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Nationalistische Caesarreceptie in De Commentaartraditie KU LEUVEN FACULTEIT LETTEREN BLIJDE INKOMSTSTRAAT 21 BUS 3301 3000 LEUVEN, BELGIË Nationalistische Caesarreceptie in de commentaartraditie Patriottische accaparatie van De Bello Gallico en haar aanwezigheid bij commentatoren en teksteditoren in 16e, 17e en 18e eeuw Wouter Vangrieken Masterproef aangeboden binnen de opleiding master in de Taal- en Letterkunde Promotor prof. dr. Jan Papy Academiejaar 2016-2017 262.997 tekens Wouter Vangrieken Nationalistische Caesarreceptie in de commentaartraditie - Inhoudstafel Titelblad Inhoudstafel I Literatuurlijst III 1. Primaire literatuur: de commentaartraditie III 2. Secundaire literatuur IV Dankwoord XIII Abstract XIV Nationalistische Caesarreceptie in de commentaartraditie 1. Inleiding 1 1.1. Genealogie van het Caesariaans patriottisme 1 1.2. Caesar en de waarheid 2 1.3. "De Bello Gallico" 2 2. De Lage Landen 5 2.1. Oude Belgen, Nieuwe Belgen 5 2.1.1. De dappere Belgen 5 2.1.2. Belgen en Romeinen 6 2.2. Ambiorix, Aduatuca en de Civitas Tungrorum 9 2.2.1. Aduatuca Eburonum versus Aduatuca Tungrorum 10 2.2.2. Geografische afbakening van de Civitas Tungrorum 12 2.2.3. Etniciteit van de Tungri 15 2.3. Sporen in de commentaren 18 2.3.1. Vossius 18 2.3.2. Brantius 21 2.3.3. Ortelius 23 3. Frankrijk 30 3.1. Vercingetorix en "Nos ancêtres les Gaulois" 30 3.1.1. Het ontstaan van een nationale mythologie 30 3.1.2. Fransnationalisme en de Galliërs 31 3.1.3. Een postideologisch tijdperk ? 34 3.2. "Hauts lieux" de l'Hexagone 35 3.2.1. Bibracte 36 3.2.2. Gergovia 36 3.2.3. Alesia 39 3.3. Camille Jullian 40 3.4. Antecedenten 41 I Wouter Vangrieken Nationalistische Caesarreceptie in de commentaartraditie - Inhoudstafel 3.4.1. 'Li Fet des Romains' 42 3.4.2. Laatmiddeleeuwse Franse Caesarvertalingen 43 3.5. Sporen in de commentaren 45 3.5.1. Hotmanus 45 3.5.2. Goduinus 48 3.5.3. Scaliger 55 4. Zwitserland 58 4.1. Confoederatio Helvetica 58 4.2. Sporen in de commentaren 61 4.2.1. Rhellicanus 61 4.2.2. Glareanus 67 5. Duitsland 75 5.1. Ariovistus, "Vater des Deutschtums" 75 5.1.1. Het Duitse Keizerrijk 75 5.1.2. Het Derde Rijk 77 5.1.3. Hedendaagse geschiedenis 79 5.2. Sporen in de commentaren 82 5.2.1. Glandorpius 82 5.2.2. Camerarius 88 5.2.3. Cellarius 90 6. Groot-Brittannië 94 6.1. Caesars dubbele invasie 94 6.1.1. Holmes 95 6.1.2. Ellis 97 6.1.3. De strijdwagen 98 6.1.4. Folklore 99 6.2. Sporen in de commentaren 101 6.2.1. Davisius en Clarkius 101 6.2.2. Edmondes 103 7. Algemene conclusies 108 Addenda I. kaarten 111 II. fotomateriaal 117 III. illustraties Dyck 122 Index Nominum 124 II Wouter Vangrieken Nationalistische Caesarreceptie in de commentaartraditie - Literatuurlijst 1. De commentaartraditie: primaire literatuur BRANTIUS, Ioannes, Ad C. Iulii Caesaris Commentarios notae politicae et criticae, in: JUNGERMANNUS, Godefridus (ed.), C. Iulii Caesaris quae exstant. Notae, Adnotationes, Commentarii (Frankfurt: Claude de Marne & Jean Aubry, 1606); CAMERARIUS, Ioachimus, Annotationes quaedam in C. Iulii Caesaris Librum II et IV de Bello Gallico et III de Bello Civili, in: JUNGERMANNUS, Godefridus (ed.), C. Iulii Caesaris quae exstant. Notae, Adnotationes, Commentarii (Frankfurt: Claude de Marne & Jean Aubry, 