of Samuel Wilderspin, for allowing us the unfettered use of the papers of Wilderspin and of Thomas Urry Young in his possession; to Theodora Niven Buell, Elizabeth Knox Ahlm and Patricia Wilderspin Sewall, of California, great-great grand-daughters of Wilderspin, for the loan of correspondence and for allowing us to photograph the Herbert portrait; to Katherine Young McNamara of Staten Island, N. Y., another great-great grand-daughter, for the loan of rare copies of Wilderspin's works. With respect to research, we were particularly fortunate to have as research assistant during 1971-72 Miss Sylvia Hodder (now Mrs. Worrall), whose energy and resourcefulness in discovering and collecting material in all parts of the British Isles laid the foundations for the book. We also wish to thank the following for assistance of various kinds: Hyacinth Douglas, Maryvonne Plessis-Fraissard, Kay McCormick and Leslie Zweigman for help with research; Dr. Herbert Jackson and Mrs. Helen Jones for translation services; Brian G.C. Brooks, of Brooks and Simpson Ltd., for genealogical research; Rex Russell, of Barton-on-Humber, for permission to use his unpublished Ms. on Wilderspin in Lincolnshire; Harold Speak and Mrs. Jean Forrester, of Wakefield Historical Society, for information on Wilderspin's residence in Wakefield; John Goodchild, of Wakefield Public Library, for permission to use material in his private collection; J.E. Whitaker, Hon. Secretary of the City of Wakefield Golf Club, for access to the clubhouse, formerly Lupset Hall; A.C. Dunsmore, Publicity Manager of the Gourock Ropework Co., for information from the New Lanark Visitors' Books; Rev. H. Edwards, vicar of St. Michael's, Highgate, for searches in local parish registers; J.N. Baldry, Headmaster of Hackney Free and Parochial Secondary School, for access to minute books in possession of the school; Miss G.P. Collins, former Principal of Saffron Walden College of Education, for access to rare works on infant education; S.J.D. Gegg, ofSpirax Sarco Ltd., Cheltenham, the present occupiers of the former Alpha House, for information concerning Wilderspin's tenancy of the building; W. and R. Chambers Ltd., publishers, for supplying letters of Wilderspin from their archives; Jacky Grayson, of Birmingham University, for making available material in her possession on Worcestershire Infant Schools; John and Margaret Crump, of Bristol, for help in locating letters of Wilderspin and in providing references to Wilderspin in the Combe Papers; Trevor Hearl, of St. Paul's College, Cheltenham, for assistance in locating sites associated with Wilderspin in Cheltenham; Rev. A.F. Munden, of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, formerly of Cheltenham, for making available copies of the works of Rev. F. Close in his possession and for other assistance re the early history of Cheltenham infant. schools: Miss D.M. Edwards, of the Brechin Advertiser, for access to minute books in her possession; Peter Lineham, of New Zealand, for help and advice regarding various aspects of Swedenborgian theology; Dr.
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