1606); CELLARIUS, Christophorus, C. Iulii Caesaris Commentarii. Accessere adnotationes (Padova: Giovanni Manfre, 1774); CLARKIUS, Samuel, Notae integrae in Caesaris Commentarios, in: OUDENDORPIUS, Franciscus (ed.), C. Iulii Caesaris, A. Hirtii aliorumque Commentarii (Leiden: Samuel Luchtmans, 1737); DAVISIUS, Ioannes, C. Iulii Caesaris quae extant omnia, in: OUDENDORPIUS, Franciscus (ed.), C. Iulii Caesaris, A. Hirtii aliorumque Commentarii (Leiden: Samuel Luchtmans, 1737); EDMONDES, Clement, Observations upon the five first books of Caesar's Commentaries (London: Peter Short, 1600); GLANDORPIUS, Ioannes, Annotationes Doctissimi in C. Iulii Commentariorum Libros, in: JUNGERMANNUS, Godefridus (ed.), C. Iulii Caesaris quae exstant. Notae, Adnotationes, Commentarii (Frankfurt: Claude de Marne & Jean Aubry, 1606); GLAREANUS, Henricus, In C. Iulii Caesaris Clarissimi Romani Imperatoris Commentarios Annotationes, in: JUNGERMANNUS, Godefridus (ed.), C. Iulii Caesaris quae exstant. Notae, Adnotationes, Commentarii (Frankfurt: Claude de Marne & Jean Aubry, 1606); GODUINUS, Ioannes, C. Julii Caesaris quae exstant, interpretatione et notis illustrata (Venezia: Remondini, 1786); HOTMANUS, Franciscus, In C. Iulii Caesaris Commentarios de Bello Gallico et Civili Notae Renovatae, in: JUNGERMANNUS, Godefridus (ed.), C. Iulii Caesaris quae exstant. Notae, Adnotationes, Commentarii (Frankfurt: Claude de Marne & Jean Aubry, 1606); ORTELIUS, Abraham, C. Iulii Caesaris Omnia quae extant (Leiden: Franciscus van Raphelingen, 1593); RHELLICANUS, Ioannes, Annotationes in C. Iulii Caesaris Dictatoris Commentaria, in: JUNGERMANNUS, Godefridus (ed.), C. Iulii Caesaris quae exstant. Notae, Adnotationes, Commentarii (Frankfurt: Claude de Marne & Jean Aubry, 1606); SCALIGER, Iosephus Iustus, Notitia Galliae et notae auctiores, in: MONTANUS, Arnoldus (ed.), C. Iulii Caesaris quae extant cum selectis variorum commentariis quorum plerique novi (Amsterdam: Officina Elzeviriana, 1670); VOSSIUS, Dionysius, Notae integrae in Caesaris Commentarios, in: OUDENDORPIUS, Franciscus (ed.), C. Iulii Caesaris, A. Hirtii aliorumque Commentarii (Leiden: Samuel Luchtmans, 1737). III Wouter Vangrieken Nationalistische Caesarreceptie in de commentaartraditie - Literatuurlijst 2. Secundaire literatuur AGACHE, Roger, 'Découverte aérienne de retranchements nivelés aux abords du site présumé de Bratuspantium près de Breteuil-sur-Noye (Oise)', Bulletin de la Société préhistorique française, 59.5 (1962), 357-366; AMALVI, Christian, De l'art et la manière d'accomoder les héros de l'histoire de France: essais de mythologie nationale (Paris: Albin Michel, 1988); ARNOULD, Maurice-Aurélien, 'La bataille du Sabis (57 avant notre ère)', Revue belge de philologie et d'histoire, 20.1 (1941), 29-106; BÄCHTOLD, Hans Ulrich, 'Glaréan', in: l'Académie suisse des sciences humaines et sociales (ed.), Dictionnaire historique de la Suisse (2007, http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/f/F12800.php: geraadpleegd op 17 maart 2017); BAIRD, Henry Martyn, 'Hotman and the Franco-Gallia', The American Historical Review, 1.4 (1896), 609-630; BALTRUSCH, Ernst - HEGEWISCH, Morten - MEYER, Michael - PUSCHNER, Uwe - WENDT, Christian, 2000 Jahre Varusschlacht: Geschichte, Archäologie, Legenden, Topoi: Berliner Studien der Alten Welt, 7 (Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 2012); BANDELIER, André, 'République rauracienne', in: l'Académie suisse des sciences humaines et sociales (ed.), Dictionnaire historique de la Suisse (2012, http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/f/F7625.php: geraadpleegd op 30 november 2016); BAUER, Bruno - BRUNAR, Helmut (trad.) - MARCHANT, Byron (trad.), Christ and the Caesars: the Origin of Christianity from the Mythology of Rome and Greece (Bloomington: Xlibris, 2015); BAUER, Raoul, Clovis. In de schaduw van twee vrouwen (Leuven: Davidsfonds, 2016); BEDA Venerabilis, The ecclesiastical history of the English nation : from the coming of Julius Caesar into this island, in the 60th year before the incarnation of Christ, till the year of our Lord 731. Translated into English by John Stevens, Gentleman (London: Meighan, 1723); BEDAUX, Jan Cornelis (ed.), Die Marias von Cornelius Aurelius. Einleitung, Textausgabe und Anmerkungen, Supplementa Humanistica Lovaniensia, XX (Leuven: Universitaire Pers Leuven, 2006); BEER, Jeanette M.A., 'French Nationalism under Philip Augustus. An Unexspected Source', Mosaic, 7.2 (1974), 57-70; BERTHIER, André, Bilan de vingt années de recherche archéologique sur le site jurassien présumé d'Alésia (1963-1983), Les Annales d'Alésia, 1 (Lons-le-Saunier: Association Lemme Et Saine d'Intérêt Archéologique (A.L.E.S.I.A.), 1984); BERTHIER, André - WARTELLE, André, Alésia (Paris: Nouvelles Éditions Latines, 1990); BETTERIDGE, Thomas - FREEMAN, Thomas S. (eds.), Henry VIII and History (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2012); BIETENHOLZ, Peter G. - DEUTSCHER, Thomas Brian, Contemporaries of Erasmus: A Biographical Register of the Renaissance and Reformation, 3 vols. (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2003); IV Wouter Vangrieken Nationalistische Caesarreceptie in de commentaartraditie - Literatuurlijst BISKUP, Thomas, 'The Enlightenment', in: GRIFFIN, Miriam (ed.), A Companion to Julius Caesar, Blackwell Companions to the Ancient World (Oxford: Blackwell, 2009), pp. 399-409; BLÖSCH, Edgar, 'Nägeli, Hans Franz', in: Historische Commission bei der Königlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften (ed.), Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie, 45 vols. (München: Duncker & Humblot, 1886), XXIII, 219-221; BRADLEY, Carl Meredith, 'The British War Chariot: A Case for Indirect Warfare', The Journal of Military History, 73.4 (2009), 1073-1089; BROMWICH, Rachel, Trioedd Ynys Prydein. The Welsh Triads (Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 1961); BROWN, Virginia, 'Caesar', in: CRANZ, Ferdinand Edward - KRISTELLER, Paul Oskar (eds.), Catalogus Translationum et Commentariorum: Mediaeval and Renaissance Latin translations and commentaries, 10 vols. (Washington D.C.: The Catholic University of America Press, 1976), III, 87-139; BULLIOT, Jacques Gabriel (ed.), L'Oppidum de Bibracte. Guide historique et archéologique au Mont Beuvray (Autun: Imprimerie Dejussieu, 1876); CAMÉ, François, 'Mitterrand: une tombe au mont Beuvray. L'ancien Président a acheté une parcelle sur ce site gaulois. Pour un franc', Libération, 9 september 1995; CESAR, C. Julius, Commentaryes. Newly translatyd owte of laten in to englyshe,
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